announcements lab this week: frog reflexes –review information on lab webpage friday quiz...
TRANSCRIPT
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Announcements
• Lab this week: Frog Reflexes– Review information on lab webpage
• Friday Quiz– Topics
• Thermoregulation and • Glucose Homeostasis and • Frog Reflexes
– Format• Powerpoint slides on screen• Multiple-multiple choice: choose all correct responses• Fill in the blank• About 10 questions
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The Issues
• How do cells “know” which fuel to “burn?”• How do cells “know” when to synthesize
glycogen or lipids and when to break down glycogen or lipid?
• What is responsible for the transitions from the absorptive and post-absorptive states?
• How does glucose get into “sinks?”
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Activates some enzymes, inactivates others
GLUT-4
Peptide hormone
Exercise via an undescribed mechanism
+
T1DM =beta cells fail to produce adequate insulin (5%)T2DM = target cells “resistant” (less responsive) to insulin
↑ plasma glucose →↑insulin secretion→↑glucose uptake into cells →↓ plasma glucose
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Fig. 16.07Identify sensors, afferent pathway,integrator,efferent pathway,effectors
How is insulin secretion affected if plasma glucose is lower than set point?
Which cell types have insulin receptors?
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Fig. 16.01
=sink
Abs
orpt
ive
Pha
se
Neurons don’t have insulin receptors, but do have Glucose transporters (not GLUT-4)
=GLUT-4
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Absorptive Phase
Post-Absorptive Phase
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?
The Integrator integrates multiple inputs
Glucose uptake, Storage, Lipogenesis
WHY?
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Another hormone that regulates plasma glucose concentration
Glucagon prevails during post-absorptive phase
Transition from absorptive to post-absorptive phase?
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Fig. 16.10
EPI, yet another horomone inglucose homeostasis
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Glucose-counterregulatory controls
(oppose effects of insulin)
GlucagonEpinephrineCortisol (permissive effect)Growth hormone (permissive effect)
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Who Cares?
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A Case Study
• On our website at• http://webs.wofford.edu/davisgr/bio342/oggt.htm
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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
• Overnight fast, no beverages other than water
• Fasting blood sample• Ingest 75 grams glucose• Blood samples every 0.5
hours for 3-5 hours• Plot plasma glucose
concentration over time• Compare curves
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Stress,Emergency (fight or flight)
Effect onBeta cells
Effect on Alpha Cells