Republic of Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

University of Technology

Building and Construction Engineering Department

Highway and Bridges Engineering Division

IMPROVEMENT OF COHESIVE SOILS USING WASTE

CRUSHED GLASS

ANNUAL PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BSc. SCIENCE IN

BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

(GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED BY:

ARAM AYOUB DAWOUD

(Building and Construction Engineering Department, 2014)

Supervised by:

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Abdullateef Al-Neami

Lecturer. Kawther Yali

2013 2014

(01) الآية يونس سورة

يذخر 7.الر ب ي هب الحكمة، ومن فمه ت تدف ق المعرفة والفهم لأن 6﴿ي رعى سبل العدل، ويحافظ 8.للمستقيمين فطنة، وهو ت رس للس الكين بالكمال

﴾ حينئذ تدرك العدل والحق والاستقامة، وكل سبيل صالح 9. طريق أتقيائه على

(9-6:6) أمثال

I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

"In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most

merciful"

First praise be to "Allah" who gave the strength and health

to work and enable to finish this work.

I would like to express my love and respect for my mother's

soul .

And the greatest sincere thanks to my supervisor Asst. Prof.

Dr. Mohammed Abdullateef Al-Neami and Lecturer

kawther yali for their full support, valuable advice,

guidance, and cooperation.

Appreciation to all the staff of the Soil Laboratory in

University of Technology.

Finally, I express my great gratitude to all my friends during

my work.

Aram Ayoub

II

Abstract

Loose sand, soft clays, and organic deposits are often unsuitable for use

in construction due to their less-than-desirable engineering properties.

Traditional methods of stabilizing these soils through in-situ ground

improvement or replacement techniques are costly.

The use of crushed glass in construction projects is gaining in

popularity. Thousands of tons of glass bottles and jars enter landfills each day.

Recycling this glass is an excellent way to reduce waste, lower construction

costs and help the environment.

The present work investigates the effect of recycled crushed glass on

geotechnical properties of cohesive soil brought from Al-Nahrawn City. The

reason of selection this additive return to availability of waste glasses widely

in Iraq in addition to Simplicity to recycle it in crushed form.

Four percentages (2, 4, 6 and 8%) were added to cohesive soil and

before this process; the glass was crushed manually by hammer and sieved to

suit the particle size of soil study.

The results showed that 4 % of crushed glass treat the cohesive soil and

gives more advantage comparing with untreated soil.

Because the behavior of crushed glass that works as a granular

material, the specific gravity and liquid limit were decreased while the plastic

limit increased with increase of additive.

Also, the optimum moisture content decreased while the dry unit weight

increased because the soil became stiff with increasing of additive in the soil.

From the consolidation results, it was found that the compression and

swelling indices were marked low values in soil containing crushed glass.

Finally, the increase of crushed glass percentage in the soil caused

increase in the shear strength due to increase in friction angle and reducing of

cohesion.