annual report 2008 - sabah

ANNUAL REPORT 2008

TANGKULAP-SG. PINANGAH FOREST RESERVE – FMU 17A

FMU17A – AnnualReport2008 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Tangkulap Forest Reserve and part of Sg. Pinangah Forest Reserve forms FMU 17A

and covers an area of 50,070 hectares. It is managed by the Sabah Forestry

Department under Deramakot Forestry District. It is made up of 91 compartments

with the following forest functions.

Conservation 1,909 ha (5 compartments)

Production (NFM) 37,396 ha (66 compartments)

Production (Intensive Forest Restoration) 10,715 ha (20 compartments)

According to an approved 10-year Forest Management Plan and Annual Work Plan

for the year 2008, the major forest management activities are:

Silviculture Tending

Forest Rehabilitation

Intensive Forest Restoration involving harvesting for site preparation

Enrichment Planting

Protection (against poaching, illegal logging and encroachment)

2 private companies have been awarded long term licences to carry out Intensive

Forest Restoration and 1 private company, a contract to do tending (silviculture) and

enrichment planting. They are:

Lebihasil S/B (SFMLA 01/2005)

Compartments 55 (545 ha) and 56 (627 ha)

Maxland S/B (SFMLA 01/2007)

Compartments 70 (655 ha) and 71 (322 ha)

Bumi Hijau S/B

4,000 ha annually (tending)

250 ha annually (enrichmnent planting)

Under the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006 – 2010), the State Governement of Sabah has

allocated RM18,998,600 to manage FMU 17A under SFM. For the year 2008, a

budget of RM3,784,860.00 was approved. It is also planned for FMU 17A to be

certified under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in 2009. Pre-assessment to

identfy gaps prior to FSC auditing for certification has been carried out and all gaps

(Table 1) were addressed and closed.


Corrective Action Request

GAP # Description of GAP Status

001 SFD has no clear and defined system for monitoring and protection against further encroachment for FMU 17A (1.5)

closed

002 SFD does not have a clear publicly available policy statement realising the commitment to forest stewardship in line with FSC P&C. (1.6)

Closed

003

SFD has identified a number of households and cultivated areas within FMU 17, but has not formally surveyed the areas nor issued occupation permits to households for areas occupied within FMU 17. (2.1)

Social assessment conducted

004

The pre-social baseline only identified forest area that was encroached by the community and was not adequate to identify status of community in regards to indigenous rights, current and potential impacts as well as social needs. (2.2, 3.1)

Social assessment in FMP

005 There is no formal system for communication or dispute resolution (2.3)

Established committees, need to hold meetings

006 SFD encourage local employment but no formalised system to ensure contractors give opportunity to local communities for employment (4.1)

All staff need to be legal & preference given to locals

007 SFD has not developed formal guidelines or procedures for health & safety, storage and handling of hazardous materials. (4.2, 6.6)

Procedures currently being finalized

008 The SFD has not conducted an environmental survey yet or HCVF analysis to identify forest conservational values and define a system to protect those values (5.5; 6.1; 9.1)

HCVF incorporated into FMP

009 The estimation of MAI of the forest area based on the 4 strata has not yet been measured or adequately estimated to ensure sustainability (5.6)

41 PSP established to measure growth

010 SFD has not established PSP to measure diversity, succession and productivity. (6.3)

41 PSP established to measure growth

011

There are currently no operations or formalized codes of practice, guidelines or operational procedures for forest management and forestry operations that would include (Forest engineering, Reduced Impact logging, Fire, waste management, forest protection, monitoring (environmental, operations, social), health & safety, Silviculture & rehabilitation, etc). (6.5)

13 Procedures submitted & referenced in the FMP

012 SFD has drafted a forest management plan for 17A but there is a significant lack of information needed to develop a FMP. (7.1)

FMP Revision #1 submitted dated Nov 2008

013 SFD lacks a clear system to monitor environmental attributes, wildlife, and resource elements (8.1).

FMP Orangutan nest counting & camera trapping & Proc 06

014

HCVF needs to be formally defined and recognised as part of environmental and social assessments and mitigation measures within the FMP. Stakeholders within Sabah need to participate in the identification of HCVF (9.1, 9.2)

HCVF defined along with mitigation measures in FMP

TABLE 1 GAPS IDENTIFIED DURING PRE-ASSESSMENT


FOREST OPERATION 1. HARVESTING

Although there is no harvesting as stated in the FMP, site preparation for Intensive

Forest Restoration which involves harvesting are carried out in compartments 56, 70

and 71 (Table 2).

TABLE 2. HARVESTING OF COMPARTMENT 56 BY LEBIHASIL S/B (SFMLA 01/2005) AND COMPARTMENT 70 AND 71 BY MAXLAND S/B (SFMLA 01/2007)

Compt. Size (ha) Volume (m3) Royalty (RM)

56 492 12,115.64 686,152.64

70 & 71 841 12,673.07 696,308.96

Total 1,333 24,788.71 1,382,461.60

2. TENDING (SILVICULTURE)

The objective of silviculture tending is to liberate and enhance growth of future crop

trees and bring them to harvestable size at the shortest time possible.

As of 2008, 15,438 ha have been tended at a cost of RM5,403,250.

TABLE 3. SILVICULTURE TENDING BY BUMI HIJAU S/B

Year Compartment No Area Treated (ha) Contract Fee (RM)

2004 12 143 50,000

2005 12,13,14,15 2,000 700,000

2006 1,2,3,16,32,33,49 4,000 1,400,000

2007 32,33,49,50,60,51,48,52 (AWP 2007) 4,000 1,400,000

52,36,46 (addition) 1,295 453,250

2008 36,46,45,44,7,22,23,37 4,000 1,400,000

TOTAL 15,438 5,403,250


3. FOREST REHABILITATION

Forest rehabilitation is deemed necessary because about 10,000 ha of the forest is

highly degraded with insufficient stocking and natural regeneration. There are two

approach to forest rehabilitation in FMU 17A.

Intensive Forest Restoration

Enrichment planting

3.1 INTENSIVE FOREST RESTORATION

LEBIHASIL S/B (SFMLA 01/2005)

Except for small patches of natural forest observed in block 56C and river and stream

buffer that were being retained, Lebihasil S/B has virtually converted nearly all the

degraded forest into fast growing plantation.

Intensive Forest Restoration in compartment 55 and 56 by Lebihasil S/B

MAXLAND S/B (SFMLA 01/2007)

Maxland S/B is doing an excellent job in forest restoration as they identify and retain

areas with existing regeneration of high valued dipterocarps less than 20 cm dbh to

create a mosaic of natural forest and forest plantation of fast growing native species.

This methodology is in line with meeting FSC certification because it is not seen as

conversion of natural forest to forest plantation but rather restoration of poorly

stocked areas with native species with significant areas retained as natural forest.


Mosaic planting in compartment 71, by Maxland S/B

Fast growing indigenous tree species such as Laran, Binuang, Batai and Sepat is

used for planting.

TABLE 4. INTENSIVE FOREST RESTORATION PLANTING IN COMPARTMENT 55, 56,70 &

71

Compt. Sub-block

Area (ha)

Species Status

55 B 100 Binuang & Laran

Lebihasil S/B 56

A 146 Binuang, Laran & Magas

B 86 Binuang, Laran & Magas

C 134 Binuang, Laran & Magas i

466

70

H1 44 Khaya, Laran, Batai &

Binuang

Maxland S/B

H2 6 Khaya, Laran & Batai

I 19.5 Batai, Laran & Binuang

J 13 Laran & Batai

71

L1 19 Batai, Binuang & Laran

L2 2.5 Batai

L3 6 Laran & Batai

110


2 month old Laran, compartment 70 (Maxland S/B)

4 month old Batai, compartment 55 (Lebihasil S/B)


Intensive Forest Restoration (Compartment 55 & 56 – Lebihasil S/B SFMLA 1/2005)

5° 24.61'

5° 22.44'

5° 22.98'

5° 23.53'

5° 24.07'

11

7° 8

.36'

11

7° 8

.90'

11

7° 9

.45'

11

7° 9

.98'

11

7° 1

0.5

3'

Inoperable Area

I

GF

CB

H1

K

A2

L1

L2

D1

E2

A3

M1

D2

M2

83

65

60

56

53

48

47

38

36

35

33

32

29

26

25

24

23

18

16

29

18

26

38

47

I

GF

C

N2

J

B

H1

K

E1

A2

M3

L1

L2

D1

A1

H2

L3

E2

N1

A3

M1

D2

M2

E3

75

NURSERY SITE

N.5° 22' 55.56"

E.117° 10' 4.08"

Sg. Karamuak

Sg. B

inalik

82 70 0 0

82 70 0 0

82 80 0 0

82 80 0 0

82 90 0 0

82 90 0 0

83 00 0 0

83 00 0 0

83 10 0 0

83 10 0 0

595000

595000

596000

596000

597000

597000

598000

598000

599000

599000

600000

600000

Untouched Area - 38 Ha.

Area Planted in 2008 - 278 Ha.

Salvage Logging Completed - 841 Ha.

Site Preparation Completed - 404 Ha.

Sub Planting Block

River

LEGEND:

Main Road

Secondary Road

Logging Road

N

200 0 200 400 600 800 Meters

1 : 25,000

Mosaic planting (Compartment 70 & 71 – Maxland S/B SFMLA 1/2007)


3.2 ENRICHMENT PLANTING

A total area of 2,400 ha is required to be enriched with mixed dipterocarps, fruit trees

and fast growing indigenous species. For the year 2008, a total area of 250 ha has

been planted.

TABLE 5. ENRICHMENT PLANTING

Year Compt. Area (ha) Species

2005 22 12 Bnuang, Laran & Sepat

2006 15 4 Sentul, Bako-bako, Keranji, Obah, Mata kucing, Kayu malam, Kerudung dan Sengkuang

2007 47 37 Mixed (Dipterocarps & fast growing indigenous)

2008 47 238

Mixed (Dipterocarps & fast growing indigenous) 35 12

Total 303

4. “OCCUPATION PERMIT (OP)”

18 occupation permits were issued for the year 2008. Roads for log extraction and

log yards for temporary log storage are the two main purpose for application of OPs

in FMU 17A. A total fee of RM 323,664.08 was collected from the year 2005 to 2008. TABLE 6. REVENUE COLLECTED FROM “OCCUPATION PERMIT”

Year Fees (RM)

2005 86,914.08

2006 81,500.00

2007 91,750.00

2008 63,500.00

Total 323,664.08

FMU 17A – AnnualReport2008 9

TABLE 7. OCCUPATION PERMIT ISSUED (2008)

No. OP # OP OWNER EFFECTIVE PERIOD PURPOSE AREA (ha)

1. JP(DFR) OP 04/2005 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 01.09.2007-31.08.2009 Camp Site 0.436

2. JP(DFR) OP 02/2004 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 19.08.2007-18.08.2008 Log yard 3.54

3. JP(DFR) OP 01/2004 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 12.03.2008-11.03.2009 Log extraction 37

4. JP(DFR) OP 02/2005 Kontraktor Malaysia 01.04.2008-31.03.2009 Saw mill/log yard 2.177

5. JP(DFR) OP 01/2005 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 01.01.2008-31.12.2008 Log extraction 79.5


7. JP(DFR) OP 01/2006 Kontraktor Malaysia 21.03.2008-20.03.2009 Nursery 1.26

8. JP(DFR) OP 03/2005 Wajakaya Sdn. Bhd. 04.03.2008-03.03.2009 Extraction of oil palm produce 24


10. JP(DFR) OP 02/2006 Bumi Hijau 23.03.2008-22.03.2009 Office/Nursery 1.0

11. JP(DFR) OP 03/2006 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 20.04.2007-19.04.2008 Workshop/Camp 1.7

12. JP(DFR) OP 04/2006 Rakyat Berjaya Sdn. Bhd. 23.03.2007-22.03.2008 G/keeper’s house 1.08

13. JP(DFR) OP 01/2007 Lebihasil S/B 11.04.2007-10.04.2008 Saw mill/Camp/Log yard 1.99

14. JP(DFR) OP 02/2007 Lebihasil S/B 11.04.2008-10.04.2009 Nursery 0.99


16. JP(DFR) OP 04/2007 Maxland S/B 28.05.2008-27.05.2009 Camp/Nursery 2.4

17. JP(DFR) OP 01/2008 Lebihasil S/B 21.08.2008-20.01.2009 Rock quarry

18. JP(DFR) OP 02/2008 Lebihasil S/B 21.08.2008-20.01.2009 Sumber air

TOTAL 161.08


5. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND HCVF

INVENTORY OF MAMMALS AND TERRESTRIAL BIRDS WITH CAMERA TRAPPING

Species diversity and the abundance of mammals and terrestrial avian in FMU 17A,

were censured by camera-traps with the assistance of Dr. Hirometsu Samejima from

the Centre for Ecological Research, Kyoto University. The census was conducted

from 22nd June to 8th October 2008. 27 automatic cameras triggered by passive

infrared motion sensors were used. Nine census points were selected at an interval

of 4-7 km over the entire Forest Reserve (Figure 1), and three cameras were

randomly set up in a 500 m radius from the census points and positioned about 50

cm above the ground. The number of medium to large mammals and terrestrial birds

captured by these cameras (180 camera days – 40 to 70 days for each camera) at

each census points were counted. Calculation is based on the frequency of each

species photographed, which is regarded as the average number of individuals

caught on celluloid, and the proportion of census points captured (occupancy) during

the 180 camera-day period.

A total of 23 medium to large mammal species and 2 terrestrial bird species were

photographed in FMU 17A from 1,620 camera-days (Table 1). This shows that FMU

17A, even though severely degraded, still sustain a high level of species diversity.

Mouse-deer (mostly Greater mouse deer, Tragulus napu), Pig-tailed macaque

(Macaca nemestrina), Beared Pig (Sus barbatus) and Long-tailed porcupine (Trichys

fasciculata) were very common, and captured mostly at every census points and in

high frequency. Some rare, threatened and endangered species such as Clouded

Leopard (Neofelis diardi), Tembadau (Bos javanicus) and Sun Bear (Helartos

malayanus) were also captured. None the less, the captured frequencies and

occupancies of some species, such as the Sun Bear, Malay Civet (Viverra

tangalunga), Bornean Yellow Muntjac (Muntiacus atherodes) and Samber (Cervus

unicolor) were much lower as compared to FMU 19A (Deramakot FR). The number

of species captured at each census points in FMU 17A was 10.1±2.8

(mean±standard deviation), which is significantly lower than that in Deramakot FR

(13.7±2.8) (p<0.01, t-test). Even though the area is considered highly degraded, the

highest number of species recorded (14 spp.) was from census points located near

the lower Sg Tangkulap Besar.

Through timber stand improvement (silviculture) and forest restoration, FMU 17A,

under best management practice, is expected to enhance the population and

diversity of wildlife.


Table 8. THE FREQUENCIES AND OCCUPANCIES OF MEDIUM TO LARGE MAMMALS AND

TERRESTRIAL BIRDS PHOTOGRAPHED (CAMERA TRAPS).

FREQUENCY

Average number of individuals captured in 180 camera-days

OCCUPANCY

Proportion of census points captured in 180 camera-days

FMU 17A FMU 19A FMU 17A FMU 19A

Mammals

Moon Rat Echinosorex gymnurus 3.78 2.25 0.56 0.70

Pangolin Manis javanica - 0.15 - 0.15

Western Tarsier* Tarsius bancanus 0.89 0.15 0.44 0.10

Long-tailed Macaque* Macaca fascicularis 0.22 0.25 0.11 0.20

Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina 4.00 4.15 1.00 0.90

Orang utan* Pongo pygmaeus 0.89 0.40 0.44 0.30

Common Porcupine Hystrix brachyura 1.89 2.15 0.56 0.50

Long-tailed Porcupine Trichys fasciculate 4.00 3.90 0.78 0.75

Thick-spined Porcupine Thecurus crassispinus 0.11 0.50 0.11 0.25

Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus 0.11 0.70 0.11 0.50

Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula 0.11 0.30 0.11 0.20

Malay Badger Mydaus javanensis 0.89 2.15 0.56 0.55

Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea 0.44 - 0.33 -

Malay Civet Viverra tangalunga 0.33 3.00 0.22 0.80

Binturong/Bearcat* Arctictis binturong - 0.05 - 0.05

Common Palm Civet* Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 0.11 0.65 0.11 0.40

Banded Palm Civet Hemigalus derbyanus 1.00 2.30 0.33 0.75

Banded Linsang Prionodon linsang - 0.25 - 0.10

Short-tailed Mongoose Herpestes brachyurus - 0.40 - 0.25

Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.10

Marbled Cat* Felis marmorata - 0.10 - 0.10

Leopard Cat Felis bengalensis 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.05

Pygmy Elephants Elephas spp. 0.11 0.25 0.11 0.10

Bearded Pig Sus barbatus 4.44 3.05 0.89 0.85

Lesser Mouse Deer Tragulus javanicus 8.33 15.35 1.00 1.00

Greater Mouse Deer Tragulus napu

Borneon Yellow Muntjac Muntiacus atherodes 1.11 6.90 0.33 0.90

Sambar Deer Cervus unicolor 0.67 1.55 0.33 0.70

Tembadau Bos javanicus 0.11 0.20 0.11 0.10

Birds

Great Argus Argysianus argus 1.89 5.65 0.56 0.95

Crested Fireback Lophura erthrophthalma 0.44 2.05 0.44 0.45

Scaly-breasted Patridge Arborophila charltoni - 1.30 - 0.60

# of mammalian species 23 29

# of terrestrial avian species 2 3

* Species that are known to be arboreal


FIG.1 LOCATIONS OF CAMERAS IN FMU 17A.


Sun bear Borneon yellow muntjac

Bearded pig Great argus

Pygmy elephant Clouded leopard

Orang utan Banded linsang

SOME PHOTOGRAPHED (CAMERA TRAPPING) WILDLIFE IN FMU 17A (DR. H. SAMEJIMA)


5.1 OPPORTUNISTIC SIGHTINGS

FMU 17A supports a variety of wildlife as evident in records of sightings

(Opportunistic Sightings) camera trappings and Orang utan census. Record of

sightings for the year 2008 show that the most common mammalian species are the

Pygmy elephants, Bearded pig, Sambar deer and Malay civet. The long tail

macaque and pig tailed macaque are the most commonly sighted primates. There

were also sightings of Orang utans (Datuk S. Mannan, S. Suparlan, P. Lagan & A.

Ahmad, 2008) and Proboscis monkeys (J. Titin, 2008). As for raptors, the Crested

Serpent Eagle and the Black Eagle are most common. Refer to Table 7,

Opportunistic Sightings 2008.

TABLE 9. OPPORTUNISTIC SIGHTINGS (2008)

SPECIES AND FREQUENCY OF SIGHTINGS/ENCOUNTERS

LOCALLY THREATENED

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) 15 Pygmy Elephant 220 Tembadau / Banteng (Bos javanicus) 1 Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) 4 Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) 1 Borneon Gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) 2 Red Leaf Monkey (Presbytis rubicunda) 1 Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinplax vigil) 15

COMMON

Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) 145 Bornean yellow muntjac (Muntiacus atherodes) 50 Bearded pig (Sus barbatus) 201 Lesser mouse-deer (Traulus javanicus) 70 Greater mouse-deer (Tragulus napu) 63 Flat-headed cat (Felis planiceps) 2 Leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) 26 Bay cat (Felis badia) 0 Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga ) 146 Common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) 65 Malay badger (Mydaus javanensis) 45 Oriental small-clawed otter (Aonyx (Amblonyx) cinerea) 5 Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) 33 Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) 55 Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus) 15 Thick-spined porcupine (Thecurus crassispinis) 24 Pangolin (Manis javanica) 14 Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) 66 Pied Hornbill (Anthrococeros coronatus) 23 Argus Pheasant 35 Reticulated Python 6 Flying Lemur (Cynocephalus variegates) 3 Crested Serpent-Eagle (Spirlonis cheela) 55 Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis) 43 Buffy Fish-owl (Ketupa ketupu) 14 Oriental darter 25 Hill Myrna (Gracula religiosa) 5 Flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) 9 Crested Fireback 15


Black cobra 3 Monitor lizard 66 Binturong or Bear cat (Arctictis binturong) 7

5.2 ORANG UTAN The aerial census methodology (M. Ancrenaz, 2005) by counting Orang utan nests along pre-determined transects, is being used in FMU 17A. This exercise is carried out twice a year and the results are shown in Table 10.

TABLE 10. ORANG UTAN POPULATION (AERIAL ORANG UTAN NEST CENSUS)

Date of Census # of Individuals/km2 # of Orang-utan in Tangkulap FR

Jun-05 0.84 189

Nov-05 0.93 210

Jun-06 1.01 228

Nov-06 0.9 203

Aug-07 0.83 187

Nov-07 1.16 262

May-08 1.48 334

Nov-08 2.07 467

Annual Work Plan Year 2008 16

6. COST AND PROFIT

The actual costs of maintaining all forest management activities in FMU 17A for the

year was RM3,726,090.25 (refer Pie Chart). The government allocated budget for

the year was RM3,784,860.00. Revenue from Occupation Permit fees and royalties

as of 2008 was RM1,445,961.60.

annual report 2008 - sabah

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