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Magistrates Court

Annual Report

2015 - 2016

Table of Contents

AIM OF THE COURT...............................................................................................................5OVERVIEW OF THE COURT.................................................................................................7ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................................... 7COURT LOCATIONS................................................................................................................ 8PERSONALIA............................................................................................................................. 8

TRANSFER OF JURISDICTION.............................................................................................9

REVIEW....................................................................................................................................... 9

COURT STAFF........................................................................................................................... 9BENCH JUSTICES..................................................................................................................... 9THE COURT’S NATIONAL INVOLVEMENT....................................................................10CASELOAD............................................................................................................................... 11

PROBLEM-SOLVING COURTS...........................................................................................12SPECIALIST YOUTH JUSTICE COURT.............................................................................13COURT USER GROUPS........................................................................................................ 14CRIMINAL & GENERAL DIVISION LEGISLATION.......................................................15

IT & TECHNOLOGY...............................................................................................................16

LEGAL EDUCATION INITIATIVES.....................................................................................16DISABILITY ACCESS TO SERVICES................................................................................17COURT SUPPORT SERVICES.............................................................................................18CORONIAL DIVISION............................................................................................................20

COURT STATISTICS.............................................................................................................. 24PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...........................................................................................33COURT FINANCES................................................................................................................. 36

MAGISTRATES CHAMBERSGPO Box 354Hobart Tasmania 7000

The Honourable Vanessa Goodwin MLCAttorney-GeneralParliament House HOBART TAS 7000

Dear Attorney-General

MAGISTRATES COURT ANNUAL REPORT 2015-2016

I enclose the Annual Report for 2015-2016 for the Magistrates Court as required by the:

Magistrates Court Act 1987, section 17C; and Coroners Act 1995 section 69.

The Chief Magistrate delegated the completion of the Annual Report to the Deputy Chief Magistrate upon her appointment on Monday 24 October 2016.

Yours sincerely

Michael DalyDeputy Chief Magistrate

31 October 2016

Aim of the Court

Aim of the CourtThe aim of the Magistrates Court is for a fair, just and safe Tasmania. It serves the community by providing access to an accountable, independent and impartial system of justice administered according to law.

PurposeThe purpose of the Magistrates Court of Tasmania is to provide an open, transparent and accessible system of justice, to apply the Rule of Law, and to protect and respect individuals’ rights.

Values We value judicial independence and we act independently from

Government in the exercise of our judicial functions.

Our staff behave with integrity and respect, are accountable, cooperative, act without bias and in accordance with the State Service Code of Conduct.

More detailed information relating to the Court’s strategic plan and its day-to-day operations (services, locations, decisions, court lists) is available on the Magistrates Court website.

http://www.magistratescourt.tas.gov.au/

Overview of the Court

Overview of the CourtThe Magistrates Court of Tasmania is a statutory body created as a court of record by the Magistrates Court Act 1987 section 3A that comprises the Chief Magistrate, the Deputy Chief Magistrate, and the Magistrates.

Magistrates have jurisdiction to hear and determine a broad range of legal matters.

Magistrates sitting in Courts of Petty Sessions hear and determine simple offences, crimes triable summarily under State and Commonwealth legislation, breaches of duty, applications under various State and Commonwealth statutes, and exercise a wide range of appellate and review functions. Magistrates also hear simple and indictable offences in the Youth Justice Division as well as exercising child protection responsibilities.

Magistrates in the Civil Division hear and determine civil matters to a value of $50,000 or an unlimited amount with the consent of the parties. Matters up to a value of $5,000 are dealt with as Minor Civil Claims and undergo simplified procedures prior to, and at hearing.

Statutory provision is also made for the Court to sit in the following Divisions:

Civil Division Coronial Division Youth Justice Division Children’s Division Administrative Appeals Division Mining Division

AcknowledgmentsThe Court acknowledges the constructive working relationship that the Court enjoyed with the Attorney-General of Tasmania, the Honourable Vanessa Goodwin MLC, during the reporting period.

I express my appreciation to former Chief Magistrates Michael Hill and Michael Brett, all magistrates, the Administrator of Courts Wayne Johnson, Deputy Administrator Roger Illingworth, and all court staff for their dedication and professionalism throughout the reporting period.

In addition, I express my gratitude to the Court volunteers, particularly the Bench Justices, for the support services they provide to litigants, witnesses and others involved in proceedings before the Court. The

Tasmanian community is indebted to them for their service which is valuable and selfless.

Finally, I acknowledge the outstanding commitment by the magistrates who provide timely access to justice with courtesy, professionalism and great care.

Court LocationsDuring the reporting year, magistrates constituted courts of petty sessions under the Justices Act 1959, and sat in the various divisions of the Magistrates Court at the following locations around the State:

daily court sittings at Hobart, Launceston, Devonport, and Burnie;

circuit court sittings at Queenstown, Smithton, Currie, Whitemark, Scottsdale, St Helens, and Huonville.

PersonaliaOn 21 October 2015 Chief Magistrate Michael Hill retired as Chief Magistrate after almost 30 years as a magistrate. He was appointed as a magistrate in 1987 and became Tasmania's Chief Magistrate in 2009. I thank Mr Hill for his service to the Court as a magistrate, as Deputy Chief Magistrate, and as Chief Magistrate. I wish Mr Hill a long and happy retirement.

Magistrate Michael Brett commenced as Chief Magistrate on 22 October 2015. On 27 June 2016, the Attorney-General, the Hon Dr Vanessa Goodwin, announced the appointment of Chief Magistrate Brett as a justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of Justice David Porter. I take this opportunity to congratulate Justice Brett on his appointment and thank him for his service to the Court both as a magistrate and Chief Magistrate. His Honour’s appointment affirms the important role which the Magistrates Court has in our legal system and the increasingly high regard in which it is held by the profession, the community, and the government.

Under the Magistrates Court Act 1995, s6(3)(b), I acted in the office of Chief Magistrate between 11 July 2016 and the date of the appointment of Catherine Rheinberger as Chief Magistrate on 24 October 2016.

This year also saw the appointment of two new magistrates. On 22 February 2016, Magistrate Duncan Fairley was sworn in as a magistrate, and commenced sitting in the Devonport court. On 29 February 2016, Magistrate Tamara Jago was sworn in as a magistrate and commenced sitting in the Burnie court. I take this opportunity to congratulate and formally welcome both to the Court. During the current reporting period, ending 30 June 2016, the Magistrates Court was constituted by the following magistrates:

Hobart: Chief Magistrate M J BrettMagistrate S F MollardMagistrate O M McTaggart

Magistrate C P Webster Magistrate G A HayDeputy Chief Magistrate M F DalyMagistrate C J RheinbergerMagistrate S J Cooper

Launceston: Magistrate R J MarronMagistrate S J BrownMagistrate S E Cure

Devonport: Magistrate A R McKee Magistrate D Fairley

Burnie: Magistrate T Jago Temporary Magistrate: Magistrate R E Chandler

Transfer of jurisdictionSince October 2015, the judges of the Supreme Court have made greater use of their power to remit criminal matters to the Magistrates Court pursuant to s308 of the Criminal Code. This power is increasingly used in cases of indictable matters which are less serious and where it would not be inappropriate for a magistrate to deal with them. This transfer of jurisdiction between the courts has significant benefit to the administration of criminal justice because of the increased efficiency with which the magistrates are able to determine these matters.

Review On 16 June 2016 the Attorney-General announced that she had engaged consulting firm KPMG to report to her by early August on how to improve finalisations, clearance rates, attendances and backlog indicators in the criminal, civil and coronial divisions of the Court. The Review examined the Court’s administrative systems and resources, including in-court administrative arrangements. My understanding is that the Attorney-General has received the Report and a Committee will be convened in due course to consider it.

Court StaffAt the end of the reporting period, 30 June 2016, the Magistrates Court had an actual staffing number of 50.03 full time and part-time staff distributed across the four permanent court registries situated in Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.

Bench JusticesThe Court once again expresses its gratitude for the voluntary contributions of the Bench Justices who deliver justice to the community

by presiding over preliminary proceedings on indictable offences, and in after-hours courts dealing with urgent applications for bail and family violence matters. The Bench Justices’ continuing contribution to the criminal justice system in this State is commendable and invaluable.

The Court’s National Involvement The Court continues its involvement in national and international forums for the discussion of justice and court administration in a variety of jurisdictions exercised by the Court. During the reporting year the Court was represented at the following meetings and conferences:

South Pacific Council of Youth and Children’s Courts Conference, 21-25 September 2015

Judicial Conference of Australia Colloquium, 9 October 2015 Council of Chief Magistrates Meeting, 19 October 2015 Asia Pacific Coroners Society Annual Conference, 10-13 November

2015 Judicial College of Australia Governing Council Meeting, 19 March

2016 Council of Chief Magistrates Meeting, 5 April and 10 August 2016

Professional Development The Magistrates professional development program continued with biannual conferences held in Hobart on 15-16 October 2015 and in Campbell Town on 8 April 2016.

A range of presentations were delivered by guest presenters and magistrates. Topics included new developments in evidence, mental health lists, sentencing, family violence and restraint orders, impacts of ‘ice’, child protection and coronial matters. I express my gratitude to the organisers of the conferences and to the presenters who have significantly contributed to the ongoing development of the expertise of the Tasmanian Magistracy.

CaseloadThe caseload of the Magistrates Court varies from year to year. For some time there has been a downward trend in the number of matters lodged with the Court. However, over the last two reporting periods there have been increases in lodgements of 9% in 2014-15 and a further 4% in 2015-16. Detailed statistics about the types and numbers of matters lodged appears later in this Annual Report.

An overview of the Court’s statistical performance during the 2015-16 reporting year shows:

Case Lodgements:

o criminal (adult) 21,912

o criminal (youth) 1,331

o civil (minor civil, civil, residential tenancy)

4,083

o miscellaneous applications 2,104

o restraint order applications 1,135

o family violence order applications 1,132

o coronial cases 568

o child protection applications 763

o administrative appeals 30

TOTAL 33,058

Fines, Costs, Fees and Levies imposed:

o Fines 3,919,860

o Criminal court fees 813,806

o Court fees (civil claims, applications etc.) 608,628

o Victims of Crime Compensation levies 312,720

o Appeals Costs Fund levies 30,956TOTAL

5,685,970

Problem-solving CourtsDuring the reporting year the Court continued its activities in the areas of problem-solving justice. This approach to justice requires courts to acknowledge that rather than simply processing cases, the court system should be concerned with taking approaches in an attempt to address the problems that lead to a person’s appearance in court, and work to change offender behaviour and improve public safety where appropriate.

Currently the Court takes this approach in the following areas:

Court Mandated Drug Diversion (CMD) program;

Diversion List (DL);

Family Violence Lists;

Youth Justice Special List.

The Court continues to work to improve collaboration between participants in these problem-solving justice approaches, learning from and building on what has been achieved over previous years.

Court Mandated Drug Diversion ProgramThe Court Mandated Drug Diversion Program (CMD) was introduced in 2007 to divert people, whose offending behaviour is linked to illicit drug use, into drug treatment interventions. The CMD program has capacity for approximately 80 defendants statewide. Referral to the program under a Drug Treatment Order can involve a range of treatment options depending on what is most suitable for an offender’s needs, but may include some or all of the following:

Individual counselling; Group counselling; Random illicit drug testing; Residential rehabilitation; Case management; Detoxification (via the State Alcohol and Drug Service).

CMD has been successful in diverting a large group of offenders away from prison into community-based treatment and has had some positive impacts on delaying relapse or a return to crime.

Diversion List

Another key offender diversion program operated in the Court is the Diversion List (DL). The pilot program commenced in May 2007 in the Hobart Magistrates Court and has now become a permanent feature of Court operations. During the reporting period the DL was expanded to the Burnie and Devonport Courts. Presently, the List sits three times a month in Hobart and once a month in Launceston, Burnie and Devonport, and is presided over by specialist magistrates (who also preside over general lists). The Hobart Diversion List also includes persons with acquired brain injuries or cognitive disabilities who commit summary offences.

The DL is a ‘problem solving court’ program that diverts eligible defendants to mental health disability and other welfare services to address the underlying issues of their criminal behaviour. Using provisions within the Bail Act 1994 and the Sentencing Act 1997, the MHDL seeks to provide an alternative to traditional criminal sanctions where mental illness is causative of the offending behaviour. Persons charged with either a summary offence or a minor indictable offence triable summarily are eligible to enter the List, while persons charged with sexual offences and family violence offences are ineligible.

Family Violence ListsUpon the commencement of the Family Violence Act 2004, the Court has been listing separate court sessions for family violence matters to improve its responses and co-ordination with support agencies including specialist police prosecutors, safe families co-ordination unit, legal aid, and court support and liaison services.

Contest Mention SystemThe contest mention mechanism puts in place a process which enables a defendant, if they are going to plead guilty to an offence heard in the Magistrates Court, to do so at the earliest possible stage of the pre-trial proceedings. An evaluation of the contest mention system was completed in November 2012.

The evaluation report presented information relating to the effectiveness of the system as a pre-trial hearing for summary offences or indictable offences triable summarily, which aims to facilitate early guilty pleas and narrow the issues in dispute. A copy of the evaluation report is available on the Magistrates Court website.

Specialist Youth Justice CourtIn January 2011 the Magistrates Court in Hobart embarked upon a pilot project to trial a new approach to dealing with Youth Justice matters that come before it which has resulted in a Specialised Youth Justice Court Pilot. In 2013 the Court completed and published an analysis and


evaluation of the Specialised Youth Justice Court to assess whether the aims of the project have been achieved. The Report is an invaluable resource and usefully guides the practice and approach to Youth Justice in Tasmania. A copy of the evaluation including findings and recommendations is available on the Courts’ website.

The Court process involves a single magistrate hearing all youth justice cases and the development of a “specialist list” involving a therapeutic, bail-based approach to cases involving abuse of alcohol and drugs, mental health problems, or any other particular problem or combination of problems where the Court might appropriately intervene. Complex matters are transferred into a “specialist list” in order to receive more intensive supervision by the Court and appropriate case management by the relevant agencies. The purpose of the list is to have one magistrate dealing with all youth justice matters to allow for consistency of approach and hopefully more time to address issues that are relevant to many young offenders, such as alcohol and drug use, homelessness, illiteracy, education problems and many others.

The Specialised Youth Justice Court approach consolidates the problem-solving justice approach in the Court. The Court acknowledges again the assistance of the Tasmanian Police Service in providing dedicated prosecutors, the Director of Legal Aid for providing dedicated legal practitioners, and all those government and non-government bodies who have assisted in building a team approach which should lead to better outcomes for young offenders.

Court User GroupsThe Court has established Court User Groups in each of the permanent court locations in Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie. The concept of ‘Court User Groups’ had been discussed at previous Tasmanian Magistrates Conferences and had received widespread support from magistrates in terms of strengthening the Court’s consultative processes with a range of court users, including the legal profession and a range of court support agencies.

The Court User Groups assist with feedback on the operation of the courts and provide useful input which can be included in the Court’s strategic planning processes. Regional and relatively informal consultation processes with key stakeholders are also likely to improve the Court’s service delivery, and the status and reputation of the Court within the broader community. The establishment of the user groups builds on the Court’s goals of community engagement and continuous improvement. A wide range of organisations considered major stakeholders of the Court are invited including the:

Law Society of Tasmania


Tasmanian Bar AssociationTasmania PoliceCommunity Corrections Legal Aid CommissionVictims Support ServiceDisability, Child, Youth and Family Services (DHHS), incorporating Child Protection Services and Youth Justice ServicesStatewide Mental Health Services (DHHS)Community Legal Centres

Court User Group meetings were held across the State again in this reporting period and continue to assist in better service provision to court stakeholders.

Criminal & General Division Legislation Drafting of a new suite of legislation governing the procedures applicable to the Court’s criminal and general jurisdiction continued during the reporting period. The proposed Magistrates Court (Criminal & General Division) legislative package will result in:

a new Magistrates Court (Criminal & General Division) Act

a new Magistrates Court (Criminal & General Division) Rules

a new Magistrates Court (Criminal & General Division) Fees Regulations

a new Restraint Orders Act

consequential amendments to the Justices Act 1959, the Magistrates Court Act 1987, the Supreme Court (Civil Procedure) Act 1932 and other court-related legislation

The Court’s ability to manage the resolution of cases in a timely manner is dependent on the legislative framework governing the Court’s processes. The current framework is provided by the Justices Act 1959. The proposed new legislation is expected to help to expedite the criminal litigation process while protecting fundamental rights to access to justice and a fair trial.

The proposed Bill includes provisions for early prosecution disclosure, earlier entry of pleas, fewer adjournments, facilitating the summoning of police officers as witnesses, shorter preliminary proceedings on serious indictable charges, and straightforward methods of evidence presentation.

The legislative package will propose a number of initiatives, including:

new case management procedures, standards, and sentence indication powers designed to promote the just and efficient determination of matters

a new prosecution and defence disclosure framework for disclosure of prosecution evidence and some defences

a new way of commencing criminal proceedings via a “court attendance notice” instead of a “charge sheet” or Complaint

new contempt of court powers and increased powers for the Court to control its own process

increased property value thresholds for matters that may be dealt with summarily in the Magistrates Court

a clear and contemporary scale of legal costs

Whilst it has been a long running project I am confident that a draft Bill will be available for comment and consultation with stakeholders in the near future. When implemented I am certain that it will deliver a more modern and efficient process in the Magistrates Court for those who use the Court’s services.

IT & Technology The Court’s video-conference facilities increase the community’s access to justice for witnesses and defendants in custody to attend court by video link from any location in Tasmania, interstate or overseas. Video-conferencing substantially reduces the cost of adducing evidence from witnesses residing interstate and overseas. The facilities use large screens installed for evidence presentation. All persons present in court are able to see and hear these witnesses. Provision has also been made for vulnerable witnesses to give their evidence remotely from a protected witness room in the court building or elsewhere, and the entire video conference system has been integrated into the Court’s digital audio recording system.

During the reporting period a significant project was undertaken to replace the Court’s digital audio recording system in court rooms in Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie to ensure that all court proceedings are accurately and reliably recorded. A related project was also undertaken to upgrade and replace hearing loops in court rooms to improve accessibility for court users with hearing impairments.

A redesign of the Magistrates Court website has been undertaken. Phase one resulted in improved display and access to daily courts lists particularly on mobile phones and tablet electronic devices. Phase two of the project will see improvements to content and the way information is presented to make it clearer and more accessible to court users.

Legal Education InitiativesDuring the reporting year, magistrates and court officers were engaged in a range of legal education programs that are aimed at improving the understanding of the justice system for a number of groups, such as young lawyers, prosecutors, probation officers, Justices of the Peace, legal studies students, school and community groups.

Legal Practice CourseSince 1997, the Hobart Magistrates have been delivering lectures, and supervising practical courtroom exercises, for university law graduates who are enrolled in the six month Legal Practice Course. This is conducted between February and August each year.

The sessions are supervised by the Court’s Criminal Law Practice and Advocacy unit. Magistrates convene mock courts for two to three hours every week after court adjourns in the afternoon to introduce law graduates to the court room environment in preparation for when they commence legal practice. The graduates prepare and deliver applications, make submissions, deliver pleas in mitigation, and conduct minor contested hearings. The magistrates provide feedback to the trainees on their delivery, content, and advocacy skills. The exercises form part of the assessment for the unit. Based on feedback from course participants, the Criminal Law Practice and Advocacy unit is considered to be one of the most practical units studied by the trainees as the Magistrates Court is the jurisdiction in which most junior lawyers are likely to practice in the early years of their professional life.

CourtWatchAs part of the Legal Practice Course each year, the Magistrates Court host trainees for a day as part of our CourtWatch program. On a succession of days over a two week period, small groups of trainees are shown the practices and procedures of the Court in both its administrative and judicial functions so they will be better equipped to comply with the challenges of legal practice.

Sentencing WorkshopsSentencing Workshops were originally developed in 2002 as a joint initiative of the Magistrates Court, the Supreme Court, Legal Aid Commission of Tasmania, Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Department of Police and Emergency Management, the Neighbourhood Watch Association, and the Crime Prevention and Community Safety Council. Information about the sentencing workshops can be found at the Sentencing Law in Tasmania website.

Over a number of years, magistrates and officers of the Magistrates Court of Tasmania have conducted numerous sentencing workshops around the State to explain the sentencing process and sentencing principles. Participants in the workshops are then invited to apply the principles to fictitious cases drawn from a sample that occurs on a daily basis in the Magistrates Court.

The workshops have been very well received, and have resulted in a better understanding of the complex task of sentencing, including matters taken into consideration, and the weight to be attached to the wide range of factors relevant to sentencing. The workshops now form a permanent feature of the Court’s strategic plan.

http://www.courtlists.tas.gov.au/Sentencing/

Web-Publication of Magistrates’ DecisionsMost decisions in the Magistrates Court are delivered orally due to the large volume of matters which are dealt with. An increasing number of magistrates’ written decisions and coroners’ findings are available on the internet for access by legal practitioners and other interested persons.

Disability Access to ServicesThe Department of Justice is developing a new Disability Access and Inclusion Plan Communication Strategy and has formed a Disability Working Group which includes a representative from the Magistrates Court. The Magistrates Court is participating in the Disability Working Group to examine and improve physical access to court buildings and better access to information and services.

Court Support ServicesI acknowledge and thank the range of court support services which are provided, often on a voluntary basis, to assist clients who are having difficulty in understanding the Court process or accessing legal advice or representation.

This year in particular I acknowledge the work of the Law Society of Tasmania, Centre for Legal Studies, and Legal Aid Commission of Tasmania (LACT) regarding the commencement in October of a trial a new duty lawyer service. The service provides assistance to applicants, defendants and respondents who are appearing in the Magistrates Court. Despite the relatively short period during which the service has been operating, I believe it has significantly contributed to the efficiency and effectiveness of the Court in providing access to justice to those who would otherwise have been unrepresented.

Salvation Army - Court and Prison ChaplaincyA Salvation Army Chaplain attends court on a regular basis to offer help and support through the Court process to offenders, their families, victims, and witnesses. This service also can be important as a referral service to other programs such as:

personal development programs alcohol and drug programs housing and homeless services aged care assistance women's domestic violence services financial counselling.

http://www.magistratescourt.tas.gov.au/for_lawyers/decisions

Migrant Resource Centre The Migrant Resource Centre assists humanitarian migrants who have entered Tasmania in the last five years when they are involved with the Court system. The Migrant Resource Centre provides the following case management support services:

support and advocacy for people proceeding through the justice system

point of liaison between Police, Courts, Legal Aid, Department of Justice, Corrective Services and clients

support for clients to report incidents to the Police and the Office of the Anti- Discrimination Commissioner

education and awareness raising on legal issues for clients capacity building for services who work with culturally and

linguistically diverse community members referrals to relevant agencies within the justice system such as

Legal Aid, Hobart Community Legal Service, Women's Legal Service, etc

Referrals to other relevant government and non-government agencies

The case management services ensure clients proceeding through the justice system, understand information relating to their legal matters and are treated with cultural sensitivity.

Save the ChildrenThe 'Supporting Young People on Bail' Program commenced in May 2011 in the Magistrates Court (Youth Justice Division) in Hobart. An initiative of Save the Children Fund (Australia), the program assists young people, not subject to other court orders, while they are on bail. This program has helped numerous young persons while on bail to not reoffend.

Provision has been made for an interview room at the Hobart Magistrates Court for a Youth Worker from Save the Children to interview the young person and develop a Bail Support Plan. The plan is designed to identify the recreational, educational and vocational/employment goals and aspirations of the young person. The Bail Plan is presented to the magistrate in court, and progress on the plan is reported at subsequent appearances.

There are four referral streams to Save the Children - the Specialist Youth Justice Magistrate, Youth Justice (DHHS), a Youth Worker identifying a young person in court, or the Police (Early Intervention Unit).

Baptcare and Mission AustraliaOther services that actively engage with the Youth Justice Court are Baptcare and Mission Australia offering assistance and support to young people with a range of needs, such as homelessness, alcohol and drug problems, education and training, family breakdown, and mental illness.

Community Legal ServicesIn each region of the State the Court is assisted by the various Community Legal Services. The Hobart Community Legal Service has offices in Hobart and Bridgewater. Along with the provision of free legal advice, the HCLS operates the Volunteer Court Support Scheme. In Launceston the Launceston Community Legal Centre provides free legal advice and referral to Legal Aid and private practitioners. In Burnie and Devonport the North West Community Legal Centre Inc. provides a similar service. All these organisations assist the Court greatly in preparing parties on how the Court process operates and what is expected to happen in the court room.

Coronial DivisionThe jurisdiction and operation of the Coronial Division is set out in the Coroners Act 1995 and the Coroners Rules 2006. This report is submitted pursuant to section 69 of the Coroners Act 1995.

Coroners have the power to investigate reportable deaths, fires and explosions. Reportable deaths are primarily those that are sudden, unnatural, unexpected or suspicious. Coroners are also empowered to make recommendations and comment for the purpose of prevention of future deaths.

Coroner Olivia McTaggart continued her role as the Chief Magistrate’s delegate and full-time coroner. Coroners Simon Cooper, Rod Chandler and Duncan Fairley also undertook significant coronial duties. Coroner Stephen Carey retired after 10 years work as a coroner. I thank him for his service in the Division.

I thank the many organisations involved in assisting the work of the Coronial Division. I am appreciative of the work of the Clerk and Manager of the Division, Wayne Johnson and Victor Stojcevski respectively. I acknowledge the crucial role of the State Forensic Pathologist, Dr Chris Lawrence, and his team of forensic pathologists. I also acknowledge the vital support of Tasmania Police, including the many officers of Tasmania Police who assist the coroners in their investigations.

During the reporting period, the Coronial Division became fully established in new premises within the Hobart Magistrates Court building. The consolidation of premises has proven beneficial for efficient case management and communication between all involved in the Division. Currently, plans are underway for the Northern Coroner’s Office to be imminently relocated into the Magistrates Court premises in Launceston.

Deaths in CustodyAs required by section 69(2)(a) of the Act, I advise that during the reporting period there were three deaths reported where the deceased died in custody (as defined in section 3 of the Act). These deaths are the subject of an inquest that have occupied 18 hearing days during the reporting period. The inquest is examining the circumstances of the individual deaths and, pursuant to the coroner’s obligation, is hearing evidence relating to the care, supervision and treatment of the deceased whilst in prison. The issues examined at inquest include systems for the safe transportation of prisoners, medical treatment and psychiatric assessments of prisoners, and responses to prison medical emergencies.

Deaths in Care

During the reporting period there were two deaths reported of persons held “in care” as defined in section 3 of the Act. Additionally, during the reporting period two inquests were completed in relation to two further deaths in care from previous reporting periods. The de-identified findings have been published on the Magistrates Court website.

Other inquests and findingsAll findings and recommendations considered by Coroners to be of public interest are published on the Magistrates Court website.

During the reporting period, some inquests and findings of significance are as follows:

Lucille Gaye Butterworth: Long-term missing person - precise medical cause of death unknown - homicide - referred to the Attorney-General - person of interest.

Tony Zachary Harras aka Judah Zachariah Reuben Wolfe Mattathyahu: Long-term missing person - precise medical cause of death unknown – homicide.

Jayden Craig Field: Exiting a moving taxi - death by severe head injury - recommendations on: pre-paid fares and taxi cameras - comments on: alcohol consumption by youth and risk-taking behaviour.

Aidan Andrew Dawson: Family violence - death of partner by stab wound -recommendations on: amendments to Police Family Violence Manual, audit of police responses to relevant family violence incidents, amendments to the Police Family Violence Management System.

John Ernest Mansell: Targa Tasmania Rally - death by injuries sustained in a motor vehicle crash - recommendations on: safety regulations, alcohol testing, safety assessors, safety equipment.

Joint Inquest into Youth Suicide: Findings for each of six de-identified children - wide ranging recommendations on youth mental health and suicide prevention.

General In November 2015, Coroner McTaggart, as president of the Asia Pacific Coroners Society, hosted the Society’s successful annual conference in Hobart.

During the reporting period, the Coronial Division was awarded a generous grant from the Law Foundation to produce a Coronial Practice Handbook for legal and community education, and enhancement of access to justice. The completed Handbook was launched on 27 October 2016.

http://www.magistratescourt.tas.gov.au/about_us/coroners/coronial_findings

Court Statistics

List of TablesTABLE 1 - CRIMINAL (ADULTS) - MATTERS LODGED 2012-2016......................................................................24TABLE 2 - FAMILY VIOLENCE ORDER APPLICATIONS LODGED 2012-2016...........................................................25TABLE 3 - RESTRAINT ORDER APPLICATIONS LODGED 2012-2016....................................................................25TABLE 4 - CRIMINAL & GENERAL DIVISION - APPLICATIONS - MISCELLANEOUS FILED 2012-2016..........................26TABLE 5 - CRIMINAL (YOUTH JUSTICE) - MATTERS LODGED 2012-2016...........................................................27TABLE 6 - CIVIL CASES LODGED 2012-2016.................................................................................................28TABLE 7 - ENFORCEMENT PROCESS FOR CIVIL DEBT RECOVERY CASES 2012-2016................................................28TABLE 8 - CHILD PROTECTION - APPLICATIONS LODGED 2012-2016.................................................................29TABLE 9 - CORONIAL - SUMMARY OF CORONIAL ACTIVITY 2012-2016..............................................................30TABLE 10 - CORONIAL - INQUESTS & INVESTIGATIONS COMPLETED 2012-2016.................................................30TABLE 11 - CORONIAL – MOTOR VEHICLE FATALITIES - INQUESTS & INVESTIGATIONS COMPLETED - 2012-2016......30TABLE 12 - CORONIAL – SELF-INFLICTED DEATHS CLOSED – BY METHOD - 2012-2016........................................31TABLE 13 - APPLICATIONS RECEIVED 2012-2016..........................................................................................31TABLE 14 - OUTCOMES OF APPLICATIONS 2012-2016...................................................................................31TABLE 15 - ACTS GIVING RISE TO APPEALS 2012-2016..................................................................................32TABLE 16 - MINING TRIBUNAL MATTERS LODGED 2012-2016.........................................................................33TABLE 17 - BACKLOG INDICATOR, THE NUMBER AND PROPORTION OF PENDING CASELOAD LODGEMENTS IN EXCESS OF

TIMELINESS STANDARDS 2014-2016...................................................................................................34TABLE 18 - CLEARANCE RATE % (FINALISATIONS/LODGEMENTS)........................................................................35TABLE 19 - ATTENDANCE INDICATOR 2011-2016.........................................................................................35TABLE 20 - EXPENDITURE BY OUTLAY - MAGISTRATES COURT SERVICES..............................................................36

Court StatisticsCriminal & General Division

Table 1 sets out the volume of criminal cases involving adults lodged during the reporting year. The data has been extracted from the Criminal Registry Information Management Enquiry System (CRIMES), and reports by offence category as defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Australian Standard Offence Classification (ASOC)1.

Table 1 - Criminal (Adults) - Matters lodged 2012-2016

Principal Offence1, 22012-

132013-

142014-

152015-

16Homicide and related offences 8 14 12 12

Acts Intended To Cause Injury 1,817 1,898 1,929 2,107

Sexual Assault And Related Offences

97 137 111 134

Dangerous Or Negligent Acts Endangering Persons

610 558 563 514

Abduction, Harassment And Other Offences Against The Person

7 2 8 5

Robbery, Extortion And Related Offences

74 54 56 44

Unlawful Entry With Intent/Burglary, Break And Enter

479 428 453 451

Theft And Related Offences 1,384 1,390 1,490 1,489

Fraud, Deception And RelatedOffences

342 307 369 373

Illicit Drug Offences 965 886 1,036 1,005

Prohibited And Regulated Weapons And Explosives Offences

222 235 252 320

Property Damage And Environmental Pollution

427 405 380 429

Public Order Offences 1,005 905 740 747

Traffic And Vehicle Regulatory Offences

6,861 6,917 8,057 8,253

Offences Against Justice Procedures, Government Security And Government Operations

1,428 1,350 1,416 1,655

Miscellaneous Offences 151 153 144 126

Breaches of bail, suspended sentences, community service orders, probation 3, 4

3,395 3,279 3,709 4,248

TOTAL 19,272 18,918 20,725 21,9121. The data in this year’s Annual Report is coded according to the Australian & New Zealand Standard

Offence Coding system (ANZSOC).2. The data in this year’s Annual Report adopts the counting rules for the Report on Government

Services on criminal lodgements which, in addition to counting single criminal lodgements, also counts as a single unit multiple complaints filed against a single defendant on the same day. The rationale for such a counting rule is that multiple charges filed on the same day will usually relate to an episode of offending behaviour that is likely to be heard and determined by the Court as a single unit of work.

3. The counting rules for the Report on Government Services on criminal lodgements exclude related applications and complaints lodged for breaches of court orders.

4. A review of the data collected by the Magistrates Court has led to amendments to corresponding data collect in earlier years.

Family Violence Orders

Table 2 shows the number of matters involving family violence orders lodged with the Court during the reporting year. The Table does not include family violence offences, which are included in Table 1 above, and does not include applications for Police Family Violence orders.

Table 2 - Family Violence Order Applications lodged 2012-2016

Application Type2012-

132013-

142014-

152015-

16to extend Police Family Violence Order 15 16 10 21to revoke Police Family Violence Order 43 58 46 49to vary Police Family Violence Order 77 85 115 110

for grant of Family Violence Order 486 565 532 669to extend Family Violence Order 25 29 35 33to revoke Family Violence Order 10 31 22 42to vary Family Violence Order 93 83 128 175to register interstate Family Violence Order 7 17 21 30TOTAL 756 884 909 1,129

Restraint Orders

Table 3 shows the number of restraint order applications lodged with the Court.

Table 3 - Restraint Order Applications lodged 2012-20165

Application Type2012-

132013-

142014-

152015-

165 A review of the data collected for this Table has led to amendments to the data in earlier years to ensure accurate comparisons

Application for grant of Restraint Order 1,184 1,057 1,148 1,063Application to extend Restraint Order 29 20 21 14Application to revoke Restraint Order 28 25 24 26Application to vary Restraint Order 29 31 30 32

TOTAL 1,270 1,133 1,223 1,135

Applications

During the reporting year, the Court heard a range of applications. Some of the more frequently made applications are listed in Table 4 below.

Table 4 - Criminal & General Division - Applications - Miscellaneous Filed 2012-20166

Application Type Legislation2012

-2013

2013-

2014

2014-

2015

2015-

2016

Application for Bail Bail Act 1994 61 129 104 125

Application to vary Bail Bail Act 1994 345 316 280 358

Preliminary proceedings order by Supreme Court

Justices Rules 2003 141 104 101 98

Application to set aside conviction and penalty

Justices Rules 2003 43 25 38 20

Application to have conviction set aside or total penalty varied

Monetary Penalties Enforcement Act 2005

171 126 111 148

Other applications under Sentencing Act

Sentencing Act 1997 230 230 121 141

Other applications under Youth Justice Act

Youth Justice Act 1997 35 54 46 42

Other miscellaneous applications

491 486 467 486

6 A review of the data collected for this Table has led to amendments to the data in earlier years to ensure better and more accurate comparisons

Drug Treatment Order review

Sentencing Act 1997 78 63 55 87

Restricted Driver Licence Application

Vehicle & Traffic Act 1999 623 481 604 599

TOTAL2,21

82,01

41,92

72,10

4

Youth Justice Division

Table 5 shows the number of criminal matters dealt with in the Court’s Youth Justice Division during the current and previous reporting years. The Youth Justice Division has jurisdiction to hear and determine offences alleged to have been committed by a person aged under 18 years at the date of the offence.

Table 5 - Criminal (Youth Justice) 7 - Matters lodged 2012-2016

Principal Offence 8 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Homicide and related offences 0 2 0 1Acts Intended To Cause Injury 227 226 199 193Sexual Assault And Related Offences 13 15 7 14Dangerous Or Negligent Acts Endangering Persons 65 46 45 47Abduction, Harassment And Other Offences Against The Person 1 1 0 0Robbery, Extortion And Related Offences 45 13 24 16Unlawful Entry With Intent/Burglary, Break And Enter 197 174 165 122Theft And Related Offences 390 326 280 275Fraud, Deception And Related Offences 25 21 17 11Illicit Drug Offences 31 28 31 43Prohibited And Regulated Weapons And Explosives Offences 15 8 18 13Property Damage And Environmental Pollution 144 74 98 74Public Order Offences 116 89 85 73Traffic And Vehicle Regulatory Offences 227 212 202 175Offences Against Justice Procedures, Government Security And Government Operations

90 65 46 45

Miscellaneous Offences 16 7 16 7Breaches of bail, suspended sentences, community service orders, probation 9 661 476 231 222

TOTAL 2,263 1,783 1,464 1,331

7 The data in this year’s Annual Report is coded according to the Australian & New Zealand Standard Offence Coding system (ANZSOC). A review of the data collected for this Table has led to amendments to the data in earlier years to ensure better and more accurate comparisons8 The data in this year’s Annual Report adopts the counting rules for the Report on Government Services on criminal lodgements which, in addition to counting single criminal lodgements, also counts as a single unit multiple complaints filed against a single Defendant on the same day. The rationale for such a counting rule is that multiple charges filed on the same day will usually relate to an episode of offending behaviour that is likely to be heard and determined by the Court as a single unit of work. 9 The counting rules for the Report on Government Services on criminal lodgements exclude related applications and complaints lodged for breaches of court orders.

Civil Division

Table 6 is a comparison of the major types of civil claims lodged with the Court.

Table 6 - Civil cases lodged 2012-2016

Nature of Case 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Minor civil cases (to $5,000) 4,147 3,540 3,061 2,755Civil cases (to $50,000) 1,179 1,084 911 847Residential tenancy 475 461 457 476Other 4 0 5 5

Total 5,805 5,085 4,434 4,083Source: Civil Registry Management System

Table 7 sets out the volume of debt recovery matters in which a Judgment Creditor proceeded to enforcement of the Judgment.

Table 7 - Enforcement process for civil debt recovery cases 2012-2016

Enforcement Process 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Warrant to Sell Property 1,146 1182 938 894Garnishees 1,080 701 615 309Judgment Summons 142 90 61 41Oral Examination 120 84 70 51Warrant of Possession 48 51 56 61

Total 2,536 2,108 1,740 1,356Source: Civil Registry Management System

Child Protection

Table 8 - Child Protection - Applications Lodged 2012-2016

Application Type 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Application for Warrant to Take Child to Place of Safety 66 27 43 45

Application for Assessment Order 178 109 97 127

Application for further Assessment Order s22(5) 45 39 49 46

Application for further Assessment Order s22(5)(b) 53 10 5 7

Application for Care & Protection Order (12 months) s42

169 157 159 183

Care and Protection Order granting custody of child to the Secretary s42(4)(b)

80 36 33 27

Application for Care and Protection (Guardianship Order) s42(4)(c)

25 11 19 19

Application for Care & Protection order (until attains 18 years) s42(4)(d)

109 72 81 102

Application for extension of Care & Protection Order s44(1) 95 79 56 107

Application for revocation of a care & protection order 26 19 19 13

Application for variation of a care & protection order 83 94 72 63

Other applications under Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1997

41 37 26 24

TOTAL 970 690 659 763

Coronial Division

Table 9 - Coronial - Summary of coronial activity 2012-2016

Description 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Deaths reported to the Coroner 555 581 542 568Fires/Explosions reported to the Coroner

0 0 0 0

Number of inquests held 7 5 10 11Number of cases closed 450 536 489 494Deaths in custody or care 4 6 8 8

Table 10 - Coronial - Inquests & Investigations Completed 2012-2016

Description 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Aircraft 0 1 1 0Death in Custody/Care 5 7 4 3Domestic Accident 0 3 3 4Drowning 11 8 13 13Drug Overdose 19 18 29 23Fall 12 40 31 32Homicide 2 4 2 8Hospital 14 15 17 25House Fire 2 1 0 2Marine Fatality 3 1 2 0Industrial Accident 2 3 2 1Natural 281 317 242 251Other 12 19 16 11SIDS 5 2 4 2Suicide 49 68 71 67Undetermined Causes 16 6 17 11Vehicle Crash 17 23 34 41

450 536 488 494

Table 11 - Coronial – Motor Vehicle Fatalities - Inquests & Investigations completed - 2012-2016

Description 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Driver 10 11 10 22Bystander / Pedestrian 2 6 1 6Passenger 2 2 8 10Bicycle 1 1 3 0Motorcycle 2 3 12 3Motorised Wheel chair 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 17 23 34 41

Table 12 - Coronial – Self-Inflicted Deaths closed – by method - 2012-2016

Description 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Hanging 19 25 32 32Carbon Monoxide 6 6 7 5Drug Overdose 2 12 11 6Burns 0 1 0 2Gunshot 7 8 8 8Drowning 7 4 2 2Jumping 1 2 4 4Other 7 6 7 8

TOTAL 49 64 71 67

Administrative Appeals DivisionTable 13 is a comparison of applications filed over four reporting periods (2012/13 to 2015/16), and Table 14 shows the outcomes of the applications considered.

Table 13 - Applications received 2012-2016

Type of Application 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Review (Appeal) of a reviewable decision - S17

18 43 33 29

Declaration of entitlement to reasons for decision – S15(1)

0 1 0 0

Extension of time to apply for review of decision - S20

0 0 1 0

Other 0 1 0 1

Total 18 45 34 30Source: Civil Registry Management System

Table 14 - Outcomes of applications 2012-2016

Description of Outcome

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Decisions 8 2 6 4Withdrawn 1 6 4 2Pending or listed for Court’s consideration

1 0 0 12

Dismissed 11 5 12 2Reserved for decision 0 0 0 2Settled by Agreement 4 9 3 4Adjourned sine die 5 2 6 4

Other 0 0 0 0


Table 15 - Acts giving rise to appeals 2012-2016

Legislation 2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Dog Control Act 2000 3 14 8 7Firearms Act 1996 5 11 5 10Local Government Act 1993 2 3 5 2Vehicle and Traffic Act 1999 - 5 1 1

Building Act 2000 4 2 1 0Explosives Act 2012 1 0 4 0Vehicle and Traffic Review of Decisions Regulations 2010

1 1 0 1

Food Act 1998 0 0 2 1Security and Investigations Agents Act 2001

0 2 0 3

Crown Lands (Shack Sites) Act 1997 0 2 0 0Property Agents and Land Transactions Act 2005 0 1 0 0Dangerous Substance (Safe Handling) Act 2005 0 0 0 1Taxation Administration Act 1997 0 0 1 0Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995 0 0 0 1Registration to Work with Vulnerable People Act 2013

0 0 1 1

Veterinary Surgeons Act 1987 0 0 1 0

Other 2 4 5 2


Mining Tribunal

Table 16 shows the number of matters lodged with the Tribunal from 2012 to 2016.

Table 16 - Mining Tribunal matters lodged 2012-2016

Description of Outcome

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

2015-16

Referred to Tribunal for hearing

2 3 1 0

Performance IndicatorsA national framework of performance indicators adopted by the Court support the aims of the Court. Key measures used to assess the performance of the Magistrates Court are:

Backlog Indicator - a measure of effectiveness in relation to timeliness and delay

Clearance Rate - an efficiency measure of the inputs per output unit

Attendance Indicator - an effectiveness measure of timeliness and delay.

These measures should be treated as indicative rather than definitive, as the Court does not have total control over the process for adjudicating criminal matters, resolving civil disputes and investigating coronial matters, and consequently other parties may introduce and contribute to delays.

Backlog Indicator

This indicator is a measure of case processing timeliness. This measure has been developed on a national basis as a means of determining the performance of a court.

In the criminal jurisdiction, those defendants who have bench warrants associated with them have been excluded from the count, and in the civil jurisdiction those lodgements that have not been acted upon in the last 12 months have been excluded. The aim has been to focus on those matters that are part of an ‘active pending’ population.

Similarly, the indicator recognises that case processing must take some time and that such time does not necessarily equal delay. Timeliness can be affected by delays caused by factors other than those related to the

workload of the Court (for example, a witness, a party, or counsel not being available or ready to proceed).

The backlog indicator measures the Court’s pending caseload against timeliness standards and the Court’s performance is set out in Table 17.

Table 17 - Backlog indicator, the number and proportion of pending caseload lodgements in excess of timeliness standards 2014-2016

Jurisdictions 2014-15

2015-16

Number

% Number %

Criminal (Adult)Pending caseload (no.)

7,312 7,426

Cases < 6 mths. 4,952 67.7 5,165 69.6Cases > 6 mths < 12 mths.

1,353 18.5 1,294 17.4

Cases > 12 mths. 1,007 13.8 967 13.0

Youth JusticePending caseload (no.)

438 354

Cases < 6 mths. 316 72.1 268 75.7Cases > 6 mths < 12 mths.

69 15.8 39 11.0

Cases > 12 mths. 53 12.1 47 13.3

Child ProtectionPending caseload (no.)

45 58

Cases < 6 mths. 38 84.4 50 86.2Cases > 6 mths < 12 mths.

3 6.7 5 8.6

Cases > 12 mths. 4 8.9 3 5.2

CoronersPending caseload (no.)

518 555

Cases < 12 mths. 346 66.8 378 68.1Cases >12 mths < 24 mths.

107 20.7 132 23.8

Cases > 24 mths. 65 12.5 45 8.1

CivilPending caseload (no.)

3,729 3,557

Cases < 6 mths. 2,092 57.1 2,134 60.0Cases > 6 mths < 12 mths.

1,177 31.7 1,104 28.5

Cases > 12 mths. 460 11.2 409 11.5

Clearance Rate

The clearance rate is an indicator of efficiency in processing the inflow of cases through the Court and has been agreed nationally as a measure of whether a court is keeping up with its workload. The Court’s performance against this measure is set out in Table 18.

The clearance rate is the number of finalisations in the reporting period divided by the number of lodgements in the same period (multiplied by 100 to convert to a percentage).

The following should assist in understanding the clearance rate:

A figure of 100 per cent indicates that, during the reporting period, the Court finalised as many cases as were lodged

A figure greater than 100 per cent means that the pending caseload of the Court is decreasing

A figure less than 100 per cent means that the pending caseload of the Court is increasing

It should be noted that the clearance rate can be affected by external factors, such as the readiness of parties, changes in legislation, and the Court’s case management practices.

Table 18 - Clearance rate % (finalisations/lodgements)

Jurisdictions 2012-13 2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

Magistrates (Adult)Criminal 102.1 94.3 90.4 95.7Civil 104.5 108.9 106.8 104.0

All matters (civil & criminal)

103.3 98.9 96.0 97.8

Children’sCriminal 105.7 97.6 98.9 103.7Civil 112.7 97.5 121.2 100.9

All matters (civil & criminal) 107.2 97.6 103.2 103.0

Coroners 81.1 92.3 90.2 86.8

Attendance index

The Attendance index is based upon the number of court attendances required to resolve a matter has been identified nationally as an appropriate effectiveness measure. At present, this measure is only available in the coronial and criminal jurisdictions and Table 19 shows the Court’s performance against this measure.

The number of attendances is the number of times that parties or their representatives were required to be present in court to be heard by a

judicial officer or mediator/arbitrator (including appointments which were adjourned or rescheduled).

This year’s Report presents the total number of finalisations during the year and the number of attendances associated with these matters (no matter when the attendance occurred). This approach simply represents an average number of attendances per finalisation.

In the context of the attendance indicator, it is important to note that Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) can resolve matters out of court and reduce court attendances.

Table 19 - Attendance indicator 2011-2016Average listings - per case

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

2015-16

Criminal:- Magistrates (Adult) 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.3 - Children’s (Youth Justice) 5.2 5.7 5.8 5.2Coroners: 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4

Court FinancesThe Magistrates Court contributes to the Department of Justice output entitled ‘Administration of Justice’. The Court’s expenditure is set out in Table 20 below.

The totals include expenditure from the Consolidated Revenue Fund and Reserve By Law.

Table 20 - Expenditure by outlay - Magistrates Court Services2012-13Actual

2013-14Actual

2014-15Actual

2015-16Actual

$’000 $,000 $,000 $'000

511 - Salaries of magistrates and staff 8,427 8,585 8,589 8,664

512 - Other Employee Related Expenses 224 182 225 274

522 - Information Technology 230 250 280 290

523 - Materials Supplies & Equipment 142 102 105 121

524 - Travel and Transport 288 291 268 273

525 - Property Expenses 1,583 1,567 1,565 1,639

528 – Other Expenditure 1,094 762 374 510

529 - Consultants 11 4 8 21

TOTAL 11,999 11,743 11,414 11,792

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