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IUGG Annual Report 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3

GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................. 5

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT .................................................................................................. 9

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL ......................................................................... 10

IUGG ACTIVITIES ............................................................................................................................... 11

ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION ASSOCIATIONS ............................................................................. 45

International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) ................................................................. 46

International Association of Geodesy (IAG) ........................................................................................ 50

International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) .................................................. 54

International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) ............................................................... 58

International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) ................................ 61

International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) ....................................... 64

International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI) ...................... 67

International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) .............. 70

ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION COMMISSIONS .............................................................................. 74

Commission on Climate and Environmental Change (CCEC) ............................................................ 74

Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) ............................................................................. 79

Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC) .............................................................. 81

Commission on the Study of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI) ........................................................... 84

Commission for Data and Information (UCDI) ................................................................................... 86

Working Group on History (WGH) ..................................................................................................... 89

THE INTER-UNIONS COMMISSION: International Lithosphere Program (ILP) ...................... 91

IUGG FINANCIAL REPORT .............................................................................................................. 94

Status of IUGG Members (Jan. 1, 2014) .............................................................................................. 99

ADDITIONAL UNION MATTERS ................................................................................................... 100

Awards and Honors ............................................................................................................................ 100

Obituaries ........................................................................................................................................... 103

LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ 105

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5

GENERAL INFORMATION MEMBERSHIP By their very nature, geodetic and geophysical studies require a high degree of international co-operation. IUGG is critically dependent on the scientific and financial support of its member Adhering Bodies. The list of present and past IUGG Adhering Bodies is published in the IUGG Yearbook and posted on the web site. Each Adhering Body establishes a National Committee for IUGG, and names Correspondents to each Association (as appropriate). During 2014, the Union had 69 Member Adhering Bodies. Several members were in observer status because they were in arrears of dues payment. Seven Adhering Bodies were in Associate Member status. New member country applications are being actively encouraged. STRUCTURE Responsibility for directing the Union's affairs is vested in the IUGG Council by the Statutes and Bylaws. The IUGG Council consists of the Council Delegates, who are designated by the Adhering Body of their respective countries as their representatives for each Council meeting. The Council is convened at each quadrennial General Assembly. A Bureau, an Executive Committee and a Finance Committee administer IUGG affairs between Council meetings. The Executive Committee has the particular responsibility of overseeing the scientific programs of the Union. There is a permanent IUGG Secretariat located at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Potsdam, Germany. Associations The Union brings together eight semi-autonomous Associations, each responsible for a specific range of topics or themes within the overall scope of the Union's activities and each with a sub-structure. The Associations convene their own assemblies and sponsor scientific symposia, often in partnership with one another. Within its own discipline each Association is responsible for determining its own program of investigations and for supporting the activities of its own component parts. All Earth scientists, worldwide, are eligible to participate in IUGG and Association assemblies, workshops, and symposia, although only scientists from member countries with dues paid may serve as officers. The eight International Associations are listed below, and short reports on their 2014 activities are included here. Additional information about each Association is given on their web sites, which can be accessed from the IUGG website. International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) International Association of Geodesy (IAG) International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI)

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Union Commissions Owing to the interactive nature of the subject fields addressed by the Union's Associations, a number of Union Commissions have been established that promote the study of particular interdisciplinary problems. In 2014, the following bodies were active: Commission on Climatic and Environmental Changes (CCEC) Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC) Commission on the Study of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI) Commission for Data and Information (UCDI) Working Group on History (WGH)

Inter-Unions Commission The International Lithosphere Program, guided by the Scientific Committee on the Lithosphere (SCL), was established in 1980 as the Inter-Unions Commission on the Lithosphere (ICL) by the International Council for Science (ICSU), at the request of IUGG and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The name was formally changed to the Scientific Committee on the Lithosphere in 1999. According to Decision 8.4 from the 2005 ICSU General Assembly, ICSU decided "to withdraw ICSU sponsorship from SCL/ILP and to recommend that responsibility would then shift to IUGG and IUGS.” Since that time, IUGG and IUGS have reaffirmed the ILP mission and have collaborated to re-define ILP as an Inter-Unions body. GENERAL ASSEMBLIES OF THE UNION General Assemblies have been held since 1922 and, since 1963, at 4-year intervals. These assemblies provide an extraordinary opportunity for Earth scientists from around the world to gather and share expertise, research data, and results. Past IUGG General Assemblies are listed in the IUGG Yearbook and on the web site. The most recent General Assembly was held in Melbourne, Australia, 27 June-8 July 2011. The next IUGG General Assembly will take place in Prague, Czech Republic, 22 June-2 July 2015. OTHER SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS Each Association organizes its own scientific assembly in the 4-year interval between Union General Assemblies in order to report scientific progress and conduct Association business. Associations sometimes meet jointly with the purpose of promoting interdisciplinary science. Topical and regional symposia and workshops are organized on other occasions by the Associations to provide opportunity for geodesists and geophysicists worldwide to discuss their respective methodologies, results and hypotheses and to plan collaborative research projects. The symposia, often held in less-visited, geophysically interesting locales, are intended to be attractive to the younger scientists from the developing countries of the world. PUBLICATIONS The IUGG publishes an annual Yearbook that lists the organizational structure and officers of each body within the Union. The Yearbook is posted on the IUGG website: http://www.iugg.org/publications/yearbooks/. The Union also distributes an electronic newsletter (the IUGG E-Journal) monthly to Adhering Bodies and National Committees. Each Association manages its own publications.

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IUGG OFFICERS FOR 2011-2015 IUGG Bureau

President: Harsh Gupta INDIA Vice-President: Michael Sideris CANADA Secretary General: Alik Ismail-Zadeh GERMANY/RUSSIA Treasurer: Aksel Hansen DENMARK Members: Isabelle Ansorge SOUTH AFRICA Pierre Hubert FRANCE Kenji Satake JAPAN IUGG Executive Committee

IUGG Bureau members Immediate Past President: Tom Beer AUSTRALIA IACS President: Charles Fierz

Ian Allison (until July 2013) SWITZERLAND AUSTRALIA

IAG President: Chris Rizos AUSTRALIA IAGA President: Kathy Whaler UK IAHS President: Hubert Savenije

Gordon Young (until July 2013) THE NETHERLANDS CANADA

IAMAS President: Athéna Coustenis FRANCE IAPSO President: Eugene Morozov RUSSIA IASPEI President: Domenico Giardini SWITZERLAND IAVCEI President: Ray Cas AUSTRALIA IUGG Finance Committee

Chair: David Collins UK Members: Zoltan Hajnal CANADA Jan Krynski POLAND David Rhoades NEW ZEALAND Association Presidents and Secretaries General International Association of Cryospheric Sciences

President: Charles Fierz Ian Allison (until July 2013)

SWITZERLAND AUSTRALIA

Secretary General: Andrew Mackintosh NEW ZEALAND International Association of Geodesy

President: Chris Rizos AUSTRALIA Secretary General: Hermann Drewes GERMANY International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy

President: Kathy Whaler UK Secretary General: Mioara Mandea FRANCE International Association of Hydrological Sciences

President: Hubert Savenije Gordon Young (until July 2013)

THE NETHERLANDS CANADA

Secretary General: Christophe Cudennec FRANCE

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International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences

President: Athéna Coustenis FRANCE Secretary General: Hans Volkert GERMANY

International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans

President: Eugene Morozov RUSSIA Secretary General: Johan Rodhe SWEDEN International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior

President: Domenico Giardini SWITZERLAND Secretary General: Peter Suhadolc ITALY International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior

President: Ray Cas AUSTRALIA Secretary General: Joan Martí SPAIN Union Commission Officers Union Commission on Climatic and Environmental Changes (CCEC)

President: Tom Beer AUSTRALIA Secretary: Keith Alverson USA

Union Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG)

President: Yehuda Ben-Zion USA Secretary: Ilya Zaliapin

Claudia Pasquero (until July 2013)

USA ITALY

Union Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GRC)

President: Kuniyoshi Takeuchi JAPAN Secretary: Diana Greenslade AUSTRALIA

Union Commission on Studies of Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI)

President: Satoru Tanaka JAPAN Secretary: Michael Bergman USA

Union Commission for Data and Information (UCDI)

President: Peter Fox USA Secretary: Adelina Geyer SPAIN Inter-Unions Commission: International Lithosphere Program (ILP) President: Sierd Cloetingh THE NETHERLANDS Secretary: Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth GERMANY IUGG BUSINESS MEETINGS The IUGG Bureau meeting was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 to 12 June 2014. The next IUGG Business meetings will take place during the XXVI IUGG General Assembly in Prague, Czech Republic, from 22 June to 2 July 2015.

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11

IUGG ACTIVITIES

IUGG SECRETARIAT

The office of the IUGG Secretariat moved in 2013 from Karlsruhe to Potsdam and is located now at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (GFZ-Potsdam, http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/research/organizational-units/departments-of-the-gfz/department-1/iugg-secretariat/). The Secretariat is managed by the IUGG Secretary General Dr. A. Ismail-Zadeh and the Assistant Secretary General / Executive Secretary Dr. F. Kuglitsch, with a technical assistance from Mrs. K. Gundrum. IUGG thanks the GFZ-Potsdam for the arrangement and financial support of the Secretariat. The German Research Foundation (DFG) supports the position of the Assistant to Secretary General and support some business trips of the Secretary General. IUGG is very thankful for this generous support from DFG.

IUGG Yearbook for 2014

The 2014 Yearbook has been available at the IUGG website electronically in PDF format since January 2014 (http://www.iugg.org/publications/yearbooks/yearbook2014.pdf). The IUGG web site maintains the directory of Union and Association officials and the archive of IUGG memberships and General Assemblies.

IUGG Annual Report for 2013

The IUGG Annual Report summarizes the activities of the Union, IUGG Associations and Union and Inter-Unions Commissions for 2013. The Annual Report has been posted on the web page: http://www.iugg.org/publications/reports/report2013.pdf. The Annual Report was printed together with the 2014 IUGG Yearbook and mailed to the Adhering Organizations, National Committees, international partners, and major libraries in May 2014.

IUGG Webpage

The IUGG web site http://www.iugg.org, in English and French, was maintained by the IUGG Web-master Dr. D. Krupsky and permanently updated in 2014.

IUGG on Facebook

To learn more about IUGG and to keep individuals updated on Union’s activities, the IUGG Secretariat launched an IUGG Facebook page on 11 October 2013. Everyone is welcome to join IUGG on https://www.facebook.com/InternationalUnionGeodesyGeophysics. The news about the XXVI IUGG General Assembly, 22 June – 2 July 2015, Prague, Czech Republic, are posted on https://www.facebook.com/pages/26th-IUGG-General-Assembly/656937564347023?fref=ts. More than 2,500 people are following IUGG on Facebook.

IUGG Electronic Journal

The E-Journal, an informal newsletter, was published and distributed monthly keeping IUGG Member National Committees informed about the activities of IUGG, its Associations and Commissions, and the actions of the IUGG Secretariat. Also the journal publishes feature articles, news from the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the GeoUnions, news and reports related to IUGG scientific programs and co-sponsored scientific meetings, about awards and honors bestowed on IUGG scientists as well as obituaries, and a meeting calendar (http://www.iugg.org/publications/ejournals/).

IUGG Central Electronic Library (CEL)

A web-based IUGG Central Electronic Library (CEL) for stimulating the exchange of scientific knowledge through (i) archiving, (ii) presenting, and (iii) publishing IUGG-related documents at one

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single platform is under construction. IUGG-related documents include reports, yearbooks, e-journals, newsletters, conference abstracts, oral/poster presentations etc. originating from the IUGG and its Union Associations, Union Commissions, Committees, Liaisons, Research Programs, and Science Education Events. An IUGG CEL should increase the visibility of IUGG activities and will offer a new platform to present and publish scientific output.

IUGG Web-Conferencing Software

The Secretariat adopted a web-conferencing software for the IUGG, which supports real-time communication among IUGG Bureau and Executive Committee Members across geographically dispersed locations through: text-based instant messages, voice and video chat, online presentations, web conferences, and desktop sharing enables participants to increase communication, reduce travel expenses and conserve time, increase productivity, and accelerate the decision-making process. The first teleconference of the IUGG Bureau was successfully conducted in November 2014.

IUGG Exhibition Booth

To further increase the visibility of the IUGG and to promote the IUGG General Assembly 2015, the IUGG Secretariat together with C-IN, the professional conference organizer of the General Assembly, organized an exhibition booth at the EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, the AOGS Annual Meeting 2014, Sapporo, Japan, and the AGU Fall Meeting 2014, San Francisco, USA. The IUGG Brochure has been updated and re-designed. The new brochure can be downloaded from the IUGG website (http://www.iugg.org/about/brochure.pdf).

IUGG VISIONING COMMITTEE RENEWED

The IUGG Bureau decided, during its Annual Meeting 2014, to renew the membership of the IUGG Visioning Committee. With the approval of the IUGG Bureau, President Harsh Gupta appointed the following members of the committee: Chris Rizos (IAG), Australia, Chair of the Committee; Domenico Giardini (IASPEI), Switzerland; Andrew Mackintosh (IACS), New Zealand; Mioara Mandea (IAGA), France; and Franz Kuglitsch (as ex-officio), Germany. The Committee is charged

– develop IUGG strategic plans based on inputs from Union Associations and National Members.

– To manage a visioning process and to prepare periodic reports on the vision plan with a particular emphasis on grand challenges in geophysics and geodesy, involvement of young scientists and women in Union activities, and relationships with external organizations, media and industry.

– To prepare and revise IUGG major statements (e.g. vision, mission, goals, objectives, values etc.) and IUGG special statements on scientific topics related to society (e.g. natural hazards, climate change, geoscience & geotechnology, etc).

– To study the ways in which IUGG operates and formulate ideas on improvement of IUGG activities and structures and on new ways of operation.

– To examine (i) how IUGG science interacts with other geoscience disciplines, (ii) how IUGG science is relevant

IUGG BUSINESS MEETINGS

The IUGG Bureau met in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 10 to 12 June 2014 and was hosted by the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS). On 11-12 June, the Bureau convened its sessions in the plenary hall of the ANAS Institute of Geology and Geophysics. The Bureau considered several important topics related to scientific development and promotion, membership and recognition. The

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reports of the President, Vice President, Secretary General, Treasurer and Executive Secretary were presented and approved. The activities of the Union Commissions, ad-hoc and Standing Union Committees were reviewed, and the memberships of several Standing Committees were renewed. The Bureau considered a proposal to set up an IUGG Outreach Committee and approved the Terms of Reference of the Committee. The Bureau paid special attention to an individual membership issue to compliment National membership, which is actively discussed by the Executive Committee (EC) since the last EC meeting in Prague. The Bureau decided to ask the Associations for their opinion about individual membership answering several basic questions: how would National and Individual memberships complement each other and contribute constructively to IUGG activities? What would be the benefits to IUGG of having individual members and the benefits to individuals of becoming members of IUGG? How would a geoscientist become an individual member of the IUGG, and should individual membership be fee-based or free?

The Bureau also considered (i) the current status and future development of the Grants Programme and Science Education Programme, (ii) Special publication series of IUGG; (iii) a draft Budget for 2016-2019; (iv) updates of the XXVI IUGG General Assembly in Prague; (v) a draft Agenda of the 2015 Council Meeting; (vi) relationships with ICSU, its Committees (including WDS, CODATA, IRDR and others), and Regional Officers; and (vii) cooperation of IUGG with international and intergovernmental organizations. The next meeting of the Bureau is scheduled to be held in Prague on 21 June 2015.

A day before the Bureau meeting, the Azerbaijan National Committee for Geodesy ad Geophysics (ANCGG) and the ANAS Presidium together with IUGG organized the conference “Future Earth, Disaster Risk and Sustainability” held in the historical building (Ismailiyya Palace) of the ANAS Presidium. I. Guliev, ANCGG President and ANAS Vice President, opened the conference. The participants were welcomed by H. Gupta, IUGG President, and A. Ali-Zadeh, ANAS President. G. Babayev, ANCGG Secretary General, presented a report on the recent activity of the National Committee. The official part of the meeting was followed by six lectures delivered by IUGG scientists: The Global Geodetic Observing System and its Applications by M. Sideris (University of Calgary, Canada); Ocean Observations - Opportunities and Challenges by I. Ansorge (University of Cape Town, South Africa); The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and the Lessons We Learned by K. Satake (University of Tokyo, Japan); Kinematics and Deformation of Earth’s Crust of Azerbaijan and Adjacent Territories by F. Gadirov (Institute of Geology and Geophysics, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan); Features of Seismicity in Azerbaijan for 2004-2013 by G. Yetirmishli (Republican Seismic Survey, ANAS, Baku, Azerbaijan); and Potential Space Weather Impacts on Technological and Biological Systems by E. Babayev (The Nasraddin Tusi Shemakha Astrophysical Observatory, ANAS, Shemakha; also, the Azerbaijan Science Foundation, Baku, Azerbaijan).

Preparations for the IUGG General Assembly 2015

The Czech invitation to host the 26th IUGG General Assembly in Prague (22 June – 2 July 2015) was accepted by the IUGG Council in 2011 and subsequently the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) was established to guarantee a successful accomplishment of this commitment. The LOC consists of Vladimir Cermak (Chairman & IUGG Liaison), Petr Holota (Deputy Chairman & News), Eduard Petrovsky (Secretary & Scientific Program), Marta Tuckova (Treasurer), Iva Pelanova (Exhibition & Sponsoring), Vladislav Babuska and Vladislav Rapprich (Scientific field trips), Marcela Svanberkova and Jaroslava Plomerova (Media & Community). The C-IN company, a professional conference organizer, will ensure practical activities required for the successful planning and management of the whole event.

The Agreement between the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Czech National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics and the C-IN company to prepare and organize the IUGG2015 Assembly was signed in February 2013. The Memorandum of Understanding between the IUGG and the LOC to hold the 26th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics was signed in September 2013.

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15

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS OF THE IUGG UNION COMMISSIONS

First Workshop of the IUGG Union Commission on Climatic and Environmental Change (CCEC)

The first workshop of CCEC brought together scientists from Australia, China, Denmark, France, Japan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Turkey, and the United States gathered at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing from 11-12 April 2014 to discuss and examine the ways to strengthen multi-disciplinary research on climatic and environmental changes and to establish a strong link to Future Earth – a new interdisciplinary research program that is being established as a successor to the Earth System Science Partnership (http://www.futureearth.info/). Tom Beer and Jianping Li were the Co-chairs of the Science Program Committee, and Keith Alverson was the Secretary General.

The first day of the workshop concentrated on inter-disciplinary geophysical research activities. Presentations were made by Pingfan Rao, President of the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), Jun Chen, the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) and a Skype presentation by Frans Berkhout, the Executive Director of Future Earth. These global perspectives were complemented by regional perspectives from Guoxiong Wu, Chair of the Chinese Committee of IUGG, and from Tetsuzo Yasunari, a member of the Future Earth Science Committee both of whom focused on Asian perspectives of Future Earth. Serhat Sensoy, a WMO representative, and Keith Alverson, a UNEP representative, pointed out a recent international research Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation - PROVIA (http://www.unep.org/provia/), also sponsored by UNESCO.

The second day of the workshop concentrated on scientific activities that could be used to foster internal linkages between and within the geodetic and geophysical communities. These linkages are relatively straightforward and obvious in relation to meteorology and atmospheric sciences (through climate change) and in relation to the hydrological sciences (through Panta Rhei). It was noted that geodesy is linked to hydrology through satellite missions (such as GRACE) providing data on gravity field, the total radial mass at a given point on the earth’s surface, and the hydrological cycle. Changes in the total liquid water content can thus be accurately deduced – though its partition into surface and ground water remains as a field of enquiry. The participants identified six areas of possible linkages: (i) Climate Extremes and Food (IAMAS/IAVCEI), (ii) East Asia and the Monsoon (IAMAS/IAHS), (iii) Sea Level Rise (IAPSO/IACS), (iv) Space Weather and Sustainability (IAGA / IAMAS), (v) Urban Risks, and (vi) Water Resources (IAHS/IAG).

The workshop was hosted by the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP). It was proposed and generously co-sponsored by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) via CCEC, the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), the National Natural-Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Chinese National Committee for IUGG (CNC-IUGG), the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS), the IAMAS International Commission on Climate (ICCL), and the National Basic research Program of China (973 Program): “Air-Land-Sea interactions in Asia and their role in the global change (ALS)” (2010CB950400). More information is available at: http://www.ccec-iugg.org/ (Jianping Li, CCEC Vice Chair)

SEDI2014 International Symposium

The IUGG Union Commission on the Study of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI) held its 14th SEDI International Symposium in Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa, Japan, from 3 to 8 August 2014. It was successfully organized by a Local Organizing Committee led by Hisayoshi Shimizu (Chair), Masataka Matsushima, Takashi Nakagawa (Program Chair), Masayuki Obayashi, Futoshi Takahashi, Nozomu Takeuchi, and Satoru Tanaka. About 150 participants attended, coming from fourteen different countries (Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Japan, Netherland, Norway, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK and USA). The SEDI symposium was organized by eight sessions led by discussion leaders. Each session had one keynote talk and two shorter more focused talks

16

followed by ample time for discussion of posters and key scientific issues. These eight sessions were: S1: Mantle – Observations; S2: Mantle – Modeling & Dynamics; S3: The Core-Mantle Boundary; S4: Inner Core; S5: Outer Core – Observations; S6: Outer Core – Dynamics; S7: Experiments; and S8: Other Planets.

The Zatman Lecture “Geomagnetic implications of inner core translation” was delivered by Jon Mound (University of Leeds, UK). The Doornbos Prize for outstanding work by earlier career scientist was presented to (i) Nick Schmerr for his cross-disciplinary studies into the detailed natures of seismic discontinuities in the upper mantle, which give new views to mineralogical interpretation and their dynamical relationship with surface tectonic features of the Earth; (ii) Kenji Ohta for his outstanding experimental studies on phase transitions, thermal and electrical conductivities of materials in the lowermost mantle at high temperatures and pressures, which constrain strongly the interpretation of the dynamics of the core-mantle boundary region; and (iii) Binod Sreenivasan for his fundamental contributions to our understanding of vortex dynamics and magnetic field stability in dynamo system and applications to the Earth’s core.

The proceedings of the 2014 SEDI meeting will be handled by the journal Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. A business meeting was also held and attended by most of the participants. After a presentation and discussion, it was agreed that the next 15th SEDI International Symposium will be held in Nantes, France, late July 2016. More information about the symposium and SEDI can be found at the following webpages: http://www.sedigroup.org and http://www.geo.titech.ac.jp/sedi2014 (Satoru Tanaka, Chair; Jonathan Aurnou, Vice-Chair, and Michael Bergman, Secretary-General, SEDI).

The Second GRC Conference

The Second GeoRisk Commission (GRC) Conference on “Improving Geophysical Risk Assessment, Forecasting, and Management” was held at Real Observatorio de Madrid, Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), Madrid, Spain from 18-21 November 2014 hosted by Joan Marti, GRC Member. About 80 participants from over 15 nations participated. A total of 31 keynotes, 4 special speeches and 20 posters were presented and two special discussion panels “The Risk of Extreme geohazards: How prepared is a globally interdependent society?” and “Final discussions” were held.

The six plenary sessions were: 1. Global risks assessment for natural hazards: methods and practices; 2. Modelling and assessment of geophysical hazards; 3. Vulnerability assessment methodologies; 4. Monitoring and early warning systems for geophysical hazards; 5. Decision making models and protocols; 6. Communication protocols and practices. The presentations and discussions were transdisciplinary and of an integrated nature with geo-scientists, engineers, geographers, sociologists, media experts etc.

The conference promoted discussion forums for each of the respective areas and, in particular, interdisciplinary, cross-boundary discussions, and not only short oral presentations in each field. Effective geophysical risk assessment, forecasting, and management requires a true cross boundary between all disciplines and experts involved in such a complex task. The conference put together in the same forum of discussion all the participants at the conference, thus promoting the exchange of knowledge among all them, avoiding too specific groups of discussion without shearing their expertise with the other participants. Each introductory oral session was followed by a general discussion and a poster presentation. Reports included examples such as the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland, rare earthquakes in Spain, emergency responses in remote Canary Island in the Atlantic Ocean, citizen participation in Catalonia, Spain, a game “Kazan” development for disaster education. The guided tour of the Observatory, one of the oldest cosmic observatories in the world, was a superb experience to the participants.

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30th Conference on Mathematical Geophysics

The 30th IUGG Conference on Mathematical Geophysics was held in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, from 2 to 6 June 2014. It is organized by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). IUGG conferences on mathematical geophysics are premier scientific meetings of the IUGG Union Commission on Mathematical Geophysics. The earliest incarnation of the present CMG Committee was as the Working Group on Geophysical Theory and Computers (WGGTC), which was founded by Prof. Vladimir Keilis-Borok. The first conference of the WGGTC was held in Moscow and Leningrad in 1964 and the last in 1971 with intervening meetings held once yearly. Subsequent to 1971 the group was re-structured as the present Commission on Mathematical Geophysics, which has met on a semi-annual basis since that time, beginning with a meeting in Banff (Canada) in 1972. The schedule since 1986 has included the following sequence of major CMG sponsored conferences: Oosterbeek (The Netherlands, 1986), Blanes (Spain, 1988), Jerusalem (Israel, 1990), Taxco (Mexico, 1992), Villefranche (France, 1994), Santa Fe (USA, 1996), Cambridge (UK, 1998), Villefranche sur Mer (France, 2000), Torino (Italy, 2002), New York (USA, 2004), Sea of Galilee (Israel, 2006), Svalbard (Norway, 2008), Pisa (Italy, 2010), and Edinburgh (UK, 2012).

The scientific program of the 2014 Conference included 7 special sessions, including a symposium dedicated to the memory of Prof. Keilis-Borok (the founder of the commission and President of IUGG during 1987-1991) who passed away in October of 2013. Each session featured talks by several invited speakers, as well as contributed talks and posters. There were 18 invited speakers from 9 countries. The total meeting participation was above 80 researchers, postdocs, and students. NSF supported the meeting participation by early-career scientists, providing travel funds for 12 student/postdoc participants. The social program included a day-long field trip to Chichen-Itza, as well as evening performance of local dancers and singers. The meeting web site is: http://eventos.iingen.unam.mx/IUGG2014/

The Special Symposium entitled “Four paradigms in predicting extremes: Legacy of Vladimir I. Keilis-Borok” was held in Merida at the Conference on Mathematical Geophysics and organized by Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), Ilya Zaliapin, University of Nevada Reno (USA), and Yehuda Ben-Zion, University of Southern California (USA). During the 20th century, Vladimir Keilis-Borok has pioneered applications of mathematical, probabilistic, and computer methods in seismology. Vladimir Keilis-Borok has founded the Working Group on Geophysical Theory and Computers (WGGTC), which later had transformed into the IUGG Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG). Alik Ismail-Zadeh (KIT, Germany) opened the Special Symposium highlighting the life and work of Prof. Keilis-Borok. The following invited speakers gave the presentations at the symposium: Maxim Arnold (Illinois University, USA). Lagrangian coordinates for the mass points of planar Burgers equation; Andrei Gabrielov (Purdue University, USA). Keilis-Borok's vision of predictive understanding of extreme events; George Molchan (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia). Stochastic earthquake source model: Analysis of the omega-square hypothesis; Antonella Peresan (University of Trieste, Italy). Time-dependent neo-deterministic seismic hazard scenarios: ten years of prospective testing in Italy; Jorge Ramirez (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Colombia). Two studies in scaling of extreme events in self-similar river networks: peak flows and ecological extinction; and Robert Shcherbakov (Western University, London, Ontario, Canada). Record-Breaking Events in Non-linear Threshold Systems. The symposium had three session: two oral session and one poster. The symposium was a highlight of the IUGG Conference on Mathematical Geophysics

UNION HONOR AND RECOGNITION PROGRAM

The IUGG Executive Committee established the three Union awards: the Gold Medal, the Fellowship, and the Early Career Scientist Award to honor distinguished senior scientists as well as outstanding early-career scientists for their scientific contribution to the field of Earth and space sciences and international research cooperation in geodesy and geophysics.

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According to paragraph 14 of the IUGG By-Laws: “Any admission accepted by a simple majority is provisional until approved by the Council. Simple majority is here determined by the proportion of affirmative votes to the sum of votes (affirmative, negative) provided that this sum is not less than one third of the total membership of the Union eligible to vote.” Therefore, Nicaragua becomes a Regular Member of IUGG (provisionally). The IUGG Council should make the final decision at the XXVI IUGG General Assembly in Prague, Czech Republic, 22 June – 2 July 2015.

The Adhering Body is the National Water Authority of Nicaragua (Minister-Director Luis Angel Montenegro Padilla). The Adhering Body established the Nicaraguan National Committee for IUGG with Heyddy Calderon as President and Yelba Flores as Secretary General. Correspondents to the Associations are Marvin Corriols (IAG), Heyddy Calderon (IAHS), Edwin Obando (IASPEI), and Angelica Muñoz (IAVCEI).

Affiliate Membership

Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW)

On 17 October 2013, an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member was received from the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW). The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of CGMW is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken. The Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) is responsible for promoting and coordinating the preparation and publication of solid Earth Sciences maps of continents, oceans, major regions of the earth, and promoting those of national territories, and for developing cartography in the solid Earth Sciences. The CGMW organizes international coordination for the study of problems concerning Earth Science cartography and undertakes bibliographic and cartographic studies necessary to carry out its mission. This implies an active role in the evolution of thematic cartography, demanding imaginative new approaches to the representation of data sets. The CGMW is a truly international-scientific organization: under the guidance of an international Bureau, geoscientists of all nations participate in projects that encompass the many facets of Earth Science. To the rapidity of acquiring data today corresponds a need for accelerated map compilation and publication.

Young Earth Scientist (YES) Network

On 22 January 2014, the IUGG Secretariat received an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member from the Young Earth Scientist (YES) Network. The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of the YES Network is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken.

The YES Network is an international network of early career Earth scientists from more than 120 countries representing all regions of the world. The YES Network was formed as a result of the International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE) in 2007. In 2009, in collaboration with the IYPE and under the patronage of UNESCO, the YES Network organized its first international Congress at the China University of Geosciences in Beijing, China. The Congress focused on climate, environmental and geoscience challenges facing today’s society, as well as career and academic pathway challenges faced by early-career geoscientists. The YES Network aims to establish an interdisciplinary global network of individuals committed to solving these challenges, and furthering the IYPE motto of “Earth Sciences for Society”. The YES Network promotes the development of the geosciences through the following activities: (i) improving the communication of geosciences between disciplines, spatially around the globe, to policy makers and to the general public; (ii) providing professional development resources and opportunities for early-career geoscientists; (iii) fostering international collaborations

20

between early-career geoscientists; (iv) raising the public profile of the geosciences through educational outreach and service activities that focus on global scientific and policy issues; (v) promoting scientific, professional, and academic collaborations between early-career and senior geoscientists.

International Association for Geoethics (IAGETH)

On 22 July 2014, the IUGG Secretariat received an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member from the International Associations for Geoethics (IAGETH). The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of the IAGETH is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken.

IAGETH is a nonprofit organization born in 1992 at Pribram, Czech Republic. IAGETH aims (i) to promote and encourage the advancement of Geoethics – primarily through educational and publishing activities and research; (ii) to foster geoethical ways of thinking and acting – especially in Geosciences (because of their significance for any support and help in developing realistic sustainability concepts); (iii) to improve teaching and training in Geoethics; (iv) to realize the goals defined by the International Declaration of Geoethics approved in October 2011 by the AGID Working Group for Geoethics; and (v) to collect, evaluate and disseminate the results of geoethical activities on a world wide basis.

American Geosciences Institute (AGI)

On 18 September 2014, the IUGG Secretariat received an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member from the American Geosciences Institute (AGI). The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of the AGI is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken.

The AGI is a nonprofit federation of geoscientific and professional associations that represents more than 250,000 geologists, geophysicists, and other earth scientists. Founded in 1948, AGI provides information services to geoscientists, serves as a voice of shared interests in our profession, plays a major role in strengthening geoscience education, and strives to increase public awareness of the vital role the geosciences play in society's use of resources, resilience to natural hazards, and the health of the environment.

International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG)

On 24 November 2014, the IUGG Secretariat received an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member from the International Associations for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG). The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of the IAMG is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken.

The aim of the IAMG is to promote international cooperation in the application and use of mathematics in geological research and technology. To this end the activities of the IAMG include (i) the organization of meetings, of field excursions, and of visits to centers of research and technology; (ii) the issue of publications on the application of mathematics in the geological sciences; and (iii) cooperation with other organizations professionally concerned with applications of mathematics and statistics to the biological sciences, earth sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, and planetary sciences.

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International Consortium on Landslides (ICL)

On 9 December 2014, the IUGG Secretariat received an application for admission to IUGG as an Affiliate Member from the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). The IUGG Executive Committee welcomed this application, and it was placed before the IUGG Adhering Bodies in regular status for a vote by correspondence. The vote is now complete, and the application was accepted. According to the IUGG Statutes and By-Laws, the Affiliate membership of the ICL is provisional until the next meeting of the IUGG Council in Prague, Czech Republic, in June 2015, when a final vote will be taken.

The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) created at the Kyoto Symposium in January 2002 is an International non-governmental and non-profit scientific organization, which is supported by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR), and intergovernmental programmes such as the International Hydrological Programme of UNESCO; the Government of Japan; and other governmental bodies. ICL was registered as a legal body under Japanese law for non-profit organizations in August 2002 in the Government of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The present domicile of the International Consortium on Landslides is Kyoto, Japan, where the Secretariat is located.

IUGG SPECIAL PUBLICATION SERIES

The first volume of the Special Publication of the IUGG “Extreme Natural Hazards, Disaster Risks and Societal Implications” (eds. Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi, Andrzej Kijko, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, and Ilya Zaliapin) will be published by the Cambridge University Press in April 2014 as an eBook and in May as a Hardback. This book presents a unique, interdisciplinary approach to disaster risk research, combining cutting-edge natural science and social science methodologies. Bringing together leading scientists, policy makers and practitioners from around the world, it presents the risks of global hazards such as volcanoes, seismic events, landslides, hurricanes, precipitation floods and space weather, and provides real-world hazard case studies from Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific region. Avoiding complex mathematics, the authors provide insight into topics such as the vulnerability of society, disaster risk reduction policy, relations between disaster policy and climate change, adaptation to hazards, and (re)insurance approaches to extreme events. This is a key resource for academic researchers and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines linked to hazard and risk studies, including geophysics, volcanology, hydrology, atmospheric science, geomorphology, oceanography and remote sensing, and for professionals and policy makers working in disaster prevention and mitigation. More information on the volume can be found: http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/earth-science-general-interest/extreme-natural-hazards-disaster-risks-and-societal-implications

The second volume of the series “Dynamics and Predictability of Large-Scale, High-Impact Weather and Climate Events” is planned for 2015.

IUGG GRANT PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY COOPERATION

The IUGG Grants Programme aims to support projects of importance to the international geophysical and geodetic community, which will explore new scientific ideas and develop future international initiatives. For 2014-2015, IUGG awarded the following projects:

“Future Earth: The Geodetic and Geophysical Perspective” (Lead Applicant: CCEC; Supporting Applicants: IAMAS, IAHS and the Future Earth initiative).

“Active Deformation, Faults and Earthquakes: From Measurements to Models” (Lead Applicant IAG; Supporting Applicants: IASPEI, GRC).

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“Exploring the Connection between Earthquakes and Volcanoes” (Lead Applicant: IAVCEI; Supporting Applicant: IASPEI).

“Future of Earth-Space Sciences and Education” (Lead Applicant: IUGG; Supporting Applicants: Union Associations).

The total amount of funds allocated to the projects is US$ 80,000.

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS CO-SPONSORED BY IUGG

IUGG co-sponsors symposia and workshops appropriate to our disciplines of study and supports the participation of young scientists and scientists from developing countries.

For 2014, IUGG supported the following meetings (the name of the IUGG Associations that endorsed the meetings are indicated in brackets):

– Joint model-data workshop for the Late Pleistocene evolution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, Grenoble, France, 22-24 May (IACS).

– School on Reference Systems - Escuela en Sistemas de Referencia and Symposium on Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS), Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 22 September-1 October (IAG).

– 22nd International Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, Weimar, Germany, 24-30 August (IAGA).

– Geospace revisited: Understanding dynamic processes with new spacecraft and ground-based observations, Rhodes, Greece, 15-20 September (IAGA).

– 16th IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition and Processing, Hyderabad, India, 7-16 October (IAGA).

– Evolving Water Resources Systems - Understanding, Predicting and Managing Water - Society Interactions, Bologna, Italy, 4-6 June (IAHS).

– 12th Kovacs Colloquium, Paris, France, 21 June (IAHS).

– 13th Quadrennial iCACGP Symposium and 13th IGAC Science Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry, Natal, Brazil, 22-26 September (IAMAS).

– 3rd "Titan through time" ICPAE-workshop, Laurel, MD, USA, 8-10 April (IAMAS).

– Regional Assembly - Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC-2014), Bogota, Colombia, 23-27 July (IASPEI).

– Mega earthquakes and tsunamis in subduction-zones: forecasting approaches and implications for hazard assessment, Rhodes, Greece, early October (IASPEI).

– 5th International High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere (HEPPA) Workshop, Baden-Baden, Germany, 5-9 May (IAGA, IAMAS).

– Special Symposium - Four paradigms in predicting extremes: Legacy of Vladimir I. Keilis-Borok, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 2-4 June (IASPEI, CMG).

– GEORISK 2014: Improving Geophysical Risk Assessment, Forecasting, and Management, Madrid, Spain, 18-21 November (IAVCEI, GRC).

– 40th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Moscow, Russia, 2-10 August (IAMAS, IAGA, IAG).

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SCIENTIFIC MEETING REPORTS

2014 AAAS Symposium - “Santa’s Revenge: The Impacts of Arctic Warming on the Mid-Latitudes”

This event, which took place on 15 February 2014 at the Chicago AAAS Annual Meeting, was spearheaded by the U.S. National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics, and co-sponsored by the U.S. National Committees for INQUA, Soil Science, and Geological Sciences. The symposium examined high-latitude changes linked to mid-latitude weather and the effect of these complex phenomena on freshwater resources, food availability, and national security. The symposium was organized by Michael MacCracken (Climate Institute), Ester Sztein (National Academy of Sciences), and Robin Muench (Earth & Space Research). Hajo Eicken (University of Alaska) served as the discussant. Speakers included:

– Mark Serreze (National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado-Boulder): “Impacts on Arctic Pack Ice Predictions of Extreme Weather and Natural Variability”

– James Overland (NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory): “When Will the Summer Arctic be Nearly Sea Ice-Free?

– Jennifer Francis (Rutgers University): “Evidence Linking Arctic Amplification with Changing Weather Patterns in Mid-Latitudes”

– Jerry Hatfield (Iowa State/USDA-Agricultural Research Service): “Agriculture Impacts and Impacts on International Food Supplies and Prices”

– David Titley (Pennsylvania State University): “Impact of a Warming Arctic on National Security”

This symposium resulted in wide press coverage in the U.S. and around the world, including articles in The Economist, Time, and Smithsonian magazines, BBC, and National Public Radio. The full list of approximately 70 press articles in four languages is available at the NAS/BISO webpage: http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/biso/IUGG/PGA_085951 (Ester Sztein, U.S. National Academy of Sciences).

International High Energy Particle Precipitation in the Atmosphere Workshop

The HEPPA/SOLARIS-2014 workshop was held on 5-9 May 2014 in Baden-Baden, Germany, and was the fifth meeting in a series which started in Helsinki, Finland (2008) and continued in Boulder, USA (2009, 2012), and Granada, Spain (2011). Since 2012, the workshop has been organized in conjunction with the SPARC/SOLARIS-HEPPA community. The theme of the workshop was the mechanisms by which energetic particles and solar irradiance affect the atmosphere and climate. The workshop covered the following topics: i) variability of energetic particle precipitation and solar irradiance; ii) uncertainties in their measurements; iii) observed and modelled impacts of solar forcing on the atmosphere (thermosphere to surface) and climate; and iv) predictions for future scenarios under a weakening sun. The impact of the solar cycle on the European winter climate via the influence on the North-Atlantic oscillations seems now to be a robust feature produced in climate models. One of the scientific highlights was the finding that the impact of energetic particle precipitation on regional North Atlantic climate can be similar in magnitude to solar irradiance forcing, leading to the conclusion that energetic particle precipitation cannot be ignored any longer in climate modelling. The controversy around solar spectral irradiance measurements cannot be considered solved at the current time. Predictions for climate development under a potential future grand solar minimum revealed only minor impact on surface temperature that cannot compensate for the temperature increase due to greenhouse gas emissions.

HEPPA/SOLARIS-2014 (http://www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/HEPPA_SOLARIS_2014.php) was attended by 72 participants. During the first three days, the contributions were presented as posters, while the topics were introduced by twelve 30/45-min overview talks given by invited speakers.

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Topics for the poster sessions were: A) Solar and Particle Variability; B) Solar and Particle Effects on the Stratosphere and Above; C) Solar and Particle Effects on the Troposphere and Climate; D) Atmosphere and Ocean/Atmosphere Coupling; E) Tools for Assessing Solar and Particle Influences (new or improved measurements, models, etc.) In order to provide enough time for poster presentations and related discussions, three hours each day were allocated for the poster sessions. The last two days were dedicated to an overview of on-going international activities and projects, and working meetings of the SPARC/SOLARIS-HEPPA working groups (SolarMIP and HEPPA-II). There was also substantial discussion about future work and the outstanding questions in the field. An upcoming data gap of middle/upper atmosphere observation was identified due to the lack of planned limb sounding missions. The participants of the workshop came from North America, Europe, and Asia. The generous financial support to the HEPPA/SOLARIS-2014 workshop was provided by IUGG/IAMAS, which helped to organize a lively and exciting meeting and brought together the communities of solar irradiance and energetic particle impact on the atmosphere. The next HEPPA/SOLARIS meeting will be held in two years in Helsinki, Finland, while the SPARC/SOLARIS-HEPPA working group will meet in fall 2015 in Boulder, USA (Gabriele Stiller, Chair of the Workshop LOC)

Evolving Water Resources Systems Understanding, Predicting and Managing Water - Society Interactions

The International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a regular symposium organized by the International Commission on Water Resources Systems (ICWRS) of IAHS. The 6th Edition was co-organized with IUGG and EGU and focused on the topic Evolving Water Resources Systems - Understanding, Predicting and Managing Water-Society Interactions. The 6th edition, which was framed within the Panta Rhei research initiative of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (http://www.iahs.info/pantarhei), brought together more than 200 experts from more than 30 countries from all continents. Participants delivered exciting presentations (90 orals and 134 posters) and stimulated vibrant discussions, showing their research ideas and results to bring hydrology into the future by reaching an improved connection with society.

The scientific contributions focused on a broad variety of topics associated with water resources assessment and management in a changing environment, and concentrated in particular on the two-way interaction between water and society. Main themes of the conference were: (1) Hydrological processes in a changing environment: Coping with uncertainties; (2) Floods, droughts and water risks in a changing socio-hydrological context: Feedbacks between water resources and social systems; (3) Water resources: Monitoring, integrated assessment and management; (4) Optimization of water resources systems: changing boundary conditions, targets and criteria of water management. The Conference Proceedings volume is published as “Evolving Water Resources Systems Understanding, Predicting and Managing Water - Society Interactions” (ed. by A. Castellarin, S. Ceola, E. Toth, A. Montanari; IAHS Pub. no. 364, ISSN 0144-7815, IAH Press, pp. 548).

The following experts delivered invited talks at the symposium: Peter Loucks (Cornell University, USA), Berit Arheimer (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sweden), Tom Evans (Indiana University, USA), Quentin Grafton (Australian National University, Australia), Andreas Schumann (Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany), Ezio Todini (University of Bologna, Italy) and Pieter van der Zaag (UNESCO-IHE, The Netherlands). The conference was financially supported by International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), European Geosciences Union (EGU), and Department of Civil, Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM) of the University of Bologna (Alberto Montanari, Conference Chair).

IASPEI Regional Assembly

The first assembly of the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC), an IASPEI regional Commission formed in 2012, was held on 23-25 July 2014 in Bogotá, Colombia. More than 230 participants from 25 countries attended the assembly and presented 242 papers (149 oral and 93 poster presentations). The presenters came from Argentina (10), Brazil (16), Chile (16),

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Colombia (84), Costa Rica (10), Mexico (10), Nicaragua (6), and Venezuela (8) as well as from Asia (2), Europe (15), South Africa (3), and USA (35). The meeting fully accomplished the main LACSC goals: to establish a framework for discussions, collaborations, and new acquaintances in the Latin American community, and to motivate seismology students and young scientists to be involved in seismological research. 65 students presented 27% of the papers. 24 students and young scientists were supported by a travel grant from IUGG and IASPEI.

The Exhibit Hall had five companies of geophysical instrumentation and services and five stands of journals and societies, including one of the Seismological Society of America (SSA). During the meeting, SSA granted 20 new free student memberships. SSA convened the session on “Subduction Zone Processes”, which was followed by a well-attended discussion on the “Subduction Zone Observatory”, a proposal for an international coordination of large multi-disciplinary and multi-national projects. The assembly fostered and promoted other initiatives on training and international collaboration. A pre-assembly one-day training course on the Earthworm system was attended by 16 people. The course, taught in Spanish and English, gave an overview of the new developments in Earthworm, as well as hands-on practice on installing and running the system. Three post-assembly workshops were also organized. IRIS Data Services held a 6-day training course presented by eight different lecturers for 33 participants on Managing Data from Seismic Networks. Following the IRIS Data Services workshop, the IRIS International Development project sponsored a 2-day Advanced Studies Institute that included two parallel sessions on the calculation of regional moment tensors by Bob Hermann and double differencing techniques by Felix Waldhauser. The GEM (Global Earthquake Model) Foundation organized a 5-day workshop for scientists working on the SARA (South America Risk Assessment) project, which was focused on the discussion of available PSHA regional models for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Training on the OpenQuake-engine and the Hazards Modeling Toolkit (HMTK) was also provided.

All participants enjoyed the meeting and look forward to the next LACSC Regional Assembly, which will be held in Costa Rica in 2016. The new 2014-2016 LACSC Executive Committee was formed with Marino Protti (Costa Rica) as President, Diana Comte (Chile) as Vice President, Carlos Vargas (Colombia) as Past-President, Marcelo Assumpção (Brazil) as Executive Secretary, and Hernando Tavera (Peru) and Nora Sabbione (Argentina) as Members at large. The Regional Assembly was organized by GEOSLAC (the Latin-American and Caribbean Association of Geosciences), the National University of Colombia, Antonio Nariño University, Valle University, Quindio University, the Colombian Society of Geology, and the Colombian Geological Survey. Significant financial support was provided by the Colombia Geological Survey (SGC - Servicio Geológico Colombiano), which celebrated the 20th anniversary of the National Seismological and Strong Motion Networks (Marcelo Assumpção, LACSC Executive Secretary).

2014 EMSEV International Workshop

The 17th International Workshop organized by the IUGG EMSEV Inter-Association Working Group on Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquakes and Volcanoes was held in Konstacin-Jeziorna, Poland, from 22 to 26 September 2014 (http://emsev2014.cbk.waw.pl/). This workshop was supported by IAGA, IAVCEI and IASPEI Associations, and was hosted by the Institute of Geophysics and the Space Research Centre with the contribution of the Polish Academy of Science. Jan Blecki with the help of the powerful local organizing committee produced a very successful, efficient and smoothly run meeting.

The focus of the meeting was on the observation and understanding of the various kinds of electromagnetic phenomena associated with seismic and volcanic activities, particularly from a multidisciplinary point of view. Session topics covered the following areas of interest: (1) Physics and Observations of Earthquake Preparatory Processes, (2) Constraints from Seismology, Geodesy and Other Geophysical Techniques, (3) Electrodynamics in Solids and Rock Materials – Theory and Laboratory Results, (4) Related Electromagnetic Signals and Other Physical Parameters to Earthquakes – Ground Base and Satellite Observations, (5) Related Electromagnetic Signals and Other Physical Parameters to Volcanoes, Geothermal Fields and Landslides – Ground Base and Satellite Measurements, (6) Signal Recognition, Data Processing and Modeling, and (7) Future Experiments,

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Missions and Theoretical Developments. More than 60 participants from 16 different countries attended the meeting and presented their most up-to-date results in oral presentations and with posters. The posters were displayed in the central meeting area during the meeting with significant results from each identified in short 2-minute summaries before the general poster viewing. In addition, invited talks on global-scale prediction of earthquakes, earthquake mechanics, volcano seismology, and geochemistry contributed to a better identification of the physical mechanisms involved in the generation of electromagnetic signals related to both volcanic and earthquakes activity.

The presentations during the meeting clearly showed the incredible progress made in documentation of reliable electromagnetic signals related to earthquake and volcano activity during the 13-years existence of EMSEV. Many powerful international groups have been set up and cross-correlations between electromagnetic and other geophysical data have successfully emerged. The two activities promoted by EMSEV in under-developed countries related to volcanic (Taal volcano, Philippines) and tectonic (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan) activities. Now, each involves powerful consortiums for joint observations. For Taal, experts from the Philippines, Japan, France, USA, Belgium, Italy, and Greece are working together while in Kyrgyzstan, joint efforts involve researchers from Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Japan, France, Greece, China and Poland. The identification of signals related to the transient disturbances of the ionosphere that might be associated with earthquakes is the target of a cooperative effort between USA, Japan, Russia, Taiwan, and France. Renewed and enthusiastic interest in using satellites to identify precursory EM signals related to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions will follow the launch of Chinese micro-satellites in 2016. Already, our EMSEV community is getting together on this issue.

The round table at the end of the meeting raised discussions on different topics, particularly the testing of predictability of EM and other geophysical parameters for impeding earthquakes and eruptions. If signals are occasionally identified, it is extremely difficult to demonstrate reliable and repeatable estimates of precursor time delay, likely magnitude and likely location for an earthquake, although it is much easier for volcanic eruptions. Some proposals discussed were the importance of re-analyzing very long time series (i.e. over ten years) to build a database of reliable characteristics of signals, to produce 4-window tables corresponding to Anomaly (A) with Earthquake (EQ), A with No EQ, No A and EQ, No A and No EQ, and to work on the repeatability of signals such as in the case of the recurrent seismicity in Taiwan. The methodology on precursory electric signals used in Greece is now in the process of being tested in Kyrgyzstan and Romania.

During the 17th business meeting, Xuebin Du, from Lanzhou Institute of Seismology of China Earthquake Administration, offered to host the next EMSEV meeting in 2016. This proposal was accepted, and Chinese colleagues will discuss how to involve the largest possible Chinese community. Detailed information on EMSEV activities can be found at http://www.emsev-iugg.org/emsev (J. Zlotnicki, M. J. S. Johnston, T. Nagao, and J. Blecki, EMSEV officers)

Joint iCACGP/IGAC2014 meeting

The International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP) and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC) held their 13th joint edition of their traditional symposia/conferences (Joint iCACGP-IGAC2014) in Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 22-26 September 2014. The topical theme was “Changing Chemistry in a Changing World”: The foci were the current knowledge and understanding of the chemical, physical and biogeochemical processes, which determine atmospheric composition and behavior, their modification by anthropogenic activity and related feedbacks. Of central significance to the meeting was the knowledge of the fundamental science, which impacts the assessment accuracy of the recent and current impacts of human behavior on the earth system, and of the prediction of future air quality, human health, environmental and climate change.

The Joint iCACGP-IGAC2014 was attended by 422 registered participants from 49 different countries including 161 young scientists and 64 of them from seven Latin American countries. The participant distributions by countries and by continents are presented below.

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The conference was organized with six plenary oral sessions and respective poster sessions during five days. The sessions themes were (i) Atmosphere-surface (ocean/vegetation/ice) interactions in a changing climate; (ii) Atmospheric chemistry and the coupling between biogenic and anthropogenic emissions; (iii) Interactions between aerosols, clouds and precipitation; (iv) Atmospheric chemistry and urbanization: from local to the global scales; (v) Atmospheric chemistry fundamentals; and (vi) Atmospheric chemistry in a changing climate. In total, 77 oral talks were presented. Of these, four talks were held by keynote-speakers and another 13 by other invited speakers. 410 posters were presented throughout the conference. The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) celebrated its 25-year anniversary at the meeting with a special ceremony dedicated to this occasion including a keynote talk, two other talks, and 20 posters, followed by a celebration cocktail and a photo exhibition about GAW stations and responsible researchers in the world.

A number of excursions were organized during the conference so that the participants could experience some of the beautiful sightseeing that the city and surroundings of Natal offers to the visitor. The conference banquet was served with local typical cuisine options and background live music, before the closing ceremony. This was a moment for people to get together one last time and allowed all participants to relax and experience some of the typical Brazilian menus.

Several events were specially designed for Young Scientists (YS). A workshop was held during the conference, where invited speakers introduced each scientific session topic of the conference providing a general overview of what was going to be presented at the conference. Another event was a luncheon with two invited speakers: Mark Lawrence and Melita Keywood, who each have a speech about time management and how to give a good presentation, respectively. At the Lunch Visioning Meeting young scientists discussed and came up with their own view on the future of the Young Scientist Program. The outcome of this meeting was presented during the Closing Ceremony. All YS posters and oral presentations were evaluated by a specific jury composed of a number of selected senior scientists who chose a winner for each of the six thematic poster sessions as well as a winner of the YS contributions to the conference’s oral program.

The support of Young Scientists is one of the main goals of iCACGP Symposia and IGAC Science Conferences. The following institutions (in alphabetical order) provided support for 70 Young Scientists from all over the world, for travel costs, accommodation and registration fees or per diems (partial and full support): IAMAS/IUGG, GAW/WMO, Atmospheric Composition Change – The European Network (ACCENT Plus), Brazilian Ministry for Education (CAPES), European Space Agency (ESA), the Regional Office South America of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, USA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA), National Science Foundation (NSF, USA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN Brazil). More information: http://igac-icacgp2014.org (Judith J. Hoelzemann, LOC Coordinator of iCACGP/IGAC-2014).

SIRGAS School on Reference Systems and the Symposium SIRGAS 2014

The Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS) is the fundamental layer for all kind of positioning and geo-information in science and praxis in Latin America from Mexico to Tierra de Fuego. Nearly all South and Central American countries have adopted it as their official reference system for scientific and practical applications. Besides the establishment and maintenance of the geocentric reference frame for the region, SIRGAS is responsible for the definition and realization of a gravity-field related vertical reference system that guarantees consistency and reliability continent-wide (heights with the same accuracy everywhere) and a long-term stability (heights with the same order of accuracy at any time).

The current activities, advances, and new challenges of SIRGAS are reported, discussed, and re-oriented (if required) in the annual SIRGAS Meetings, which have been held since 1993. In this series, the Symposium SIRGAS 2014 took place in La Paz, Bolivia from 24 to 26 November 2014. In the days prior to the Symposium (from 20 to 22 November), a SIRGAS School on Vertical Reference Systems was held. Both events were hosted by the Instituto Geográfico Militar of Bolivia.

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The SIRGAS School was attended by 34 participants from 13 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The thematic of the school concentrated on the continental adjustment of the first order national vertical networks based on geopotential numbers. This included a capacitation on height systems, least squares adjustment, and processing of gravity and vertical networks. Attendees were provided with computation software, so the theory lectures were complemented by practical exercises.

The Symposium SIRGAS 2014 was attended by 260 participants from 19 countries (in addition to the School participants, Dominican Republic, Germany, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and USA). In 39 oral presentations and 24 posters, the following topics were presented: Gravity and geoid modelling in the SIRGAS region, developments related to vertical reference systems and frames, geodetic estimation of geophysical parameters, report of the SIRGAS reference frame analysis centers, national reference frames and related applications, geodetic modelling of the Earth's crust deformations (in particular in the Andean orogeny), and practical usability of the SIRGAS reference frame. Presentations and extended abstracts of the contributions are available at the SIRGAS web site (www.sirgas.org).

Thanks to the support of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH), it was possible to provide 19 SIRGAS colleagues from eight countries with partial travel grants. SIRGAS deeply acknowledges this support (Claudio Brunini, SIRGAS President; Laura Sánchez, SIRGAS Vice President).

22nd Electromagnetic Induction Workshop

Electromagnetic (EM) induction workshops are the premier events of IAGA Working Group I.2 organized for researchers around the world to exchange their latest developments in the field of geophysical electromagnetism. The 22nd workshop was held in Weimar, Germany, from 24 to 30 August 2014 and organized by a Local Organizing Committee representing German research institutions and companies. The workshop was attended by 400 people from 43 countries: 232 full delegates, 13 retired, 132 students (total: 377 delegates), and 23 accompanying persons. The total number of abstracts received was 371. The abstracts were made available to the participants of the workshop via the web site of the conference (http://www.emiw2014.de).

The workshop’s sessions were grouped into six general themes covering a wide range of EM studies: (1) Instrumentation, Sources, and Data Processing; (2) Rock resistivity; (3) Theory, Modelling, and Inversion; (4) Exploration and Monitoring; (5) Tectonics; and (6) Global and Planetary Induction. Morning and afternoon sessions started with review papers from invited, internationally acclaimed scientists focusing on developments in EM. Afterwards, time was dedicated to discussing around 321 workshop posters on recent developments and latest controversies in EM induction. Main authors were invited to present their posters in one minute presentations in the lecture hall. Poster sessions were followed by oral presentations; overall 50 contributions were given as orals. The invited (review) talks were presented by Anne Nacka (Conductivity anomalies in central Europe), Catherine Constable (Earth's Electromagnetic Environment at Frequencies above 1 Hz), Rita Stretch (Controlled-source EM exploration and monitoring on land), Amir Khan (Understanding structure and constitution of Earth's mantle from joint analysis of geophysical data and laboratory-based conductivity profiles), Wieck Heyse and Susan Ellis (Conductivity as a constraint for geodynamical modelling), Tada-nor Got (Recent advances of marine EM exploration - from shallow water environmental studies to deeper mantle imaging), and Oleg Pankratov (Applied mathematics in EM studies with special emphasis on an uncertainty quantification and 3-D integral equation modelling). The review papers will be published in a special issue of Surveys in Geophysics.

The EM induction workshops are traditionally accompanied by smaller splinter meetings before or after the main event. For the Weimar Workshop the LOC organized six tutorials in Germany covering a wide range of electromagnetic research: Marine magnetotelluric/EM (20 - 22 August, in Kiel); Numerical Methods (22 - 23 August, in Freiberg); EM for Exploration and Production (24 August in Weimar); Ground Penetrating Radar (1 September in Frankfurt); Airborne EM (1 September in Hannover); and Radio-Magnetotellurics / Transient EM (1-2 September in Cologne). Participation in

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the tutorials was free of charge for registered delegates of the main event and the interest was tremendous. Where places were limited, preference was given to young scientists (students or postdocs). The following social events took place during the workshop: icebreaker on 24 August, mid-workshop excursion on 27 August, workshop dinners in Weimar, and several tours including Naumburger Dom, Wartburg castle, and wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut.

We acknowledge the generous support of the workshop donors: the German Geophysical Society, the National Science Foundation, IAGA, IUGG, the GW Hohmann Trust, the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, and Freunde und Förderer der Universität Freiberg. The workshop was co-sponsored by Phoenix Geophysics, Shell, KMS, Metronix, NordWest, University of Adelaide, emgs, Geophysik GGD, Wintershall, EGU, IMAGIR, Zonge, technoimaging, and BakerHughes (O. Ritter, Chair, LOC of the 22nd EM induction workshop).

XVI IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory

The XVI IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition and Processing was held from 7 to 16 October 2014 and jointly organized by the National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI) and the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), Mumbai, India (http://www.ngri.org.in/iaga13_14). The Golden Jubilee (1964-2014) of the Hyderabad Magnetic Observatory HYB (CSIR-NGRI) was commemorated by this workshop. The Workshop was inaugurated by IUGG President Harsh Gupta who also conducted the ceremonial felicitation of founder members of the Hyderabad Magnetic Observatory. The Workshop was followed by the Council Meeting of INTERMAGNET during 18-20 October 2014. A total of 80 delegates from 31 countries participated in the Workshop. Additionally there were about 20 invited speakers from India and 15 dignitaries bringing the total participants to 115.

Six specialized training sessions were organized including lectures, demonstrations, and practice and attended by twelve trainees and several observers: Geomagnetism (by Nandini Nagarajan); Conrad Observatory (video presented by Barbara Leichter); Measurement of magnetic variations (by Lars Pedersen); Absolute Instruments & measurements (by Alan Berarduci); Observatory practice - Processing of magnetic Data (by Joachim Linthe); and INTERMAGNET (by Joachim Linthe). Three afternoons were devoted to practical training and demonstrations of Absolute and azimuth measurements.

The last session was held in the form of a panel discussion, which became very lively due to participation from panelists as well as other delegates. Observers expressed their desire to learn more about data processing and to have access to codes, error analysis, and dialog with more experienced scientists to continue the learning process. The internet is being successfully used to transmit and share data. It should be used to provide forums for learning and problem solving, since many observers work in comparative isolation. A suggestion was made to have a page on the Division V website where observers could post queries, obtain codes and short articles. Some volunteered to write articles. There is a clear need to include processing as part of the IAGA Workshops. More structured training during the Workshop where processing and baseline determination could be practiced should be planned in workshops henceforth.

In summary, the highlights of the scientific sessions include the developments on new instruments and measurement techniques to arrive at stable baselines. The variety of applications of geomagnetic data right from co-seismic signals, signatures of tsunamis to ionospheric and magnetospheric effects was the second significant highlight. The launch of the new program MAGNIO co-sponsored by the International Council for Science (ICSU) via IUGG with an aim of bringing the magnetic community of the North Indian Ocean region together was the third (Kusumita Arora, Local Organizing Committee).

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NATIONAL COMMITTEES FOR GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS: REPORTS

First Congress of China Geodesy and Geophysics

The First Congress of China Geodesy and Geophysics (CCGG) brought together over 2,000 Chinese scientists and graduate students from universities and research institutes gathered at the China University of Geosciences in Beijing (CUGB), 25-26 October 2014, to exchange information on the latest progress in Earth and planetary sciences made by the Chinese community of IUGG, to discuss how the community can contribute to “Future Earth”, a 10-year international research program, and to plan for the 2015 IUGG General Assembly. The theme of the congress was “From Global Change to Future Earth”. The Congress was composed of an overview session and 43 thematic sessions on all major subjects of IUGG. The “Youth Excellent Thesis Awards” for 10 graduate students were presented at the congress; the award was established to encourage young scholars to get involved in IUGG and Chinese National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics (CNC-IUGG) activities.

Jianping Li, Secretary General of CNC-IUGG, opened the Congress and Guoxiong Wu, President of CNC-IUGG, and Jianyun Zhang, Vice President of CNC-IUGG, presided at the Opening Ceremony and invited lectures. At the Opening Ceremony, Kechang Xie, Vice President of the Chinese Association of Science and Technology (CAST), Yong Chen, Director of the Academic Division of Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Hongbing Wang, CUGB Secretary of Party, delivered welcome addresses. Dahe Qin, co-Chair of the IPCC Working Group I, and Vice President of CNC-IUGG, Harsh Gupta, IUGG President, Alik Ismail-Zadeh, IUGG Secretary General, and Chengshan Wang, Professor of CUGB, delivered lectures on “Climate Change and Cryospheric Sciences”, “Sustainability of Urbanization and Natural Hazards: Earthquakes and Tsunamis”, “International Cooperation in Geodesy and Geophysics to Benefit the Society”, and “Earth’s Deep Time Insight into Future Earth”, respectively.

CNC-IUGG is a non-governmental, scientific organization, established by CAS and CAST in 1979, dedicated to the promotion and coordination of Chinese scientific studies of Earth (physical, chemical and mathematical) and cooperation and communication with the international geosciences community. The first CCGG was jointly sponsored by the CNC-IUGG, CAST and the CAS Academic Division of Earth Sciences, and co-organized by Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, MOE, China; Beijing Normal University; National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation; Wuhan University; and Hebei Mapping Institute (Jianping Li, CNC-IUGG Secretary General).

REPORTS OF IUGG LIAISON OFFICERS

WMO Executive Council 2014

The sixty-sixth session of WMO’s Executive Council was held in Geneva from 18 to 27 June 2014.

Meteorological research and volcanic ash. The brief presentations on meteorological research and aeronautical meteorology made appropriate references to collaboration with IUGG (IAMAS and IAVCEI). Regarding the WMO-IUGG Volcanic Ash Scientific Advisory Group, “the Council, whilst fully supporting the ongoing fruitful cooperation between WMO and IUGG, encouraged the VASAG to review its terms of reference after the Conjoint ICAO/WMO MET Divisional Meeting in July 2014 with a view to proposing any necessary amendments for consideration by EC-67.”

Polar activities. WMO’s polar activities are overseen by a Panel of the Executive Council. In his brief introduction to the work of this Panel, the Secretariat member in charge mention that WMO had a link with IACS amongst many other bodies active in polar research. In discussion, “the Council agreed that the Panel, through the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW), should further engage with the World Glaciology Monitoring Service (WGMS) to monitor these glaciers using appropriate in-site and space technologies.” Note that the WGMS is a service of the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) of IUGG.

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The challenge of globalization. Over the last ten to twenty years we have seen a dramatic increase in the ability of institutes in neighboring countries, or even in remote large computing centers, to model and forecast local conditions without the co-operation or even agreement of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) that are the national counterparts of WMO. This has been one of the great achievements of meteorology in recent years and no-one denies its benefit to the NMHSs in poorer countries which have difficulty maintaining their national services. However, the meteorological services of many poor countries rely for their very existence on the fees they charge airline companies for the briefings that pilots are obliged to receive before they depart. When the briefings are not up to the standard that the airlines want or the charges are, in their view, too high, they are tempted to look elsewhere for their metrological information. As the aviation world moves inexorably towards greater and greater regionalization, even globalization, of many of its services, this may lead to a call for regional even global meteorological forecasting services. In its debate on trends in aeronautical meteorology, the “Council noted serious concerns expressed by some Members relating to the assigning of the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation to entities outside the NMHS, in some cases, private entities. This issue was considered detrimental for many NMHSs due to loss of revenue from the aviation sector with implications on their viability and sustainability.”

The same technical developments have led a number of institutions in different parts of the world to develop regional flood awareness schemes which are designed to provide early warning of the likelihood of floods to NMHSs. These developments were discussed briefly at the side meeting of hydrologists. Some concern was expressed that some groups appear to be moving in the direction of issuing what would amount to flood forecasts and warning on the internet i.e. to the general public, without any contact with the NMHSs who are legally responsible for issuing such warnings. It is interesting to see that the EU’s European Floods Awareness System (EFAS) is specifically announced as being “an early flood warning system complimentary to national and regional systems. It provides the national institutes and the European Commission with information on possible river flooding to occur within the next three or more days. Since flood warning is a Member State responsibility, only archived flood warnings can be made publically available. The real-time warnings are made available to the national partner institutes only.”

Future meetings. The next session of WMO’s Congress will meet in Geneva from 25 May to 12 June 2015. This will be followed immediately by the next session of its Executive Council from 15 to 17 June 2015. The Council further tentatively scheduled the sixty-eighth session of the Council to be held at the WMO headquarters from 25 May to 3 June 2016. IUGG will be invited to send a representative to all three meetings (Arthur Askew, IUGG Liaison officer to WMO).

IUGG and climate services

The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) is, to quote the official wording, “a UN-led initiative spearheaded by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to guide the development and application of science-based climate information and services in support of decision-making. The GFCS has four initial priority sectors: agriculture and food security, water, health and disaster risk reduction. The vision of the GFCS is to enable society to better manage the risks and opportunities arising from climate variability and change, especially for those who are most vulnerable to such risks. This will be done through development and incorporation of science-based climate information and prediction into planning, policy and practice. The greatest value of the GFCS will occur incrementally through the delivery of a multitude of climate services at national or local levels.” There is a lot of support for climate service activities at both national and international levels and the GFCS offers a new and logical framework within which to promote and coordinate such activities. Given the close association between WMO and IUGG over many decades, it was only logical that the Union expressed an interest in being involved in the GFCS. As a result, the Union has been invited to all GFCS meetings and is listed as a member of the Partner Advisory Committee. Having said this, IUGG now faces the challenge of identifying exactly how the Union can contribute to the GFCS and what it would gain by doing so. To this end, a panel discussion will be held during the IUGG General Assembly in Prague, where the Framework will be presented and the IUGG Associations most

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concerned will be invited to open a debate on how best the Union can respond to this new invitation to high-level co-operation (Arthur Askew, an IUGG Liaison Officer to the WMO).

COSPAR Council Meeting

The 40th Scientific Assembly of the ICSU Scientific Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) was held in Moscow, Russia, from 2 to 10 August 2014. The COSPAR Council met on Saturday, 2 August, and on Sunday, 10 August 2014 to consider several topics of major importance for the scientific committee. The COSPAR President G. Bignami presented his Presidential report and the COSPAR Executive Director J.-L. Fellous presented the activity report for the period since the 2012 COSPAR Scientific Assembly, including information on the activities of the COSPAR Scientific Advisory Committee. The COSPAR Treasurer presented the financial report including the report of the Finance Committee, execution of the 2012 and 2013 budgets, the 2014 and 2015 COSPAR budget considerations, and 2015 national contributions.

As mandated by the revised By-laws adopted by the Council at its 2012 meeting, by the time of the Assembly voting for the COSPAR President has to have taken place by correspondence. Two candidates were placed on the ballot: G. Bignami (Italy) and L. Fisk (USA). Ballots were counted at the Council meeting. The results of the voting on the election of the COSPAR President were announced: L. Fisk was elected the new President of COSPAR. The Council elected two Vice-Presidents, the Bureau, and the Finance Committee. A concern was expressed regarding the nomination and presentation of the candidates for the COSPAR vacant positions, particularly related to the gender issue and representation of the ICSU Scientific Unions.

The COSPAR Executive Director reported on the Capacity Building Workshops including (i) 16th COSPAR workshop in Beijing, China, September 2012, (ii) 17th COSPAR workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 2012, (iii) 18th COSPAR workshop in Xuyi, China, September 2013, (iv) 19th COSPAR workshop in Bangkok, Thailand, November 2013, and (v) 20th COSPAR workshop in Bandung, Indonesia, January 2014. Also, the Council was briefed on the 1st COSPAR Symposium which was held in Bangkok, Thailand, 11 – 15 November 2013, as well as on plans for future Symposia. A representative of the Local Organizing Committee of the 41st COSPAR Scientific Assembly (COSPAR 2016) presented a report on the activities related to the preparations to the meeting. The final registration fees were approved, and the Chair of the 2016 Scientific Program Committee was appointed.

COSPAR had received one bid from USA to hold the 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly in 2018 in Pasadena, California. Another bid was submitted to the Council members at the meeting from Malaysia. Both bids were presented to the Council. Without discussion and detailed consideration of each bid, the voting on the venue of the 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly was held. The results showed that the majority of votes went to Malaysia. At the next session of the Council, COSPAR Executive Director J.-L. Fellous and Vice President J. Wu informed the Council that the COSPAR Bureau considered the two bids carefully and expressed major concerns related to organization of the COSPAR Assembly in Malaysia in 2018. They presented the statistics related to Malaysian and US bids and the Bureau concerns to the Council. After intensive discussions, the Council decided to ask the Bureau to investigate the case within 1-2 months and to come with a report regarding the possibility of Malaysia to organize a COSPAR assembly in 2018.

At the second session of the Council, M. Panasyuk, Chair of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) reported on the registration statistics and other salient aspects of the 2014 COSPAR Assembly. 2,232 people from 74 countries attended the Assembly. In total 2,527 talks and 1,344 posters were presented. Two public lectures were delivered by V. Fortov, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (“Extreme State of Matter on the Earth and in the Space”) and V. Sadovnichii, Rector of the M.V. Lomonossov Moscow State University (“Space Education and Research: the Role of Universities”).

The Council was informed of the officers of the COSPAR Commissions/Panels elected or appointed by the Bureau. The reports of COSPAR Scientific Commissions and Technical Panels were distributed among the Council members. Particularly, (i) Commission A (Space Studies of the Earth's Surface, Meteorology and Climate) proposed to host a dedicated session on Geodesy/Solid Earth Geophysics at

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the next Scientific Assembly in Istanbul, Turkey in 2016; (ii) Commission B (Space Studies of the Earth-Moon System, Planets, and Small Bodies of the Solar System) proposed to reorganize the sub-commission B2 (International Coordination of Space Techniques in Geodesy), joint with IUGG/IAG (with proposed chair T. Duxbury and Vice Chair B. Archinal); and (iii) Technical Panel on Satellite Dynamics (PSD) proposed an event for the COSPAR 2016 Scientific Assembly with a tentative title “Earthquake revealed from space: observations, models and implications”. It was suggested to run the event together with IUGG/IAG.

The COSPAR Scientific Program was co-sponsored by many national, international and intergovernmental organizations including IUGG and its associations (IAGA and IAMAS) (Alik Ismail-Zadeh, COSPAR Council Delegate).

33rd Delegates Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is an interdisciplinary committee of the International Council for Science (ICSU). SCAR is charged with initiating, developing and coordinating high quality international scientific research in the Antarctic region including the Southern Ocean, and on the role of the Antarctic region in the Earth system.

The 33rd Delegates Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research was held in Auckland, New Zealand, 1-3 September 20141. SCAR has 31 full National Members, and 6 Associate National Members. At this 33rd meeting, the Czech Republic and the Islamic Republic of Iran were accepted as new Associate Members. Associate members are those countries which are still developing an independent Antarctic research program or which are planning a research program in the future. (The acceptance of the Czech Republic as a new SCAR member, already with a very active polar program, provided an opportunity for me to “advertise” the 26th IUGG General Assembly in Prague). There are also nine ICSU Union members of SCAR, including IUGG. Four of these were represented throughout the Delegates Meeting (IUGG, IUGS, IAU and IUPS), and a Delegate of IUBS attended for the agenda item concerned with Union members.

SCAR Delegates Meetings are held every two years to conduct administrative business and to formulate SCAR scientific policy and strategy. Ongoing SCAR science is managed by three Standing Scientific Groups (SSG) on Physical, Geo-, and Life Sciences. The SSGs on Physical Sciences and Geosciences have many overlapping scientific interests with all the disciplinary Associations of IUGG. SCAR focuses its internationally collaborative science efforts on high priority topics through Scientific Research Programmes (SRPs), which are often multi-disciplinary and are approved by Delegates. These receive management funding (not implementation funding) from SCAR for four years, and can be extended for another period. There are currently six SRPs, three of which are relevant to IUGG (broadly on: past ice sheet dynamics, present Antarctic climate evolution and ice sheet-solid earth interaction. See http://www.scar.org/srp). The existing SRPs are all continuing for at least several more years and this, because of funding limitations, precludes adoption of new research programs and directions until one or more of the existing ones are terminated.

A major topic of discussion at the meeting was the recently completed SCAR Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Horizon Scan. This widely consultative process assembled the world’s leading Antarctic scientists, policy makers, leaders, and visionaries to identify the most important scientific questions that should be addressed by research in and from the southern Polar Regions over the next two decades. The overarching themes and 80 priority scientific questions identified by this process are published as a comment in Nature (http://www.nature.com/news/polar-research-six-priorities-for-antarctic-science-1.15658) and as a paper in Antarctic Science (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102014000674) in more detail. Also at this meeting, SCAR commenced planning a strategic plan for 2017-2022 (further 5-years beyond the present plan for 2012-2017). It was my observation, stated at the meeting, that with SRPs lasting for up to eight years, and 1 Prior to the Delegates Meeting, and at the same venue, an Open Science Conference was held on the theme “Global Messages from Antarctica”. This attracted nearly 1,000 participants and demonstrated the breadth and quality of international science being carried out in the Antarctic region.

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“Horizon Scan” to 20 years and beyond, broad strategic thinking should extend further than a 5-year plan. Early career scientists will be extensively engaged in this strategic planning. SCAR was recently awarded the Prince Albert II of Monaco Prize for Biodiversity. This will be used to fund additional Fellowships for early career scientists, with a focus on biodiversity research.

The current President, Jerónimo López-Martínez (Spain) continues in that position and two new Vice Presidents were elected – Azizan Abu Samah (Malaysia) and Terry Wilson (USA). The 2016 SCAR Delegates Meeting and Open Science Conference will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 2018 Delegates Meeting and Open Science Conference will take place in Davos, Switzerland. Then, the Science Conference will be bi-polar, held in collaboration with the International Arctic Science Committee. It will be the first major multidisciplinary conference covering both Arctic and Antarctic science since the 2012 International Polar Year Conference in Montreal, Canada (Ian Allison, IUGG Liaison Officer and Delegate to SCAR).

Report on the CODATA General Assembly and the WDS Members’ Forum

Research data are essential to all scientific endeavors. The emerging cultures of data sharing and publication, open access to, and reuse of data are the positive signs of an evolving research environment. Nevertheless, several cultural and technological challenges are still preventing the research community from realizing the full benefits of these tendencies. The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) and the World Data System (WDS), interdisciplinary committees of the International Council for Science (ICSU) are together advancing this agenda by actively promoting effective data policies and good data management practices in the research community, to produce better science, which ultimately benefits society. As a major contribution to this effort, the two organizations co-sponsored and organized a high profile international biennial conference “Data Sharing and Integration for Global Sustainability” (SciDataCon 2014), 2-5 November 2014, in New Delhi, India, which examined, in an integrated way, the data issues at the heart of the global research questions.

SciDataCon 2014 was held in the Convention Centre of the Jawaharlal Nehru University on 2–5 November. This year the Conference brought together over 100 leading data scientists. Many Indian young researchers from Jawaharlal Nehru University took part in the conference activities. Unfortunately, due to visa problems, the President of CODATA Guo Huadong (China) was not able to participate in the conference. The same way, over 20 Chinese data specialists had no opportunity to deliver their talks in India. This issue was extensively discussed during the conference and the appropriate resolution was made during the 29th General Assembly of CODATA. Addressing the theme of Data Sharing and Integration for Global Sustainability, SciDataCon 2014 featured four main tracks: (A) Dynamic Planet, (B) Global Development, (C) Transformations Towards Sustainability, and (D) Data Science and Services. One of the main foci of the conference was to bridge cross-cutting data themes and research themes of Future Earth, an international research program on global sustainability, coordinated by ICSU and its partners, which will be launched in 2015. By focusing on the intersection of data issues and scientific research challenges – and by advancing data science and developing international data services – SciDataCon amplified the message of like-minded global data initiatives promoting data sharing and interoperability, such as the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and the recently established Research Data Alliance (RDA). The Conference keynote speakers were Paul Berkman (oceanographer, polar explorer, entrepreneur, Global Thought leader); Wu, Guoxiong (Chinese Academy of Sciences, former member of the ICSU Executive Board and the IUGG Executive Committee); Bina Agarwal (Future Earth Science Committee member); and Theodora Bloom (British Medical Journal). On the scientific session “Development of Earth and Space Science Data Networks” I made a presentation on the development of INTERMAGNET Russian segment that is also consistent with IUGG interests. The CODATA Prize 2014 was awarded to Sydney Hall (University of Western Australia in Perth, Australia).

The 29th General Assembly of CODATA was held in the Indian National Science Academy (INSA). Guo Huadong (China), President of CODATA, was not able to travel to India due to visa problems, and had to give his final speech as the CODATA President by a conference call. The assembly started with the election. In my talk I proposed to promote young scientists to the CODATA Executive

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Committee. During the Assembly, the new President and Vice-President of CODATA were elected. Geoffrey Boulton (UK) was elected new CODATA President, Niv Ahituv (Israel) and Takashi Gojobori (Japan) Vice Presidents. The new Executive Committee elected consists mostly of the same members as in the previous term. In addition, two new young scientists Alena Rybkina (Russia) and Paul Laughton (South Africa) were elected.

New members joined CODATA: The Netherlands, Kenya and RDA (Research Data Alliance). They made presentations about their view of future national and international CODATA activities. The main focus was on the promotion of CODATA activities among data and research communities and involving young scientists in CODATA working groups. Short reports on their data-related activities and requirements were prepared by CODATA Task Groups. The result of the voting procedure was that the following task groups were re-elected: Advancing Informatics for Microbiology; Anthropometric Data and Engineering; Data at Risk; Data Citation Standards and Practices; Earth and Space Science Data Interoperability; Linked Open Data for Global Disaster Risk Research; Global Roads Data Development; Preservation of and Access to Scientific and Technical Data in/for/with Developing Countries (PASTD). Two new CODATA Task Groups were elected: Interoperable Data Publications, and Science and the Management of Physical Objects in the Digital Era. One of the resolutions of the 29th General Assembly of CODATA was devoted to visa problems with the suggestion to apply for a tourist visa instead of a scientific one. This will be reported to ICSU by CODATA officers.

WDS Member`s Forum was held in the Convention Centre of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) on 2 November. Representatives of all WDS Regular and Network Members were taking part in the Forum and gave poster presentations updating their organizations' activities over the previous two years. During the Scientific Session WDS Members reported on their activities and gave oral presentations on topics of interest. After the Scientific Session the Plenary Session took place, where membership issues were discussed. The forum was chaired by Bernard Minster, Chair of the WDS Scientific Committee. Important results of the Forum are follows:

Reorganization of WDC and FAGS into WDS was a good move of ICSU and participating unions. As a result of this reorganization, major World Data Centers and Data Services were reinforced by numerous scientific discipline oriented data collections of national and international research institutes, laboratories and services.

It was the first time that the WDS forum and biennial CODATA international conference were run together in successful collaboration. The alignment with CODATA demonstrated a holistic approach to data acquisition, management, processing, and studies.

World Data Centers were well represented at the Forum. Unfortunately, Chinese World Data Centers could not attend due to visa problems.

The IUGG interest in developing WDS is linked to the fact that the data flow in Earth sciences is one of the largest (if not the largest), and the Union supports geodetic and geophysical data services (Alexei Gvishiani, IUGG Liaison officer to CODATA).

IGBP Steering Group Meeting

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) held its annual Steering Group meeting in Bangalore, India, 8-10 April 2014. The ICSU GeoUnions were invited to send a representative to the meeting to discuss involvements of the unions in the existing and new programs of IGBP and Future Earth. Professor Paul S. Monks of the University of Leicester, UK, who is a current member of IAMAS-iCACGP (International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution), was asked to represent the GeoUnions at the meeting.

The primary focus of the meeting was to review the progress of the IGBP core projects, which are global environmental change projects in research areas throughout the earth system. IUGG through in particular its commission IAMAS is a co-sponsor of two of the IGBP projects, the IGAC (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry) and SOLAS (Surface Ocean Lower Atmospheric Science). The other main elements of the meeting were to look at the transition to the new ICSU

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Programme, Future Earth which is a ten year international research initiative to develop the knowledge for responding effectively to the risk and opportunities of global environmental change and for supporting transformation towards global sustainability in the coming decades. The final element explored was the development of a final IGBP event in December 2015 at the AGU to overview the successes of 25 year + of IGBP global environmental change efforts.

IUGG has made clear its support for Future Earth whilst noting there are many elements from the IUGG International Scientific Associations and their associated programs that could have a major contribution to Future Earth. Particular projects of relevance to a Future Earth coming out of the International Association Hydrological Sciences as well as the Commission on Climate and Environmental Change were highlighted, in particular the new Panta Rhei project, as well as the Weatclifs (Weather, Climate and Food security). Some time was spent detailing the resolution in recognition of the establishment of Future Earth from the International Association of Meteorological and Atmospheric Sciences. This recognizes the scientific challenges facing the community but notes that observations remain a core part of gaining insight to change in the earth system, particularly in conjunction with the supporting modelling. IAMAS welcomed Future Earth and has urged its community and its components to fully engage with the activity, but also to sustain and draw upon the wider community from the unions. The recommendations that have been made in relationship to the continuation, evolution and expansion of the research encompassing IGBP were welcomed by the Steering Group and seemed to be key messages to Future Earth about the Unions continuing requirements and support for long-term data sets, field campaigns and the requisite analysis. The initiation development and sustenance of the co-operative programmers between the IUGG and its Associations and Future Earth are seen to have the potential to strengthen the diverse needs of Future Earth. Finally, special attention was paid to education and training and mentoring in the natural social sciences that were felt to be key underpinning activities that are important to the Unions and would bring substantial benefit to Future Earth (Paul Monks).

GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION

In 2014 IUGG awarded six grants (US$20,000 in total) to support workshops and training schools organized by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP, Trieste, Italy) as recommended by the IUGG Committee on Capacity Building and Education and in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding between IUGG and ICTP signed in 2011. The list of the events co-sponsored by IUGG is as follows:

– Seventh ICTP Workshop on the Theory and Use of Regional Climate Models, 12-23 May, ICTP

– Summer School on Attribution and Prediction of Extreme Events, 21 July - 1 August, ICTP – School on Solar Variability and Its Impact on Climate, 13 October - 17 October, ICTP – Advanced Workshop and School on Megathrust Earthquakes and Tsunamis, 13 October - 25

October, ICTP – Workshop on Geophysical Monitoring and Modeling for Sustainable Energy and Geohazard

Solutions (Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania), 22 June - 5 July – African School on the Impact of the Sun on Ionosphere: Physics and Applications (Kigali,

Rwanda), 1 July - 12 July.

Founded in 1964 by the late Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam and co-sponsored by UNESCO, IAEA, and the Italian government, ICTP (www.ictp.it) seeks to accomplish its mandate by providing scientists from developing countries with the continuing education and skills that they need to enjoy long and productive careers. ICTP has been a major force in stemming the scientific brain drain from the developing world. The impact of ICTP extends well beyond the Centre's facilities to virtually every corner of the Earth. The Earth System Physics (ESP) Section of ICTP studies a wide spectrum of the Earth system, from its fluid components (oceans and the atmosphere) to the planet's interior.

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37

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38

studying the ocean climate system. Additionally, MOM has been used in regional and coastal applications, with many new features in the latest version of the model aimed at supporting this work. The model is developed by researchers from around the world, with the main algorithm development and software engineering provided by NOAA/GFDL. This world-leading model is freely available. Present and earlier versions of MOM have been used in hundreds of scientific papers by authors from around the world, and thousands of users are actively using MOM for different applications. For example, MOM is used as the basis for the El Nino prediction system employed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, USA. The activity was based on lectures from world experts in ocean modeling and forecasting.

The School was organized in daily morning sessions with key lectures divided into two main streams (Part A: Fundamentals and Part B: Applications), and daily afternoon sessions devoted to practical training (Part C: Hands-on sessions). Practical sessions were the backbone of the School, with hands-on training in the use of ocean models. The students were guided through the necessary steps for setting up a simulation, from generating the input fields to choosing the appropriate physical settings, to finally analyzing and post processing the data. As all ICTP activities, the School was intended for students and young researchers from developing countries and provided them with a great knowledge and understanding on the subject, leading to improvements in their research, knowledge transfer and capacity building. The students had the chance to acquire both the theoretical and the practical necessary knowledge for using ocean climate models. It is of primary importance to train and foster research in ocean modeling and forecasting in developing countries since those regions tend to be associated with large coastal areas and problems related to climate change. It is thus necessary to provide scientists from developing countries with the necessary tools to establish and promote their own ocean modeling studies and projects. A sound knowledge of ocean physics, improved forecast of weather and climate as well as sustainable development of ocean ecosystems and coastal areas are essential to improve the quality of life in many developing countries. The School benefited from the input of leading experts in the field, local scientists and technical staff, as well as motivated and talented participants. The overall success was finally achieved by the fantastic international and multicultural environment, and the generous Indian hospitality.

Workshop on GNSS Data Application to low Latitude Ionospheric Research

The Workshop was held from 6 to 17 May 2013 at ICTP, Trieste, Italy, under an international partnership between the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, and Boston College (BC), Chestnut Hill, USA, with the participation of the European Space Agency (ESA). The Workshop was designed with activities to give an in-depth view, particularly of science applications of GNSS technology and ionospheric research in low latitude regions. International experts in the field have generously donated their time to participate in this Workshop as lecturers. They were 17 persons from nine countries. 198 persons applied for the Workshop. From this number, 66 were selected to participate, and five cancelled their participation. Finally, participants from 26 countries were represented: Africa (26 participants); Asia (16 participants); Latin America (10 participants) and Europe (9 participants). The following topics were covered during the lectures, and computer laboratory work done in 18 sessions: Fundamentals and Applications of GNSS; Basics on the ionosphere and space weather effects; Low Latitude Ionosphere; GNSS derived ionospheric data; Ionospheric models; Ionospheric irregularities in low latitudes; Data assimilation in ionospheric models; Ionospheric specification and forecast in low latitudes; Longitudinal differences in low latitude ionosphere; Low latitude ionosphere effects on Satellite Navigation Systems. A session of the Workshop was dedicated to the European Space Agency ALCANTARA Initiative on Ionospheric Ground Based Monitoring Networks in Low-Latitudes Regions.

It has to be noted that the training and awareness efforts undertaken for Africa in the framework of the partnership between ICTP and BC, and in other similar contexts, are showing clearly the benefits. ICTP and BC have promoted the participation of African professors and their students in the series of Workshops carried out in Trieste, and have also promoted, and supported, similar Workshops in Africa. The number of universities involved in Space Weather and Ionospheric research in Africa has increased substantially in the last 4/5 years. Several graduate students are now involved, or have

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40

Sir Peter Gluckman, Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of New Zealand, delivered a keynote speech, pointing out that researchers have to find an answer to the challenge of responding to disruptive changes that are underway in science. “The rise of open science and the massive expansion of the scientific endeavor accompanied by the rise of the celebrity scientist and the very individualistic reward system of public science has exposed a number of issues about the integrity of the science system itself.” Gluckman stressed the importance of public trust in science – which is essential for solving the key challenges society faces in the 21st century. “Science systems are changing rapidly, and if we do not manage these changes properly, they can contribute to loss of public trust,” he said.

At the ICSU General Assembly Alik Ismail-Zadeh, IUGG Secretary General, presented a report on disaster risk assessment initiative developed by ICSU during the last years. Particularly he mentioned that in 2014 an ad-hoc group including experts from the ICSU and ISSC Executive Board, IRDR, concerned International Scientific Unions, and ICSU Regional Offices was established with the goal to prepare a credible synthesis paper articulating the urgent need for science-driven disaster risk reduction based upon integrated research and assessment of the risks. The scoping paper should be primarily addressed to those taking part in events immediately leading up to the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR, Sendai, Japan, 14-18 March 2015), as well as the Conference itself, and will set out cogent arguments in favor of an authoritative mechanism for providing on a regular basis the scientific assessment and synthesis of the policy-relevant results of peer-reviewed published research. This periodic assessment would cover: (i) understanding natural hazards and the vulnerability associated with disasters; (ii) the capability of predictive systems to disseminate timely and accurate information needed for policy and decision making; (iii) methodologies and approaches for reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience of societies; and (iv) the overall ability of societies to reduce risk (through the prevention, mitigation and preparations for the increasing impact of natural events). The assessment would contribute to the significant enhancement of our knowledge of disaster risk at global, regional, and local levels and the awareness of those living with risk. The assessment should be undertaken by a high-level, multidisciplinary body of experts on disaster risk reduction to be established by national governments together with international scientific organizations dealing with disaster risks. The report was favorably accepted by the Delegates of the assembly. The ICSU General Assembly endorsed the initiative and decided: (i) To recognize the initiative on disaster risk assessment so far undertaken by IRDR, the International Scientific Unions, and the ICSU Regional Offices; (ii) To request the Executive Board to work closely with UNISDR and other international and intergovernmental bodies to integrate scientific knowledge and assessment into decision-making and actions related to disaster risk reduction; and (iii) To invite individual ICSU National Members to actively encourage their governments to support the proposed intergovernmental disaster risk assessment process.

Daya Reddy, an internationally recognized mathematician from South Africa, became the new ICSU President-elect. Other Members elected to the ICSU Executive Board are: Vice-President for Scientific Planning and Review Li Jinghai (China: CAST), Vice-President for External Relations Michael Clegg (USA), Secretary General David Black (Australia), Treasurer Barbara Erazmus (France); Ordinary Members (from the National Membership): John Ball (UK), Raghavendra Gadagkar (India), Nicole Moreau (France), Kazuyuki Tatsumi (Japan), Manuel de León (Spain), John Buckeridge (Australia), Orhan Altan (Turkey), and Cheryl de la Rey (South Africa).

Gordon McBean, former IUGG Bureau Member, assumed the presidency of ICSU by the closure of the 31st General Assembly. In his inaugural address, Gordon McBean said that he was “very proud of the role the Council has played, and will continue to play, in planning, coordinating and 'making happen' global scale research for the benefits for all societies.” He emphasized that the Council will continue to provide societies and governments with policy relevant science that can and should form the basis policy making. “I am very proud to be your new President and look forward to working with you now and in the future," he concluded.

2014 ICSU grant to IUGG

The International Council for Science (ICSU) awarded EUR 30,000 to the IUGG project proposal “Uniting and networking the magnetic community in the northern Indian Ocean region

41

(MAGNIO)”. The project is supported by the ICSU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP), the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR-NGRI), WDC-Edinburgh and the Geomagnetism Team (both the British Geological Survey). The region of the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) is straddled by the magnetic Dip Equator, where magnetic and ionospheric phenomena have been poorly constrained in present global models. The MAGNIO project seeks to enhance the geomagnetic data quality and the network at the margins of NIO where data are sparse, by implementing relevant techniques for data acquisition and processing at all observatories in this region. It will serve as a nucleus for pooling and archiving the available data to analyze the region-specific aspects of the geomagnetic field. It also aims to bring together the different communities who work with different aspects of the geomagnetic field and germinate a nodal body who continues to reframe the standards and benchmarks in the region of NIO in future. A series of meetings and an international workshop will be organized to put in place the new standards and also to train scientists in requisite aspects of science and technology. This will be achieved by establishing collaboration between observatories in the countries of the region. MAGNIO will provide (i) opportunities for novice and experienced observers to interact and define techniques of measurement and (ii) the impetus to create a nucleus of measurement and research in geomagnetic variation studies across south and south-east Asia. The high precision data generated will contribute significantly to refined global models of geomagnetic field variations. This is of special importance at present in view of the successful launch of the Swarm satellite mission dedicated to the observation of the Earth’s magnetic field from space. Charters for interlinking the different user communities of the participating countries for proper dissemination of near real time data will be initiated. Implementation schedules and methods will be mapped out to ensure the generation of uniformly high quality data for the region. Improvements in the end products through the use of high quality data will be documented and can lead to specific applied research in future.

Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles

A group of experts and organizations, including ICSU-CODATA and ICSU-WDS and building on the work of the ICSTI-CODATA Task Group on Data Citation, developed a common set of high-level principles on data citation, which is recognized as a key missing element of the research data infrastructure. There are many improvements that can and should be made to make communicating research data more efficient and effective so that the work developing and sharing research data is better recognized and rewarded. The group issued the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (http://www.force11.org/datacitation). As the preamble to those eight short consensus principles states, they are not meant as a blueprint for implementation of data citation policies and practices, but as high-level guidance for scientific organizations and sectors to develop and then implement a data citation protocol. These principles integrate the emerging consensus of several different international groups working in the data citation arena. The principles were broadly reviewed and discussed over the past several months. The full record of review comments and other supporting information may also be found at the link above. Based on the recommendations of the IUGG Union Commission on Geophysical Data and Information and Liaison Officer to CODATA, IUGG formally endorsed the declaration (http://www.force11.org/datacitation/endorsement).

ICSU GEOUNIONS

The GeoUnions (GUs) is a network of representatives of the international scientific unions of the International Council for Sciences (ICSU) dealing with Earth and space sciences. The GUs established a Steering Committee in 2004 (in Paris, France) to promote the sciences worldwide, to communicate and to coordinates scientific activities of individual unions, and to speak on behalf of GUs members to ICSU Executive Board, ICSU Members and its interdisciplinary bodies and at international level, especially to the United Nations organizations and other global stakeholders. The current Members of the GUs are:

42

– the International Astronomical Union (IAU), – the International Cartographical Association (ICA), – the International Geographical Union (IGU), – the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA), – the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), – the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), – the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), – the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS), and – the International Union of Radio Science (URSI).

More information on GeoUnions can be found at: http://www.icsu-geounions.org/.

GeoUnions Business Meeting

The Steering Committee of GeoUnions (GUs) met in Auckland, New Zealand on 30 August 2014 on the occasion of the ICSU General Assembly. Representatives of seven Unions participated in the meeting. Ron Abler (Past President of the International Geographical Union) chaired the Steering Committee. IUGG was represented by Harsh Gupta (President), Alik Ismail-Zadeh (Secretary General and Vice-Chair of the GUs Steering Committee), and Tom Beer (IUGG Past President).

The representatives of GeoUnions discussed the important topics related to the Agendas of the Scientific Unions Meeting (held on 31 August) and the 31st ICSU General Assembly (held from 31 August to 3 September). IUGG and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) initiated a discussion on the program of Future Earth and highlighted the fact that a very important component related to the physical and chemical processes within solid Earth is missing from the proposed program of Future Earth. These processes are responsible for causing earthquakes, landslides, inundations, volcanoes, providing the material for soil development within which plants grow and all related phenomena affecting environment and society. Continuously improving the understanding of these processes is essential for a better life on Planet Earth and its sustainability. It was decided that GeoUnions should raise the topic of underrepresentation of solid Earth science in the program of Future Earth both at the Unions meeting and at the General Assembly. Harsh Gupta (IUGG President) and Roland Oberhaensli (IUGS President) discussed it during the ICSU meetings and sent a letter to the leadership of Future Earth on behalf of GUs.

Alik Ismail-Zadeh provided information about the initiative proposed by IUGG, GUs, and the Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Scientific Program (IRDR) on disaster risk assessment and pointed to the relevant topic of the Agenda of the ICSU General Assembly. He presented this initiative to the General Assembly on 2 September. GUs nominated Orhan Altan (the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing - ISPRS) for the position of an ICSU Executive Board Member, and he was elected to the Board on 3 September. The International Cartographic Association (ICA) applied to become a Union Member of ICSU, and the General Assembly approved this application. Congratulations to ICA, a new member of the Earth and space cluster of ICSU!

Three draft applications for the 2015 ICSU Grants Programme have been presented and discussed at the meeting: (i) on supporting Future Earth with Global Geo-information (led by ISPRS), (ii) on future Earth and space science and education (led by IUGG), and (iii) on resourcing new generations (led by IUGS). Also the Steering Committee discussed cooperation within three forthcoming international years: International Year of Global Understanding (IYGU) led by the International Geographical Union (IGU); 2015 International Year of Soils (IYS) led by the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS); and the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL 2015) co-sponsored by the International Union of Radio Sciences (URSI). Orhan Altan briefly presented a follow-up joint GUs Booklet Project related to disaster risk management (DRM) and geoinformation products and services. Alik Ismail-Zadeh assumed the position of Chair of the GUs Steering Committee. Ron Abler was thanked for chairing the Steering Committee for the last three years.

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IUGG BECOMES A PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATION OF GEO

The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) is coordinating efforts to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). GEO was launched in response to calls for action by the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and by the G8 (Group of Eight) leading industrialized countries. These high-level meetings recognized that international collaboration is essential for exploiting the growing potential of Earth observations to support decision making in an increasingly complex and environmentally stressed world. GEO is a voluntary partnership of governments and international organizations. It provides a framework for developing new projects and coordinating strategies and investments among partners. As of 2014, GEO’s Members include 90 Governments, the European Commission, and 77 intergovernmental, international, and regional Participating Organizations with a mandate in Earth observation or related issues.

The GEO-X Plenary and the Geneva Ministerial were held from 12 to 17 January 2014 in Geneva, Switzerland. At the first session of the Geo-X Plenary, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) was unanimously recognized as a new Participating Organization of GEO. Three IUGG bodies were already Participating Organizations in GEO: the International Association of Geodesy (IAG); FDSN Commission of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI); and International Ozone Commission of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). For the last years GEO expanded its Societal Benefit Areas of Interests including Climate, Disasters, Water and Weather.

At the Geneva Ministerial on 17 January 2014, GEO received unanimous endorsement to unleash the power of open data for a second decade (2015-2025). There was agreement to continue building on the organization’s first 10 years of pioneering environmental advances, which are designed to improve the quality of life of people everywhere. GEO’s efforts are now evident in most regions of the world.

Report on the XI GEO Plenary

The XI Plenary of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) was held on 13-14 November in Geneva, Switzerland. As a Participating Organization of GEO, IUGG was invited to attend the meeting. The IUGG Secretary General Alik Ismail-Zadeh represented the Union and addressed the Plenary. The following topics were considered at the meeting: (i) GEO Strategic and Implementation Plans for 2016-2025; (ii) GEO engagement strategy; (iii) data management principles and mechanisms to ensure legal interoperability of shared data; (iv) monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS); and (v) AfriGEOSS implementation plan. The Plenary approved the budget for 2015 and the membership of the implementation board, updated the rules of procedure, and considered the GEO Executive Committee and the financial reports. The XII GEO Plenary and the Ministerial Summit will be held in the fall of 2015.

First Meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly Resolution (A/RES/67/209) decided to hold the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in Sendai, Japan, 14-18 March 2015 (http://www.wcdrr.org/). A delegation led by the International Council for Science (ICSU), as the organizing partner of the UN Science and Technology (S&T) Major Group, took part in the First Meeting of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom1) for WCDRR. The PrepCom1 was held in the UN Office in Geneva, Switzerland, 14-15 July, in order to prepare for the conference in Sendai, where governments are due to approve a new global framework for reduction of disaster risks to replace the current Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015), which was designed to build the resilience of nations and communities to disasters.

The S&T Major Group delegation brought together representatives of several organizations including IUGG, the Inter Academy Partnership, the Global Young Academy, the UKCDS, Public Health England, and the Science and Technical Advisory Group of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) as well as experts from Latin America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. The S&T Major Group focused its interventions on the recommendation to establish an international

44

science advisory mechanism for disaster risk reduction. Rüdiger Klein, Executive Director of the Integrated Research on Disaster Risk programme (IRDR), delivered the first statement to the Plenary on behalf of the Major Group (see the statement at the UNISDR website: http://www.preventionweb.net/files/globalplatform/statementscienceandtechnology.pdf). The statement mentions the importance of mutual reinforcement of strategies for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. Irasema Alcántara Ayala, a representative of the ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (ROLAC), delivered the second statement at the meeting highlighting the role of science in promoting a holistic and integrated approach by identifying critical inter-linkages, synergies and trade-offs. The final statement at the meeting was delivered by Alik Ismail-Zadeh, IUGG General Secretary. The statement emphasizes three important scientific contributions to disaster risk reduction: (i) integrated research on disaster risks, (ii) periodic scientific assessment of disaster risks, and (iii) the international science advisory mechanism to assist in research, monitoring and assessment of disaster risks. The full statement can be found in the Appendix below.

Many of the country statements emphasized the need for science and technology at the local and national levels. They requested more capacity building, better knowledge transfer and accessibility to data, more comprehensive multi-hazard risk assessment and monitoring that would contribute more strongly to deliver innovative solutions for disaster risk reduction, a government and civil society requirement. A Joint UN Statement conveys the view that “the future framework should recognize that the management of disaster risk requires prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction measures, all of which should be informed by risk assessments ... Risk assessment, including analyses of hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities and capacities, and effective risk communication are fundamental for risk-informed development planning across all sectors”. Among other commitments, the UN Statement supports “assessing and communicating risk that informs national and local development policies, programming and actions across sectors, and that maximize information available from the development, climate change and disaster risk management communities” as well as “the proposed creation of an international science advisory mechanism to strengthen the evidence base for the implementation and monitoring of the new framework”.

Statement delivered by Mr Alik Ismail-Zadeh, IUGG Secretary-General, on 15 July 2014, PrepCom1, Geneva, Switzerland, on behalf of the Science and Technology Major Group, coordinated by ICSU.

Disaster risk reduction - including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, warning systems and recovery - requires long-term planning. For this, a science-driven approach is needed to monitor, understand, and assess disaster risks at all levels. Recognizing this, the Science and Technology major group is calling for the establishment of an international science advisory mechanism for disaster risk reduction to strengthen the evidence base for effective reduction of disaster risk and for enhancement of resilience. The mechanism will provide scientific information to support countries and other stakeholders, to implement and to monitor progress on disaster risk reduction in the context of the post 2015 sustainable development agenda and the successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action.

In support of this mechanism, the group proposes to strengthen integrated research on disaster risk (i) emphasizing the importance of co-design of research with public, private and civil society stakeholders, (ii) ensuring that all the necessary natural and social sciences, engineering, health and humanity disciplines are deployed to conduct research, and (iii) connecting research, policy and practice on disaster risk reduction and resilience across sectors and scales.

The Science and Technology major group recognizes also the importance of establishing and promoting authoritative international disaster risk assessments on a regular basis. Such assessments should provide governments and society with scientific assessments and syntheses of the policy-relevant results of the best available research. Periodic assessments would significantly enhance our knowledge of disaster risk at local, regional, national and global levels and the awareness of those living with risk.

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ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION ASSOCIATIONS The following reports, prepared by the Secretaries General of the eight Associations of IUGG:

International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS)

International Association of Geodesy (IAG)

International Association of Geomagnetism & Agronomy (IAGA)

International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)

International Association of Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS)

International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO)

International Association of Seismology & Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI)

International Association of Volcanology & Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI)

The reports illustrate the impressive range of activities within each Association as well as their dedication to supporting science within developing countries.

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46

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49

The IACS dinner known as Festa Cryospherica will be held at Bastion Restaurant in Prague, immediately following the Plenary Admistrative Session.

IACS will hold its annual Bureau meetings in Prague. The closed bureau meetings will be held on Monday 22nd June and Monday 29th June.

IACS will hold its open Bureau meeting on Wednesday 24th June in the evening (6-8 pm). IACS is co-sponsoring an event by the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) in

the evening of Saturday 27th June.

Submitted by Charles Fierz, IACS President

Andrew Mackintosh, IACS Secretary General

INTROD Geodesyand orierotation.research technolofigure, roThe stru(ICCT), and the commissproblemmeans owork of frame foto the scinformatIAG’s aBureau abodies; Executivassists thGeodesis ADMIN IAG Co The IAGSecretaryyears) re IAG Ex The IAGDecemb

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50

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2015.

CA/USA, f the IAG

51

Services (see below). All IAG components (Commissions, ICCT, Services, GGOS, COB) presented their activity reports, the members at large reported on the developing countries, and the editors of the Journal of Geodesy and the IAG Series (published by Springer) gave overviews on the status of recent publications. The meeting summaries are regularly published in the IAG Website (www.iag-aig.org). IAG Bureau The IAG Bureau held monthly teleconferences to facilitate day-to-day decisions. The IAG President, the Vice-President and the Secretary represented IAG in various scientific meetings (see below). IAG Office Main activities of the IAG Office were the organisation of the EC meetings including the formulation of detailed minutes for the EC and summaries for the IAG homepage and the Journal of Geodesy, the preparation of the IAG Symposia at the IUGG General Assembly 2015, and the financial affairs. ACTIVITIES Commissions, Inter-Commission Committee, and Services The four IAG Commissions (Reference Frames, Gravity Field, Earth Rotation and Geodynamics, Positioning and Applications), the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT), and the fourteen Services maintain their individual Webpages (all accessible via the IAG Homepage). Several Services and sub-components (Sub-Commissions, Working and Study Groups) held their administrative meetings (Coordinating, Directing or Governing Board), and symposia and workshops (see below). Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) GGOS realised its restructuring, in particular the integration of the Working Groups in the two Bureaus (Networks and Observations, Products and Standards). The GGOS Strategic Plan was revised and an inventory of standards and conventions was drafted. The GGOS Coordinating Board met twice (April and December) and the GGOS Consortium met once (December). The outreach is done via the GGOS Portal and webpages (www.ggos.org). GGOS represents the IAG in the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) and in the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (GGIM). Communication and Outreach Branch (COB) The publication of the monthly Newsletters (online and in the Journal of Geodesy), and the maintenance of the IAG Homepage were the main activities of the COB. The IAG Newsletter is sent to the IAG members, to the Presidents and Secretaries General of the IUGG Associations, and to the members of the Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies (JBGIS). Important Meetings of IAG Components and IAG Sponsored Meetings in 2014 European VLBI Network Technical and Operations Group (EVN TOG) Meeting, Bad Koetzting,

Germany, 23-24 January 2014; International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) General Meeting, Shanghai, China,

02-07 March 2014; European Reference System (EUREF) Symposium, Vilnius, Lithuania, June 04-06, 2014; International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop "Celebrating 20 Years of Service", Pasadena, CA,

USA, 23-27 June 2014; 3rd International Gravity Field Service (IGFS) General Assembly, Shanghai, China, 30 June - 06

July 2014;

InternMatsu

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national Symushima, MiyWEGENER s, UK, 01-04

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53

Schools organised by the IAG School on Vertical Reference Systems (Escuela SIRGAS en sistemas verticales de referencia), La

Paz, Bolivia, 20-22 November 2014. Cooperation with other Organisations The IAG maintains close cooperation with several organisations outside IUGG: Advisory Board on the Law of the Sea (ABLOS with IAG presidency), Group on Earth Observation (GEO), International Standards Organisation (ISO, TC211 Geographic Information / Geomatics), Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies (JBGIS), United Nations Offices for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA, with Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, UN-SPIDER, and International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, ICG), and the United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). Publications The monthly issues of the Journal of Geodesy and the proceedings of the IAG Symposia at the IUGG General Assembly 2011 (IAG Symposia Series, Vol. 139) and the Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems (Vol. 140, on-line) were the main publications in 2014. Awards, Anniversaries, Obituaries 14 travel awards were granted to young scientists for participation in 6 symposia. The individual IAG membership (ca. 200 members) was regularly updated. An obituary was written for the former IAG Secretary General Christian Tscherning. PLANNED FUTURE ACTIVITIES The main activities in the future will concentrate on the assessment and eventual restructuring of the IAG Services and the full implementation of all GGOS components.

Submitted by

Hermann Drewes, IAG Secretary General

In

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held in Prague, Czech Republic, from 22 June to 2 July 2015, the release of the 12th Generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, results related to the one-year in orbit of ESA's Swarm constellation, and to the excellent results of scientific workshops. Preparations for the 26th General Assembly of the IUGG (Please, visit the IUGG2015 website for the latest news: http://www.iugg2015prague.com) The IAGA Vice-President Eduard Petrovsky has been working tirelessly as Programme Committee Chair, along with the Secretaries-General of all IUGG Associations, to ensure a successful meeting. Associated with this meeting IAGA will organize the second IAGA Summer School, based on the outstanding success of the first that was organized in 2013. The 12th Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field IAGA has released the 12th International Geomagnetic Reference Field — the latest version of a standard mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field, widely used in studies of the Earth's deep interior, its lithosphere, and ionosphere and magnetosphere. The coefficients for this degree/order 13 field model were finalized by an IAGA task force in December 2014. The IGRF is the product of a collaborative effort between magnetic field modelers and institutes involved in collecting and disseminating geomagnetic field data from satellites, as well from observatories and surveys around the world. The 12th IGRF coefficients were computed from candidate sets of coefficients produced by the participating members of IAGA Working Group V-MOD. Their institutes and the many organizations involved in operating magnetic satellites, observatories, magnetic survey programmes and World Data Centers and Data Services are to be thanked for their continuing support of the IGRF model. More information: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html Swarm ESA selected Swarm as the fifth explorer mission in ESA’s Living Planet Programme. The mission, consisting of three spacecraft, was successfully launched on November 22, 2013. Swarm satellites started their highly successful mapping of the Earth’s magnetic field, electric field and other geophysical parameters. Since then, the 3rd Swarm Science Meeting took place in Copenhagen in June 2014, key publications have been issues and scientists have been working at full pace for the consolidation of the instrument calibration. The Swarm 4th Data Quality Workshop was organised in December at GFZ in Potsdam. During this meeting, a Swarm Initial magnetic Field Model (SIFM) was presented; this model confirms that Swarm indeed provides by far the best-ever measurements of the Earth’s magnetic field. Even at the present relative high orbit altitude of the satellites, the magnetic data are already outperforming previous missions. This is very promising and it confirms that Swarm is well under way to set new scientific standards in the coming years. Sponsored Topical Meetings As usual, there has been a good range of IAGA-supported meetings and workshops this year, about which there is more information in IAGA 2014 Newsletter. The IAGA sponsored a topical meeting during 2014: 20 - 23 Jan The 6th VLF/ELF Remote Sensing of

Ionospheres and Magnetospheres Workshop

Dunedin, New Zeeland

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The close cooperation of IAHS with UNESCO, WMO and the UN-Water coordination mechanism has been continued. We have attended the annual steering committee meeting of UN Water, the WMO CHy advisory board meeting, the UNESCO-IHP Bureau and council meetings, IUGG meetings. FUTURE ACTIVITIES 2015 activities will essentially develop at the IUGG Prague assembly, and through the Panta Rhei decade intensification. All information about IAHS activities are available on the WEB at www.iahs.info

Submitted by Christophe Cudennec, IAHS Secretary General

In

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ICDM (http://icdm.atm.ucdavis.edu) Commission members are contributing to and editing a volume in the IUGG special Publication Series with Cambridge University Press originating from presentations at an international workshop held in 2012 in Kunming, China. The commission made significant input to the first World Weather Open Science Conference convened by the World Meteorological Organization; in August 2014 it assembled 1000 participants from meteorological services, research laboratories, university institutes, and from end-users in Montreal, Canada (www.wwosc2014.com/welcome_e.shtml; cf. Fig. 1). ICMA (www.icma-iamas.org) Recent workshops organized or co-sponsered by ICMA members include the 5th international HEPPA workshop in May 2014 in Baden-Baden, Germany (www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/1486.php) and the 13th quadrennial solar-terrestrial physics symposium in October 2014 in Xi’An, China (http://stp13.csp.escience.cn). IO3C (http://ioc.atmos.illinois.edu) Commission members contributed to the WMO/UNEP 2014-Assessment on the state of the ozone layer (download from http://ozone.unep.org/en/scientific_assessment_2014.php). A press release on the state of the ozone layer was issued (http://ioc.atmos.illinois.edu/press/IO3C%20Press%20Release%20-%202014.pdf ) in September. ICPAE (http://icpae.physics.ox.ac.uk/Welcome.html ) The commission organized the Titan Through Time workshop in April 2014 in Laurel, Maryland, USA, which attracted 65 international experts of Titan’s atmosphere over seasonal, astronomical and geological timescales. ICPAE members celebrated the tenth anniversary of Cassini-Huygens' arrival in the Saturn system in July 2014, and were deeply involved in responding to ESA’s Cosmic Vision and NASA’s Discovery-class calls for future mission concepts, including spacecraft to explore Venus, Saturn’s interior and the ice giants Uranus and Neptune. ESA’s first large-class (L1) mission, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) was formally adopted in November 2014 to enter the detailed design phase; it has ICPAE members on many of the science teams. ICPM (www.icpm-iamas.aq) The commission contributed to the Open Science Conference of ICSU’s Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) held 23 August – 3 September 2014 in Auckland, New Zealand (www.scar2014.com) and it was much involved in organizing the 9th workshop on Antarctic Meteorological Observations, Modeling & Forecasting in June in Charleston, South Carolina, USA (http://amrc.ssec.wisc.edu/meetings/meeting2014/). IRC (www.irc-iamas.org ) Commission members contributed to the formulation of the Statement of Radiation Management for Climate Engineering (http://www.irc-iamas.org/files/IRC_Statement_Climate_Engineering.pdf). IAMAS liaisons to other organizations SCOR: Athena Coustenis attended the 32th General Meeting in September at the University of Bremen, Germany. WMO: Hans Volkert visited the WMO-Secretariat in Geneva in April and November and contributed to the preparation of WWOSC and the wrapping-up of the THORPEX initiative, respectively. More information about both liaising activities can be found in the detailed reports to IUGG. FUTURE ACTIVITIES All commissions are engaged in the planning of symposia at the 26th IUGG General Assembly in summer 2015 in Prague, Czech Republic (http://www.iugg2015prague.com/scientific-program.htm). At this occasion, the Bureau for the period 2015-2019 will be elected. The following IAMAS assembly will be held jointly with IAGA and IAPSO in August 2015 in Cape Town, South Africa.

Submitted by Hans Volkert, IAMAS Secretary General

Inter

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65

– P05 Southern Hemispheric Forcing of the MOC and Carbon Cycle in Past, Present, and Future Climate Change. Convener: L. Beal (USA), Co-conveners: G. Marino (Australia), K. Kohfeld (Canada), M. Krug (South Africa), S. Dong (USA)

– P06 The Southern Ocean: where Ocean, Ice and Atmosphere Meet. Convener: K. Heywood (UK). Co-conveners: A. Wåhlin (Sweden), A. Thompson (USA), R. Tarakanov (Russia)

– P07 Chemical Trends and Impacts on Ecosystems. Convener: D. Smythe-Wright (UK), Co-conveners: E. Yakushev (Norway)

– P08 MOC and Deep Currents. Convener: C. Meinen (USA), Co-conveners: E. Morozov (Russia), E. Frajka-Williams (UK), S. Drijfhout (Netherlands)

– P09 The North Atlantic and Climate Change. Convener: S. Josey (UK), Co-conveners: S. Gulev (Russia), B. Hansen (Faroe Islands), S. Lozier (USA), P. Myers (Canada), F. Perez (Spain)

– P10 Sub-Mesoscale Eddies. Convener: M. Sokolovskiy (Russia), Co-conveners: X. Carton (France), K. Koshel (Russia), Y. Cotroneo (Italy)

– P11 Wind Waves, Including Extreme Waves. Convener: F. Qiao (China). Co-conveners: E. Pelinovsky (Russia), A. Babanin (Australia), C. Guan (China)

– P12 Indian Ocean Expedition I to Indian Ocean Expedition 2 - Five Decades of Indian Ocean Oceanography: Challenges in Physics and Biogeochemistry of Indian Ocean. Convener: S. Shenoi (India), Co-conveners: M. McPhaden (USA); Y. Masumoto (Japan); R. Hood (USA)

– P13 Internal waves dynamics in world oceans: from remote sensing, in situ monitoring to numerical modeling. Convener: X. Chen (China), Co-conveners: L. Qiang (China), R. Grimshaw (UK)

– U7 The Potential for Carbon- and Climate-Engineering to Offset Global Change. Convener: Tim Kruger, Oxford, U.K.

– JP1 Sea Level Change and Variability: Past, Present and Future. Convener: G. Mitchum, USA. Co-convener: P. Woodworth, UK

– JP2 The Potential for Carbon- and Climate-Engineering to Offset Global Change. Convener: T. Kruger, U.K.

– JP4 Satellite Oceanography and Climatology. Convener: A. Kostianoy, Russia, Co-conveners: S. Vignudelli, Italy, J. Benvenist, Italy

– JP5 Tsunamis. Convener: V. Titov, USA, Co-convener: S. Tinti, Italy – JP6 Acoustical Oceanography. Convener: Silvia Blanc, Argentina Joint symposia Co-convened by IAPSO (only IAPSO Co-conveners are reported): – JC1 Sea Ice in the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Co-conveners: G. Bjork, Sweden, A. Marchenko,

Norway – JM1 Earth Systems Dynamics, Predictability and Probabilistic Forecasting. Co-convener: G.

Swaters, Canada – JM2 Climate Variability and Earth Systems Modelling. Co-conveners: R. Marsh, U.K., S. Xie,

USA, B. Qiu, USA – JM4 Data Assimilation in Geophysical Sciences. Co-conveners: K. Belyaev, Russia, L. Bertino,

Norway, I. Fenty, USA – JS6 Array Techniques for Monitoring the State of the Earth. Co-conveners: Silvia Blanc,

Argentina, S. Shenoi, India – JV3 Geophysical Imaging and Monitoring of Volcanoes. Co-convener: B. Levin, Yuzhno-

Sakhalinsk, Russia The planning for the Assembly in 2017 has started. It will take place in Cape Town, South Africa. This will be a joint assembly with the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) Working groups SCOR is an important partner of IAPSO, and IAPSO co-finances SCOR working groups of relevance to IAPSO. In 2014 the IAPSO President E. Morozov and SG J. Rodhe participated in the SCOR meeting in Bremen (Germany). The SCOR meetings review the progress of current SCOR working

66

groups, evaluate proposed new WGs, and decide which of them will be funded. A number of international SCOR-related scientific programs were discussed. Details can be found at the SCOR website (www.scor-int.org). IAPSO decided to support financially WG “Chemical Speciation Modelling in Seawater to Meet 21st Century Needs (MARCHEMSPEC)”. The work of this joint SCOR/IAPSO WG will be an important part of the IAPSO activity. Working groups are usually formed of not more than 10 scientists from different countries to deliberate on a narrowly focused topic and report their work in a peer-reviewed publication, book, manual, or database. Working groups are expected to complete their tasks in 4 years or less. Information about SCOR activity and WGs is at the IAPSO webpage. IAPSO Commissions and Services: – Commission on Mean Sea Level and Tides (CMSLT), hosted by the Proudman Oceanographic

Laboratory, UK. President: Simon Holgate. Website: http://www.psmsl.org/ – Joint Committee on the Properties of Seawater, JCS (with SCOR and IAPWS)

Chair: Prof. Rich Pawlowicz, website: www.teos-10.org – Tsunami Commission (Joint with IASPEI and IVACEI). Chair: Dr. Vasily V. Titov. Website:

www.iaspei.org/commissions/JCT.html – GeoRisk Commission (Joint with IAMAS, IAHS, IASPEI and IAVCEI). Website: www.iugg-

georisk.org/ – Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, hosted by Proudman Oceanographic Labora-tory, UK.

Contact: Dr. Lesley Richard. Website: www.pol.ac.uk/psmsl/ – IAPSO Standard Seawater Service, hosted by OSIL, Havant, Hampshire, UK. Director: Paul,

Ridout; Website www.osil.co.uk The working groups commissions and services report to IAPSO. These reports are posted on the IAPSO website http://iapso.iugg.org/working-groups Prince Albert 1 Medal IAPSO and Monaco Royal Family established the Prince Albert I Medal for excellence in physical and/or chemical oceanography in honour Prince Albert I. The precursor of IAPSO was established in 1919 thanks to the vision and passion for the oceans of His Most Serene Highness Prince Albert I of Monaco. He became the first President. The year before the biennial assemblies, IAPSO selects a winner of the Prince Albert I Medal. Professor Toshio Yamagata from the Institute for Global Change Research, Tokyo (Japan) was the winner in 2014 in recognition of his fundamental contributions to our knowledge of the ocean physics. The medal will be awarded to him at the IUGG2015 General assembly in Prague, and he will present a memorial lecture. Eugene LaFond Medal This Medal, created in honour of Eugene LaFond who was a former SG of IAPSO, is awarded to a scientist from a developing world country for a paper presented at an IAPSO Assembly. Members of IAPSO Executive Committee (EC) for 2011-2015: President: Dr. Eugene Morozov (Russia) Secretary General: Prof. Johan Rodhe (Sweden) Past President: Prof. Lawrence Mysak (Canada) Treasurer: Dr. Fred Camfield (USA) Vice President: Dr. Isabelle Ansorge (South Africa) Dr. Denise Smythe-Wright (UK) EC Members: M.Sc. Silvia Blanc (Argentina) Prof. Toshiyuki Hibiya (Japan) Dr. Chris Meinen (USA) M.App.Sc. Ken Ridgway (Australia) Dr. Satheesh Shenoi (India) Dr. Stefania Sparnocchia (Italy)

Submitted by Eugene Morozov, IAPSO President

Johan Rodhe, IAPSO Secretary General

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68

interested parties. There were representatives from 21 African countries at the meeting: Algeria, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Ghana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola, Egypt, Senegal, Morocco, Libya, Nigeria, Cameroon, DR Congo, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Cape Verde Republic, Botswana and Rwanda. The meeting was opened by the IASPEI President, Domenico Giardini, and Secretary General/Treasurer, Peter Suhadolc. Due to the small number of IUGG members within Africa, the statues were adopted temporarily and will be reassessed in 2018. The Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission (LACSC) held its first General Assembly in Bogota, Colombia, July 23-25. More than 230 participants from 25 different countries presented 242 papers. Three simultaneous sessions had 149 oral presentations. 93 posters were displayed in the Exhibit Hall. The meeting fully accomplished the main LACSC goals: to establish in the Latin American community a framework for discussions, collaborations, and new acquaintances, besides motivating seismology students and young scientists. 65 students accounted for 27% of the papers. Very few no-shows were noticed in the oral sessions. Partial travel support from IUGG and IASPEI was given to 24 students and young scientists. The next LACSC Regional Assembly will be held in Costa Rica in 2016. The 34th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission (ESC) was organized at the Istanbul Convention & Exhibition Centre (ICEC), in stanbul, Turkey, from 24 to 29 August 2014, jointly with the 15th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering of the European Association of Earthquake Engineering (EAEE), in the framework of the Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES). About 1000 participants from 76 different countries presented 1550 contributions. There were also 13 Keynote Lectures and 40 Theme Lectures. There are two new ESC Titular Member countries: Azerbaijan Republic, represented by Gurban Yetirmishli; and Georgia, with Observer status, represented by Tamaz Chelidze. The week before the General Assembly (20-23 August 2014) the 2nd Young Seismology and Engineers Training Course on ‘Ambient noise measurements’ took place at the Istanbul Technical University at Maçka. There were eight lecturers at the course with 25 participants from more than 10 countries. The 10th General Assembly of the Asian Seismological Commission (ASC), with theme “Working together towards an earthquake-resilient Asia”, was held at the Dusit Hotel, Makati City, Philippines from 18-20 November 2014 with 156 participants from 21 different countries. It was organized by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in cooperation with the Geological Society of the Philippines (GSP). The combined financial support from the Seismological Society of Japan (SSJ) and IASPEI enabled the conference to award full/partial support to 31 travel grantees from 11 countries. In addition to the formal opening ceremonies, a press briefing was also held on 18 November, with panelists Gary Gibson, Domenico Giardini, and Renato U. Solidum Jr. Eight invited talks were delivered in the plenary sessions and 133 papers were presented in the parallel sessions during the assembly. A 5-day Pre-Conference Training - “Contributions of Seismology to Earthquake Risk Mitigation” was held from 12-16 November and conducted by 2 invited trainers - Dr. Gary Gibson and Dr. Mark Quigley. A total of 21 young scientists from various Asia and Oceania countries attended. The training was supported with funds from the Government of the Philippines. The ASC flag was officially turned over by Dr. Solidum to Brian Kennett of the Australian National University, representing Australia, the ASC 2016 host.

Activities of Association Commissions, Working Groups, Divisions, Services etc. The 17th International Workshop organized by the IUGG EMSEV Inter-Association Working Group on Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquakes and Volcanoes was held in Konstacin-Jeziorna nearby Warsaw, in Poland, from September 22 to 26, 2014. The IUGG Union Commission on the Study of the Earth’s Deep Interior (SEDI) held its 14th SEDI International Symposium in Shonan Village Center, Kanagawa, Japan, from 3 to 8 August 2014. About 150 participants attended, coming from 14 different countries. The Doornbos Prize for outstanding work by early career scientists was presented to Nick Schmerr, Kenji Ohta and Binod Sreenivasan.

69

Some 2,000 hard copies of the first printed edition of the IASPEI New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice (NMSOP 2002) are currently in use in more than 100 countries at seismological observatories, data and analysis centers, in teaching, research, and field applications, used as basic material in national and international seismology training courses, or by private enterprises and individual scientists. In 2014, a rigorously updated and amended electronic second edition, NMSOP-2, was completed and put online, thanks to the efforts of Peter Bormann. This version, as well as future ones, are professionally maintained, further developed and edited by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences under a long-term commitment, the auspices of IASPEI and its Commission on Seismological Observation and Interpretation (CoSOI). All versions, including the slightly corrected 2009 electronic version of the first edition, are freely available and downloadable via http://nmsop.gfz-potsdam.de. This Website is mirrored by IASPEI (http://www.iaspei.org/projects/NMSOP.html) and the ISC (http://www.isc.ac.uk/standards). Scientific Programmes, Projects, Publications The Global Earthquake Model (GEM program, initiated by the OECD in 2009 and managed by the Secretariat located in Pavia (Italy), completed its first 5-year implementation phase in 2013, and is moving now to more engineering aspects of seismic hazard and risk in its second phase, initiated in 2014. The open-access OpenQuake software for hazard and risk assessment has been released and is available online to the scientific community. Five GEM Global Components have been completed in 2013-2014 with the participation of IASPEI experts and producing new global standards of high interest for the whole IASPEI community: the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue, with more than 20,000 events covering 110 years of seismic history in a highly homogenous way (IASPEI organized the Scientific Advisory Board), the Global Geodetic Strain Rate model, the global database of active faults and seismic sources (Faulted Earth), the Global Earthquake History database and the compilation of Global Ground-Motion Prediction Equations. Domenico Giardini, IASPEI President and GEM founding member attended several Board meetings on behalf of IASPEI.

The IDEA (International Digital Earthquake Archives) project of the Committee for Preservation of WWSSN and Historical Seismograms (also called simply Seismoarchives: Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World), continued its mission under the guidance of Willie Lee. IRIS is archiving the scanned seismograms. The Project for scanning old Batavia seismograms is well underway. Several publications are available from the IASPEI Secretariat. IASPEI on approval distributes free copies of its publications to institutional libraries in less developed countries. - IASPEI: Cooperation for Better Understanding of the Earth - International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology (Part A and B) Awards/Anniversaries/Obituaries Obituaries for prominent scientists are also regularly published in the IASPEI Newsletters. FUTURE ACTIVITIES – IUGG 2015 Assembly in Prague, Czech Republic, June 22 - July 2, 2015. Website:

http://iugg2015prague.com/ In 2016 four Regional commission assemblies will be held: – ESC will hold its 35th General Assembly in Trieste (Italy). – ASC will hold its 11th General Assembly in Australia. – LACSC will hold its 2nd General Assembly in Costa Rica. – AfSC will hold its 1st General Assembly (to be decided where). GEM will complete a global hazard model by end 2015, including also the results of regional projects such as SHARE (Europe), EMME (Middle-East) and EMCA (Central Asia).

Submitted by Peter Suhadolc, IASPEI Secretary General & Treasurer

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Discussion on the current state of IAVCEI and its relationships with IUGG – Adoption of the Principle of Freedom of Participation in Learned Societies – Submission of Proposal to Modernise IUGG and ICSU to IUGG and ICSU, focussing on adoption

of self-governance of the associations – Agreement to modernise and completely revise IAVCEI Statutes – Agreement of the need to reintroduce compulsory individual membership fees along the lines of

the AGU membership fee structure, to ensure the dramatic decline in financial reserves between end 2013 and 2014 is arrested

– Conducted plebiscite on the future affiliation be IAVCEI and IUGG should differences between the two organisations on the right to self-governance not be resolved. Remarkably 664 members voted in this voluntary plebiscite and even more remarkably 90% voted to leave IUGG if necessary if the differences were not resolved by the Prague IUGG GA.

Call for nominations for Wager Medal and George Walker Award to be presented at IAVCEI 2015 GA ACTIVITIES Members In 2014 the number of IAVCEI individual members was 2174, 82 of them being Life Members, 1676 non-donor members, and 498 donor members. Webpage The IAVCEI web page has been updated and includes new sections. Newsletters Three issues of the newsletter "IAVCEI News" have been published through the website, during 2014. 2014 Meetings, workshops and courses The following meetings, workshops, and courses have been (co-) organised or sponsored by one (or more) of the IAVCEI commissions in 2014: – 1st International Workshop on Volcano Geology, 7-11 July, 2014, Madeira, Portugal

http://www.iavcei.org/IAVCEI_meetings/MADEIRA/Workshop_Volcano_Geology/Welcome.html

– Tephra 2014 - Maximizing the potential of tephra for multidisciplinary science, 3-7 August 2014, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA, http://www.geohazards.buffalo.edu/documents/Tephra2014.shtml

– Cities on Volcanoes 8, 9-13 September 2014, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, http://www.citiesonvolcanoes8.com

– 12th Field Workshop on Volcanic Gases, 17-25 November 2014, Atacama, Chile http://iavcei12.campoalto.cl/

– IUGG GRC Conference “IMPROVING GEOPHYSICAL RISK ASSESSMENT, FORECASTING, AND MANAGEMENT - Georisk 2014”, 18-21 November 2014, Madrid, Spain, http://www.georisk2014.com

– 5th International Maar Conference (Mexico), 17-22 November 2014, Queretaro, Mexico http://maar2014.geociencias.unam.mx/

– 5th V Collapse Caldera Workshop "Caldera Volcanism and Society", 7-11 December 2014, Taupo, New Zealand

– 3rd Course: Italian Association for Volcanology (AIV) 2014 International School in Volcanology: The Explosive Volcanism of Mafic-Alkaline Magmas

– 3rd International Post-graduate Course of Volcanology, Olot, Girona, Spain, 13-26 October, 2014 http://www.gvb-csic.es/CURSO/CURSO_OLOT/Home.html

– XX1 Central Andes Volcanological Field Course, Universidad Nacional de Salta – Salta – Argentina, November, 11-21, 2014

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– 4th INTERNATIONAL POST-GRADUATE COURSE IN VOLCANOLOGY (in Spanish), 12-25 October 2015, Olot, Spain, e-mail: ageyertraver@gmail.com, http://www.gvb-csic.es/CURSO/Home.html

– 2nd VOLCANDPARK Conference, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain, 16-20 November 2015, organised by the IAVCEI Commission on Volcano Geoheritage and Protected Volcanic Landscapes (VGPL), http//www.volcandpark2.com

Submitted by

Joan Martí, IAVCEI Secretary General

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ADMINISTRATION The following are current officers and members of the Commission: Executive Committee: Chair: Tom Beer (Australia) Vice Chair: Jianping Li (China) Secretary-Treasurer: Keith Alverson (USA) Members of the committee representing Union Associations Michael MacCracken (USA, IAMAS) Guoxiong Wu (China, IAMAS) Ian Allison (Australia, IACS) Michael Sideris (Canada, IAG) Tonie van Dam (Luxembourg, IAG) Eigil Friis-Christensen (Denmark, IAGA) Dan Rosbjerg (Denmark, IAHS) Makoto Taniguchi (Japan, IAHS) Lawrence Mysak (Canada, IAPSO) Setsuya Nakada (Japan, IAVCEI) Stephen Self (USA/UK, IAVCEI) and a co-opted member: Serhat Sensoy (WMO Commission for Climatology) ACTIVITIES During 2014, the main work of CCEC was:

To hold the Inaugural CCEC Meeting and Future Earth workshop in Beijing in April 2014. To advance the Weather, Climate and Food Security (WeatCliFS) initiative. To act as the IUGG liaison for the WMO Global Framework for Climate Services. To organise a session (Session U1) at the IUGG General Assembly in Prague, and to prepare a

business meeting of CCEC at the General Assembly. First CCEC Meeting, Beijing, China, 11-12 April 2014 The first workshop of CCEC brought together scientists from China, the United States, Japan, Denmark, Australia, France, Kenya, Luxembourg, and Turkey gathered at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing from 11-12 April 2014 to discuss ways to strengthen multi-disciplinary research through internal IUGG linkages; and to examine ways to extend these links to interdisciplinary research by linking in to Future Earth (www.futureearth.info) – a new interdisciplinary research program that is being established as a successor to the Earth System Science Partnership.

The first day of the workshop concentrated on research activities with which geophysicists can link with presentations by the Presidents of the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST), the International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) and a Skype presentation by the Executive Director of Future Earth. These global perspectives were complemented by regional perspectives from the Chair of the Chinese Committee of IUGG, and from a member of the Future Earth Science Committee both of whom focused on Asian perspectives of Future Earth. The WMO and UNEP representatives to the meeting pointed out that existence of a recent international research programme, also sponsored by UNESCO, called PROVIA: Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (www.unep.org/provia).

The second day of the workshop concentrated on scientific activities that could be used to foster internal linkages between and within the geodetic and geophysical communities. Though these are

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Arthur Askew met with Roger Pulwarty, the Director of NOAAs National integrated Drought Information System based in Boulder, Colorado, and agreed that that, while high quality science led the work on climate change and was widely recognized as doing so, the scientific community afforded far less attention to the science needed to support the development and provision of climate services. Research is essential for improving the climate services that are needed if communities and countries are to adapt to the changing climate and this research cannot be conducted without the close involvement of the communities it should serve. It needs to be geared to every-day problems faced by farmers, water resource and land-use managers, disaster risk reduction communities and national planners whose challenges differ widely from country to country. Such work attracts little funding in developed countries and no funds at all in the developing world and yet is constantly identified as critical to successful adaptation. The challenge is to bring this lack of support to the attention of those in a position to provide it, while at the same time energizing the scientific community to see such work as worthy of its attention. Arthur Askew also attended the meeting of the GFCS Partner Advisory Committee in Rome on 27 and 28 October, 2014. Further information on IUGG’s link with the GFCS is contained in the report of the IUGG Liaison Officers to WMO. FUTURE ACTIVITIES Session U1 of the IUGG General Assembly in Prague The Assembly in Prague offers an excellent opportunity to open CCEC questions for debate within the IUGG community. The Scientific Program Committee of the IUGG General Assembly accepted a CCEC proposal to organise a Union symposium (Symposium U1) to be held on 23 June 2015 titled Future Earth and Sustainability. Session Description: Future Earth is a new 10-year international research programme jointly initiated by International Council for Science (ICSU), International Social Science Council (ISSC), Belmont Forum, UN Educational Scientific Cultural Organization (UNESCO), UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN University (UNU) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that will develop the knowledge for responding effectively to the risks and opportunities of global climatic and environmental change and for supporting transformation towards global sustainability in the coming decades. Future Earth will provide a global knowledge and collaboration platform and deliver a step-change in the way science for sustainability is produced and used. Participants are invited to highlight relevant innovative new ideas and new developments in global sustainability, linking climatic and environmental change and development challenges to satisfy human needs for food, water, energy and health, effective interdisciplinary collaboration to find the best scientific solutions to multi-faceted problems, timely information for policy-makers, and increased capacity building in science, technology and innovation.

Solicited speakers are Guy Brasseur (Boulder, USA), Bruce M. Campbell (Copenhagen, Denmark), David Johnston (Wellington, New Zealand), Pavel Kabat (Laxenburg, Austria), Alberto Montanari (Bologna, Italy), Guoxiong Wu (Beijing, China), Tetsuzo Yasunari (Kyoto, Japan).

Submitted by Tom Beer, CCEC Chair

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FUTURE ACTIVITIES CMG biennial meeting 2016 in Paris, France CMG is working on organizing the next CMG biennial meeting during Summer of 2016 in Paris, France. NSF support will be sought to support the meeting participation by early-career scientists.

Submitted by Ilia Zaliapin, CMG Secretary

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2014 UCDI Web Presence UCDI hosts members via the webpage (http://www.iugg-ucdi.org/UCDI/Home.html) where there

is a form to become a “members” of the Union Commission.

UCDI’s survey to assess state-of-the-art on data and information in the different IUGG Associations is active at http://www.iugg-ucdi.org/UCDI/UCDI_survey2011.html. It has been released to the public via the UCDI webpage and the Association’s mailing lists.

A new wiki site to facilitate more collaborative contributions was added to the website and is being developed for UCDI: http://www.iugg-ucdi.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page.

2014 World Data System Participation Ruth Neilan continues as an active member of the World Data System Scientific Committee. The

volume from the first conference was released in Jan. 2013, and is available from the Data Science Journal website. Many people with IUGG attended and contributed to this meeting.

Peter Fox and Mark Parsons are participating as external consultants/ community representatives in the WDS – Knowledge Network and Metadata Catalog working group (Chaired by Wim Hugo and Kim Finney). Activities began in early 2013 and run through mid-2014.

WDS Executive Director Mustapha Mokrane has agreed to co-convene a UCDI motivated union session for the 2015 IUGG General Assembly.

2014 CODATA Participation Mark Parsons and Alexei Gvishiani continued as IUGG co-delegates to CODATA and Anatoly

Soloviev continues as vice-chair (Gvishiani is chair) of the CODATA Task Group on "Earth and Space Science Data Interoperability”. Gvishiani represented IUGG at the 2014 SciDataCon and CODATA Assembly.

Peter Fox and Mark Parsons continued informal interactions with the Task Group on “Data Citation Standards and Practices” via its co-chairs (Brase, Callaghan, Borgman).

CODATA Executive Director Simon Hodson agreed to co-convene a UCDI motivated union session for the 2015 IUGG General Assembly.

2014 RDA Participation The Research Data Alliance (RDA; http://rd-alliance.org) is aimed to build the social and technical

bridges that enable open sharing of data. RDA enables data to be shared across barriers through focused Working Groups and Interest Groups, formed of experts from around the world – from academia, industry and government.

2014 3rd Research Data Alliance Plenary Assembly, Mar 27-29, Dublin, Ireland.

2014 4th Research Data Alliance Plenary Assembly, Sep 21-24, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Peter Fox attended both in the capacity of RDA Technical Advisory Board member. Fox held discussions with Mokrane (WDS) and Hodson (CODATA) related to the IUGG Union session for 2015 in Dublin. Mark Parsons, Executive Director for the U.S. RDA program office, attended both Plenaries. Parsons is Secretary General for RDA (worldwide). Mark Parsons has agreed to co-convene a UCDI motivated union session for the 2015 IUGG General Assembly.

These intersections highlight both a synergy between RDA and UCDI by the value being brought to RDA by IUGG affiliated participants of RDA groups.

Liaison with Peer Organizations In addition to CODATA, WDS, and RDA, UCDI continued interaction with international organizations such as IUGS/CGI (Commission on Geoscience Information), IAU/WGAD (Working

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Group on Astronomical Data), EGU/ESSI (Earth and Space Science Informatics), and AGU/ESSI (Earth and Space Science Informatics). 2014 UCDI Science Meetings (UCDI/ IUGG representation) Invited talk (Skype) at Japan Geoscience Union meeting (WDS/GEOSS). Thursday 1st May. Local parallel sessions (Future Earth Asia, Open Access Journal, Future of Earth/Planetary Sciences at Science Council of Japan) Title: Activities of the Union Commission for Data and Information of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. Author: Peter Fox and Charles Barton. UCDI Session at European Geosciences Union 2014 None this year. SciDataCon 2014. Several IUGG researchers attended this first joint CODATA/WDS scientific data conference (2-5 Nov.), see - http://www.scidatacon2014.org. 2014 Society for Scholarly Publishing, May 29-30, Boston MA Peter Fox gave an invited presentation and participated in a panel at the SSP meeting. Exploring the Research Data Ecosystem and representing IUGG science interests. FUTURE ACTIVITIES Planning for Union Session (U04) at IUGG General Assembly in 2015. Title: Data Science and

Analytics in Geodesy and Geophysics - Research and Education Progress and Opportunities. Lead conveners: Peter Fox (RPI), Adelina Geyer Traver (Institute of Earth Sciences), Mark Parsons (RDA), Simon Hodson (CODATA), Mustapha Mokrane (WDS-IPO), Bernd Richter, Andreas Rietbrock (Liverpool, UK).

Planning for a 2015-6 Commission (UCDI) Assembly possibly joint with IUGS/CGI.

UCDI Session in European Geosciences Union 2015: Data Science/Informatics and Data Assimilation in Geosciences. Convener: A. Geyer Co-Convener: P. Fox

Continue eGY Africa activities.

Continue participation in the Research Data Alliance.

Continue liaisons with CODATA and WDS, via existing mechanisms.

Submitted by

Peter Fox, UCDI Chair Adelina Geyer, UCDI Secretary General

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Working Group on History (WGH)

ADMINISTRATION The following are the current officers and members of the Union Working Group on History: Chair: Edward W. Cliver (USA) Vice Chair: Hans Volkert Association Representatives IACS: Mark Carey (USA) IAG: József Ádám (Hungary) IAGA: Edward W. Cliver (USA) IAHS: Maurits W. Ertsen (Netherlands) IAMAS: Hans Volkert (Germany) IAPSO: W. John Gould (UK) IASPEI: Roger M.W. Musson (UK) IAVCEI: Currently vacant, pending new appointment Historian Advisors Ron Doel (USA) Gregory Good (USA) ACTIVITIES a) On 19 February, the WGH held its initial telecon. Topics discussed included: (a) Injection of

historical content into scientific symposia at Prague; (b) Union Wide Symposium (U9) at Prague; (c) WGH Presence on the WWW; and (d) Association level history organizations.

b) A proposal for a Union Session was submitted and approved for the 26th IUGG General Assembly in Prague: (U9) “Revolutions in Earth Sciences: from different spheres to a common globe”. Hans Volkert (IAMAS) is the lead convener and the other seven WGH members are Co-conveners.

c) At the initiative of Josep Batlló (IASPEI) and WGH member, Roger Musson, a Joint Symposium (JA6) entitled: “Data on the Edge: Utilization and Preservation of Historical Data in the Geosciences” was proposed and approved for Prague. Ed Cliver (IAGA) is the lead convener with co-conveners: József Adám (IAG); Josep Batllo (IASPEI); Maurice Ertsen (IAHS); Bruce Raup (IACS), and Kris Harper (IAMAS).

d) Following the initiative of IUGG SG Ismail-Zadeh, with input from the WGH, former IUGG SG Jo Ann Joselyn was selected to write the commemorative volume for the 2019 centenary of the IUGG. Dr. Joselyn has prepared an outline for the book and The WGH will identify co-authors to review scientific progress during the last 100 years for each of the Associations.

e) A brief description of the WGH has been posted on the Union website (http://www.iugg.org/about/history/).

f) The WGH secured a budget of $2500 per year for 2014 and 2015 that will be used to cover registration fees for speakers on history topics at the General Assembly in Prague, with preference given to historians (accustomed to smaller registration fees) and retirees.

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g) The second half of 2014 was devoted to organization (via e-mail and phone) of the above-mentioned Union and Joint Symposia for Prague. In addition, each WGH member (with the exception of Dr. Ádám who organized the comprehensive historical symposium at the IAG Scientific Assembly in Potsdam in 2013), was charged to coordinate with conveners of symposia in their respective Associations to inject talks with historical content into the scientific sessions in Prague, with the following promising results:

o IACS: Secured WGH co-sponsorship of IACS Symposium C17 (Challenges in Cryospheric Sciences: Past, Present and Future).

o IAGA: Fostered talks with historical content in two IAGA Symposia (A17, Earth’s Plasmasphere; A18, Space Weather).

o IAHS: Fostered historical content talks in two IAHS Symposia: (HS01, Changes in Flood Risk and Perception; JH01, Extreme Hydrological Events).

o IAPSO: Fostered historical content talks in five IAPSO Symposia (P03, Ocean Mixing; P04, Boundary Currents; P06, Southern Ocean; P08, Meridional Overturning Circulation and Deep Currents; P09, North Atlantic).

o IASPEI: Contacted conveners of all IASPEI scientific symposia by e-mail and initiated, in collaboration with Josep Batlló, IAGA Joint Symposium JA6.

o IAVCEI: Representative resigned from WGH before contacts initiated.

Submitted by Ed Cliver, WGH Chair

Hans Volkert, WGH Vice-Chair

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THE INTER-UNIONS COMMISSION: International Lithosphere Program (ILP)

http://sclilp.gfz-potsdam.de

INTRODUCTION The International Lithosphere Program (ILP) seeks to elucidate the nature, dynamics, origin and evolution of the lithosphere through international, multidisciplinary geoscience research projects –Task Forces (TF) and Coordinating Committees (CC) that operate in the realm of major ILP themes:

I. Geoscience of global change - TF 3: Bridging the gap from microseismicity to large earthquakes - TF 10: The Unconventionals - CC TOPO-EUROPE II. Contemporary dynamics and deep processes - TF 4: Continental Collisional Orogens: from Atomic Scales to Mountain Building - TF 8: Lithosphere dynamics: interplays between models and data. - TF 9: DISC - Deep Into the Subduction Channel - CC TOPO-EUROPE - CC MEDYNA - Mantle Dynamics and Plate Architecture Beneath North Africa III. Continental lithosphere - TF 1: CALE - Circum Arctic Lithosphere Evolution - TF 2: Volcanoes and society: environment, health and public outreach - TF 3: Bridging the gap from microseismicity to large earthquakes - TF 4: Continental Collisional Orogens: from Atomic Scales to Mountain Buildings - TF 5: LAPBOX - The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary depth paradox - TF 6: Sedimentary Basins - TF 7: 3D Geomechanical modelling of geodynamic processes in the lithosphere - TF 8: Lithosphere dynamics: interplays between models and data. - CC TOPO-EUROPE - CC MEDYNA - Mantle Dynamics and Plate Architecture Beneath North Africa IV. Oceanic lithosphere - TF 1: CALE - Circum Arctic Lithosphere Evolution - TF 8: Lithosphere dynamics: interplays between models and data.

ADMINISTRATION ILP has an international Bureau with members from several countries that meet regularly to monitor the progress and to select new projects in close consultation with the representatives of National Committees. The Bureau is chaired by the President with support from the Secretary General. The ILP Secretariat is located in the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (GFZ) and is headed by the Executive Secretary A. Rudloff (Germany). The current ILP Bureau membership is presented below:

President: S. Cloetingh The Netherlands Secretary General: M. Scheck-Wenderoth Germany Representative of IUGG: D. Jackson USA Representative of IUGG: K. C. Sain India Representative of IUGS: R. Oberhänsli Germany Joint Representative of IUGG and IUGS: A. Green Switzerland Chair Committee National Representatives: V.L. Pease Sweden

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Associate Members: J.-P. Burg Switzerland H. Thybo Denmark A. Morozov Russia F. Roure France M. Zoback USA P. Mc Keever UNESCO Lifetime Members:

M. von Knorring

Sweden

H. Gupta India Honorary President:

A. Green

Switzerland

ILP Fellow:

J.F.W. Negendank

Germany

Business meeting of ILP, EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria, 28 April 2014 The annual business meeting was attended by most of the PIs in ILP as well as by guests from IUGG, new task force proponents and a representative of the Earth Science Matters Initiative. A short report has been given on the activities of all active Task Forces and Coordinating Committees, on current and planned activities. The guests informed the attendants about new developments. The minutes were distributed among the Bureau Members and are available on request. The next business meeting at EGU 2015 is scheduled for Monday, 13 April 2015, 18:00 - Room Y3 (Splinter meeting SPM2.4).

IUGS Executive Committee (EC) meeting in Goa, India 2013 The SG of ILP provided information on progress in ILP to the president of IUGS Roland Oberhänsli for the IUGS EC meeting, where continued support of ILP was decided. ILP meeting 2015 on the occasion of ILP’s 35th birthday All PIs active in ILP as well as the Bureau Members are invited to attend the next ILP meeting to be held in Potsdam, September 21-23 in Potsdam, Germany. This will be the occasion of reporting on completed projects and of proposing new task forces/ coordinating committees. A bureau meeting will take place September 23 at the occasion of which the new President and Secretary General will be appointed and decisions will be taken which newly proposed projects will be supported 2015-2020. Symposia and workshops in 2014 that were organized under the auspices of ILP include 8 sessions convened by ILP TF and CC-leaders and numerous other contributions at EGU - General Assembly 2014, Vienna; 1 session and numerous contributions at AGU Fall meeting 2014

Sessions and contributions at: GSA annual meeting 2014 in Vancouver, Canada; Meeting of the European Seismological Commission 2014, Istanbul, Turkey; Annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America 2014, Anchorage USA; International Conference on Continental Dynamics, Xi’an, China; ISRM; EAGE; Geoconvention 2014 FOCUS, Calgary, Canada; AAPG 2014, Houston, USA.

Dedicated workshops: International Workshop: Ophiolites, Mantle Processes and Related Ore Deposits. 2014. CAGS. Beijing, China; International Workshop: Carbides, Nitrides and Related Materials in Earth, Planetary, and Materials Science. University of California at Davis, USA; 5th HAI workshop in Edmonton, Canada; Marsite Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey; DGMK Conference, Celle, Germany; Geo-Frankfurt (International Annual Meeting of German Geological Societies); ALAGO 2014, Armacao dos Buzios, Brazil; Levantine Basin Workshop, IFPEN Rueil Malmaison, France; First EAGE Workshop on Basin & Petroleum Systems Modeling”, Dubai, UAE; Fourth EAGE Shale Workshop, Porto, Portugal; Seminar on “The Environmental Challenges of the Mexican Energy Reform” Centro Mario Molina, Mexico City; SPE Conference on Exploration and Development of Shale and Shale-Associated Reservoirs, Vienna, Austria; TOPO-EUROPE meeting Barcelona, Spain.

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Most important publications 2014 Bernard S., Horsfield B., 2014: Thermal Maturation of Gas Shale Systems, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet.

Sci., 42:635–51, TF 10 Burov E. and T. Gerya: Asymmetric three-dimensional topography over mantle plumes, Nature, 513,

85-89, DOI: 10.1038/nature13703, 2014, TF8 Burov E., T. Watts, Y. Podladchikov, B. Evans: Observational and modeling perspectives on the

mechanical properties of the lithosphere, Special Issue of Tectonophysics, 2014, TF8 &TF9 Burov, E., T. Francois, P. Agard, et al., 2014: Rheological and geodynamic controls on the

mechanisms of subduction and HP/UHP exhumation of crustal rocks during continental collision: Insights from numerical models. Tectonophysics, 631 Special Issue, , TF8 &TF9 & CC TopoEurope.

Ickrath, M., Bohnhoff, M., Bulut, F., Dresen, G.: Stress rotation and recovery in conjunction with the 1999 Izmit Mw7.4 earthquake. Geophys. J. Int., 2014. TF3

Levander, A., M.J. Bezada, F. Niu, E.D. et al.: Subduction-driven recycling of continental margin lithosphere, Nature Letter, Vol 515, 253, 201, TF5

Maccaferri, F.; Rivalta, E.; Keir, D.; Acocella, V.: Off-rift volcanism in rift zones determined by crustal unloading. Nature Geoscience, 2014. TF2

Pease, V., Drachev, S., Stephenson, R., Zhang, X.: Arctic lithosphere - A review. Tectonophysics 625, 1-25, 2014. TF1

Reiter, K., O. Heidbach, I. Moeck, D. Schmitt, and C. Hauck: Crustal stress field pattern of Canada, Tectonophys., 636, 2014, TF7.

Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Cacace, M., et al.: Models of heat transport in in the Central European Basin System: effective mechanisms at different scales. – Marine and Petroleum Geology, 55, 315-331, 2014, TF6

Wirth, R., Dobrzhinetskaya, L., Harte, B., Schreiber, A. and Green, H.W., 2014: High-Fe (Mg,Fe)O inclusions in diamond apparently from the lowermost mantle. EPSL, 404:365-375. TF4

Submitted by

Sierd Cloetingh, ILP President Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, ILP Secretary General

Alexander Rudloff, ILP Executive Secretary

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IUGG FINANCIAL REPORT INTRODUCTION

This report describes in short the status of the IUGG finances for the year 2014, the 3rd year of the IUGG quadrennium 2012-15. A final version of the report will be sent to the Finance Committee and the Bureau. It will be presented as background material for the General Assembly in Prague, June-July 2015.

The 2014 budget was approved at the Council meeting in Melbourne, July 2011. The price of 1 unit in 2014 increased to $1,875 as compared to $1,850 in 2013.

By the end of 2014, IUGG has 70 members representing 280 units. 10 members are associate members. Monaco has left the union in 2013. On page 7 one can see more details about memberships.

The membership dues paid by members are the economical basis for the activities of IUGG. The situation is right now is relatively steady in the sense that the union has a constant number of members and thereby also a constant income.

A substantial amount of money has been accumulated over many years. At the Melbourne GA in 2011 the Council approved a budget spending a significant part of this surplus during 2012 – 2015.

However, there is a worldwide debate of value for money regarding memberships of scientific organizations like IUGG. Therefore, IUGG must continue to have focus on the membership issue in the foreseen future.

The accounting is a cash flow system. Therefore, the 4-year accounting for the full budget period gives a more precise description of the financial status of the union than the individual accountings year by year.

The accounts of the treasurer’s office will be audited by a chartered auditor.

A student assists me with the keeping order in my files, writing letters etc. Since 2007, I have not had an Assistant Treasurer.

Contents:

1. Summary of the IUGG accounts in US dollars for 2014 page 95

2. General comments and highlights page 96

3. An overview of IUGG grants and allocations page 97

4. Membership information and statistics page 98

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SUMMARY OF IUGG ACCOUNTS IN US DOLLARS FOR 2014

US dollars Accounts BudgetRECEIPTS1. Membership Subscription 437,189.10 514,200.002. ICSU Grants 40,000.00 0.003. Assembly Surcharge 0.00 0.004. Sales of Publications 1,067.73 200.005. Miscellaneousa. Interest 0.24 12,500.00b. Gain on exchangec. Other 0.00d. Associations, surcharge 0.006. Total Receipts 478,256.60 526,900.007. Cash in hand 1,000.00 0.008. Balance on 1/1 2014 733,088.32 638,500.00

9. Check Sum 1,212,344.91 1,165,400.00EXPENDITURES11. Administration

11.1 Personnel 14,066.95 20,000.0011.2 Equipment 87.99 5,000.0011.3 Supplies 0.00 5,000.0011.4 Communications 714.14 8,000.0011.5 Travel, Administration only 47,700.61 50,000.0011.6 Miscellaneous 1,014.60 1,000.0011.6a surcharge 0.00 0.0011.7 Travel, representation 22,326.13 15,000.00

12. New initiatives12.1 Education and outreach 22,000.00 30,000.0012.2 Science 41,745.93 30,000.00

13. General Assemblies13.1 Organization 14,122.88 0.0013.2 Travel 0.00 0.00

14. Symposia 31,940.64 30,000.0015. Annual allocations

15.1 Annual allocations 206,223.00 252,300.0016. Dues and Grants

16.1 ICSU 27,441.33 25,000.0017. ICSU grants

17.1 MAGNIO 40,113.00 0.0018. Union activities

18.1 GRC, SEDI, CMG, UCDI 16,000.00 18,000.0018.2 Inter Union Science (ILP) 15,928.00 15,000.0018.3 Liaison Officers 4,766.46 30,000.0018.4 International Scientific Programs 6,666.67 25,000.0018.5 New commissions CCEC 15,000.00 5,000.00

19. Countries in need19.1 Travel Grants, General Assemblies 0.00 0.00

20. Fees20.1 Professional services 0.00 5,000.0020.2 Bank fees 3,110.57 3,000.00

21. Contingencies 0.00 5,000.0022. Loss on exchange 7,099.7223. Total Expenditures 538,068.62 577,300.0024. Balance on 31/12 2014 674,276.30 588,100.0025. Check sum 1,212,344.91 1,165,400.00Check sum balance 0.00

USD/DKKExchange rates: Line 8

Line 225.41 =DEC 31, 20136.11 =DEC 31, 2014

Other: 5.59 averageUSD/EURLine 8 0.73 =DEC 31, 2013Line 22 0.82 =DEC 31, 2014 March 16, 2015Other: 0.75 average Aksel Walløe Hansen

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GENERAL COMMENTS

The balance of the IUGG accounting is now of the same size or bigger than 1 year’s turnover. The summary of the IUGG accounts shown is in USD. It is the sum of three different Danske Bank accounts in USD, EUR and DKK respectively. In addition, IUGG also has a Mastercard account, which is used mostly in connection with traveling, and I have cash in hands too. A new account has been opened to handle the economy of the new IUGG commission on climate, CCEC.

Since 2008 the EUR account allows European members to pay dues directly in EUR and IUGG to do relevant transfers in EUR (several Associations have accounts in EUR). SOME HIGHLIGHTS Receipts

Line 1, Membership subscription Right now (March 16, 2015) IUGG has received payments equivalent to a total of 247 units for 2014. This is somewhat unexpected decrease compared to earlier years. The amount paid in 2014 is also less than the estimated budget figure.

Line 5.a, Interest No interest was paid in 2014.

Line 5.b, Gain on exchange This line together with the corresponding line 22 is used to balance the accounts. In 2014, there was a loss on exchange. We loose on exchange when we keep money in EURO and Danish Kroner when the dollar goes up.

Expenditures

By and large there is a good correspondence between accounting and budget although there are some specific deviations.

Line 11, Administration In 2014, there were no expenditures on equipment, supplies and communications.

Line 13, General Assemblies In 2014, significant funds were used on promotion of the Prague 2015 GA. Part of this expenditure will be reimbursed by the Prague organization in 2015.

Line 15.1, Annual allocations to associations The annual IUGG allocation to the associations is installed when the financial report for the previous year is received.

The distribution percentages and the allocations used in 2012-2015 are shown here: % 2014 amount according to the applied algorithm IACS 9.55 $23,835 IAG 12.02 $29,999 IAGA 16.46 $41,081 IAHS 11.86 $29,600 IAMAS 16.20 $40,432 IAPSO 10.75 $26,830 IASPEI 13.61 $33,968 IAVCEI 9.55 $23,835

$249,580

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The actual payment in 2014 was less than this amount because allocations are pending due to late submission of financial reports. Line 17, ICSU grants A major ICSU 2014 grant was awarded for the project MAGNIO, Uniting & Networking the magnetic community in the northern Indian Ocean region. Line 18.5, New Commissions The new CCEC commission is supported financially, 5k/yr. A new account is opened in 2014 to handle the money spending of the commission. The amount paid into the new account represents 3 years of allocation. OVERVIEW OF IUGG GRANTS AND ALLOCATIONS IUGG is supporting science in different ways:

i. Annual allocation to associations, line 15 (see further comments below) ii. New initiatives, line 12

iii. Smaller scientific meetings, line 14 iv. Special grants with ICSU support, line 17 v. Union activities, line 18

Here follow some main figures for the amounts allocated in 2013: i) line 15.1 (2013 figures) 7 associations $ 206,223 ii) Line 12 (new initiatives) 2 grants were allocated in 2014. $ 41,745 This line is also used to pay ICTP training course activities $ 20,000 IUGG grant to the YES network $ 2,000 Total $ 63,745 iii) Line 14 (Symposia grants) 15 grants were paid to association meetings $ 30,000 Total $ 30,000 iv) Line 17 (ICSU grants) ICSU allocated a grant to the MAGNIO project € 30,000 Total $ 40.000 v) Lines 18.1, 18.2 (Union Activities) 18.1 GRC, CMG $ 16,000 18.2 ILP $ 15,000 18.4 special grant to Global Understanding” $ 6,666 Total $ 36,666

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SOME MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION AND STATISTICS At the time of writing (March 16, 2015) IUGG has 70 members representing 280 units. Recent new members are Nicaragua and Saudi Arabia. 10 members are now in associate status and 17 paying members are in observer status:

In category 1, 8 members, 8 units – Bulgaria (4. year as observer) – Iran (4. year as observer) – Vietnam (3. year as observer) – Macedonia (3. year as observer) – Azerbaijan (1. year as observer) – Jordan (1. year as observer) – Nicaragua (1. year as observer) – Romania (1. year as observer)

In category 2, 4 members, 8 units – Egypt (2. year as observer) – Nigeria (1. year as observer) – Pakistan (1. year as observer) – Thailand (1. year as observer)

In category 3, 3 members, 9 units – Greece (5. year as observer), has recently paid for 2010-2013 – Philippines (5. year as observer) – Brazil (1. year as observer)

In category 4, 1 member, 5 units – Belgium (1. year as observer)

In category 6, 1 member, 10 units – Russia (1. year as observer)

In addition, some members started 2015 as observers, but the dues in arrears have been paid by now. Morocco, DR Congo and Ghana have been moved to Category A as of January 1st, 2014.

Bosnia-Herzegovina and Monaco have informed IUGG that they want to terminate their membership of the union. Bosnia-Herzegovina was subsequent reinstated as associate member.

In summary, the membership overview is

Cat No. of members No. of units Total units 11 1 35 358 3 20 607 1 15 156 5 10 505 3 7 214 6 5 303 7 3 212 14 2 281 20 1 20A 10 0 0

In total 70 280

March 2015 Aksel Walløe Hansen

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Status of IUGG Members, Jan. 1, 2014. Observer status as of April 1, 2014 Member Country Category Units Member Country Category Units 7 adhering bodies in A 14 adhering bodies in 2 28 unitsAlbania Chile Armenia Czech Republic Bolivia Egypt observer, 2014 Costa Rica Hungary Georgia Ireland Mauritius Korea, South Peru Mexico Nigeria observer, 2014 1 adhering body in 11 35 units Pakistan observer, 2013 USA Poland Portugal observer, 2014 3 adhering bodies in 8 60 units Saudi Arabia Germany Thailand Great Britain Turkey Japan 22 adhering bodies in 1 22 units1 adhering body in 7 15 units Azerbaijan France Bulgaria observer, 2012 Colombia 5 adhering bodies in 6 50 units Croatia Canada D. R. Congo observer, 2012 China Estonia India Ghana observer, 2011 Italy Iceland Russia Indonesia observer, 2013 Iran observer, 2012 3 adhering bodies in 5 21 units Israel Australia Jordan Spain Luxembourg Switzerland Macedonia observer, 2013 Morocco observer, 2010 6 adhering bodies in 4 30 units Mozambique Belgium New Zealand China, Taipei Nicaragua new in 2014 Denmark Romania Netherlands Slovak Republic Norway Slovenia Sweden Vietnam observer, 2013 7 adhering bodies in 3 21 units Argentina Austria Brazil Finland Greece Philippines (back again) observer, 2011 South Africa observer, 2011

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ADDITIONAL UNION MATTERS

Awards and Honors IUGG Gold Medal is bestowed on Sir Brian J. Hoskins (Imperial College of London, UK) for “his scientific contributions that have been pioneering and profound in almost all aspects of the atmospheric and climatological sciences, with strong linkages to IUGG and its Associations”, in the words of the jury’s citation.

IUGG Fellows (Honorary Members)

Elected:

John Burrows (Germany/UK) Chen Xiaofei (China) Andrea Flossmann (France/Germany) Sophie Godin-Beekmann (France) Gerald Jones (Canada), and Li, Jianping (China/USA)

Conferred:

IUGG: A. A. Ashour (Egypt), G. Balmino (France), O. B. Andersen (Denmark), J. Chen (China), Y. T. Chen (China), V. K. Gaur (India), S. Gregersen (Denmark), E. Groten (Germany), M. J. Hamlin (UK), D. D. Jackson (USA), J. A. Joselyn (USA), B .L. N. Kennett (Australia), M. Kono (Japan), G. McBean (Canada), H. Moritz (Austria), P. Pinet (France), U. Shamir (Israel), J. Somogyi (Hungary), A. F. Spilhaus (USA), K. Suyehiro (Japan), A. A. A. Tealeb (Egypt), J. F. Vilas (Argentina), S. Uyeda (Japan), P. J. Wyllie (USA);

IACS: I. Allison (Australia), G. Kaser (Austria), M. Lange (Germany/Cyprus);

IAG: G. Beutler (Switzerland), C. Boucher (France), M. Louis (France), I. Mueller (USA), F. Sansó (Italy), W. Torge (Germany);

IAGA: C. Barton (Australia), E. Friis-Christensen (Denmark), B. Hultqvist (Sweden), D. J. Kerridge (UK), H. W. Kroehl (USA), J. G. Roederer (USA);

IAHS: A. Askew (Switzerland/Australia), H. Colenbrander (The Netherlands), J. C. Rodda (UK), K. Takeuchi (Japan), G. Young (Canada);

IAMAS: H. C. Davies (Switzerland), R. A. Duce (USA), B. J. Hoskins (UK), M. Kuhn (Austria), R. List (Canada), M. C. MacCracken (USA), G. Wu (China);

IAPSO: F. E. Camfield (USA), S. Imawaki (Japan), P. Malanotte-Rizzoli (USA/Italy), R. D. Muench (USA), L. Mysak (Canada), J.-J. O'Brien (USA), L. V. Shannon (South Africa);

IASPEI: R. Adams (UK), E. R. Engdahl (USA), C. Froidevaux (France), A. V. Nikolaev (Russia), Z. Wu (China);

IAVCEI: S. Aramaki (Japan), P. Gasparini (Italy), S. A. Fedotov (Russia), G. Heiken (USA), R. W. Johnson, S. R. McNutt (USA), S. Nakada (Japan), O. Navon (Israel), H.-U. Schmincke (Germany), S. J. Sparks (UK).

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IUGG Early Career Scientist Award

Ruiqiang Ding (China), Atmospheric Sciences

Andreas Fichtner (Switzerland), Seismology

Gregory Foltz (USA), Oceanography

Matthias Huss (Switzerland), Glaciology

Markus Hrachowitz (The Netherlands), Hydrology

Ben Kravitz (USA), Atmospheric Sciences

Ben Marzeion (Austria), Climatology

Ilona Riipinen (Sweden), Atmospheric Sciences

Johanna Salminen (Finland), Paleomagnetism

Futoshi Takahashi (Japan), Geomagnetism

Other Awards and Honors The European Science Foundation’s (ESF) Governing Council elected Athena Coustenis (IAMAS President) as the upcoming Chairperson of the European Space Sciences Committee (ESSC), effective November 2014.

Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi (IUGG Liaison Officer to the ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean) was elected the President of the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (Mexican National Academy of Sciences) for the term of 2014-2017.

Jeffrey Freymueller (USA), President of the U.S. National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics, was elected a 2014 AGU Fellow.

Gary Glatzmaier (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), Advisory Committee Member of IUGG Commission on the Study of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI), was awarded the 2014 Fleming Medal of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).

Gregory Houseman (Co-Chair, IASPEI Commission on Earth Structure & Geodynamics and past Vice President of IASPEI) was awarded the 2015 EGU Augustus Love Medal.

Demetris Koutsoyiannis (Greece), IAHS Editor, was awarded the Dooge Medal and Jun Xia (China) was awarded the Volker Medal. Both Medals are awarded under the 2014 International Hydrology Prize of IAHS, UNESCO and WMO.

Thorne Lay (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), the Second Vice President of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI), was elected a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Also Thorne Lay (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), Second Vice-President of IASPEI, was awarded the 2014 AGU Lehmann Medal.

Mioara Mandea (CNES - French National Center for Space Studies, Paris, France), Secretary General of IAGA and EGU, was awarded the 2014 AGU International Award.

Academia Europaea elected Joan Marti (IAVCEI Secretary General) as a Fellow of the academy for his outstanding contribution to volcanology.

Joyce Penner (Vice President of IAMAS) was elected President-elect of the AGU Atmospheric Sciences Sectio.

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Daniel Rothman (USA), Immediate Past President of the IUGG Union Commission on Mathematical Geophysics, was elected a 2014 AGU Fellow.

Hubert Savenije (The Netherlands), President of IAHS, was awarded the 2015 EGU Alexander von Humboldt Medal. Also Hubert Savenije was elected a 2014 AGU Fellow.

Daniel Schertzer (Chair, IAHS Working Group on Precipitation) was awarded the 2015 EGU Lewis Fry Richardson Medal.

Ramesh Singh (former GRC Vice-Chair) was elected the AGU’s Natural Hazards Focus Group President-elect.

Stephen Sparks (President of IAVCEI, 1999-2003) is awarded the Vetlesen Prize. “Sparks helped to bring volcanology into the modern era, and his insights have improved our understanding of volcanic hazards globally (Nature GeoSciences)”. The Vetlesen Prize is jointly awarded by the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation and Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

Toshio Yamagata is awarded the Prince Albert I Medal 2015. The Medal is bestowed on T. Yamagata for “his ground-breaking work and exceptional contribution to our understanding of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the newly discovered Indian Ocean Dipole”.

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Obituaries

Elvin Kejlsø (1919-2014)

Elvin Kejlsø, former IUGG Treasurer (1971-1979), died 30 July 2014 at the age of 95. Elvin Kejlsø was employed by the Geodetic Institute in Copenhagen for his whole working life. After obtaining a Master degree in Geodesy from the University of Copenhagen in 1945, his career started with surveying expeditions to Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland. Later he was promoted to management positions in the scientific department of the Institute. As a leader he created very fruitful working conditions for his colleagues based on confidence and support, and the department obtained a strong international position. Kejlsø had the ability to make the right decisions and take fruitful initiatives. He was among the first to see the possibilities of the use of satellites for geodetic purposes, and he elaborated these themes as senior lecturer at the University of Copenhagen. He took part in the early European Stellar Triangulation project, and shortly before his retirement he obtained an EU research grant for a hydrostatic levelling across Fehmarn Belt 1987. Kejlsø hold important positions in international organizations, such as the ICSU Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Services (FAGS) and IUGG. He was strongly engaged in the geodetic cooperation in the Nordic Countries and became president of NKG (Nordiska Kommissionen för Geodesi). Kejlsø was conferred Commander of the order of the Dannebrog (Ole Bedsted Andersen and Carl Christian Tscherning).

Hans Berckhemer (1926 - 2014)

Professor Dr. Hans Berckhemer, an outstanding geophysicist and seismologist, passed away on 21 July 2014. Hans Berckhemer was born in Stuttgart, Germany, where he grew up and received his academic education at the University of Stuttgart - Diploma in Physics in 1951 and PhD (German Dr. rer. nat.) in 1954. His scientific career started as a Research Associate at the Geophysical State Institute in Stuttgart (1951-1963) and focused in seismology. Hans Berckhemer spent a year in USA as a Fulbright Research Fellow at the Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University, New York, and also visited the Seismological Laboratory of CALTECH in Pasadena, California.

During this time, he cooperated with distinguished geophysicists Maurice Ewing, Beno Gutenberg, Jack Oliver, and Frank Press. Later, Hans Berckhemer spent some time as an invited scientist at the University of Tehran, Iran. In 1958 he started lecturing (as an external lecturer) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and in 1961 he received his Habilitation (venia legendi) in Geophysics from the same university. Hans Berckhemer became in 1963 a full Professor in Geophysics and held this position for the next 31 years, when he retired as a Professor emeritus.

During his long career, Hans Berckhemer worked on a broad variety of topics, such as dynamic processes in the earthquake focus, seismometry (especially broadband seismology), laboratory experiments on seismic wave propagation, deep seismic sounding profiles, and experimental rock physics (high temperature anelasticity, fracture processes). Hans Berckhemer was one of the first seismologists who promoted the advantages of digital broadband recordings and was one of the key persons behind the decision to build the first broadband array worldwide. In the 1970-80s, the main research focus of Hans Berckhemer slowly changed to rock physics. He built up a high temperature, high pressure laboratory in Frankfurt to investigate rock material from the crust and the mantle. Topics under investigation were seismic wave velocities, their anisotropy, scattering and attenuation, and the processes for the formation of micro-cracks. One of the largest specimens of Moon rock from the APOLLO 16 mission, as well as hundreds of rock samples from the German deep drill experiment (KTB Windischeschenbach) were investigated in his lab in Frankfurt.

Hans Berckhemer was President of the German National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics (NKGG), Vice President and President of IASPEI (1971-75, 1975-79), Chairman of the International Geodynamics Project Working Group 3 (Alpine-Mediterranean Region) (1973-79), and President of

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the German Geophysical Society (DGG, 1979-81). He was a DGG honorable member, an elected member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (German National Academy of Sciences) and was honored with the Otto Yuljevich Schmidt Medal of the Institute of Earth Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Hans Berckhemer was a widely acknowledged academic teacher, who influenced generations of students in Frankfurt. He was always interested in the physical answer behind the question under investigation and gave many practical hints based on his long experience with physical experiments. Beside all his scientific interests, he will be remembered by his students as a friendly and sociable person, with humor, who helped insightfully when some of them struggled with their advancement. I met Hans Berckhemer for the first time, when I came to Frankfurt to study geophysics in the 1970s. The last time we met was in September 2013, when he participated in the 100-year celebrations of the seismic station (Taunus Observatory) of the University of Frankfurt. He enjoyed speaking about the old times, when he visited Gutenberg in Pasadena and when he came to Frankfurt and renovated the seismic station about 50 years ago.

Prof. Dr. Hans Berckhemer will be remembered by IUGG, IASPEI and many geophysicists as a highly respected scientist and teacher, who influenced, both nationally and internationally, research in seismology, experimental rock physics, and deep seismic sounding for many decades (Johannes Schweitzer, IASPEI Deputy Secretary General)

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science AGU American Geophysical Union AOGS Asia Oceania Geosciences Society APECS Association of Polar Early Career Scientists CAST CCEC

China Association for Science and Technology Commission on Climatic and Environmental Changes

CCTF Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency CEA China Earthquake Administration CMG Commission on Mathematical Geophysics CNC-IUGG Chinese National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics CODATA Committee on Data for Science and Technology COSPAR Committee on Space Research CTBTO Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization DFG German Research Foundation EGU European Geosciences Union EMSEV IAGA/IASPEI/IAVCEI Inter-Association Working Group on Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquakes

and Volcanoes GEO Group on Earth Observation GGOS Global Geodetic Observing System GOOS Global Ocean Observing System GRC Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability IACS International Association of Cryospheric Sciences IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAG International Association of Geodesy IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Agronomy IAHS International Association of Hydrological Sciences IAMAS International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences IAPSO International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean IASPEI International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior IAU International Astronomical Union IAVCEI International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior ICACGP International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution ICAE International Commission on Atmospheric Electricity ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICCL International Commission on Climate ICCP International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation ICDM International Commission on Dynamical Meteorology ICMA International Commission on the Middle Atmosphere ICPAE International Commission on Planetary Atmospheres and their Evolution ICPM International Commission on Polar Meteorology ICSU International Council for Science ICTP Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics IGCP International Geoscience Programme IGOS-P Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership IGU International Geographical Union IHP International Hydrological Programme ILP International Lithosphere Program INQUA International Union for Quaternary Research INTERMAGNET International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network IOC UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC International Ozone Commission IRC International Radiation Commission IRDR Integrated Research on Disaster Risk ISC International Seismological Centre ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ISSC International Social Sciences Council IUGG International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics IUGS International Union of Geological Sciences IUSS International Union of Soil Sciences IUTAM International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics JBGIS Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies NKGG German National Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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ÖNK Austrian National Committee for IUGG PAIGH PanAmerican Institute of Geography and History PHIVOLCS The Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology ROA ICSU Regional Office for Africa ROAP ICSU Regional Office for Asia & the Pacific ROLAC ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research SCOR Scientific Committee on Ocean Research SCOSTEP Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics SEDI Study of the Deep Interior of the Earth UCDI Union Commission on Data and Information UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNISDR United Nations International Strategy on Disaster Reduction UNOOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs UN-SPIDER United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency

Response URSI International Union of Radio Science WCRP World Climate Research Programme WDS ICSU World Data System WMO World Meteorological Organization WPMG WSF

Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting World Science Forum

VAACS Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers VASAG Joint WMO-IUGG Volcanic Ash Scientific Advisory Group