ansys advantage 02 11

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VOLUME V ISSUE 2, 2011

BUILDING ON A GLOBAL REPUTATION

IMPROVE

PERFORMANCE

PAGE 4

EXCELLENCE IN ENGINEERING SIMULATION

REDUCE

DESIGN TIME

PAGE 10

ENhANCE

SySTEMS

PAGE 21



The Intel® Cluster Ready program can dramatically

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customers with clusters built for ANSYS workloads.

Intel Cluster Ready architecture assures application

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Learn more at www.intel.com/go/cluster

Copyright © 2011 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.

Intel® Cluster Ready. Intelligent!Reduce. Accelerate. Simplify.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

Table of ContentsFeatures

4 CONSumEr gOOdS

Mother of Invention Simulation helps to deliver a milk warmer to market two years

ahead of schedule, saving $54,000 in prototypes.

7 ChEmiCAL PrOCESS

Moving Toward Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Researchers study the use of fluid dynamics to more efficiently remove

environmentally hazardous sludge in chemical plants.

10 AuTOmOTivE

Stepping on the Gas Circuit and field simulation reduces inductance sensor application

engineering from three months to two weeks.

13 OFFShOrE

Deep Thinking ANSYS structural mechanics helps save years in designing

the first steerable conductor for enhanced oil recovery.

16 OFFShOrE / ENErgy

Forecasting Underwater Noise

Simulation soundly predicts hydro-acoustics duringoffshore pile driving.

18 CONSTruCTiON

Building on a Global Reputation NInsight verifies the architectural design of landmark buildings

using engineering simulation.

21 TurBOmAChiNEry

Breath of Fresh Air Cummins uses high-performance computing to deliver better

turbochargers to market — faster — by simulating the entire stage.

SImulAtIoN@Work

24 CONSTruCTiON

Better Cooling, Hot SavingsFluid dynamics keeps data center server racks

cooler using less electricity.

26 hEALThCArE

Cut to the BoneSimulation reduces surgery duration and patient risk

in treating infants with skull disorders.

7

16

18

24

10

4

26



28 OiL ANd gAS

Separating the Streams

Multiphase simulation can improve performanceof oil and gas separation equipment.

31 TurBOmAChiNEry

Predicting Turbomachinery Erosion RatesErosion rate predictions help designers to improve longevity of

rotating equipment that must operate in harsh environments.

34 ThOughT LEAdEr

Green DesignWith simulation and analysis, going green offers many benefits.

DepArtmeNtS37 BEST PrACTiCE

Fast StudyGas turbine supplier leverages ANSYS Workbench

to speed complex turbine blade analysis.

40 ANALySiS TOOLS Warming Up to Direct Modeling

Advanced CAE model preparation enhances

pellet stove design and optimization.

42 ANALySiS TOOLS Simulation to Reduce Automotive Emissions

Parametric design optimization of selective catalytic reduction systemshelps to meet challenges in emission reduction.

44 ACAdEmiC Virtual SpeechResearchers use virtual tools to model and simulate

the human vocal tract and upper airway.

47 TiPS ANd TriCkS Understanding ActuatorsMultiphysics system simulation provides insight

into the operations of actuators.

www.ansys.c ANSYS Advanag • © 2011 ansys, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2

About the CoverThe striking architecture of the Florence Railway Station,designed by Sir Norman Foster, has a dramatic roof thatallows in ample natural light. Because drainage could bea problem during some rainfall conditions, engineeringsimulation from ANSYS was employed by consulting firmNInsight to improve the roof design. Page 18.

Cotes Foste + Patnes.

28

31

44

40

47


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For ANSYS, Inc. sales information, call 1.866.267.9724.

Email the editorial staff at [email protected].

For address changes contact [email protected].

Nih ANSYS, Inc. n h sni di n mi Caiv G gaans waans accacy cnss f h aia cnaind in his bicain.

ANSYS, ANSYS Wbnch, Ansf Dsign, CFX, AutoDYN, FlueNt, GAmBIt, polYFloW, Aia, DsignSac, FIDAp, Fan, Icbad, Icchi, Icax, Ica,

FWizad, FloWlAB, G/tb, mixSi, Nxxi, Q3D exac, maxw, Si, mchanica, pfssina, Sca, Dsignmd, tGid, AI*envinn, ASAS,

AQWA, AraGas, Badd, DsignX, D ts, eD, engining knwdg manag, ekm, eag, Faig, Ic, Icwav, msh mh, paamsh, tAS,

tASStreSS, tASFet, tbGid, Visa, Vt Acca, CADoe, CSi, SIwav, ANSYS Saccai Dic md, rmx, pex, HFSS, F-Wav SpICe, Vifey,

Qicey, oiics, tpA, Ansflins, physics, Siain Divn pdc Dvn, Sa engining Siain and any and a ANSYS, Inc. band, dc, svic

and fa nas, gs and sgans a gisd adas adas f ANSYS, Inc. is sbsidiais cad in h unid Sas h cnis. ICem CFD is

a ada icnsd by ANSYS, Inc. A h band, dc, svic and fa nas adas a h y f hi sciv wns.

ANSYS, Inc. | Shin | 275 tchngy Div | Cannsbg, pA 15317 | u.S.A.

Executive EditorFran Hensler

Managing EditorChris Reeves

Art DirectorDan Hart

EditorsErik FergusonShane MoeykensMark Ravenstahl

Ad Sales ManagerHelen Renshaw

Editorial Contributor ANSYS North AmericaSupport and Services

Editorial AdvisorTom Smithyman

DesignerMiller Creative Group

Circulation ManagerSharon Everts


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Mother ofInventionSiain hs div ai wa a w yasahad f schd, saving $54,000in ys.

By Jim Shaikh, Founder, yoomi, London, U.K.

th yi is a cbind acag f baby b and

wa. A h ch f a bn, i gny was iqid

fd h xac a f bas i, qicy and

safy. th dsign chang was a fsh i f

5 C 34 C wihin n in f acivain acss a f

ang f baby dining sds.Whi ngining a way ha h

b, IFS ngins d a a nb

f chica and cica has and

dcidd s sdi aca

ihyda. this cnn is sd

in haing ads and hand was

bcas i givs ff ha whn i

changs has; in addiin, i can

b asiy chagd by biing. th

cha ng was ha h in i ia

y had h niina

fids ny 17 C, haf h ndd

a.

th ngining a sd fid

dynaics sfwa f ANSYS

sia h ihas fid

dynaics f h sd dsign.

By vaaing any siain ys, hy dbd

h fanc f h iniia dsign cnc whi

biding ny f hysica ys. IFS savd $54,000

by aviding h nd f 12 addiina hysica ys,and i divd h yi fd wa a w

yas ai han hwis wd hav bn ssib.

Whn sdi aca ihyda cysas a d

abv 80 C and awd c, h aqs sin

bcs sbcd. Cicing a a dis ass

ad cysas, casing h sin cysaiz in

sid sdi aca ihyda and as ha. In h

yi fd wa, h i fa ns hgh

channs and is had by h sidificain css js

bf h baby dins i. th channs a cvd

incas h an f sfac aa incnac wih h i.

th y ging h dsign igh

was dining h gy and siz f

h channs wh h ha is ansfd

h iqid. Addssing his chang

qis ndsanding a cx ha

sys in which sdi aca ihyda

gs hgh a has chang. I as

qis cnsidain f hw diffn

chann dsigns igh iiz ha

ansf as h fid.

th igina cnc dsign was

cad by cndcing vy basic

nica anayss basd n si

gis ha had bn sdid in

bishd ia, which had bn

dvd f ha ansf in aina

The yoomi warmer on left and bottle on right. The warmer fits

under the bottle cap and liquid is heated as it flows through

the channels of the warmer.

When my first son, Danial, was born, it was my job

to take the expressed milk out of the fridge and heat

it up while he cried to be fed. My wife said, “You are

an engineer. Can’t you do something useful?” To

see what would happen, I assigned my engineering

consulting business, Intelligent Fluid Solutions (IFS)

Ltd., to come up with an easy way to warm liquids

fed to babies. The concept of the yoomi self-

warming baby feeding bottle was thus born. I now

work full time with the company yoomi, which has

sold thousands of bottle warmers.

Prototype 3 design of the yoomi system

Teat

(nipple)

Outlet

Heatsource

Milk

Inlet

Overmould

Screw cap

Bottle

Plug wall

CONSumEr gOOdS


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CONSumEr gOOdS

ANSYS Advanag • V V, Iss 2, 2011

fws. th ia dsigns w sicd saigh

channs and, hf, vidd ss ha did n

ach hysica sing: Whn h IFS ngining a

dsignd and aid yd h iniia cnc dsign,

h i had ny haf h qid a.

th ngins cd hav gn bac h dawing

bad, changd h dsign, and bi anh aid

y. B ach y cs ab $4,500 and

a w bid. In addiin, h is f h aid

ys did n ach h dcin vsin f h

b wa. I baby wd hav an 16 ys

v f yas dv a aab dc sing h

ying hd.

IFS ngin D. Andj Hva sd ANSYS CFX fiddynaics sfwa d h aca chann gy.

Viwing h siain ss, Hva was ab

sbsaniay iv ha ansf fficincy by

dsigning h channs incas h fid ah. H

adjsd chann widh and dh iv ha

ansf. using his aach, h was ab incas

h a f h i cing f h dvic

22 C — b b si n gd ngh.

Nx, Hva bi a d ha siad h has

chang f sdi aca ihyda b ndsand

hw h ha is gnad, ansfd hgh h was

f h channs, and assd h fding iqid. this

qid an acca d f h sidificain css.

H sd a sidificain d f h bhavia

chaacisics f sdi aca ihyda f h

ia and caibad i sing h xina daa.Hva hn cad s-dfind fncins and bddd

h in h ANSYS CFX sfwa.

th fid dynaics vidd sanding

fanc bain cnvgnc sing i ss

ag ngh vid aningf ss f his

cx anaysis. Wih his accishd, h a

was ab visaiz h c hysics, incding

hw h iqid gsss hgh h wa

channs, hw i shs ai in h si dicin,

and hw i ics ha f h has chang

aia.th ihas siain dnsad ha

sidificain is n a sab css. As h aia gs

f fid sid, i ass ngy, b if h ngy is

n vd, h acin ss. As h a dcd h

nb f channs iv h fficincy f ha

ansf, h was a ndncy f h iqid fw a

vay f chann chann. this an h a

was cd in s channs. th a aid fid

dynaics cafy baanc h fw bwn channs.

th ss shwd ha ai ays an ian in

h fanc f h yi wa. F xa, whnh b is id sid dwn s h baby can din,

h ai shs f h ni and in h haing

channs js as h i is ning hs channs. In

ay dsigns, siains shwd ha ai was ing

h fd f fwing in h ni. Hva ccd his

b by changing h chann gy adjs h

ai and fd fw ais s h ai cd fw in n

dicin and h i in h h. I wd hav an

ch ng ndsand and cc his b

wih h h f CFD siains.

mding h ihas bhavi f h haing

cnd sbsaniay ivd h agn bwn

h siain ss and hysica s ss. this

ndsanding f hw h wh sys ws was ciica

dving an iizd dsign in inia i, and i

wd hav bn issib wih fid dynaics. using

h acca siain ss, Hva was ab

a) b)

a) b)

With each iteration, channel geometry was adjusted to allow for more

consistent liquid flow.

Milk volume fraction in prototype 3: a) t = 39.3 s, b) t = 51.9 s

Milk volume fraction in prototype 4: a) t = 39.3 s, b) t = 51.6 s



CONSumEr gOOdS

a) b)

Temperature in prototype 3: a) t = 39.3 s, b) t = 51.9 s Temperature in prototype 4: a) t = 39.3 s, b) t = 51.6 s

The design of the feed warmer was iterated to bring the milk at the nipple to an optimal temperature.

a) b)

Temperature of the warmer over a long period of time

Temperature in prototype 3, k plug = 10 W/mK: a) t = 39.3 s, b) t = 60 s, c) t = 120 s, d) t = 600 s

a) b) d)c)

fh fin h gy and incas h a

f h i 28 C, a significan ivn b si fa

f h ga.

th a bivd hy cd aidy iv h

dsign if hy w ab vaa a wid ang f

gis qicy. S Hva fd a sis f

dsign sdis sing h siain sfwa, and h sd

h ss bid a si anayica d ha va-

ad dsigns in ss i han f-bwn fid dynaic

siain wd a. H aid h anayica d

cnch hgh hsands f ssib gic

anaivs, hn icd h bs dsigns and fd a

f fid dynaics anaysis n hs. using his hd,

ngins w ab incas h a h

ag f 34 C.

Fids siain f ANSYS savd a hg an

f i and ny n his jc. If h ngins had

fwd h cnvnina aach f bid-and-s

ys, hy sia ha hy wd hav sn

$54,000 v f yas adying h dc f a.

Insad, fid dynaics siains ccy dicd h

hysics f h dc and ad i ssib

dsign bjcivs in haf h i wih ny f ys.

Whn h yi b in was anchd n h

wb, h iniia dcin n sd in js f days.

pdcin has bn ad dand, and

disibin channs a bing xandd incd h

u.k. and innaina ais. n


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ChEmiCAL PrOCESS

Moving TowardSustainable WastewaterTreatmentrsachs sdy h s f fid dynaics fficiny v

nvinnay hazads sdg in chica ans.By Quan Yuan, Cyrus Parks, Jen-Hsiang Kao, Jason Ammerman and Kenneth M. Kromka, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, U.S.A.

Cutaway diagram shows major parts of the sludge basin for bacterial treatment in chemical processing wastewater.

Chica css aicains dc was, s f

which ay cnain niay hazads aias ha

s b safy vd bf iqid ffn is

dischagd in h nvinn. Waswa an

(WWt) is csy gad by singn gvnn

sandads and is ssnia f ssainab chica

csss. Indd, indsy ads gad ssainabiiy

as a scia snsibiiy, vning in and

-sing wa as n f s cis scs.

th ga in sch nvinna iniiaivs is xac

was aias as fficiny as ssib by axiizing

hgh as sing h as an f ngy. Wih

his in ind, ngins a Dw Chica, basd in h

unid Sas, bad n a fw jcs sdy

h s f fid dynaics siain in dsigning and

aing WWt syss in chica cssing ans.

this sns a hg s fwad in an indsy

ha has adiinay id n icaing as dsigns in

nw ans.

As h Dw r&D a dnsad in his jc,

siain vids ian insigh in ciica WWt

ains and nabs ngins adiy x

ana cnfigains qicy and asiy aiv a

an iizd dsign. th siain hd cad is

inndd sv as a fndain in dving dsigns f

nw chica cssing ans as w as in b-

shing xising dsigns and fiing d ans wih

gadd WWt syss.

th hd fcss n h ciica s in WWt

ains in which scnd and fid iqid was is

ad in a ag aain basin — ssniay a ag an

wih ins f civing aw aias and an f

daining ff ad ffn. Naay acciad bacia

wihin h basin ba dwn h ganic cnds in

Treated effluent outWastewater in

Thousands of nozzles in pipes disperse oxygen bubbles for

bacterial decomposition of waste

Rows of floating aerators push liquid downward for even

bacterial action throughout mixture.

Float assembly

Draft tube

Impeller



a saf aia. A h b f n f h basins, nghs

f i wih sa saging nzzs bw ai bbbs

ha ansf xygn in h sdg acca dc-

siin f h was. th dcsiin css inanh basin is aidd by h siing acin f faing

aas, whs is sh iqid was gh

wih xygn bbbs dwnwad wad h basin f

discag sing and a vn disibin

f bacia acin hgh h ix.

Dw sachs had vc fidab

changs in ding hs csss. An xy

wid-anging dinsina sca had b accdad

in h d bcas ag sdg basins a yicay a

fw hndd f ng and wid and cnain hsands f

ii-sizd gas saging nzzs. tbn fw

f gas and iqid in WWt csss is highy cxand dnds n facs sch as h way bbbs

a jcd in h iqid, xygn ass ansf as

bbbs dissv in h iqid, h siz and sha f

nnshica bbbs, and h bichica acins

f xygn in dgading h was. th ns faing

aas a faiy cx assbis, as ach cnains

a fain assby wih an cic diving a

scw-y i ha fcs iqid dwn a daf b.In h fac f hs cxiis, h a had

c h sdy qicy and aain ss ha

accab vs f accacy. mv, cds had

b sandadizd s ha ngins sbsqny sing

h aach wd n hav -invn h cd

wih ach aicain.

t d h ffcs f i is and gas

saging nzzs, ngins fis siad h w-has

gas–iqid acin f a sing nzz din h gas

disibin and h vciy f iqid f bbbs

disacing i h sids and fcing s f i wad.

this sa dain was hn sd as a basis sn

h cbind bhavi fi f h hsands f nzzs

in h ni sdg basin.

In sning h faing aas, h a avidd

ding h cx i gy and insad

sd si daa n h aa ing caaciy and

daf b v caca iqid vciy f h b

f diffn cncnains f bbbs in h basin.

mding h cx gas–iqid fw in h sdg

invvd fis dining bbb siz and sfac aa

f xina asn sias basd n

h bn ngy dissiain a. An inhas assansf cfficin (h a a which xygn is dissvd

in h iqid) was hn cacad sing h Shwd c-

ain. Basd n his ass ansf cfficin, fid

dynaics siain dind a xygn dissvd

ang wih h sing bichica acin a in h

basin. Cacains f dissvd xygn and bichica

acin a w accishd hgh h ANSYS

Blue isosurfaces for near-floor liquid velocity of 0.2 feet per second

to prevent sludge solids from settling in the basin (top). Similar flow

can be achieved using only 13 aerators (bottom).

Inlets

Outlet

Simulation shows that the initial position of four inlets to the sludge

basin produce significant areas of insufficient dissolved oxygen, called

edge effects (top). Repositioning the inlets reduces these effects

significantly (bottom). Red indicates high oxygen demand, while blue

indicates low oxygen demand.

Edge effect

N o r m a

l i z e

d D O O b t a i n e

d f r o m

C F D

Normalized DO Obtained from Measurement

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.40.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000

There was good correlation between measurement and fluid dynamics

calculations of dissolved oxygen in the basin.

ChEmiCAL PrOCESS



FlueNt s-dfind fncin (uDF) fa ha aws

csizain f h sin in fing scific cac-

ains hgh DeFINe acs vidd f his s.

A hs vaiabs — incding gas–iqid fw,

bnc, dissvd xygn and bichica acin

inics — w cbind in a ag-dain dcnsising f 10 iin caina cs sning

h ni sdg basin. Sbsqn caisn f

h basin’s dissvd xygn asns wih fid

dynaics cacains shwd gd cain, hs

vaidaing h accacy f h aach.

this vaidain gav ngins cnfidnc in sing h

d in a wid ang f siains ha vidd insigh

in dsign changs f iizing h fanc f h

sdg basin. using h fid dynaics d, ngins

cd chang a fw y aas qicy sdy

vais anaiv cnfigains in aiving a h s

fficin dsign f ing fanc ciia. many fh siains s ANSYS FlueNt fas ca

issfacs ha dfin bndais saaing gins f

vais xygn vs iqid vciis, f xa.

Sch disays a hf in ndsanding h chaac-

isics f a cx sys ndging i bhavis.

on aa f invsigain was h ia siining

f h faing aas iniiz aas f w na-f

iqid vciis in which sids a iy s and

vn nif ixing f h sdg. using c-cdd

issfac disays f cnsan na-f iqid vciis,

sachs fcsd n h sing vciis (0.1, 0.2

and 0.3 f scnd) f aics anging in siz f500 icns 5,000 icns in dia. th a

idiay saw aas f w na-f iqid vciy

wih h basin nif aangn f 15 aas

siind in fiv ws f h nis ach. A sis f

iains indicad ha h s cs-ffciv

aangn iniiz his sw ixing acin was iina w f h aas in ws css h basin

. this dcin in h nb f aas f 15

13 was cn-iniiv, wih siain viding h

dicin ndd in difying h dsign.

using his nw aangn f 13 faing aas,

ngins nx invsigad h siin f in is,

wih h a h nd f h basin si h and

a fh n a basin sid wa. Siains shwd ha

sdg ning h basin f h sing sid-wa in

i dcd significan dg ffcs — ha is, bands f

insfficin dissvd xygn winding hi way hgh-

h basin. rsiining h ins basd n h

siain ss hd avid hs ffcs.

Basd n h h-in cnfigain, siains

as indicad ha dissvd xygn gssd inay

f h in sid f h basin h sid, wih

a aas nning a h sa sd. Sing his

disibin, ngins cncdd ha a sis f dissvd

xygn bs cd b sacd and h i f

h basin f WWt as s accay as

dissvd xygn cnn in h basin. Sch asns

a ciica ia fanc f h sdg basin,

awing h xygn fw a b adjsd accding vaying xygn dands hgh h basin.

this scd jc shws ha WWt fanc

can b ivd significany hgh siain-basd

iizain f aa siining and fw as, in

sdg acn, and siining f dissvd xygn

bs. th sdy dnsas ha h s f fid

dynaics vids Dw wih insigh in h dsign and

ain f WWt syss and cnins assis h

cany in nging innvain. n

Dissolved oxygen in the horizontal center plane of the basin increases

linearly with the distance from the sludge inlet, so engineers were able

to position dissolved oxygen probes around the perimeter of the basin

to get accurate measurements.

Reducing the flow rate 50 percent for the bottom aerators resulted in

a near-uniform dissolved oxygen concentration throughout the sludge

basin. Red indicates 1 and blue indicates 0.

N o r m a

l i z e

d D O

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

ChEmiCAL PrOCESS



Steppingon the GasCici and fid siain dcsindcanc sns aicain nginingf h nhs w ws.

By Lingmin Shao, Technical Specialist, and Ryan Elliot, Sensor Team Leader

KSR International, Ridgetown, Canada

ecnic h cn ws

bhind h scns vid a

nb f bnfis in aiv

aicains. I faciias h in-

gain f fas sch as sabiiy

cn — which ss h vhic

f sidding — aaic baing

syss, cis cn, acin

cn and -cash syss ha

qi h h b vd

indndny f h siin f h

acca da. A h sa i,

cnic h cn ws

iss ins and ivs f

cny.

th chngy vs h

chanica in bwn h acc-

a and h and insad cns

h h wih an cic . An

cnic cn ni (eCu) d-

ins h cc h siin

basd n daa ccd f w

AuTOmOTivE

snss ha ac h siin f h

gas da. th ha cns

h h is hn divn h

qid siin via csd-

cn f h eCu.

kSr Innaina is a ading

si f indcanc snss sd

din gas da siin,

which aws h cic

cn h h. ms indcanc

sns aicains can b addssd

by a cn dsign; hwv, as

kSr xands h chngy

diffn aicains wih diffn

snsing angs and acags, a

cs dsign is qid.

Iniiay, kSr sd ia-and-

hds, which axiay

h nhs dv cs

indcanc sns dsigns. m

cny, h cany has bn sing

Nxxi cici siain and HFSS

Electronic throttle control

pedal position sensor

Induction sensor architecture

3-D f-wav fini n c-

agnic siain sfwa f

ANSYS vaa h c

ain f is indcanc snss.

Bcas vaaing sfwa -

ys is fas han biding and

sing hadwa ys, kSr has

dcd h i qid ngin

a cs indcanc sns aica-

in ny w ws.

A ciica qin f cnic

h cn is ha a sns

accay and iaby din gas

da siin as h div vs i

wih his h f. Ha-ffc

snss vid n in; hwv,

hy y n a ann agn

whs agnis igh b dcd

v is ifi — which igh cas

h sns dc inacca

adings. Indcanc snss, n h

h hand, snd anaing cn

hgh fixd ansissin cis.

ths dvics dc an c-

agnic fid ha gnas ddy

cns in a a cnncd

h gas da h dvic. th

ddy cns dc an anaing

cn in civ cis. th agni-

d and has f his anaing

cn dnd n h siin f h

. A sing aicain-scific

ingad cici (ASIC) xcish ansissin ci and ins

h signa f h civing ci

din gas da siin.

on cncn wih cnvnina

indcanc snss is ha inviab

anfacing ancs, sch as

ASIC:

Driving the oscillator

signal-processing calibration

Aluminum rotor

Coils:

Transmitting coil (CR)

Receiving coil (RM)

Reference coil (AM)

B a c k g r o u n d m a g e © S

t o c k p h o t o . c o m / O k e a



AuTOmOTivE

vaiains in h ai ga bwn h

and ansi and civ

cis, affc h sns’s ansffncin, which, in n, ay gna

inacca adings. kSr’s innvaiv

dsign vcs his b

by incaing a fnc ci

ds ignd s ha h a

indcanc bwn h ansi

ci and h fnc ci is affcd

by h ai ga h sa dg.

thn, whn cssing h signa

f h civing ci, h a

indcanc bwn h ansi

and civ cis is dividd byh a indcanc bwn h

ansi and fnc cis.

this vids a aina ang

asn ha is indndn

f h ai ga.

kSr facs a significan dsign

chang in dsigning cs sns

aicains ha vay significany

f h basin. ths aicains

yicay hav a diffn ang f

in, which can qi nw cis

and an aicain-scific ingad

cici div h ansi ci,

as h vag gnad in

h civ ci, and caca hsiin f h gas da h

dvic whs aina siin is

bing asd. In any cass,

indcanc sns dsigns s

addss infnc f h

cnns in h cs’s

dc. F xa, naby a

as igh affc h agnic fid

gnad by h ansi ci

and .

In h as, kSr ngins

dvd an iniia cnc dsign

basd n hi xinc and iniin

and hn bi a y. In s

cass, fanc f sh fqins. physica s ing

vids ny a vy iid nb

f daa ins, s i was fn diffic

diagns h cas. As a s,

h css cad f a cnsidab

nb f dsign–bid–s cycs

cs qins and

ach an iizd dsign. th i-

cnsing aach was dndn

n h ngin’s si and ddicain.

m cny, kSr’s s f HFSS

and Nxxi sfwa has dcd

h nd f hysica ying. th

Circuit simulation setup

Circuit simulation output shows the transfer function of a proposed design.

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.36

Y 1 [ V ]

Time [us]

198.60 198.80 199.00 199.20 199.40 199.60 199.80 200.00

Raw Signal @ Angle = 0deg

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.36

Y 1 [ V ]

Time [us]

198.32 198.50 198.75 199.00 199.25 199.50 199.75 200.00

0.00 25.00 50.00 75.00 100.00 125.00 150.00 175.00 200.00

-45 0 45

5

4

3

2

1

0

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.36

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

Y 1 [ V ]

V ( p p s

) [ V ]

Output for different angleRaw Signal @ Angle = -45deg

Time [us]

197.80 198.00 198.20 198.40 198.60 198.80 199.00 199.20

Raw Signal @ Angle = 45deg

Output vs. Angle

Time [us]



css bgins by iing iniia

dsign gy in HFSS f

a c-aidd dsign (CAD) fi.th ngin dfins h cica

aia is — sch as i-

iviy and dicic ss angn,

abi i y and agnic ss

angn, b cica cndciviy,

and agnic saain — ang wih

any bnday cndiins ncssay

scify fid bhavi n sfacs.

HFSS cs h f c-

agnic fid an insid h

sc, cacaing a ds

and s siansy f h 3-Dfid sin. I hn cs h

gnaizd S-aix, dcing h f

3-D cagnic bhavi f h

sc a s f high-fqncy

cici aas.

th HFSS d is insd as a

bc in a Nxxi f-cici si-

ain, which cbins h accacy

f cagnics wih h si-

ain sd f cici siain.

Nxxi vids ansis-v

accacy qid f siaing

snsiiviy anag and wiss fn-

nd cicis as w as bsnss and

caaciy ndd addss h

divsiy and cxiy f dn

ixd-signa ingad cici dsigns.

Indciv sns fanc

dnds n a gd scia. F-

cici siain as i asy

din if h scia has a can

wav f and hw ch cn i

cnss. Cici siain vids h ian dsign

infain, sch as h signa a

vais angs. F ASIC

ds can b id dicy in

Nxxi in cd ncd

vsins.paaic siains a fn

fd chaaciz h d

in s f hysica dinsins,

aia is vais sas.

th HFSS d is aaizd

and chaacizd v s-dfind

angs in aa sac and

fqncy. Ding cici siain, a

idinsina inain is

aid bain S-aa daa

qid by h cici sia f

aica aaic insancs f hd. F xa, kSr ngins

yicay f a aaic sdy

f h ai ga bwn h and

ansi and civ cis

ns ha inviab anfacing

vaiains wi n affc h sns

accacy. Diffn ai gas qi

diffn an cn vs ain-

ain h sa aw signa sngh. th

shd b indndn f ai

gas bcas f h fnc ci’s

(dscibd ai).

th f-cici d hs kSr

ngins addss inviab isss

ha ais in a-wd aicains.

F xa, s bacs cad

na h sns ac as a scnday

ddy a and can hav a significan

iac n . In n aicain,

adding a s bac, shaf and

b dcd vag by 11.6

cn, an naccaby h igh

an. kSr ngins cad asis f HFSS ds ha isad

ach f h cnns. this shwd

ha h bac an dcd h

by 10.2 cn, h shaf

by ny 1.3 cn, and h b by

0.1 cn. kSr ngins fcsd

hi anin n h bac and

ad sva dsign changs.

th a discvd ha adding a

20 h h bac dcd is

iac an incas f 0.7 cn

f . Whn addd h ffcs

f h b and shaf, h n s

was a ngigib iac n

vags, which can b ccd f

wih sandad fina gaing

adjsns.

In anh aicain, aaic

anaysis vad ha changing h

a f h indcanc snscasd h dif. kSr

ngins anayzd h cas by

saay anayzing changs in ci

a and ASIC. this sdy

dind ha h ci was h aj

cnib sns a dif.

th a dvd a nw ci

ha dcd h vaiain f

2 cn 0.5 cn.

Siain has nabd kSr

ngins iiz indcanc

sns dsigns i biding ay. th nw aach sb-

saniay dcs h i qid

ngin is dcs fi cs

aicains. th n s is a sb-

sania dcas in ngining css

and a dcin in i a. n

Original coil design (left) and improved

design (right)

Adding a hole to the bracket reduced its effect on output voltage.

Steel shaft Steel bolt

Steel bracket

AuTOmOTivE



OFFShOrE

Rendering of steerable conductor

Deep Thinking ANSYS sca chanics hs sav yas in dsigningh fis sab cndc f nhancd i cvy.

By Rae Younger, Managing Director, Cognity Limited, Aberdeen, Scotland

on f h biggs changs in ffsh diing is

acca acn f h cndc casing. this c-

nn is a sva-hndd--ng b ha is

i-divn in h gnd i diing vn d

f casing and h h. A ffsh cains,

sis nd b aivy sf wih highy vaiab

sabd is; hs facs cnib acca

acn, sinc adiina cndcs fw h ah f

as sisanc.

engining cnsing fi Cgniy liid has

addssd his b by dving a sab

cndc ha can vid a-i acca siining.

this dvic s wihsand cssiv fcs f

600 ns as h cndc is ndd in h gnd; i

as s vid an nbscd b nc i is divn

dh. Sis incas in sngh wih dh, whichincass h n and ads n h cndc as i is

divn in h sabd. By sing ANSYS mchanica

sfwa in h ANSYS Wbnch af, Cgniy

ngins dbd h ad-caying caaciy f h sing

chanis, awing h cndc b anvd in

vy d sis. In addiin, h a finaizd h dsign

in fiv nhs, a i fa nhs ssiby yas

ss han wd hav bn qid sing adiina

dsign hds.

In di ing, ach cndc s b

siind accay h axiiz fid

dcin. F xa, cndcs igh b

sacd ang a 2.5 gid a h af

wih h ga f diving h in h sabd a

an ang, sading cv a dfind

aa. Sinc h diing css wans h

si, nw cndcs a naay dawn wad

xis ing w s — which igh s in

abandning h cndc if i vs

cs a iv w . p y si ind

cndcs, nwn as “jnd ss,” can s

in a dcin cany incing s i and

addiina xns in sidacing h.

A ws-cas scnai can cc if a cndc

is acd s cs an xising w ha h

i m a g e © S

t o c k p h o t o . c o m / s c u l p e s



OFFShOrE

iing ving h sh — h

bn ns f h cndc —

ncs a naby dcingw. Sch a scnai ay is an

ncnd as f hydcabns.

on bhaf f a cin, Cgniy

dvd a fy sab cndc

caab f acca acn in

highy vaiab si cndiins. ov h

as dcad, h indsy has iad

dsigns ha assivy vay h ang f

h sh in sns changs in si

cndiins. B Cgniy’s dsign is h

fis aw h cndc bsd in a i f h diing

af, which nabs vy acca

cn f h fina siin. th

bnfis f sch a sys incd

ssib incasd dcin and

dcd d i ing css hgh

iinain f jn ss.

Dsign f h nw sab cn-

dc snd aj changs: th

s nwhy is ha h dvic

s wihsand h ns fcs

qid div a bn bjc

hndds f s in h si. A

adiina dsign aach wd

hav qid ns f-sca

ys, ach sd fai —

a vy xnsiv, i-cnsing

css. I wd hav an

sva yas f h Cgniy a

dv a wab dsign;

ngins wd hav had

s f h fis dsign ha

ini qins

ah han aiing iiz

h dsign.

Cgniy a diffn aach by sing ANSYS

mchanica siain sfwa, dving via -

ys vaa anaiv dsign fanc. Cgniy

scd h ANSYS Wbnch af bcas f is

abiiy v nw dsign idas f c-aidd

dsign (CAD) in siain, hn snd sd dsign

ivns bac CAD — ciica ing h

jc’s igh i schd. ANSYS Wbnch ffs

bidicina cnnciviy wih a CAD syss,incding Ads® Invn®, which Cgniy ss.

ANSYS mchanica sfwa is as aicab

dsign and iizain han h fini n (Fe)

anaysis acags ha Cgniy vaad. F xa,

an ngin can s cnacs wih a cic f a s,

and hs cnacs wi aaicay da whn hgy changs. this fa savd Cgniy cnsid-

ab i in dving h dvic, which invvs ag

assbis f ving as wih i cnac facs.

th ANSYS sca chanics sfwa as vidd

xcn scaabiiy n nnaa achins, which

hd s fas nand is qid f

dvn.

on fac ciica sccss was acca ding

f h si. Cgniy ngins dd vais cndc

cnc dsigns and vaad hi fanc whn

divn in a via nvinn: si f vaying -is. Si has a highy nnina sns, viding ny

cssiv sisanc nd aa ads. Ficin acs

n h sfac f h cndc, caing dag fcs

ha sis axia vn. Si sha snghs vay wih

dh and scific cain, and Cgniy sd aca si

s daa incas siain accacy. th ngins

dd h si by sing nnina sings cnncd

h cndc, nd vid h sa siffnss as h

si a a aica dh. miicing si, h nnina

sing vids sisanc

ina h fc

is sha in; f

ha in n, h fc is

cnsan.

on f h fis ass

qid was iizain

f h cndc’s sh

ngh. D ing d i ing,

h a ss h

cndc by changing

h ang f h sh. th

sh vs s and ins

3 dgs in bh x and y

axs. A ng sh b

vids anvabiiy

in sf si; hwv, i

incass bh h acin

fc and sing n

n sing cnns

ha cnnc h sh h

s f h cndc.

C g n i y n g i n s

dd h cndc

bing divn in h gndwih a 600-n fc f

h ha, hn sd

anaysis ss sabish

Nonlinear springs were

used to represent soil forcesacting on the conductor.

FE analysis results show stresses

on the tendon.



OFFShOrE

Stresses on radial locking pads that hold HDH in place

Stress analysis of the HDH helped Cognity engineers double system

capacity by optimizing design.

h axi gnad n and ads f h si

acins a h sh. this hd Cgniy ngins

idnify h ads n h ciica sing assby.

th nx s was ay hs ads h

cndc’s inci cnns s hy cd b

iizd sis h fcs. on ciica cnn is

h hydaic dfcin hsing (HDH), a 4-n assby

wihin h 27-inch b f h cndc. th HDH is

snsib f hding h sh in siin and siss

h fcs gnad by h si. Anaysis shwd ha h

shc ading n his assby is f h d f 150 g,

which ncssiad a 600-n-caaciy cing ch-

anis hd h HDH in ac. Af h cndc is

divn in h gnd, h HDH is cvd, inscd

and fbishd s i can b sd again.

HPC Expedites the Design Process

th s f high-fanc cing was cii-

ca ing divy-i qins f his

jc. Cgniy ns sca chanics sf-

wa f ANSYS n a D® t7500 wsain

wih 12 cs and 24 GB rAm wih rAID 0 SCSI

divs f ia dis sd. A yica d wih

ab 750 k ns and any cnacs can b

svd in an h ss, cad ab six

hs wih aa cssing. paa css-

ing as i ssib vaa fiv 10 dsign

iains day, nabing Cgniy aidy

iv hi dsign.

Cgniy aid ANSYS mchanica sfwa

din h ssss and dfcins n h fging ha

as h HDH’s bdy. th iay as f isfanc is is n caaciy, which idnifis h

abiiy gna sid ad a an qivan ngh.

engins iizd h sha f h HDH, incasing is

siffnss by adding aia high-sss aas and

ving aia f w-sss aas hgh an

iaiv css.

th HDH ds in h sh; i is ad

vid caanc f h sh v in bh h x and y

axs. Gidd by sca chanics anaysis ss,

Cgniy ngins fnd a fficin way a h

HDH and addd ss in high-sss aas. As a s,h a was ab db h ngh a which h HDH

cnncs h sh, ffcivy dbing h sys’s

ad-sising caaciy.

th igina dsign sd cs hydaic cyinds

ha cs ab $160,000 ach and qid f nhs

f divy. using ngining siain, Cgniy

ngins dnsad ha h cs cyinds cd

b acd wih h inna as f ff-h-shf

hydaics ha cs ny $7,000 ach and cd b

divd wihin n nh. F h va jc,

Cgniy was ab c h dsign in ny fiv

nhs, axiay 70 cn ss i han wd

hav bn qid sing cnvnina hds. n



ForecastingUnderwater NoiseSiain sndy dics hyd-acsicsding ffsh i diving.

By Ulrich Steinhagen, R&D Project Coordinator, MENCK GmbH, Kaltenkirchen, Germany

Marold Moosrainer, Head of Consulting, CADFEM GmbH, Grafing, Germany

Acss h vasnss f an’s cans, caizd

snds igina f any diffn scs, bh

naa and an-ad. th an-ad scs — f

xa, f shi affic, diing, ining and sna

qin — hav significany addd ndwanis in cn dcads. In h gwing ffsh wind

w indsy, snd issin ad insaain and

OFFShOrE / ENErgy

ain, sciay ndwa, is a gwing cncn

d is nia iac n naby aqaic if.

In s cass, fndains f assiv ffsh

scs sch as wind bins a fd by diving

is in h sabd wih hydaic has. th Gancany meNCk GbH has a ng hisy f dving,

anfacing and aing sch has in wa

dhs 2,000 s (1.25 is). pdicing

hyd-acsics ding ffsh i diving is, hf,

f ga ins insaain cnacs wh s

cy wih igh snd-issin hshds. F

xa, h gay ii in Gany f ndwa

snd xs v a a disanc f 750 s f a

cnscin si is 160 dcibs (dB) a a fnc

ss f 1 icpasca (1x10-6 pa) [1]. knwing h

snd issin i cnscin hs cnacs

sc and dsign nis cin syss — sch as

ai bbb cains ai-fid cffdas and h i

— ha wi ca jc qins [2]. rdcing

ndwa nis, hwv, ains an nging sbjc

f sach, as n sing sys is aia f

a siains.

Wih his bacgnd, a meNCk sach a

iniiad an aicain jc wih c-aidd

ngining sfwa and svics cany CADFem

s ANSYS siain s nicay dic nd-

wa snd issin. tansin sca anaysis f h

diving iac is cny fd vaachanica chaacisics f highy add ha

cnns, sch as h a, anvi, ada as and

fws. meNCk ngins xandd his igina

siain cnsid nis again by w-way

cing f h i vibains and wa ss sing

h acsic ns in ANSYS mchanica sfwa.

MENCK hydraulic hammer

Two-D axisymmetric simulation model in ANSYS Mechanical software.

Components of the hammer and pile system along with the water and seabed

zones that they inhabit; zone of interest for FSI is indicated with a line.

Closeup of hammer’s

meshed region including

lower section of ram, anvil

and top of the follower

Ram

Anvil

Follower

Pile

Water

FSI



OFFShOrE / ENErgy

th w-dinsina axisyic siain

cnsisd f h a, anvi, fw, i, si and wa.

Cing h wa dain h sca ns

f h i was ad ssib via ANSYS mchanica

fid–sc inacin (FSI). th meNCk a s h

a’s iniia vciy achiv h dsid iac ngy,

wih a h cnns bing a s. Bnday

cndiins incdd acsica fcin a h sabd

and acsica absin a h bnday, whi h

asic si is w dd as aa sings.

rsachs aid a si absin bnday

cndiin bcas, whn ny h sh- na-fid

snd again is f ins, fcin is n a ccia

iss f ansin anaysis f acsics bs. th

a addiinay axiad h wa–ai infac as

a f sfac wih z ss, which is aia fa nn-igid bnday.

meNCk’s ngins s h siain in h

ANSYS Wbnch nvinn sing ANSYS paaic

Dsign langag (ApDl) cn FSI and acsics

aas. FluID29 acsic ns awd

ding h snd fid cv da, hanic

and ansin sins. th hy f acsic wavs

ndying h FluID29 n aach is basd n h

sa fndana qains as caina fid

dynaics (CFD): cnsvain f ass and n.

Hwv, assins — sch as z-fw vciy and

inviscid, cssib fid is — w ad has in a inaizd acsic wav qain. A ina

qain is asnab bcas, vn f vy high snd

ss vs, h acsic ss vaiains gnay

sn ny ab 0.2 cn f abin ss.

In cnc wih h FluID29 ns, addiina

disacn dgs f fd sd h infac

h sca dain. In his way, meNCk cd d

h f cing bwn h fid (acsic) and sc

dains accn f h snd adiad by a vibaing

sc and, a h sa i, cnsid h addiina

ad f his snd ss fid n h sc [3]. th

na-fid sin in h viciniy f h i cd hn b

sd dic h snd ss v in h fa fid by

ans f an addiina d ha accns f h ffcs

f vaiing can chaacisics n snd again.

F his addiina d, h meNCk g sd

anayica ains basd n s daa ha w avaiab

f snd again as a fncin f disancaccning f wa dh and sabd is.

Nica ss f h siain hav bn

vaidad f h insaain f h ni n h FINo3,

a gvnn-snsd wind ngy sach af

in h Nh Sa [4]. th caisn f asd and

cacad snd ss a a disanc f 245 s

f h i shwd gd cain f h fis ss

a’s aid. Bynd his iniia anaysis w,

hwv, fh vaidain is qid: th a snd

ss v bsvd na h i is aivy high

cad h abin ndwa ss, which

igh via ina wav hy. A f FSI anaysis c ANSYS mchanica wih ANSYS CFD fid fw

siain sfwa wih h sad yica assins

f ina acsics ay b aid f his s. nReferences[1] Abromeit, C. Licensing Requirements and Conditions in the German

EEZ, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) . Proceedingsof 24th Conference of the European Cetacean Society, Stralsund,Germany, March 2010.

[2] Nehls, G.; Betke, K.; Eckelmann, S.; Ros, M. Assessment and Costs of Potential Engineering Solutions for the Mitigation of the Impacts of Underwater Noise Arising from the Construction of Offshore

Windfarms; BioConsult SH report on behalf of COWRIE Ltd.: Husum,Germany, September 2007.

[3] Moosrainer, M. Analyzing Vibration with Acoustic–Structural Coupling. ANSYS Advantage, 2009, 3(2), pp. 40–42.

[4] Steinhagen, U. Transient FE Simulation of the Hydro-Acoustics during Pile Driving . Proceedings of ANSYS Conference & 27th CADFEM UsersMeeting, Leipzig, Germany, November 2009.

Underwater sound generation and propagation shown as a sequence

of snapshots in time. Within a steel pile, the speed of sound is about

5,000 meters per second, while the speed of sound in water is about

1,500 meters per second — resulting in radiation patterns and specific

inclination angle.

Comparison of measured and calculated underwater sound pressure at

a distance of 245 meters from the pile. Knowing the sound propagationlaw for this region, the sound pressure at 750 meters can be calculated

and converted into decibels (dB).

1 23

4 5 6

S o u n

d P r e s s u r e

[ P a

]

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

-2000

-4000

-6000

-8000

Comparison of Measurement and Calculation at 245 m from Pile

Time [s]

0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050

Measurement

Calculation



Building on aGlobal ReputationNInsigh vifis h achica dsign f anda bidingssing ngining siain.

By Michael Stadler, Research Scientist, NInsight, Graz, Austria

In h wd f achic, aciins i Fan Ghy

a shing h iis f biding dsign wih hi s f

nv shas and innvaiv aias, whi ngins

fac h acica as f binging hs aba visins

if. Achica and sca ngins n ny

ns h ingiy f h achic’s igina cnc,

hy as addss sch agaic isss as sca

sndnss, ccan and dsian safy, wind and

ain ads, and h ng- ffcs f wah n

biding aias.

th Asian fi NInsigh has dvd a wdwid

ain f hing achica ngins cndc

sach, anayss and siains ha vify biding

dsigns bf significan fnds a invsd in

cnscin. Fndd in 1992, h ganizain sdis

and difis achica dsigns and biding aias,

ang h jcs, in a via nvinn wih h aid

f sfwa f ANSYS.

on f NInsigh’s s visib jcs is h

Gggnhi ms in Biba, Sain, dsignd by Ghy

and idiay add as an achica anda

whn i nd in 1997. th Gggnhi bass n f

h wd’s s cgnizab dsigns, wih is ianisfac and ganic cns. B whn Ghy cncivd

his achica visin in h id-1990s, h w any

nnwn facs, incding hw h niq sha wd

affc wind fws and vciis and h sc,

whh h sing-s cany a h nanc wd

ain sab v i, and hw h nw iani ay

wd wihsand h casa nvinn.

CONSTruCTiON

Austrian engineering research firm NInsight used ANSYS software

to verify some critical design elements for the world-renownedGuggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.

NInsight modeled the Guggenheim Museum’s facade with spline

surfaces, which helped to create a high-quality mesh for subsequent

simulations. This hybrid tetrahedra/hexahedra mesh with prisms in the

inflation layer consisted of approximately 3,600,000 discrete elements,

leading to an extremely accurate and realistic simulation environment.

This simulation shows the streamlines and pressure distribution for

typical wind conditions in the city.

“ANSYS software was absolutely critical to the engineering verificationperformed for the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao because of its ability to

handle complex shapes and free-form surfaces.”



CONSTruCTiON

using ANSYS ICem CFD and ANSYS CFX sfwa,

NInsigh siad wind ans, sains and

sss and h sc and sggsd sadsign dificains—sch as sigh changs in h

sha f h biding na gnd v and dificains

h nanc cany. th igina sha f h cany

d ndsiab ffcs, incding wind vciis ha

w high a h dsian v. engins addssd

his iss by difying h sha f h cany s ha

dsians cd v safy and cfaby and

h biding’s i.

ANSYS ICem CFD sfwa nabd NInsigh

sachs ca an incdiby daid gic

sh f h Gggnhi sc. th shing css

was cnvniny divn by aaic cva, xiiyand qaiy ciia. this hd avid xnsivy

disd swd ns ha wd dgad h

qaiy f h siain, ad sw cnvgnc f

ss, a i issib aain ss a a.

th wf caabiiis f ANSYS CFX wd

h NInsigh ngining a cay wind fw

siains wih a fw sv f disc Navi–Ss

qains sing h -ε d f bnc.

Achica sachs as siad h ng-

ffcs f wah n h xi’s iani ay, which

sd in sigh changs in h aia’s csiin

ha wd iv is sisanc sin. t dicsin ffcs, hy sd h ahaica d by

Finni, which as wa h a f inic ngy

f aics iacing h sfac. F aic–ai

n cing, NInsigh sd h d by

Schi–Naann fnd in ANSYS CFX sfwa.

ANSYS chngy was ciica h ngining

vificain fd f h Gggnhi bcas f is

abiiy hand cx shas and f-f sfacs.

Wih h sfwa, NInsigh’s anaysis wd hav

naid caing i hysica ds f sing

nd changing cndiins in wind nns and h

hysica nvinns. th siains wd hav bn

viay issib -ca wih hysica ys

and ss, d bh h css and i invvd.

Insad, h achica a qicy and iniivycad han 150 via s cass ha sbjcd

h Gggnhi dsign a vaiy f changing

cndiins and scnais — which wd hav an

yas dica wih a-wd sing. th sfwa

savd h cany i and ny and cad a ch

ga dg f cnfidnc in h safy and fanc

facs f his anda sc. th aaic sdis

iginay w aad wih cs-dsignd scis,

The visual appearance of the Guggenheim facade — particularly the

reflective properties — was critical to the ultimate success of thebuilding. Because Bilbao is in a coastal region, it was necessary for

NInsight to analyze the long-term erosion effects of sand particles on

the facade. In the simulation shown here, the red highlights indicate

regions where the effects of erosion would be most pronounced.

Based on this analysis, engineers studied several different material

compositions to find the optimal resistance properties.

NInsigh has vagd anda jcs bid is

gba ain f sing h sach nds f

ngining fis — and ANSYS sfwa has aways

bn h fi’s f chic.

“th agihs f ANSYS sfwa a h s

sab I hav v sn, which has awd sach

a sh h iis f ngining siain — js

as achica cins a changing h

bndais f biding dsign,” said Sad. H nd

ha ANSYS sfwa as i ssib f NInsigh

sachs d cx shas and f-f

sfacs, i h Gggnhi, as w as fihas siains qid by h Fnc, Iay,

aiway sain jc. “In 18 yas f wing wih his

sfwa, w hav nv ncnd an ngining

siain chang ha ANSYS s w n

qid addss,” said Sad.

ANSYS and NInsight: a Longtime Collaboration

Whi gaining a ain f siain f

achica jcs, NInsigh as sias h

fanc f bidica dvics, ngins, and a

vaiy f indsia and cns dcs.

“Whh w a ding an ni biding a

sa cnay sn, ANSYS s h cins

s h aca ffcs f cx syss and ch-

aniss ha wd hwis b diffic, i cnsing

and hibiivy xnsiv as,” said Sad.

“engining siain hs css nd-

sand xacy wha is ging n, bh qicy and cs

ffcivy. this nwdg is indisnsab f h sc-cssf dsign f a ang f syss, f achica

andas dica dvics, cns dcs and

indsia cnns.”


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ansys-advantage-02-11 22/52www.ansys.c20 ANSYS Advanag • © 2011 ansys, Inc.

bcas h ANSYS Wbnch af was n y

avaiab whn h biding was anayzd. Hwv, wih

h indcin f ANSYS Wbnch, hs sdisbca vn asi anag. Wih bidicina CAD

cnnciviy, aad shing, a jc-v da

chanis, vasiv aa anagn

and ingad iizain s, ANSYS CFD divd

ncdnd dciviy in anayzing i

dsign vaiains.

Extraordinary Designs ... Practical Considerations

m cny, NInsigh’s achica sach a

wd vify s dsign ns f y anh

anda sc: h bahaing nw Fnc raiway

Sain, cissind by h Iaian gvnn andcncivd by wd-nwnd achic Si Nan

Fs. Schdd n in 2016, his innvaiv

sc is aady bing haid f niq fas sch

as is daaic aching f, which aws an abndanc

f naa igh in h ini sacs f h biding.

th f is h sain’s s siing fa, and i is

h s baic f an ngining sciv.

th f’s sha ncssias h ccin and saf

disibin f assiv ans f ainwa. NInsigh was

cissind anayz h f’s n-chann dainag

sys and f a sis f cx ain fw

siains. ths anayss w aid a sdying h

f’s fanc nd diffn ainfa and dainag

siains, h sin ans f is any gass sfacs,

and h ffcs f faing ainwa n dsian safy.

Anayzing h f’s dainag syss was aicay

changing bcas wa is channd hgh bh

is and n channs. th a ins wh ain

wa is jcd f a dainag i and avs hgh

h ai n gass ans

— s h NInsigh a

ndd w in

i hass sdy h ffcs f bh ai and wa.

Fnay, ANSYS CFD sfwa has h caabiiy

d bh yica wa fws and h cx

n-chann hydaics assciad wih h f’s niq

dsign.

th NInsigh a cndcd a nb f cx

caina fid dynaics siains f y in-

scins f h f’s n-chann dainag sys

assss a-wd cnsqncs f vfw ainfa. By

sing ANSYS sfwa sia vais chaacisics

f hs inscins, NInsigh sachs sd vaisfw ds assss h iac f vais dgs f

bcag f h w chann.

th siains dnsad ha h w s

inscins wh wa v wd sn a dang

dsians waing bw — s h f’s dainag

sys was difid addss his iss. By adding a

scnd dainag chann ndnah h iay sys

hand vfw cndiins, ainfa was disibd in a

way ha wd c dsians and iniiz sin

isss assciad wih js f jcd dainag wa

hiing w ins f h gass f.

Sigh dificains sggsd by NInsigh hav bnincad in h fina dsign f h Fnc raiway

Sain. Anaysis wih ANSYS sfwa, which was

cndcd in 2007, awd h cnscin jc

cd as schdd, wih h nd bid aca

ds f h dainag sys and cndc hysica ss

wih w. n

Architectural researchers at NInsight were integral in assessing and

improving the drainage system of the Florence Railway Station’s roof —

the building’s most striking and challenging feature.iae cotes Foste + Patnes.

NInsight researchers used ANSYS software to create 3-D CFD

simulations for a variety of rainfall conditions in assessing performance

of the station roof’s unique open- and closed-channel drainage system.

This simulation shows two different drainage streams (red and blue)

converging in a single channel near the perimeter of the building.

As shown here, the original design resulted in a large jet of water

being ejected from the channel at this intersection. To avoid this, the

perimeter channel was modified to include a secondary drainage

system for overflow conditions.

CONSTruCTiON



A typical turbocharger supplied by Cummins

Turbo Technologies

TurBOmAChiNEry

Breath of Fresh AirCins ss high-fanc cing div bbchags a — fas — by siaing h ni sag.

By John Horsley, Engineer, Air Handling, Cummins Turbo Technologies, Huddersfield, U.K.

As a dv f bchags,

Cins tb tchngis has

wsd wih — and nw svd —

nning f -sag siain iay div a b dc.

th ns siz f bchag

s ia in ds , avag ing

8 iin ns f h css

sag and 12 iin f h bin

sag, visy ad i issib

n f-sag siains as a f

h na dsign css. ANSYS

caina fid dynaics (CFD)

sfwa ays a ciica in h

dsign css by nabing Cins

ngins vaa a wid ang

f dsign anaivs iiz

fanc i biding a dc

vn a y. Cins gadd

a 160-nd high-fanc

c cs a f advanag

f h sfwa’s na-ina aa

cssing caabiiis. th nw

high-fanc cing (HpC)

sys has dcd sin is by

a fac f 12, aing i ssib

iny n f-sag siains.

As a s, Cins has bn ab

iv bchag fanc

and dc i a.

Cins tb tchngis

dcs bchags f dis

ngins sd in aiv, ff-

highway, w gnain

and ain aicains.

Nw a divisin f gbaw ad Cins

Inc., i was fndd as

Hs engin ing,

d c i n g a b an d

synnys wih b-

chaging and ai f w

anagn f h as

fiv dcads. tbchags

f Cins tb tch-

ngis a fnd in di-

and havy-dy dis nginsand h wd.

In si s, a bchag

ciss a bin and css

cnncd by a cn shaf

sd n a baing sys. th

bchag csss ai fwing

in h dis ngin. this nabs

h ngin sqz ai in a

cyind s ha f can b

addd, which, in n, incass h

w f h ngin.

In h as, Cins dsignd

bchags by ging hgh

i bid-and-s hadwa

y cycs vify fanc,

sss and faig if. this css

was vy i cnsing and

xnsiv. Whn h cany bgan

cnving an anaysis-d dsign

sagy, Cins tb tchngis

scd ANSYS CFX sfwa as is

iay CFD bcas f is

indsy-ading chngy f b-

achiny siain. ANSYS CFX

nabs Cins ngins

vaa dsign cncs and

vaiains viay in a facin f h

i and cs qid in h as

sing hysica ys. Whi h

daa ha can b cad f had-

wa ys is iid by sns

caabiiis, CFD nabs ngins

asiy din wha is haning

a any in in h cainadain. Siain ss shw vy

gd cain wih hysica sing

in h ab n h gas sand.

“ANSYS HPC technology is enabling Cummins to

use larger models with greater geometric details and

more-realistic treatment of physical phenomena to

generate results in less time.”



TurBOmAChiNEry

on f h changs in si-

aing bchags is h nd

s xy dns shs

accay sn h cx

gy and ca h f fw

fas f day’s advancd b-

chags. this, in n, cas

xy ag bs ha qi

hg ans f cing w

sv.

Cins’ vis gnain f

HpC incdd igh nds f aa

cing caaciy. Siain f a

f-sag css bwn

36 and 48 hs, and a f-sag

bin siain bwn 60

and 72 hs. this was ng

ac wih h dsign css,

s ngins yicay siad ny

as f h css bin

sag, sch as h bin wh,

nzz hsing. thgh hs

siains w vaab, ngins

f ha hy cd achiv hi

dsign bjcivs cnsidaby fas

if hy w ab sia h ni

sag b ndsand h

inacins bwn h vaisbchag cnns.

t accish his ga, Cins

ind a 160-nd high-

fanc c cs nning

n h linx® aing sys. ms

CFD siains a h cany a

n n 32 nds, nabing fiv si-

ains b n a n i. th nw

sys has dcd siain i

by a fac f 12. A sing n f a

f-sag css nw as f

hs, and a f-sag bin si-

ain can b n in fiv six hs.th ivn in fanc is

ga han ina : th nw

gnain f hadwa is

fficin, and cn ivns in

h CFD sfwa’s aa cssing

fh dc i.

th abiiy n f-sag si-

ains whi ing ac wih h

dsign css vids insighs ha

w n avaiab in h as whn

siaing individa cnns.engins can gain a ch b

ndsanding f h inacin

bwn h css wh and

h diffs whn siaing h ni

sys. F xa, h css

sag hsing is asyica,

which ss in a vaiab ss

disibin and h cicfnc

f h css wh. engins

can nw as i y v isa iz hw

ha ss disibin affcs

css wh fanc.

using HpC vids Cins

ngins wih ngh dai in h

siain fy ndsand dsign

Static pressure rise through the

compressor stage as well as the

level of mesh and flow detail

provided by simulation

Interaction between volute and compressor wheel highlighting pressure variations around the

vaneless diffuser



HPC Technology for Large Problems

ANSYS CFX sfwa ss a sing-ga i-daa (SpmD)

aa inain, nning idnica vsins f h cd n

i csss. th va n cd is dividd in w ss:

a aiining s, in which h sh is dividd in aiins, and a

sin s, wih a sv css nning f ach sh aiin

nd h cn f an va as css. Scia i-ass

aiining is avaiab whn siaing cd aing and sainay

cnns in bachiny aicains iiz h aiining

agih and, hby, iv aa fanc. In gna,

h sv axiizs h aaizain f nicay innsiv ass

and iniizs h sia ass handd by h as css.

Cnicain bwn csss ding a aa n is fd

sing h as ssag-assag ibais, incding paf

Cing™ mpI and micsf® mpI. Sin scaabiiy is xcn,

shwing na-ina sd in any cass.

TurBOmAChiNEry

adffs whi baining ss in a

i fa ha aws f axi

iac n h dsign css. HpCas nabs ngins incas

sh dnsiy h iv

accacy f h siain ss.

on aa in which dnsiy is ciica

is h caanc ah and h

cicfnc f h css

wh, wh ai can a hgh

iny gas. this aa is diffic

dsign bcas h anfacing

css can indc vaiains,

casing h gas b bigg sa han h nina dsign. HpC

as i ssib gna a sh

ha is fin ngh accay

din h iac f sa

vaiains in hs gas as w

as h ciica fas. engins

can hn vaa h f ang f

ssib ga sizs din h

iac f diffn anfacing

hds and ancs.

engins a Cins nw s

f-sag siains dsign nw

dcs, vaida changs xising

dcs, and vaa nw ch-

ngis. thy as vaa any

diffn css sag dsigns

s which n vids h bs

baanc bwn fficincy, fwang and ss ai. Css

f Cins yicay a sing high

fficincy, a wid fw ang and a

scifid ss ai. ths

cnsains fn cnfic wih

ach h: F insanc,

incasing ss a i

gnay dcs fficincy.

tbin dsign as qis

da ing wih any h

adffs. F xa, hbin wh nds ach

h fw ang whi viding

h highs ssib fficincy

and ing chanica dsign

cnsains.

ANSYS HpC chngy is

nabing Cins s ag

ds wih ga gic dais

and aisic an f hysi-

ca hnna gna ss in

ss i. Insad f snding nhs

bid and s a hysica -

y days sia a dsign

sing hi vis-gnain HpC

sin, Cins ngins can nw siansy vaa f iv

f-sag css bin

dsigns in a fw hs. physica

sing si ays a via in h

dsign css, b h nb f

ys ha hav b bi and

sd has bn sbsan ia y

dcd. thgh xnsiv si-

ain, Cins ngins a nw

say ab g h dsign igh h

fis i. th s is ha Cins

can bing nw dcs a in

ss i whi sbsaniay dcing

ngining xnss. th w

f HpC has ad i ssib f

Cins nvisin cbining bh

bin- and css-sag si-

ain wih a f-ngin siain

iiz hi dsigns an vn

high v. n

Expansion of gas through a variable geometry

turbine stage and level of detail defined in the

mesh used for simulation



CONSTruCTiON

Better Cooling, Hot SavingsFid dynaics s daa cn sv acsc sing ss ciciy.

By Marco Lanfrit, Continental Europe Consulting Manager, ANSYS, Inc.

Ha is h ny f cnic ci-

cis. S ngins a h ANSYS

daa cn in ofing, Gany,

cand h ai cndiining f

bas whn a as nah svs s abv accab

iis. H ss aind, hwv.

engins sd fid dynaics

idnify aifw bs, and h

insigh i vidd d a qic and

inxnsiv way vn

as and s igni f icany

iv cing fficincy.

H ss w cncnad na

h f six acs ha hs daa

cn svs and h hadwa,sch as bac w sis and

daa sag nis. pa a-

s avagd 41 C (106 F), fa abv

h 34 C (93 F) a ndd

f ia ain and dangsy

cs 45 C (113 F), a which ha-

snsiiv cnic cnns sa

fai.

th h h acs in qsin

hs svs sd n h cn’s

sins f xy ag bs

— incding highy daid anayss

ha xcd cs cing

caaciy, cx siains f

ngining aicains cnacd

by h ANSYS ngining a, and

inna s cass n by ANSYS fhysics-ad sach. ths and

h cx siains s

high-fanc cing (HpC)

in which ag bs a dividd

in sa sgns and hn

svd in aa, ah han in

cnvnina sia fashin.

paaizain aws h sin

f xy ag bs by sing

i-c Cpus ha ach cnain

han n iccss. Adaa cns sch as h n in

ofing, acs f hs HpC i-

c Cpus ay cnain hndds

hsands f iccsss, giving

h h abiiy c cx

siains in a fw hs.

A aj ad iss is dissi-

aing ha gnad by s any

iccsss nning sian-

sy. ovhad sac iiains

d sing h sandad-acic

cd f aying dic cing

hgh fad ans n a aisd

f.

In sach f an ana sin,

ngins cad a siain

d sning h aj facsaffcing ha disibin in h

daa cn. th is aivy

sa, wih 32 sqa s f f

sac and a high f 2.5 s.

Sv acs a axiay

2 s high, aving ab a haf-

caanc h ciing. th

is axiay 2 s f ca-

anc h adjacn sid wa a ih

nd f h ac w. High-w fans

bw h ai, axiay 26 kWf ha ngy, f h h HpC

cs acs cnaining axi-

ay 450 iccsss. Anh

9 kW f ngy xis h h h

acs, which cnain sva id-

ang cnvnina svs, a bac

sv, daa sag nis, a fi sv

and an ninib w sy.

A h a f h (bhind h

acs, an ida siin f scing in

c ai ) a w cing nis

nd hiznay na h ciing.

Server racks viewed from front of room. The three racks on the left

house HPC servers. Ideally, cool air from wall-mounted air conditioners

on the rear wall (behind the racks) gets drawn into the racks, and hot

air from the servers is expelled out the front. Racks to the right of the

HPC servers contain mid-range conventional servers, backup server,

data storage units, file server and an uninterruptible power supply.

Once thermal partitions were installed in the data center, the room

temperature could be turned up to save electricity and still maintain

proper cooling for the equipment.



CONSTruCTiON

each ni is ad a 12.7 kW cing

wih an ai-handing caaciy f

8,000 3 /h — han ngh sfficiny hand h 35 kW f

ha ngy givn ff by a

qin in h .

Basd n hs aas, fid

dynaics siain sing ANSYS

FlueNt sfwa dcd ha

cns f h was, indicaing a

h s in h cn wh h ai

xid h HpC sv acs. this h

aa cnind ang h f h

adjacn sid wa and was aana h ai in f h HpC sv.

C as xisd ang

h sid wa fahs f h HpC

svs. ta asns

in hs aas agd csy wih h

siain dicin.

A sain shwing ai-

fw and ad as hd

xain h h ss and nvn

a disibin in h .

essniay, h ai f h HpC acs(sciay h ac a h nd f h

w) was bwing wad h fn f

h and was scd v and

and h acs dicy bac in

h in sid f h acs, insad f

bing dawn in h cing ni as

inndd. In addiin, h aifw f

h HpC sv was diving aifw

f h cing nis, s c ai was

ny aiay aching h HpC acs,

hs fh aising h a f

ai bing dawn in h HpC sv

acs by fans in h nis.

Wih his insigh, ngins a-

snd ha adding w scins f

ha aiin (n xnding f

h f h acs h ciing

and anh f h sid f h

HpC acs h adjacn wa)

wd sv hs isss. th

a qicy vaad f h

cnfigains sing h sa

d. thgh s cnfigainsw aginay fficin han

h n scd, hy w d

bcas f ga cxiy.

Siain f h chsn cnfig-

ain (wih h ha aiins

addd) shwd daaic iv-

n in diving a nif-

iy in h daa cn and

cing h acs. Accding h

anaysis, HpC ac a a

was wd f 41 C (106 F)

34 C (93 F). Addiinay, incasd

cing fficincy in h ang f

10 cn 20 cn nabd

ngins acay ais avag

a 8 C (ax 15 F)

by adjsing h ai cndiining

cn a wa sing.

tas dicd by h

siain vd b cc whn

asns w an fwing

aiin cnscin. this iv-

n, h s f adding w si

ha aiins, ansas in

an avag anna cs savings f

10,000 s — an sanding n

n an invsn f a jc ha

ab w days f w in

ngining i and js a fw

days nva. n

Contour plot (top) shows hot spots resulting

from hot airflow traveling over and around the

rack units directly back into the rack inlet. This

hot airflow pushes cooling air partially away

from the HPC racks to further increase air

temperature drawn into the racks (bottom).

Original data center room configuration

Bf

Addition of a simple thermal partition

significantly improved temperature uniformity

and airflow.

Constructing thermal partitions (highlighted)

at the top and one side of the racks was a

quick and inexpensive way to modify airflow

for correcting the overheating problem.

Af

Wa-ndcing nisbw c aiwad h bacf h acs

rw f six acs

Fn wa

racs cnainingHpC svs

Ai fcing nis

H ai f ac fansbf nvain

thaaiinddd

rnyds



Sutures in the infant skull

Cut to the BoneSiain dcs sgy dain and ain isin aing infans wih s disds.

By Marek Gzik, Associate Professor, and Wojciech Wolanski, Department of Applied Mechanics

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Dawid Larysz, M.D., Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Canisynssis is a diaic cndiin in which h

ss bwn h bn as f an infan’s s cs

bf bain gwh is cd. th had is fn

isshan, b ian is ha h cndiin ighad dvna difficis. Canisynssis can

b ad via sgy saa h fsd scs.

Dining wh c and hw any cs a

is diffic. rsachs a h Sisian univsiy f

tchngy in pand a sing ANSYS mihysics

sfwa dc h nb f cs qid f bn

xansin. Af 20 sccssf ains, nsgn

Dawid laysz f h mdica univsiy f Sisia s

ha h aach has hd iv ain -

cs hgh dcd sgy dain.

A nwbn’s bain gws and dvs aidy,

dbing in v in h fis nin nhs and iingwihin h yas. th s s xand aidy

accda his gwh. th na infan s

cnsiss f sva bn as saad by fibs jins

cad ss. ths ss snd bain gwh by

sching and dcing nw bn, awing h s

gw in nisn wih h ndying bain. In i h

ss cs, fing a sid ic f bn.

hEALThCArE

Wih canisynssis, h ss cs ay,

dcing xansin and nw bn cain, casing h

bain a h ah f as sisanc. uiay,

h sha f h bain, s and fac bcs disd.

Sv fs f canisynssis ay s in

dvna days na adain. th cndiin

affcs n in 2,000 iv bihs; i affcs as wic asfn as fas.

In sv cass, sgy is h cndd a-

n. th sgn fans h fhad bn a i

fxib and hn as adia cs, cad s-

is, in h bn wan i, inninay awing

i df as h bain dvs. Iday, sgica

ccin shd cc bwn h ags f h nhs

and six nhs.

th chang f

sgns is f

h ini nb

f sis ha wi

aw h bain gw

is siz wih-

dfing h s

dcing is sngh.

onc h sis

hav bn cd,

Frontal bones

Anterior fontanelle

Sagittal suture

Posterior

fontanelle

Occipital boneLambdoid suture

Parietal bones

Colonal suture

Metopic suture

A child with craniosynostosis requires frequent medical evaluations to

ensure that the skull, facial bones and brain are developing normally.

The least invasive type of therapy involves use of a form-fitting helmet

or band that fits snugly on the prominent areas of the head but allows

the recessed and flattened portions to gradually expand into the open

areas of the helmet, molding the head as it grows.

Infant prepared for corrective surgery


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ansys-advantage-02-11 29/52www.ansys.c

hEALThCArE

ANSYS Advanag • V V, Iss 2, 2011 27

h s sh d

dica as csy

as s s i b h

chanica -

is f a na s.

Nsgns

y n nwdg

a n d x i n c

ding -aiv

anning. thi na-

a ndncy is

n h sid f safy, fing ngh sis

ns h is ia f bain gwh. Hwv, a

ag-han-ncssay nb f sis nghns

sgy i, incasing is h infan. Anh

nia cnsqnc is a anny wand s.

Sisian univsiy f tchngy sachs hav

ind h s f fini n anaysis dinh ini nb and cain f sis ha a

qid nab bain gwh. thy s cd

gahy (Ct) scans gna a 3-D d f h

infan’s s wih h s f miics® sfwa. this iag-

cssing acag, dvd by maiais® NV,

gnas 3-D ds f sacd dica iags. th

sachs hn x h miics d ANSYS

mihysics sfwa f anaysis.

th a dind h

bn’s aia is by

fing hysica ss

sing s aia ha hadbn vd in vis

ains n an mtS Insigh

10 N s sand.

In h cn cas f an

infan wih ignchay, a

scia y f canisyns-

sis ha invvs fsin f

h ic s in h

fhad, sachs cad 3-D ds f h fhad

bn in fiv vaians and xd h ANSYS

mihysics sfwa. ths vaians incdd inac

bn, fand fhad, fiv sis, six sis

and igh sis. Dcs had visy dind

ha h bn shd dfc 20 accda

bain gwh. using h siain sfwa, anayss

dind h an f ad ha was qid

achiv 20 dfain wih ach vaian. Anaysis f

h sca ss shwd ha igh sis

vidd h bs s ccin cndiins f his

ain. Wih siain, dcs baby wd havfd nncssay addiina sis b s

h was ngh f bain xansin.

th gy f ach s is diffn, s sachs

hav anayzd h ss f 20 infans wih cani-

synssis. In ach cas, hy w ab din h

ini nb f sis ha wd vid h

ndd f bain xansin. th siain ss

hd h sgn a b f h ain;

h cd isf was ch fas, and i was asi n

h infan bcas f h dcd nb f sis.

oains w sccssf n ach f hs ains,

and h chidn a a ding w.th ss nxcdy vad h ian

infnc f ag n ccin ss. By h i a chid is

h nhs d, h s has siffnd h in ha a

sbsaniay ag nb f sis is ndd

accda bain gwh. pfing h ain a an

ay ag dcs bh h nb f sis ndd

and h invasivnss f h ain.

this cas xifis hw bichanica ding

can b sd s sgica cds. n

th iizain f bichanica and fid fw

ding s f sgica anning is gwing inany aas bynd diaic s sgy, incding

hdic ian acn, cba anys

cds and sf iss ais. In ach f hs

siains, siain ss a hing dc

sgy i and vid ia an.

Type of Correction Deflection (mm) Load (N)

Inac fhad bn 20 52

Fand fhad 20 37

Fiv sis 20 15

Six sis 20 10

eigh sis 20 4

Finite element model of

forehead bone

Table of bone deflection after deformation summarizes the

structural results.

Three-D model of skull before correctionStructural analysis results show load required to deflect bone and

deformation of the forehead bone after deflection.

Material properties determined by physical testing

Material Young Modulus

[MPa]

Poisson

Ratio

Peak Load

[N]

Bone of three-month-

old child

380 0,2 45

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Extension [mm]

L e a

d [ N ]



Separating the Streamsmihas siain can iv fancf i and gas saain qin.

By David Stanbridge, Managing Director, Swift Technology Group, Norwich, U.K.

Saas a sd hgh

h i and gas indsy si

dcin fids in cnns f

i, gas and wa (as w as cna-inans). on an ffsh faciiy, h

qin is fnd in any as

f h va css. th iniia

saa, say fd as fis-

sag, saas h iniia sa in

disinc gas, i and wa sas.

ths sas a hn individay

cssd. p saain f-

anc can hind va dcin;

in s cass, afs dc

ny 50 cn f dsign caaciy

d saain.

th indsy has sd c-

aina fid dynaics (CFD) xn-

sivy bsh saain

qin fanc wih diffn

hdgis. ms cn is

sggad sing-has siain,

in which gas and iqid hass a

anayzd saay. mihas

v f fids (VoF) siains a

sf in anayzing iqid sshing

bhavi in saas scd

ving afs. this sshing

anaysis is say caid in c-

binain wih a s-dfind fncin

ha adjss gaviy and ais

h inia fcs: Ciis, e

and cnifga. Hisicay, fids

nih n n av h vss.

Benefits of Multiphase Simulation

As nw saain qin

bcs sa and fw asxcd h dsign caaciy f xising

qin, nd ss a qsining

h accacy f bh h sggad

sing-has aach and VoF f

sshing. exndd s f ihas

OiL ANd gAS

Simulation of a vertical cyclone vessel

designed to remove bulk liquid from the feed

stream. Pathlines of primary gas phase show

where the liquid has a concentration of more

than 25 percent.

Swirl element fitted in the cyclone

siain is nw ssib as a s

f nhancns c w

and ANSYS FlueNt caabiiis.

Sfwa ivns hav d

dcd n is; ihas and

bnc ds hav a ga

abi i y hand iay and

scnday hass. th ihas

hd vcs h iiains f

sggad sing-has and VoF

aachs. I as aws f daid

anaysis f inhas inacins,

viding aisic ss. Swiftchngy G has sdid w

ys f saain dvics ha s

h ihas hd. th cany

is a chngy-divn ganizain ha

ffs c nd--nd dc

dvn f h aicaf, ain,

aiv, i and gas, and nwab

ngis indsis.

D saain is fndana gd saain. th s cn

qin f d saain is

vica hizna vsss ha s

gaviy as h diving fc. m-

cac saain qin fn

ss cycns. By sinning h fw,

ying a sandad angnia in,

sing -aba swi ns,

cycns can gna accains

any is ha f gaviy niay

vid fficin saain in a

sa an f sac. Hwv,

any h cnsidains s b

invsigad. tadiinay, cycnic

qin qid xhasiv -

ying and sing ns ha h

any ngaiv cnsqncs w

dsignd f h fina dc — a

nghy and csy xcis. In

a cn r&D ga f cycn

dvn, Swif sachs fnd

ha h i f ach dsign chang

cyc was axiay igh ws

a a cs f and £45,000 (axi-

ay $73,000 u.S.) cyc, wih



OiL ANd gAS

svn changs qid. By sing

CFD, ach chang can b dd in

w ws, qiing ny n acas — saving a a f han

£300,000 (axiay $485,000

u.S.). N, hwv, ha i is

diffic qanify h xac bnfis

f siain in vy cas.

Simulation of Separation Equipment

th a any xas in

which h ix ihas d

has bn sd anayz saain

wihin cycnic qin. th dis aicab f di--day

dns v ading, f w--

da aica ading, and f

cass in which h Ss nb is

ss han 1. th siifid d can

b sd f hydcycns — qi-

n whs ain fncin is sa-

a fina i ds f wa i

dissa a sa. th chn-

siv eian ihas d is

aicab h cx fws ha

a fnd in h s cn ys

f saain qin dsignd

v b hass as w as

-naind ds. uss can

nhanc hi anaysis f cycnic

fws by aying h rynds sss

bnc d wih iiain

f a iay and scnday hass.

on ian a f saa

anaysis is cny vd:

h iac f sa iing. this

sys has a ag ffc n h

disibin f fids wihin h vss.

th siain xas vidd —

hizna and vica gaviy-divn

saas as w as

cycn-basd saas —

inca h iac f -

sa iing.

I is diffic accay vaida

h siain ss f h insad

vica cycn and saa.

Siain has bn shwn acc-

ay ca bh fw fid and s-

aain fanc in ab and i

s igs. [S fncs.] using

hs ding sagis as w as

xhasiv sing fd v

any yas, a h ciica ascs f

h fw a ccy svd and

indica h y fanc chaac-

isics. As a s, Swif is changing

h inna cnns f any

vsss basd n siain

ss.

th ain fncin f a hizna

h-has saa is si a

fd sa in disc gas, i and

Multiphase simulation within a horizontal three-

phase separator with inlet piping, a vane-type

inlet device and full-diameter perforated

baffles. The lower layer of fluid is water; above

that is the oil phase with the inlet device in the

gas phase of the vessel. The pink area at the

bottom of the vessel shows where sand

entrained in the water phase will initially settle.

wa sas. Nay, gas is h

iay has, and h w iqid

hass a scnday . ths

iqid hass f ds ha a

naind in h gas has, and hy

dc a fi n h i was

ading h saa. th fis

cnn in h saa is h

in dvic, whs iay fncin

is vid a cas saain f

gas and iqid hass. th gas has

cnins ang h f h vss,

whi h iqids d h b

f h saa. A h b f h

vss, h w iqid hass sa-

a, wih h wa a h b and

h i fing a ay bwn h

wa and gas hass.

In s cass, fad baffs

a sd ang h ngh f h hi-

zna vss cn iqid has

fws and disib h vnyacss h avaiab css-scina

aa f h vss, iniizing axia

vciy and axiizing saain.

th eian d is qid in his

The complete length of a typical horizontal separator: The blue layer represents the interface

between gas and oil phases, and the green layer represents the interface between oil and

water. The vertical blue areas represent part diameter perforated baffles. Along the length of

the vessel, four contours show velocity distribution in both oil and water phases.



Analysis of a vertical production separator

with a vane-type inlet device shows that

the inlet pipe keeps much of the liquid on

one side of the vessel — leading to non-

optimal separation.

y f siain bcas f h

nb f fid gi changs.

In a vica dcin saawi h a van- y in dv ic

xa, gas and iqid a in-

dcd a h sa f h i n

h saa vss. th i ing

cass h iqid b biasd n

sid f h vss — which ds n

dc ia saain and, in

s cass, can ad h gss

cayv f iqid hgh h vss’s

gas .

In cncsin, Swif sachshav fnd ha ANSYS FlueNt sf-

wa can d — a high dg

f accacy — any cbinains

and ains f saas

avaiab wihin h indsy. n

ReferencesSlack, M.D.; Prasad, R.O.; Bakker, A.; Boysan, F. Advances in Cyclone Modelling Using

Unstructured Grids. Trans. I. Chem. E.,2000, 78(A), pp. 1098–1104.

Cokljat, D.; Slack, M.; Vasquez, S. Reynolds- Stress Model for Eulerian Multiphase . 4thSymposium on Turbulence, Heat and MassTransfer, 2003, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 8.

Slack, M.D. Best Practice Advice for AC3-03 Cyclone Separator, Thematic Network for Quality and Trust in the Industrial Application of CFD (qnet-cfd). Thematic area 3, 2003,Barcelona, pp. 5.http//www.qnet-cfd.net

OiL ANd gAS

Help ing CAE c l ient s gain ins ight

IBM® High Per for m anc e

Comput ing

For a Sm ar t er Planet

ibm.com/ deepcomputing



PredictingTurbomachineryErosion Ratesesin a dicins h dsigns

iv ngviy f aing qin has a in hash nvinns.

By Edward Bennett, Director of Fluids Engineering, and Artem Ivashchenko,

Project Engineer, Mechanical Solutions, Inc., Whippany, U.S.A.

tbachiny fws ha cnain sid aics sn

an ndsiab y fn inscaab cndiin bcas f

acica aing cnsidains. Ds, sand, fy ash, in

xid, css-iginad aias, and h dbis f

abadab sas bad bbing a xas f h

vaid csiin f hs sid aics. ths aics

can cas sin, dsiin and/ csin and a,

hf, a cn sc f fanc dgadain

and cnn daag. th cnsqncs a csy,

incding h bvis xns f bachiny

cnns ha s b aid acd. Addiina

css incd nais f dcd achin-aing

fficincy and s dciviy, sinc h bachiny

dwn f ainnanc divs h an qin. rcny,

caina hds f sin siain hav

bc avaiab, nabing dsigns dv -

dab bachiny.

mchanica Sins, Inc. (mSI) is a cnsing and

r&D cany ha vids dsign, anaysis and sing

svics f ganizains and h wd. mSI, which has

vn xis in dsign and anaysis f a inds f

aing achiny, has cad sin as in w h-

gas xand dsigns.

FCC Expanders Troubled by Erosion

Fid caayic cacing (FCC) h-gas xands f

a sbs f indsia bachiny ha cnsisny

ssains significan sin daag [1]. thgh h

aicain f wdd caayss in cnjncin wih

vad a, h FCC css cnvs high-

ca-wigh hydcabns in

vaab dcs, incding gasin. th FCC

css is fn ad cninsy in

finis f ids f sva nhs.

Solid model of fluid domains of FCC

hot-gas expander, illustrating blade

characteristics of the machine along

with approximate size

CFD models of redesigned FCC hot-gas expander flowpaths for instances of 40 percent reaction (left) and 68 percent reaction (right)

ANSYS Advanag • V V, Iss 2, 2011www.ansys.c 31

TurBOmAChiNEry



F gas, a bydc f h FCC css, avss a

saa, which vs 90 cn f h caays

aics, hn asss hgh an FCC h-gas xand. A sciaizd y f bachin, an FCC xand

cvs a sizab in f h ss and ha

ngy aining wihin h f gas and ss i div

css qin gna ciciy.

Bynd having vad in as, sing-

sag FCC xands a chaacizd by a ag ss

ai, yicay h n. th bin bads f h FCC

xand a siansy sbjcd sbsania

adynaic and ha ssss ha innsify h sin

daag casd by sida sid caays aics.

Powerful Analytical Techniques Offer SolutionsCaina fid dynaics (CFD) has bn sd

iiz h dsign f bachiny fwahs f any

yas. ANSYS CFX sfwa, f xa, incds h

caabiiy ac sid aics in h fid dain — as

w as dic sid aic sin — hgh

TurBOmAChiNEry

Color contour plots of predicted rotor erosion rate densities for

40 percent reaction geometry (left) and 68 percent reaction geometry

(right). Red regions indicate locations of highest erosion rates.

Enlarged color contour plots of the rotor erosion rate densities on

blade leading edges of the FCC gas expander are shown for 40 percent

reaction geometry (left), and 68 percent reaction geometry (right).

aicain f hica ds dvd by Widn

tabaff and a a h univsiy f Cincinnai in h

unid Sas [2] [3]. machiny fwah dsigns can

a advanag f hs ds qanify niadaag assag was and bads. Fh, ss

can jdg h fficacy f sd dsign aains wih

sc sin.

Evaluations of FCC Expander Flowpaths to Reduce Erosion

Basd n i hisy daa, a aica d f FCC

h-gas xand was fnd ssain xcssiv sid

aic sin daag. Whi cndcing a annd

gad a in f xands, mSI fd a

caina sin anaysis f his achin’s fwah

sing ANSYS CFX. th anaysis qanifid h diffnc in

sin as achivd by incasing h dsign acin fh xand sag.

engins a mSI dsignd a nw 40 cn nina

acin fwah and cad i wih anh siia —

as nw — 68 cn acin dsign, f a dsign

ss ai f 3.5 and sd f 5,070 . each

dsign cnsisd f h adjacn fid dains ha

snd h sa, and diffs. Sinc ach

dain is cycicay syic, ny n bad w

sc f ach dain ndd b dd, hs

dcing sin i. th ds w shd wih

ANSYS tbGid sfwa, dcing a hxahda sh

f axiay 637,000 nds.

th -ε bnc d accnd f bnc

ffcs, and h sag fa chang d was aid

h infacs bwn sa, and diffs dains.

th sin d cnsids h sid aic’s siz and

aiv vciy, iingn ang f h aic si,

and aias f bh h aic and h ding sfac.

th cfficins f qaz s w sd sn sid

aics and ding sfacs, and h dfa bnd

chaacisics f h sin d w sd.



Analytical Results Foretold Improvements

th dicd adynaic fanc f h w

dsigns was qi siia, wih fficincis f 87.2 cn

and 87.9 cn f h 40 cn and 68 cn acin

dsigns, scivy. Hwv, diffncs in h sin

as w dicd. In swiching f h 40 cn

acin h 68 cn acin fwah dsign, h

CFD anaysis dicd a 22 cn dcin f avag

bad sin a dnsiy ang wih a 5 cn

dcin f avag sa bad sin a dnsiy. F

h 40 cn acin dsign, h bads had

65 cn high sin a dnsiy han h sa

bads, b h 68 cn acin dsign had ny a

35 cn high a. this sggsd ha h andsa bad wa wd cc a cnsisn as in

h cas f h 68 cn acin dsign.

th iay sin daag dicd f h 40 cn

acin fwah dsign csy sbd h daag ha

was ssaind by an FCC gas xand f his y aing

in a finy. this indicad ha a gd cainxisd bwn h CFD ds and h aca FCC

xand. th 68 cn acin dsign dicd naby

ivd sin fanc, sciay ang h ading

dgs f h bads. undbdy his is d

diinishd f gas vciy n h ading dgs f h

aing bads, a chaacisic f his dsign.

Whi bh dsigns fa ansnic fw and high

adynaic ading, mach nb s isa

cnsidaby dcd sa ading f h 68 cn

acin dsign. Sain s indica siia fw ans

n h ss sid f ach ( s). Hwv,

siain dics a dcin in h hb scnday fw n

h scin sfac, a fanc ivn ha sd

f h 68 cn acin dsign.

Conclusions

Fid fw anaysis f w FCC gas xand dsigns

dnsad h abiiy dsign bachiny

fw ahs and ai sin chaacisics f ivd

bad ngviy. Whn cad h cs f cing

bad acns, dcd achin fficincy and

s dcin d qin dwni, h cs

f addssing sin wih CFD anaysis is inia.

Sinc h xn f h sin daag casd by sid

aics naind in h iay fwah can b iigad,

h sf aing if f bachins can b xndd

significany. nReferences[1] Carbonetto, B.; Hoch, G. Advances in Erosion Prediction of Axial

Expanders . Texas A&M University Turbomachinery Symposium,Houston, Texas, U.S.A., September 1999.

[2] Hamed, A.; Tabakoff, W;. Wenglarz, R. Erosion and Deposition inTurbomachinery. Journal of Propulsion & Power , 2006, vol. 22, no. 2,pp. 350–360.

[3] Hamed, A.; Tabakoff, W.; Rivir, R.B.; Das, K.; Arora, P. Turbine BladeSurface Deterioration by Erosion. Journal of Turbomachinery , 2005,vol. 127, pp. 445–452.

Half-span Mach number color contour plots are shown for 40 percent

reaction geometry (top), and for 68 percent reaction geometry (bottom).

Rotor blade surface streamlines, colored by velocity, near rotor blade surfaces for 40 percent reaction geometry (left pair) and 68 percent reaction

geometry (right pair) of the FCC hot-gas expander. Left of each pair represents pressure side and right, suction side.

TurBOmAChiNEry



ThOughT LEAdEr

Green DesignWih siain and anaysis, ging gn ffs any bnfis.By Peter A. Bilello, President, CIMdata Inc., Ann Arbor, U.S.A.

evidnc is ning ha h is f “ging gn”

and dving nvinnay ssainab dcs is

ving away f gay cianc h

aizain ha a significan nw bsinss niy is

hd.

th aizain as a daaic inin shif. many

u.S. anfacs gd ssainabiiy and gnnss

as a gay bdn fisd n h by eanbacas. tday, any f hs sa anfacs

s ha dving ssainab dcs ffs a ssain-

ab ciiv advanag.

As a s, anfacs — vn hs sbjc

i a vsigh ni cny — a ndging a

fndana aid adjsn. Cains aiz h

gn niy is ch bigg han h ging

chngis — wind-wd bins, sa ccs,

bifs, can ca, c. — ha dina dia cvag

f bsinss.

A svy by h massachss Insi f

tchngy’s Sloan Management Review (win 2011)

and Bsn Cnsing G shws ha ssainabiiy

“sss” a changing anagn’s .

Bsinsss a incasing invsn in, and aying

anin , ssainabiiy; a fanc ga is ging

bwn canis ha bac ssainabiiy and hs

ha d n; and anagn is n bad fb-in iac han f nvinna asns.

essniay, h sdy s a acins a sis f

singn gains aid a nfcing ssainabiiy.

enacd in h ean unin (eu), hs incd h

rsicin f Hazads Sbsancs (rHS) and csy

ad Was ecica and ecnic eqin (Weee)

dicivs. m daid is h rgisain, evaain,

Ahizain and rsicin f Chicas (reACH)

sicin. end f lif Vhic (elV) as dc

h an f was whn vhics a finay scad.

China, Jaan, Sh ka, sva h cnis, and a

nb f u.S. sas a ading hs gains

ahing siia ns.

th bsinss iicains hav not bn issd in

Gany and sva h x-ind cnis.

rcgnizing ha gn cnfs ssainab ciiv

advanag and bss yn, gis as

aia hndds f iins f s annay in

ans, gans and sbsidis f aj indsis. Sa

haing ans a n xa.

phas h biggs cas in in is h aiv

indsy. manfacs f cas, cs and bss a

caing adicay nw wains — ngins, ans- issins, f cs and bais s w cnics

— f cing gnains f cic and hybid vhics.

Aiv canis wdwid a invsing ns f

biins f das/s annay.



ThOughT LEAdEr

Simulation and Analysis Meets PLM

Whh in aiv h ag-sca anfacing, ging gn bings gh w cnay

sin ss ha, whn aid, can significany nhanc

an ganizain’s abiiy dsign and div gn

dcs.

Simulation and analysis (S&A) is fn cad

c-aidd ngining (CAe) caina

ding. Fini n anaysis (FeA) and caina

fid dynaics (CFD) a is w s widy sd fs.

Givn h incasing sc and cxiy f gn

qins, ch is a sa y n anayss ha

a fd a in dvn.

F ag, cx gn syss, S&A is inndd w wihin h cnx f an nis’s va product

lifecycle management (PLM) nvinn.

plm is h nis-v sin f anaging nw-

dc dvn infain and a csnding

inca y (Ip). plm is a cnaizd cndi f

nifid daa xchang wih dc daa anagn

and fficin wfw. this aach is as c-

hnsiv as ifcyc ssainabiiy.

Sccss wih hs wf sins and s

ans dving a hisic dsign aach biding

gn cianc in a ssainab ciiv

dvg.

Significan ivns f dc fanc and

iabiiy can b achivd wih CAe chniqs sch as

aaic CAD ding, FeA, CFD, cagnic

ding and ihysics c siains. B f

axi bnfi, hy s b sd wihin plm

nvinns aid in a bad sns. this ans

iizing a cnsisn s f bsinss csss and

fcsing daa-cain and daa-anagn s n

h dc’s gnnss.

S&A, Green Design and Manufacturing

F xs and anayss, h a s scifics

ab sing S&A sins in an va plm nvinn

find gn niis. many f hs a n nw;

s a basic, cn bsinss sns.

• Minimize h s f ngy-innsiv aw aias by

iing xcss wigh/ass. us ngining si-

ain hin s f hb and d agins f

. maias css cd d by sva cn-

ag ins. exas abnd: on f sid

havy anfacing is h asic b. Wdwid,

200 iin f h a id and discadd vy

day. each n wighs an nc (ghy 50gas). rdcing hi wigh by 10 cn cd

sav sva hsand ns f asic per day , s h

ngy sd cyc h.

• Maximize h s f c-findy aias. Dsign

in cycd aias whnv ssib in ac fngy-innsiv aw aias.

• Identify and optimize ising nw dsign

anaivs wih S&A and plm avid hysicay

biding and sing i ys. eiinaing a

sing y can c ws f a dc anch

schd.

• Reduce manufacturing learning curves fas wih

nica anaysis f iy cass f a-sag

ngining changs, s and w. pfis can

b gnad sn.

• Resolve bottlenecks as hy aa in dcin

wih S&A and h infain in plm siis. As

w-ands iina nia shwss,

ni f ngy gs again, and

dcin css fa.

• Use electronic distribution f a facy f

dcns — w/assby inscins, f

xa. th an f a (and facy f ash)

can b sashd by hsands f ags a w in

a di-siz an, and any is ha in a

ag n.

• Focus S&A on shipping and packaging dcs

and si aias. Cnsid ving finaassby, n-ff ss and aining cs h

cs. F s canis, shiing si ffs

any ways dc f css and g gn. ms

acaging can bc c-findy.

“Success with these powerful

solutions and tools means

developing a holistic design

approach to building green

compliance into a sustainable

competitive advantage.”



• Address service and support early in h dsign

has. Siain is a vn f siifying

fid-svic accss cnns basd n ndsf svic. Qic, asi ainnanc dcs h

cs’s ifcyc css and is asiy dnsad

wih S&A.

• The end of the product lifecycle bings ngining

ding bac rHS, Weee, reACH, elV, c.

obsscnc and fsab cycing difficis

a bs da wih a cncin by anayzing wha

can han in h sca yad.

ms f hs gn acics hav ch in cn

wih aady-sabishd anfacing iniiaivs. ths

incd an (iniizing invnis), -ngining (i-izing facy w fws) and snsib is anagn.

Ging gn adds incnivs and ayffs; i can av

ss as cis fnding.

The Green Consumer and Noncompliance

Siain and anaysis wihin an va plm cnx

ffs significan niis win nw css.

Cnss hav aady shwn hy a wiing ay a

i f w-ngind gn dcs, bginning

wih hybid-wd and cic cas. As indsy shifs

ssainab gds, day’s ic diffncs can b

xcd vs.

Fai ing cy wih ssainabi i y-ad

gains can b xy csy in fins, nais and

cas. rgas s vy w hshds f cain

as and chicas; hy hav w anc f vn

sa viains. In s cnis, nncian d-

cs ay b bannd f sa if a hazads aia

hshd is xcdd n a sing a.

Days in dnsaing cianc can sw ha

a dc anch, niay aving dcs sacd in

wahss whi fs a ivd, aia vs

a vifid, and avas a sgh. S&A in an nd--ndplm nvinn aws

bsinsss ci,

c a , ana yz ,

s and

agains day’s and h

f’s vn-gh

gn gains and

qins.

ThOughT LEAdEr

Green is Here to Stay

As a ciica a f an va dc ifcyc

anagn nvinn, ngining siain

vids h daa cain and iizain caabiiis

ndd y iiz gnnss f a nw dc in a

ascs. Indsia canis, gadss f siz in f

bsinss, can and wi hav iiz plm inga

gn cncs in vy has f dc dvn.

manfacs can sd and sh nw

dsign csss and dcin anchs. Anaivs

iv gn dsigns can b qicy and hghy

vaad wih S&A. engins can cy wih - danding gvnna qins, changing

a nds, bs h va f gn dcs nd

ss and vn iiz cnficing cns dands.

th va f hs sins is ha hgh a si-

ain-divn dc dvn css, canis

can a a aciv aach gain significan

ciiv advanag f yas c. thy wi b ab

g gn dcs a qicy and fficiny.

Disiv as-in changs can b avidd ang wih

h ssiv css f nncianc. Nw ads in

cncns f nvinna isss a aady ging.

An va gn aach dc ifcycanagn n ny nabs a cany dsign,

dc and div gn dcs h a, i

as can h h cany incas a dc’s civd

va h cns — dcasing ifcyc css f

cns and cany.

plm is y a gn nab, b a cany’s plm

sagy nds h aia S&A s n gn and

ssainabiiy in ssainab ciiv advanag. nCIMdata is a non-biased, independent, global management consultingfirm that has established itself as a world-leading source of information

and guidance to both industrial organizations and suppliers of PLMtechnologies and services.

Slaton aes cotes Cns, inc. an da El-hanasa.

gapcs © Stocpoto.co/sebae, Stocpoto.co/hen5000,

Stocpoto.co/4x6, Stocpoto.co/Falconaz


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BEST PrACTiCE

37

th x gic cxiy f

bin bads and h nd

ca his cxiy gna

acca siain ss abin bad anaysis changing.

th ANSYS paa ic Dsign

langag (ApDl) f ANSYS mch-

anica sfwa has bn h dfa

nvinn f bin bad

anaysis f any in his indsy

bcas f is wid fa s,

aiy, and accss wf

sciing s. B h ANSYS

Wbnch nvinn has ad

aidy v h as sva ass,

and day h sfwa ffs ajadvanags in bin bad ding.

ths advanags incd an ivd

abiiy ansf daa bwn

anaysis aicains, nw siain-

scific ding caabiiis and

shing advancns.

Gas bin si Chay

is gaining significan bnfis by

ving h ANSYS Wbnch

nvinn. th cany is hwd’s ags indndn si

f ais, caings and FAA-

avd acn as f

bin aifis and h ciica

ngin cnns f ccia

aiins, h iiay and indsia

bin ngin aicains. A cn

bin bad anaysis in ANSYS

Wbnch was cd in haf h

i ha h adiina infac

wd hav qid. In addiin, h

ANSYS Wbnch d qid ach dcd sin i.

on y advanag f ANSYS

Wbnch f Chay is ha i

nabs daa shaing ang h wid

ang f anaysis s in h ANSYS

fi. tyicay, ngins s

sady-sa ha anaysis

din h ha sa f h

bad. th a hn bings hs

ss in a saic sca anaysisand ss h sss-siffnd sa f

da anaysis. th d cad in

ANSYS Wbnch can as b sd

f caina fid dynaics

(CFD) siain wih ANSYS FlueNt

sfwa. Cny, Chay

ngins s in-hs s

gna ha bnday cndiins,

b, in h f, hy an swich

CFD f ivd accacy.

th ANSYS Wbnch jc

schaic v iw savs i byviding an va viw f h ni

siain jc. th s siy

dags h dsid anaysis syss

f h bx and ds h in

h jc schaic. th anaysis

syss cnain a ncssay

ANSYS Workbench schematic of a turbine blade analysis

Fast StudyGas bin si vags ANSYS Wbnch sd cx bin bad anaysis.

By Page Strohl, Senior Structures Engineer, Chromalloy Gas Turbine LLC, Orangeburg, U.S.A. i m a g e © S

t o c k p h o t o . c o m / m c h a e l 1 9 5 9


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BEST PrACTiCE

38

cnns and gid h s

hgh h sys f

b. rqid daa ansf cn-

ncins a fd aaicay.

Fing a in sing dag and d in

h jc schaic achivs daa

ansf bwn diffn hysics

and cas id ads indwnsa siain.

S i a in f n dands

ding caabiiis ha ih

a acing in CAD syss

ind in a fashin ha is n

w sid f fing siain.

th ANSYS Wbnch nvinn

incds a fa-basd sid d

cad ANSYS Dsignmd, which

can b sd ca aaic

gy f scach a

xising c-aidd dsign

gy f anays is. ANSYS

Dsignmd sfwa vids a

wid ang f ding fncins

dsignd scificay f siain,

incding aa ic gy

cain, CAD gy dificain,

aad can and ai, and

cs s dsignd f fid fw,

sca and h ys f anaysis.

CAD ds a say inndd

accay sn h dsigninn and fn ac addiina

fas ndd f siain.

ANSYS Dsignmd as i asy

dfin hs fas. F xa,

h jcin fa jcs a in

n a sfac dfin a ca aa

ha can b sd ay a ad

add a fin sh cn.

CAD ds fn cnain ch

dai han qid f si-

ain, and his dai can sbsaniay

incas sin is. ANSYS

Dsignmd vids a wid ang

f fas f siifying gy,sch as ding CAD fas,

ging i bdis in n,

and ging bdis f a a.

Fac and dg g ains

asiy siify ds by iinaing

nncssay fas and bndais,

sing in fas sins. Sw and

cnnc ains ns

cnnciviy in ds wih gas and

vas. F xa, h fac d

fncin ivs shing fficincy

by ding nndd sfacs. th

g sfac fncin is sd

g an isand f a sfac wih

a snding sfac. Ban

ains g i sfacs

in n iina nncssay

fas and fh iv si-

ain fficincy.

Chay ngins s h

bdy ain fncin in h ANSYSDsignmd c a ic

f h d and v i anh

aa. th hid facs fncin as i

ssib v xna facs

f viw, vaing inna sfacs

s ha w n h can b

fd asiy.

th ANSYS Wbnch nvin-

n ffs sva aj advancs in

shing fncinaiy ha dc h

i qid sh cx

gy. mshing chngis

wihin ANSYS Wbnch vid

The face delete function removes unnecessary surfaces in a turbine blade model.

The merge function simplifies a turbine blade model.



BEST PrACTiCE

bs, w-shad, qadaic,

ahda shing n vn h

s-cicad gis. uss

can gna hx shs sing

sva diffn sh hds,

dnding n h y f d and

whh h s wans a -hx

sh hx-dinan sh.

Bynd and hx shing,

h a xnsiv s f hybid

shing wih hxahda and a-

hda gins and bdis. ths

d s can b shd w i h

cnfing nncnfing shsa cn infacs. th fac/dg

sizing as i asy chang

h siz f h sh. th ach

cn ais a sh n a

sfac ha achs h sh n

anh siia sfac. th ad

sh cn ais a scd,

cviina sh.

th a w basic aachs

fing anays is in ANSYS

Wbnch. th fis aach

cs ANSYS mchanica ApDl and ANSYS Wbnch mchanica

caabiiis f ha,

sca and da siains.

Cha y ngins f

ha anaysis in ANSYS mchanica

ApDl s ha ha inf-

ain f an in-hs cd

can b incdd in h anaysis.

A dy ha anaysis is

hn s vd in ANSYS

Wbnch mchanica

i h as f

ANSYS mchanica ApDl. th

ha d is svd f

h inad ading f

cndcin an. ths

ss a hn sd in ANSYS

Wbnch as in f saic

and da anayss.th scnd aach is

f h anays is

c y ins id h ANSYS

mchanica aicain divn by

cand snis in h ha

siain. A h anayss dscibd

in h fis aach cc in cand

snis, which a acs difid

a wihin h ANSYS Wbnch

nvinn. th sca and da

anayss a fd in h sa

way as dscibd in h fis aach.Sca siain can b

fd wih a cbinain f

siain bnday cndiins and

cand sni bnday cndiins.

th ha bnday cndiins a

dicy ind f ha siain.

Cnac bwn h bad and dis

f da anaysis is nay

addssd by aaching cnac

ns h dis. t bain

ssss, i’s ncssay n a

saa sca sin wih

ficina cnac.

A cn xa shws wha his

fncinaiy ans an individafing gas bin anaysis. th

a a Chay cny cad

a bin bad d in h ANSYS

mchanica ApDl infac, snding

a w and a haf gna a

shd d wih 5 iin nds.

Wih h ANSYS Wbnch nvin-

n, i ny f days gna

a d f h sa bad wih h

sa v f fidiy b wih ny

1.5 iin nds. Aying bnday

cndiins f ha and sca

anaysis h hs n h

adiina d, b ny 30 ins

wih h ANSYS Wbnch d.

th sca n i f a ina

sin wih cnac ns

sing h adiina d was n

and a haf days, cad ny

w hs f h ANSYS Wbnch

d. Whn cnac ns

w addd, h n i f h

adiina d incasd fdays, whi h ANSYS Wbnch

d incasd ny n day.

this aicain saizs h

sbsania bnfis vidd by

ANSYS Wbnch f bin

bad anaysis. n

Match control tool used to generate mesh.

Analysis in ANSYS Mechanical APDL and results interpolated onto an ANSYS Workbench

thermal simulation



Advancd CAe d aain nhancs sv dsign and iizain.

By Andrea Tezza, Mechanical Engineering, Extraflame Technical Department

La Nordica-Extraflame, Vincenza, Italy

Cs fnc and siciv innaina

gains ad ngy fficincy hav shd

haing aianc anfac exafa a sig-

nifican invsns in r&D. la Ndica-exafa is a

ad in h fid f haing aiancs, wih 35 yas’

xinc in anfacing -bning svs, wd

svs, fiac inss and bis. p- and wd-

bning svs hav gaind aiy in cn yas as

fssi f ics sad. Bh wd and wd- fs

a cabn na by dfiniin: Bning wd ds n

as any cabn dixid han h vna bi-dgadain f h nbnd wd. In fac, 2.3 igas

f did wd vids h qivan caific w f

1 i f dis i 1 cbic f naa gas — vn

hgh wd f is icd 50 cn ss han

dis i naa gas.

Wihin hs aiancs, cbsin f s

wd incass h a f h h xhas

sa wihin a a ha xchang (bi in s

ds). Ai wa is, in n, had by h ha

xchang and hn cicad hgh h sac.

exafa sad sing fid dynaics sfwa f

ANSYS in 2009 f sdis n svs ha s

wd wd s as h iay f sc. Anayss

cndc daid cnn-v fid fw anaysis,

sch as ha xchang iizain iv ni

fficincy, which dcs f cnsin whi

viding cnsisn ha. Hwv, h cany aizd

ha gy d aain was a bnc

Siain Divn pdc Dvn.

evn hgh s exafa anayss hav s

faiiaiy wih adiina CAD syss, accss

hs s is n aways avaiab. th ngining a

cgnizd ha dfaing a diy gy d inadiina CAD can b ainsaingy abis. t b

qi anayss f his w and sain h css,

h da n cns idd bh h ANSYS

Dsignmd and ANSYS SacCai Dic

md, wih h a scd in 2010.

Whh daing an xising d dsigning a

nw ni f scach, h CAD dan a exafa

vids daid gy ds f anayss’ s.

ths gis a sis shad in naiv CAD

fa b, cny, h ansf ccs sing

Step. th abiiy i a bad ang f gy

fas was an inhn qin f scin f

h anayss’ gy . Addiinay, wih a dic

ding avaiab ha is caib ANSYS

Wbnch, exafa anayss can bid gis

f scach faciia cnc sdis, i any daid dsign ds bing cad by h

CAD dan.

Whn h CAD g vids a daid dsign

d, anayss f h dfaing, can and

haing ains, and fw v cain f sid

gy. this gy ay b adjsd and cnd

as a f h iizain css. Whn a gy is

Extraflame Rosy™ pellet stove

with nominal thermal power

of 2.5 to 5.0 kW, total efficiency

exceeding 87 percent and an

hourly pellet fuel consumption

of 0.6 to 1.2 kg/hr

Hot air outlet

Cast-iron heat

exchanger

Pellet loading

Combustion air inlet

Room air fan

Exhaust outlet

Detailed CAD model for residential 4 kW (thermal) pellet stove

Warming Up toDirect Modeling

ANALySiS TOOLS



ANALySiS TOOLS

ady f anaysis, an assciaiv infac asss h

gy ANSYS Wbnch. mshing, sin and

s-cssing a a fd wihin h ANSYS

Wbnch nvinn.

using ANSYS SacCai Dic md, caing

h inna fw vs in a sv is saigh-

fwad. th anaysis a cas is sing h Fill

cand, which hn can b daggd sing h sd h Pull cand ang h axis f h i, a-

aicay caing fw vs. Dagging h fac in h

si dicin xnds h i v away f

h igina dain, which is advanags a ins

aw h fw fid fy dv i aching h

aa f ins. F ag, cx ds, h Gaps

d Missing Faces cands nd h ai ab

a hf f haing baic gy. Ai-

ficia inignc bi in h GuI as cnsidab

ain f h css aiv sandad CAD.

th Split Edges cand is ian f iinaing

cincidn, dndan dgs, which cny xis whn

wing wih Step gy. Sa hs, sch as b

hs ha nd b csd as a f his css, can

b aaicay dcd and csd sing h Fill

cand. th gy is siifid by iinaing nn-

ssnia as. th bjciv is ca w indndn

fw vs, n f h xhas gas sa and hh f h haing di — ih wa ai,

dnding n h ni. ths w fw vs

insc a h sv’s a ha xchang, which

faciias ngy xchang f h h xhas sa

h haing di. th a yicay can a

anaysis-ady gy wihin a fw hs.

Bcas f h ddicad infac h ANSYS

Wbnch af, anayss can v f gy

anaysis and cnin da h gy and sa

h cas wih dis -w. Fwing iizain,

dsign changs a vidd bac h CAD g s

dcin ds ay b dad. th annain

iiis in h dic d can b sd dcn

fina dinsins f ing ss. Anaivy, h

a ay wi h fina gy f h ANSYS

dc sing Step ( h na fas) s

dsigns can ca h sd changs wih h

iniia daid d dicy wihin h CAD .

th indcin f ANSYS SacCai Dic md

ang wih ANSYS CFX fid dynaics sfwa s

has had a significan iac n dc dvn

a exafa. Dsign i has bn havd n avag.

mv, ianc n hysica sing has bnsignificany dcd, wih h nb f hysica -

ys ving f sva n f a yica jc.

thfid siain a exafa nw divs

and cnncs h CAD dsign aciviy h dc’s

fina dsign. n

To perform flow and optimization analyses, each stove

(residential or commercial, wood or wood-pellet fuel

source) must be decomposed into two flow volumes:

one for the fluid circuit, which circulates air or water tooccupant spaces, and one for the combustion circuit,

which comprises the combustion air intake and outlet.

A plate heat exchanger passes thermal energy from the

hot exhaust stream to the fluid circuit.

Hybrid meshes applied to decomposed flow

volumes using ANSYS Meshing within the

ANSYS Workbench environment

Hot exhaust gas stream

passing through the plate

heat exchanger in the stove

Temperature gradient across the surface

of the plate heat exchanger



Simulation to Reduce Automotive Emissions

paaic dsign iizain f sciv caayic dcin sysshs changs in issin dcin.

By Jayesh Mutyal, Technology Specialist, and Padmesh Mandloi, Senior Technology Specialist, ANSYS, Inc.

ANALySiS TOOLS

tigh dis issins sandads

a bing in ac by gas

hgh h wd. F xa,

h unid Sas envinna

pcin Agncy (epA) ind

dis issins sandads f 2010

ha fc a daaic dcin in

dischags f aica a and

nign xid (Nox ). Cn sa-

f-h-a in-cyind sins hav

fan fa sh f achiving hs

iis. Sciv caayic dcin

(SCr), which ss a caays

cnv Nox nign and wa, is

n xhas afan hdha is bing cnsidd

issins qins.

Sva dsign changs sand

in h way f achiving h f

nia f SCr chngy. th

s ian is nsing ha a

givn SCr sys dsign achivs

h qid v f Nox dcin

v h f aing cyc f a

scific ngin. SCr fanc

nds b vaad v a wid

ang f cndiins, anging faving a 70 h dwn an insa

fway diving gds in s-

and-g affic in h ciy. A cn

b ha vns SCr f

achiving is nia is

h as f nacd

ania, which is cad

ania si. this can

c c w h n x c s s

ania is injcd

whn h is insfficin

caays sfac aa.

ths changs a

b ing addssd by

sia in s f

ANSYS ha can b sd

d h f ids ,

ha, sca and

chica bhavis fSCr cnns and

syss. engins can

s caina fid

dynaics (CFD) ch-

ngy ndsand h

ixing f a wih xhas

gass, is vaain

and dcsiin, h

n s i n g c h i c a

acins, and h san

ha bhavi f xhas gass

and chanica cnns. tha can ay fini n anaysis

(FeA) chngy d h

sca bhavi f cnns

nd sss and vibains.

On-Highway European and U.S. EPA StandardsSoce: u.S. EPA an Eopean unon esson stanas

Simulation of total deformation in the exhaust system (left), von Mises stresses plotted

on the surface of the exhaust manifold (center), and first-frequency modes (right)

Caayic cnvsin ccs a

high as yicay abv500 k. ths as a

aid xhas afan

cnns. Changing ngin-ad

cndiins ad fcaing xhas

gas as ha, in n,

dc high ha ssss and

h nia f ha faig in

xhas cnns. Fid–sc

inacin (FSI) chngy has bn

sd ay h wa as

cacad by h CFD siain as

an in FeA, which dics hsss and dfain f h SCr

sc. th CFD and FeA svs

a in h sa ANSYS Wbnch

nvinn nd n af,

awing sass daa xchang.

U.S. EPA Standards for HD Diesel Engines

EPA 1994

EPA 2007

EPA 2010

Euro 6

Euro 5

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12

European Emission Standards for HD Engines

EPA 1998

EPA 2004

Particulate [g/HP-hr]

Euro 4

Euro 3

Euro 2

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Particulate [g/Kw-hr]

N O x

[ g / K w - h r ]

N O x

[ g / H P - h r ]

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0



ANALySiS TOOLS

Daid d-Nox acins a

dd dic Nox cnvsin

ais. th ss f h siain

can b snd as gahica iags

and aniains ha nab ngins

gain a ch b ndsanding

f h sd dsign han cd

v b achivd wih hysica sing,

sinc h badh and qaniy f

infain is ch ga. F

xa, h fid dynaics siain

dics nifiy f fw, ania

and iscynic acid a h caays ny.Siain gnas aniains ha

h fw f aics hgh h

SCr sys. ths, h ngining

a is ab asiy s dad zns

and gain an ndsanding f h

gica fas ha cas h.

tyicay, an igina SCr d

is basd n an xising y,

and ss a hn cad

hysica sing chc accacy.

onc h d has bn vaidad,

a s can qicy vaa hfanc f a ag nb f

dsign vaiains f iizain

s s . B i d i c i n a CAD

cnnciviy, aad shing, a

jc-v da chanis,

vasiv aa anagn and

ingad iizain s div

ga dciviy bnfis in anayzing

i dsign vaiains. F wihin

h ANSYS Wbnch jc

windw, a sis f dsign ins can

b asiy bi in a aba fand aaica y xcd

c i wha-if sdis f

anaiv dsign ssibiiis. F

xa, a s can sdy h ffc

f injcin aas, sch as h

sa f injcin injc inain

v a ang f vas.

th ANSYS DsignX

vids h abiiy f dsign

f xin (Doe) via sns

sfac hds (rSms) div h

dsign css. Doe/rSm can b

sd dv xins ha

xain any ffcs siansy

wih aivy fw siain ns.

th ngin can ia a gbay

iizd dsign wih a fa high v

f cainy — and in ch ss ihan wih h adiina aach.

ANSYS vids a ady-ad

cs iiy ha can b sd

daaicay dc h an f

i qid s h si-

ain: th s ns a s

f h ndd infain sing

a sing scn. onc h SCrsys’s gy is id

in h siain nvinn,

i as ny fiv 10 ins

vid h infain ncssay

f h anaysis. Anh

Aftertreatment custom utility

SCR simulation on a parametric mixer model

Ammonia mass fraction at the catalyst inlet, NH3 uniformity

and pressure drop as simulated for mixer design variations

th abiiy accay d

h fanc f SCr dsign

cncs wih having bid

a y as i ssib

vaa any dsigns in

h sa i fa. Siain

vids vn dsign daa han

hysica sing, s i can s in

sbsaniay ivd fanc.

lw cs and sh ad is

f siain vid fas i

a and dcd dvn

css. n

advanag f his si-aaic

css is ha i vids a

cnsisn css fw ha

hs vn isas.

onc hs ins a nd,

h sfwa ds h fw

gin saing sa f ha ds and gssing

h f h caays.

miscis anaysis accns

f ach cnsi n f h

xhas sa.

Aftertreatment Utility



Figure 1. Combined functional model and acoustical

model control a 3-D biomechanical model of tongue

and oral cavity (top); element subsets generate forces

to move the tongue and mandible (bottom).

Virtual Speechrsachs s via s d and siah han vca ac and aiway.

By Sidney Fels, Professor, Human Communication Technologies Lab,

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada

ACAdEmiC

Structural Dynamics

t accish h bjciv, h uBC a gnad

a 3-D bichanica d f h ng and a caviy

cnd by a fncina d gnaing sc

fcs cd wih an acsic d. F xa, h

diaga in Fig 1 shws hw h ng scs w

whn ing Fnch vws. engins dd h

ng sing ANSYS SolID185 hxahda ns wih

h hyasic is f h fiv-aa mny–

rivin d. th scs, snd by scific

sbss f ns, gna fcs df and v

h ng and andib.

C-gnad ds cnsisny h sach

gs ndsand, diagns and a disds f

han a and aiway anay — sch as swawing

disds d s, chwing disds af canc

sgy, bsciv s ana (oSA), and vais

sch ahgis.

th dynaic ds f hs anaica cnns

f bidica aicains a vaab sach s,

b hy a fn diffic cnsc. thy qi

nsay high fidiy and sab siains f cx,

hybid ds. th cx hysics incds cd

igid bdis, fini n hd (Fem) and fid si-

ains, a in a fas, inaciv siain nvinn. In

addiin, h ds s b ad avaiab in ds

ha aw gs f sachs caba ncx jcs.

Fanc’s Gnb Iags pa Signa Aaiq

ab (GIpSA-ab) and tchniqs d ’ngénii médica

d a Cxié (tImC-ImAG) abay hav sd

ANSYS siain sfwa sccssfy f as

10 yas sdy sch dcin chaniss and

c-aidd sgy. ths abs jiny dvd

fini n ds f h han ng, jaw and fac.

thi ds a sd sdy sch gs cns

and h cnsqncs f axifacia sgis n facia

iics and sch dcin. m cny, h

univsiy f Biish Cbia (uBC) in Canada xnddand ind h ds in is wn bichanica

siain , AiSynh, which was dvd a uBC’s

Han Cnicain tchngis (HCt) ab f han

anay sdis.

uBC has bn sing a cbinain f ANSYS

Acadic rsach siain sfwa and AiSynh

sh h iis f nwdg ab han a and aiway

anay dynaics (h a, haynga and aynga

[opAl] cx) in bidica and sch aicains.

on jc ds h opAl cx f sch and

c-aidd sgy and can vid a “gd-

sandad” s ca wih AiSynh, h hanbichanics siain ngin; a scnd sias ai-

fw hgh h opAl caviy — scificay, a-acsic

siain f bs (“a”) and ficaiv (“sh”) snds.

Tongue

Mandible

Hyoid Bone



ACAdEmiC

th GIpSA and tImC-ImAG abs dvd a 3-D

bichanica d f h han fac and fcsd n

i dfains, sinc his aica has a aj

infnc n h acsic signa gnad by aifw

cing f h ngs. using cd gahy (Ct)

daa, h a anay cnscd a 3-D fini n

sh, cnsising f h ays f f and dgnad

ANSYS SolID185 hxahda ns. A hyasic

mny–rivin cnsiiv aw accns f h nnina

bhavi f facia iss, and scs fibs a -

snd by ic-wis niaxia nsi ns.th jc siad a ag nb f facia

vns and facia iics ha dv ding sch,

sch as is ha f a nd sha wih a sin,

which is qid a h snd “” (Fig 2).

th GIpSA and tImC-ImAG abs cdinad hi

ffs wih h ding w fd a uBC’s HCt

ab. th ab cbind h fac, jaw, hyid and ng

in a igid-bdy/Fem faw ha vidd fas

f hs scs. th fas incdd cisin

dcin and handing, a ighy cd Fem/igid bdy

sv, vais Fem ys, sc ds, ich gahica

s infacs and inaciv siain as f singwha-if scnais.

ta bs wd csy wih h ss f

ANSYS sfwa and w ab cnfi ha h in-

aciv siains sing AiSynh a cnsisn wih h

gd sandad ha ANSYS siain sfwa vids.

effcivy, sss and sain cd by AiSynh

cad favaby wih hs f h gd sandad

vidd by ANSYS. th ab nw has a ha can b

sd f cinica sachs invsiga h dynaics

f h opAl cx — incding chwing, swawing

and sch dcin.

Fluid Dynamics

uBC sciniss as sdid h fid dynaics f h

aifw, which is ccia f sch and ays a in

oSA. In sdying sch dcin, h bjciv is

ndsand h cx acins ha dc

sch. Sch vns and acsic signas a

infncd by cnicaiv ingisic gas, ca

cnsains and hysica is f h sch-

dcing aaas. t an hw hs diffn facs

cbin and inac wih ach h, sachs nd

an fficin aach ha gnas aisic hysica

ds f h sch-dcing sys. In iinay

sach, uBC sd ANSYS FlueNt sfwa sia

h ai fw f w sch ancs.

th fis anc was a ficaiv cnsnan, a snd

ha is dcd by bnc yicay d a chan-nd fw f ai siing h h (“sh” in shw). A c-

ssib fw was siad s h acsic (ss)

wavs cd b dicy asd, and ag ddy si-

ain (leS) was sd d h bnc. A bff

zn and h vnd h wavs f fcing

bac in h dain. Ahgh h sca cacad

f h siain ss did n ag wih xins

n a nb f sca fas, hy a ising

bcas h aids and nds f h sca d

ag. F xa, bsv h acsic wavs scaing

f h aiway’s id-sagia scin (Fig 4). th s

sf asn was a dic sin f hacsic wavs by asing ss.

Figure 2. Manually designed 3-D finite element mesh consists of three layers of full and degenerated ANSYS SOLID185 hexahedral elements (left);

round-shaped lips with a protrusion make the sound “ou” (right).

Figure 3. Models of the face, jaw, hyoid and tongue are combined

in anatomical modeling framework.



Figure 5. Simulations show good correlation with microphone

experiments and high-speed videos from actual speech.

Figure 4. Acoustic waves escape from the mid-sagittal section of airway.

Figure 6. Comparison between high-speed video and

particle front simulation

Figure 7. Microphone experiments correlate well with

pressure front simulations.

ACAdEmiC

H e

i g h t ( c m

)

Width (cm)

Time (ms)

D i s t a n c e

( c m

)

40

30

20

10

0

0 50 100 150

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

8

4

0

-4

-8

D i s t a n c e

( c m

)

Time (ms)

0 50 100 150

rsachs as siad a biabia siv (“a” in

a), which dvs whn h is aidy n

as a ss s f h h. th nsing

bs f bn ai is f ins bcas i dcs a

ngaiv ichn , and i has a siiv infnc

n sch cin. th a dd h h as a

wid va, sing leS sia h anc as a bs

f ss f h h.

th siains agd w wih xins

(Fig 5), dnsaing ha a fid–sc inacin

siain invving i in wd b ndd ca-

fh cxiis f h ai fw. evidnc f his

cs cain is shwn (Fig 6) bwn h high-sd vid and aic fn siain, and bwn

ichn xins and ss fn siain

(Fig 7).

ANSYS chngis hav bn a vaab in

uBC’s invsigains f a, haynga and aynga

anay. uBC cnins s hs s b

ndsand h gins f ins and h ca

a aid cinica sach nn-xs

asiy accss ding ss. nThe author acknowledges other researchers

who contributed to this article:

University of British Columbia, CanadaPeter Anderson, HCT-lab, Department of Mechanical EngineeringSheldon Green, Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohn Lloyd, HCT-lab, Department of Mechanical EngineeringIan Stavness, HCT-lab, Department of Electrical and

Computer Engineering

Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), France Yohan Payan, TIMC-IMAGMohammad Nazari, GIPSA-labPascal Perrier, GIPSA-labFlorian Vogt, GIPSA-lab

For more informationUniversity of British Columbia: http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~hct/researchGISPA-lab: http://www.gipsa-lab.inpg.frTIMC-IMAG: http://www.timc.imag.fr ArtiSynth: http://www.artisynth.org

ReferencesStavness, I.; Lloyd, J.; Payan, Y.; Fels, S. Coupled Hard–Soft TissueSimulation with Contact and Constraints Applied to Jaw–Tongue–HyoidDynamics. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering , 2011, vol. 27, pp. 367–390.

Derrick, D.; Anderson, P.; Gick, B.; Green, S. Characteristics of Air PuffsProduced in English “Pa:” Experiments and Simulations. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , 2009, vol. 125, pp. 2272–2281.

normal puff

normal simulation

mic experiment

pressure front

40

30

20

10

0



TiPS ANd TriCkS

Understanding Actuatorsmihysics sys siain vids insighin h ains f acas.

By Mark Solveson, Application Engineer, ANSYS, Inc.

Three-dimensional and axis-symmetric view of typical electromagnetic

actuator, with frame, pole piece, coil and armature defined

Frame

Pole

Coil

Armature

ecagnic acas, snids, a dvics ha

a by dcing agnic fids v an aa

a dsid disanc a a dsid fc. thy a sd in

aicains sch as f injcs, w disibin —ins and bas, f xa — and vais

aiv, hydaic and indsia aicains.

A yica cagnic aca cnsiss f a i-

n ci cnfigd and a fs and a vab

aa. Addiina fs as, sch as a fa,

vid a n ah f h agnic fx. Whn h

aca is cnncd a vag sc, cn fws

hgh h ci and cas agnic fx in h dvic,

and, as a s, agnic fc is dcd ha vs

h aa f n csd siin. oh aca

cnfigains ay incd ann agns assisin fx dcin h hd h aa in ac

whi vag is swichd ff in h ci. Vic ci

acas s ann agns dc a agnic

fx ha iings h ci cn and, hs, dcs

a lnz fc n h ci. ths

dvics ay b 2-D 3-D in na

and can incd aina in

nncyindica ain (c

in).

th fs a ia f h

aa, and fa is dd

wih nnina BH cvs ca

ian saain ffcs ha can ii fanc.

th siz and sha f h aa and aing affc

h fc fi n h aa and/ h csing i.

Addiinay, h dsign f h ci dins cica

sisanc and sngy affcs ci indcanc, sinc h

indcanc is qa h sqa f h nb f ci

ns iid by h a agnic canc f

nnina fs bjcs and ai gas. th ai f h

sisanc dividd by h indcanc (l/r) is h cica

Magnetic flux density shown during a

transient simulation after 0.001 seconds.

Figure shows detail of magnetic diffusion

due to eddy currents. As time progresses,

the fields diffuse through the thickness of the

device, the force increases, and the armature

closes once the magnetic force overcomes

spring and load forces.Parametric sweep of a current transient versus coil turns and voltage are distributed over several

CPUs to reduce total simulation time.

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

C u r r e n

t ( W i n d i n g

1 ) [ A ]

Current vs. Voltage, Turns, Time

0 20 40 60 80 100Time [ms]

Curve Info

BatteryVoltage='175V' Turns ='3000'








TiPS ANd TriCkS

Created using the circuit editor within Maxwell, a transient simulation

with a chopped current controller shows transient waveforms of position,

coil current and coil voltage.

Robust system simulation in Simplorer shows a drive circuit coupled to the Maxwell FEA model through a coupled transient link. Mechanical pins are

connected to define mass, forces, springs and limit stops. Plots show coil current and voltage along with armature position and force versus time.

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0

1.00

0.75

0.50

.025

0.00

400

300

200

100

00 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Time [ms]

Armature Position, Coil Current, Voltage

A r m a

t u r e

P o s

i t i o n

[ m m

]

C o

i l V o

l t a g e

[ V ]

C o

i l C u r r e n

t [ A ]

Curve Info

Coil Voltage

Armature Position

Coil Current

Zener VCurrentDiode

CoilVoltage

Coil VCoilCurrent

Winding

CoilResistance

SourceVoltage SourceCurrent_Probe

TurnOnSwitch

HystControlSwitch HystEngageSwitch

i cnsan; i dins hw fas cn can is in

h ci. Cnsiding his is i f cn d h

cica i cnsan, h agnic diffsin i (hwfas h agnic fx bids in h dvic d ddy

cns) can as affc aca fanc. Ding a

fas is in cn, h agnic fx is cwdd na h

inn sfac f h aca bf diffsing hgh h

dvic, hs daying h bid f fc n h aa.

Siiay, agnic ffsin ccs whn h vag is

swichd ff and agnic fx dissias f h

dvic, which can day h ning f h aa.

tw- and h-dinsina agnic anayss can

b fd sing h saic ansin svs in

maxw cagnic fid siain sfwa. ofn,h ci dsign (sha fac, nb f ns and wi

siz) and gy iizain can b dn in a sis f

saic siains in which h cn and siin a

vaid dc a faiy f cvs sning aa

fc vss siin and cn. Sinc maxw ss

aaic adaiv shing f ach f hs vaiains,

i is vy asy f aaic sws

iizains n hs vaiabs. Bynd h saic

siain aach, f cica and chanica

ansins sing h maxw ansin sv can b

cnsidd din hw fas h aa achs

h csd siin. A bs siain f his y can

b cd sing an abiaiy dfind vag sc

( aachd cici sing h maxw cici di),

nnina aias, and chanica qains f in

(incding daing and ad fcs, which can b

fncins f siin, sd i), in which ddy

cns and agnic diffsin a cnsidd. paaic

sws, dsign f xins, iizain f saic

ansin cass can b aaicay disibd n a

cs f cs Cpus dc a sin i.

If a daid cnic cici is qid, hn

Si ay b sd csia wih maxw.

Si sfwa is a i-dain cici and sys

siain ha ds cicis, bc diagas, sa

achins and VHDl-AmS cnns. I as dynaicay

cs sva h siain s f ANSYS.



Windows®. Life without Walls™.HP recommends Windows 7.

© 2010 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The Intel Logo, Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporationin the U.S. and/or other countries. Microsoft and Windows are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

with theHP Z800 Workstation

Powering

Visit www.hp.com/go/ansys for more information

with Intel® Xeon® processor

ANSYS Workbench enables

mapping of the losses

from a magnetic simulation

to a static and/or transient

thermal simulation.

TiPS ANd TriCkS

Anaivy, Si sfwa can s an qivan

cici gnad f a aaic sw f siin

and ci cn (in which ddy ffcs a ignd).Daid sicndc ds and csd- cn

syss can b sd wih a daid 2-D 3-D aca

d ha can b cnncd a chanica/hydaic

ad sing h avaiab idain cnns

in Si.

onc h i dain ci and c sss a

dind in h cagnic ds, hy can b

ad ANSYS mchanica sfwa ANSYS CFD

(fid dynaics) dcs f ha anaysis wihin h

ANSYS Wbnch nvinn. th i-avagd

sss a saiay ad h ha ds, inwhich ha ansf cfficins a assignd svd

xiciy sing ANSYS CFD. th sady-sa

a f h aca is vaad ang wih

ansin ha fanc and ha cycing.

ANSYS vids a chnsiv anaysis

aach f cagnic acas. Whh h

aicain is saic, ansin, ha sys

anaysis, h is an ingad s avaiab

cv any v f anaysis. n



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275 tchngy Div

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