Ex.No.1

Date:

1. STUDY OF ANSYSAim: To study the ANSYS package.

1.0. IntroductionThe ANSYS program has many finite element analysis capabilities, ranging from a simple, linear, static analysis to a complex, non linear, transient dynamic analysis. The analysis guide manuals in the ANSYS documentation set describe specific procedures for performing analyses for different engineering disciplines.

ANSYS is a good pre-processing, solution and post-processing tool for finite element modeling. The ANSYS program is organized into two levels. The initial entry level is the BEGIN level. From this level we can access the desired processors as shown

below. The ANSYS graphical user interface (GUI) is split into four main areas. The graphics area, the utility menu, the main menu and the ANSYS toolbar. Highlighted in the figure below is the standard layout of the GUI. The different windows that make-up the GUI can be moved around the screen at the users discretion.

2.0. The Graphics AreaThe Graphics area is the window in which the entities are displayed. The window can be split into smaller windows. Within these windows entities can be animated, rotated, selected, deleted and so on.

3.0. The Utility Menu

This menu contains controls for opening and saving files, selecting entities, producing plots etc. By clicking on any of the 10 options pop-up menus under each option appear.

The ten options are:

File: File opening, clearing a database, saving, importing and exporting files

Select: Selecting entities and components

List: Lists entities and components

Plot: Plots entities and components, multiple plots, array parameters and material data

PlotControls: Hardcopy, component numbering, annotation, animation and plot style

WorkPlane: Working plane creation and manipulation, coordinate system creation and manipulation

Parameters: Array parameters, scalar parameters and parameter edit

Macros: Macro creation for data manipulation

MenuCtrls: Controls the format of the GUI

Help: Online help and documentation

4.0. The ANSYS InputThis window shows program prompt messages and allows you to type in commands. All previously typed commands also appear in this window.

5.0. The ANSYS ToolbarThe ANSYS toolbar menu has options for saving and resuming models, power graphics and web-interfacing.

6.0. The Main Menu

The main menu consists of nine options. Each menu topic brings up a submenu (Indicated by a > after the topic) or performs an action. The symbol on the right-hand of the topic indicates the action.

These are.Preferences: This sets model preferences, such as thermal, structural or modal analysis

Preprocessor: Enters the preprocessing sub-menu

Solution: Enters the solution sub-menu

General Postproc: Enters the general postprocessor

TimeHist Postproc: Enters the time history postprocessor

Design Opt: Enters the Design Optimization routines

Radiation Matrix: Sets options for radiation thermal analysis

Run-Time Stats: Gives run-time statistics

7.0. ANSYS Menu StructureFrom each of the menu bars, further menus appear. These menus can lead to further pop-up menus, sub-menus, data entry fields and toggles.All menus are similar to the main menu in colour and in operation. Each menu acts like a tree to further menus all of which stay displayed until unselected.

7.1. Sub-menusFrom the main menu a sub-menu will look like the one shown below.

The preprocessor menu is extremely important. Most of the work in creating a model is done from this menu.

From the utility menu a sub-menu will look like the one shown below.

7.2. Pop-up MenuA pop-up menu will typically look like the one shown below. Note that the menu is split into several areas.

At the top of the menu is the pick or un-pick option. With this we can either select or un-select entities using the mouse buttons. The next field tells us the location of the item and number of items we are picking. Below this area is the data entry area. At

the bottom of the pop-up menu is a set of buttons for applying the required command.

These buttons are common to Ansys pop-up windows and function as follows:

OK This applies the command and closes the window

Apply This applies the command and leaves the window open

Reset Resets the picked or un-picked options

Cancel Cancels the command and closes the window

Help Produces online help

7.2. Data Entry Field

A data entry field will typically look like the one shown below.

Data such as YoungsndPoissonsModulusratio can be en required field.

7.3. Toggle

Toggle boxes allow certain options to be set without actually typing anything. They are typically used when ANSYS want the user to choose between one option and

another. In the toggle box shown above we are choosing to import a CAD file using the default option and also choosing to combine (merge) coincident key points thus enabling us to create a areas and volumes. 7.4. Exiting AnsysWe can leave Ansys by clicking on file from the utility menu and then exit at the bottom of the following menu

This action brings up the following toggle menu.

This menu gives the user four options for saving and exiting the model.

8.0. Ansys File TypesAs can be expected with a powerful Finite Element tool such as Ansys various different files are created during the different phases of model creation.

Most files can be created from the file sub-menu from under the utility menu.Importing FilesFiles can be imported from different CAD programs. Using the File option from the utility menu.

Brings up the sub-menu.

By clicking on Import a further sub-menu gives us our file options. Typically this

might be an IGES file. Finally a toggle-box will appear offering several options.

9.0. Saving FilesWe can save files in Ansys using the File sub-menu as described earlier. The file will automatically save as file.db (the default jobname). This is known as the database. A back-up of your database has the file extension dbb. The original database is always copied to a dbb file when a save command is executed.

To read a database into Ansys use the resume command from File sub-menu.

Exporting FilesIGES files can be exported from the File sub-menu using the export option.

Solution FilesDuring an analysis Ansys creates various files for storing data. These are.

File.emat element matrix files on previous iteration

File.esav element matrix files on most recent iteration

File.tri triangularised matrix files

File.err file listing all error messages generated during modelling

File.log log file of all commands issued

File.page scratch files for virtual space

The esav, emat and tri files are automatically deleted after leaving Ansys once a job has been solved. This feature is unique to Sheffield University. There are several other files created for different applications, which will not be dealt with in these notes.

Results FilesFor a standard structural analysis the results file has the extension .rst. Hence a default result file is file.rstAll Ansys files can be copied renamed and saved in the appropriate operating system.

10.0. Entity Selection MethodsAnsys has an extremely powerful select logic. This select logic is available from the File utility menu under select. It is tremendously useful to understand how this works.

The select sub-menu is shown below.

Entities that you can select are nodes, elements, keypoints lines, areas and volumes.The default option is nodes.

The sub-menu is divided into three areas. The top portion allows us to toggle onto which entities that we wish to select. The second toggle box in this portion allows us

to choose how we would like to select the entities. There are many different ways in which we can do this. Several examples are shown in the following sub-menus.

Using this sub-menu we can select lines by their global position in the current coordinate system. A very useful technique is to be able to select things attached to entities we have already selected. So for instance we can select lines attached to areas, keypoints attached lines and so on. In the sub-menu shown we are selecting areas attached to the lines that we have already selected.

The second portion of the sub-menu offers four options on what we select our entities from. These four are.

From Full selects entities from all entities that exist

Reselect select entities from those already selected

Also Sele add to the entities already selected

Unselect unselect entities already selected

Also in this portion of the sub-menu are buttons so that we can select everything,

invert our current selection and select none of the entities chosen. The bottom portion of the panel is our standard Ansys area for executing our desired commands.

11.0. Ansys Model Viewing and HardcopyThe ANSYS program allows you to pan, zoom and rotate your model. There is a special sub-menu from the utility menu for doing this under Plot Controls.

Note that this sub-menu has options for various graphics options. Through this menu we can change the style of our graphics plot, the colours used, the number of windows and so on. From this window we are also able to produce hardcopy. Clicking on hardcopy will bring up the following sub-menu. By choosing graphics window only,

color and print file, the graphics window output will be printed on a colour print.

After clicking on pan, zoom rotate the following sub-menu appears.

This menu is extremely useful for manipulating the model within the graphics window. The top

portion of the menu contains button for selecting standard user views such as isometric or oblique.Below these standard view are options for zooming in or out of portions of the model. The next portion of the menu translates or rotates the model. The bottom portion of the menu allows dynamic manipulation of the model.

12.0. Modeling in AnsysThere are five main phases of the Ansys modelling process.

Geometry creation and editing

Element creation and editing

Load and boundary condition application

Solving of analysis

Results scrutiny and post-processing.

The main menu bar allows access to the functionality needed for these tasks.

13.0. Introduction to some sub-menusThe pre-processor sub-menu is shown below. From only a small number of submenus below this, a model can be created, meshed and loaded.

Real Constant real constants are element dependant properties.

Material Properties this sets the material properties suc Modulus and Poissons ratio

Using the create sub-menu we can produced our geometry from pre-defined shapes called primitives. These shapes can be circles, rectangles, blocks and several other shapes outlined in the menu.

The create rectangle sub-menu offers several options for producing a rectangle and is shown

below.

If we use the by-dimensions option then the following data entry box appears.

14.0. MeshingThe second phase of our modelling process is the element creation. From the preprocessor menu we can see that one of the sub-sections is labelled Meshing. By clicking on mesh, the following sub-menu appears.

This menu allows us to free or map mesh areas or volumes. Free meshing means the surface will be meshed with quadrilateral and triangular elements. Mapped meshing means the surface will be onlymeshed with quadrilateral elements. Only certain geometrys can be map meshed.

Within the Meshing area of the pre-processor menu are options for element sizecontrol and other meshing functions. In Ansys all these option are combined in a submenu called the

Mesh tool. This menu is shown below.

From this menu element size can be set, the mesh can be refined and so on. Loading and boundary conditions We can apply loads and constraints (and delete them) either from the preprocessor or the solution processor sub-menus.

If we click on apply the following sub-menu appears.

If we choose Force/moment the following sub-menu appears.

We can apply forces on nodes or keypoints. Choosing nodes our standard

pop-up menu appears. After picking the nodes on which we want to apply the force, the following data entry box appears.

By toggling on the Direction of force/mom button we can choose the loading direction of the

force.

We will then be prompted with our standard pop-up menu. The force will be represented as a red

arrow.

Similarly by clicking on apply then Displacement from the solution processor window then following sub-menu appears.

By clicking on nodes our standard pop-menu will appear

After picking the nodes we wish to constrain the following data entry box appears.

Highlighting ALL DOF and making the value of the displacement zero fully constrains the selected nodes.

15.0. Solving of analysisWe enter the solution processor from the main menu as shown below.

We can also apply loads and constraints from the solution processor. To solve an analyses we click on solve current ls.16.0. Results scrutiny and post processingAfter clicking on the main menu General Postprocessor the following sub-menu appears.

If we then click on Nodal solution the following sub-menu appears. Note that we are able to select our desired output firstly by highlighting the item (stress, strain etc) and

then the component (Sx, Sy etc).

Once we have decided on our output by clicking OK (or apply depending on

preference) we should get output as shown below.

Result:Thus the various commands and basic concepts of a ANSYS was studied.

Ex.No.2

Date:

2.1 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM -CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOADAIM:To analysis the deflection and stresses at each nodal points of a cantilever beam with point load at free end using ANSYS software.

P=4000ND=10mmL=100mmPreprocessing:Defining theProblem1. Change jobname:

File -> Change Jobname

Enterbeam, and click on OK.

2. Define element types:

Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete [Apply the BEAM3]

3. Define the real constants for the BEAM3 elements:

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height]

4. Define Material Properties:

Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> -Constant- Isotropic

[Apply suitable value in youngs=2E06N/sqmodulus.andpassion ratio=.27]

5. Create nodes:

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> In Active CS Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> Fill between Nds. Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering. [Minimum 10 nodes]

Preprocessor -> Create -> Elements ->-Auto Numbered-Thru Nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Apply constraints and forces on the model:

To apply constraints:

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Displacement -> On Nodes [We will see the diagram and then apply suitable nodes]

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Force/Moment -> On Nodes [We will see the diagram and then apply suitable nodes]

8. Solve the problem:

Solution -> -Solve- Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results9. Plot the deformed shape:

General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape

10. List reaction forces:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution

11. List nodal displacements:

(a) General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs

12. Define element table items for subsequent plotting and listing of various stress results.

13. List element table results. :

(b) General Postproc -> List Results -> Elem Table Data

1) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Line Elem Res

2) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Elem Table

15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK

RESULT

Ex.No.2

Date:

2.2 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-SIMPLY SUPPORT BEAM WITH DISTRIBUTED LOADSAIM:To analysis the stress and deflection in a Distributed load of 1000 N/m (1 N/mm) will be applied to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Open preprocessor menu

2. Give example a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title .../title, Distributed Loading 3. Create Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS 4. Define Lines

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line 5. Define Element Types

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... [Apply the BEAM3] 6. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add..

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height. 7. Define Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic

8. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...

9. Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All' 10. Plot Elements

Utility Menu > Plot > Elements

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1.Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

2.Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints

Apply Loads

Select Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams

3. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Plot Deformed Shape

General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape

2. Plot Principle stress distribution

As shown previously, we need to use element tables to obtain principle stresses for line elements.

1. Select General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table

RESULTS

Ex.No.2

Date:

2.3 STRESS ANALYSIS OF BEAM-FIXED BEAM WITH VARING LOADAIM:To analysis the stress and deflection in a varying load will be applied to a solid steel beam with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figure below. The cross-section of the beam is 10mm x 10mm while the modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200GPa.

10KNL=100mmsPreprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Change jobname:

File -> Change Jobname

Enterbeam, and click on OK.

2. Define element types:

Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete [Apply the BEAM3]

3. Define the real constants for the BEAM3 elements:

Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add

[Calculate and Apply suitable value in Area, Izz and Height]

4. Define Material Properties:

Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> -Constant- Isotropic

[Applysuitable value in youngs modulus an

COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB27

5. Create nodes:

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> In Active CS

Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Nodes -> Fill between Nds.

Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering.

Preprocessor -> Create -> Elements ->-Auto Numbered-Thru Nodes

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving2. Apply constraints and forces on the model:

To apply constraints:

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Displacement -> On Nodes [We will see the diagram and then apply suitable nodes]

Solution -> -Loads- Apply -> -Structural- Force/Moment -> On Nodes [We will see the diagram and then apply suitable nodes]

8. Solve the problem:

Solution -> -Solve- Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results9. Plot the deformed shape:

General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape

10. List reaction forces:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution

11. List nodal displacements:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs

12. Define element table items for subsequent plotting and listing of various stress results.

COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB28

13. List element table results. :

(c) General Postproc -> List Results -> Elem Table Data

1) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Line Elem Res

2) General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Elem Table

15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OKRESULT

Ex.No.3

Date:

3. STRESS ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH CIRCULAR HOLEAIMTo analysis the given problem to be modeled in this example is a simple bracket shown in the following fig. This bracket is to be built from a 20mm thick steel plate is shown below this plate will be fixed at the two small holes on the left and have a load applied to the larger hole on the right

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Give the Simplified Version a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title 2. Create the main rectangular shape

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners

This will create a rectangle where the bottom left corner has the coordinates 0, 0, 0 and the top right corner has the coordinates 200, 100, 0.

3. Create the circle

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle

This will create a circle where the center has the coordinates 100,50,0 (the center of the rectangle) and the radius of the circle is 20 mm.

4. Subtraction

Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas. 5. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor Menu > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete [Add the element: PLANE82]

6. Define Geometric Properties

Preprocessor menu > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete [Enter a thickness of 20mm] 7. Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic

We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when prompted:

COMPUTER AIDED SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS LAB30

EX200000

PRXY0.3

8. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Areas > All Areas [Element minimum edge length of 20]

9. Mesh

Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free

10. Saving Your Job

Utility Menu > File > Save as...

Define Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis

2. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines [This location is fixed which means that all DOF's are constrained]

3. Apply Loads

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines [There is a load of 20N/mm distributed]

4. Solving the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Deflection

General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select DOF solution, USUM in the window

2. Stresses

General Postproc > Plot Results > Nodal Solution... Then select Stress, von Mises in the window.

You can list the von Mises stresses to verify the results at certain nodes General Postproc > List Results. Select Stress, Principals SPRINGeneral Postproc > List Results. Select Stress, Principals SPRIN

RESULT

Ex.No.4

Date:

4. STATIC ANALYSIS OF A CORNER BRACKETfixed pin dia 100 hole200

600

400

Thickness=1mmR5

Tappered pressure load from 500 N/sq.mm to 5000 N/sq.mm.200 Material properties: A36 Steel, modYoungslus: 2E06 N/sq.m., Poisson

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Give the Simplified Version a Title Utility Menu > File > Change Title

Step 1: Define rectangles.

Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling> Create>Areas> Rectangle>By Dimensions

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display WorkingPlane

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> WP Settings

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Keypoints

Step 2: Define circle.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle

Step 5: Add areas.

Main Menu> Preprocessor>Modeling> Operate> Booleans>Add> Areas

Step 6: Create line fillet.

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls>NumberingMain Menu>

Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Lines> Line FilletUtility Menu> Plot> Lines

Step 7: Create fillet area.

Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Pan, Zoom, Rotate

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling>Create> Areas> Arbitrary> By Lines

Step 8: Add areas together.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling>Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

Step 9: Create first pin hole.

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle

Step 10: Move working plane and create second pin hole.

Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Global Origin

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid Circle Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane

Utility Menu> Plot> Replot

Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

Step 11: Subtract pin holes from bracket.

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract> Areas

Step 12.Define Materials

Main Menu>PreferencesDefine material properties.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Material Models

Step 13.Define element types and options.

Main Menu> Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete[Add the element: PLANE82] Step 14. Define real constants.

Main Menu>Preprocessor> RealConstants>Add/Edit/Delete

Step 15.Generate Mesh

Main Menu>Preprocessor> Meshing>Mesh Tool

Define Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

Step 1: Apply displacement constraints.

Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural>Displacement> On Lines

Step 2: Apply displacement constraints.

Main Menu> Solution> DefineLoads> Apply> Structural>Displacement> On Lines Utility Menu> Plot Lines

Step 3: Apply pressure load.

Main Menu> Solution> DefineLoads> Apply> Structural>Pressure> On Lines

Step 4: Solve.

Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

Main Menu> Solution>Solve> Current LS

Step 5: Enter the general postprocessor and read in the results.

Main Menu> General Postproc> Read Results> First Set

Step 6: Plot the deformed shape.

Main Menu> GeneralPostproc> Plot Results>Deformed Shape

Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls>Animate> Deformed Shape

Step 7: Plot the von Mises equivalent stres

Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls>Animate> Deformed

Step 8: List reaction solution.

Main Menu> General Postproc>List Results> Reaction Solu

RESULT

Ex.No.5

Date:

5. STRESS ANALYSIS OF AN AXIS -SYMMETRIC COMPONENTAIM:To analysis axis symmetry in the model will be that of a closed tube made from steel. Point loads will be applied at the center of the top and bottom plate to make an analytical verification simple to calculate. A 3/4 cross section view of the tube is shown below. As a warning, point loads will create discontinuities in the model near the point of application. If you chose to use these types of loads in your own modeling, be very careful and be sure to understand the theory of how the FEA package is applying the load and the assumption it is making. In this case, we will only be concerned about the stress distribution far from the point of application, so the discontinuities will have a negligible effect.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem

1.Give example a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title...

2.Open preprocessor menu

ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor

3.Create Areas

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By Dimensions

Following table:

RectangleX1X2Y1Y2

102005

215200100

302095100

4.Add Areas Together

Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Add > Areas

5.Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...

For this problem we will use the PLANE2 [Axisymmetric]

6.Define Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural >Linear >

Elastic > Isotropic

We are going to give the properties of Steel. Enter the following when prompted:

EX200000

PRXY0.3

7.Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas

[An element edge length of 2mm]

8.Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > click 'Pick All'

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1.Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static

2.Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > Symmetry B.C. > On Lines

Pick the two edges on the left, at x=0.

Utility Menu > Select > Entities

[Select Nodes and By Location from the scroll down menus. Click Y coordinates andtype in

50]

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Nodes > Pick All

Constrain the nodes in the y-direction (UY).

3. Utility Menu > Select > Entities

[In the select entities window, click Select All to reselect all nodes.]

4. Apply Loads

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Key points

[Pick the top left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of 100 in the FY direction. Pick the bottom left corner of the area and click OK. Apply a load of -100 in the FY direction.]

5. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Determine the Stress Through the Thickness of the Tube o Utility Menu > Select > Entities... Select Nodes > By Location > Y coordinates and type 45, 55 in the Min, Max box.

o General Postproc > List Results > Nodal Solution > Stress > Components SCOMP 2. Plotting the Elements as Axisymmetric

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Symmetry Expansion > 2-D Axi-symmetric...

RESULT

Ex.No.6

Date:

6.1 Modal Analysis of a Cantilever BeamAIMTo perform the modal analysis of a given cantilever beam using subspace method using ANSYS software

Preprocessing: Defining the ProblemCreate elemental model of a simple cantilever beam with the given material properties

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal> 1. Set options for analysis type:

oSelect: Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options...

oAs shown, select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'

oCheck the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'

o Click 'OK' 2. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key pointsFix Key point 1 (ie all DOFs constrained).

3. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions

oSelect: General Postproc > Results Summary...

The following window will appear

2. View Mode Shapeso Select: General Postproc > Read Results > First Set This selects the results for the first mode shape

o Select General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge' The first mode shape will now appear in the graphics window.

o To view the next mode shape, select General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set. As above choose General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'. o The first four mode shapes should look the window 2. Animate Mode Shapes

o Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls > Animate > Mode Shape oKeep the default setting and click 'OK'

RESULT

Ex.No.6

Date:

6.2 Modal Analysis of a Cantilever BeamAIMTo perform the modal analysis of a given cantilever beam using subspace method using ANSYS software

Preprocessing: Defining the ProblemCreate elemental model of a simple cantilever beam with the given material properties

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Modal> 4. Set options for analysis type:

oSelect: Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options...

oAs shown, select the Subspace method and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to extract'

oCheck the box beside 'Expand mode shapes' and enter 5 in the 'No. of modes to expand'

o Click 'OK' 5. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Key (ie all DOFs constrained).

6. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results3. Verify extracted modes against theoretical predictions

oSelect: General Postproc > Results Summary...

The following window will appear

2. View Mode Shapeso Select: General Postproc > Read Results > First Set This selects the results for the first mode shape

o Select General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge' The first mode shape will now appear in the graphics window.

o To view the next mode shape, select General Postproc > Read Results > Next Set. As above choose General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed shape . Select 'Def + undef edge'. o The first four mode shapes should look the window 4. Animate Mode Shapes

o Select Utility Menu (Menu at the top) > Plot Ctrls > Animate > Mode Shape oKeep the default setting and click 'OK'

RESULT

Ex.No.7

Date:

7. Harmonic Analysis of a Cantilever BeamAIM:To perform the modal analysis of a given cantilever beam using subspace method using ANSYS software

Preprocessing: Defining the ProblemCreate elemental model of a simple cantilever beam with the given material properties

Solution: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis

Type Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Harmonic 2. Set options for analysis type:

oSelect: Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options...

o Select the full solution method the real +imaginary DOF printout format and do not use lumped mass approx. oClick 'OK'

oUse the default setting click OK

o3. Apply Constraints

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On nodes (Constrined all DOFs constrained) 4. Apply Loads

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment> On nodes

o Select the node at X=1(far right) 5. Set the frequency range

o Select Solution>load step Opts>Time/Frequency >Freq an

o Specific frequency range of 0-100 Hz, substeps and stepped b.c

6. Solve the System

o Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Open the Time History Processing Menu

2. Define Variables

o Select TimeHist Postpro >Variable Viewer

o Select add

o We are interested in the nodal solution>DOF solution >Y-component of displacement. Click OK 3. List stored variables

4. Plot UY vs. Frequency

RESULT

Ex.No.8

Date:

8. SIMPLE CONDUCTION EXAMPLEAIM:To analysis in the Simple Conduction Example is constrained as shown in the following figure. Thermal conductivity (k) of the material is 10 W/m*C and the block is assumed to be infinitely long.

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Give example a Title

2. Open preprocessor menu

ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor 3. Create geometry

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1

4. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass Solid, Quad 4Node 55

5. Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10 (Thermal conductivity)

6. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > 0.05

7. Mesh

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State 2. Apply Constraints

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply

Thermal > Temperature > On Nodes

oClick the Box option (shown below) and draw a box around the nodes on the top line.

oFill the window in as shown to constrain the side to a constant temperature of 500

o Using the same method, constrain the remaining 3 sides to a constant value of 100 3. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Results Using ANSYS

Plot Temperature

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, Temperature

RESULT

Ex.No.9

Date:

9. THERMAL - MIXED BOUNDARY EXAMPLE(CONDUCTION/CONVECTION/INSULATED)AIM:To analysis in this tutorial was a simple thermal example. Analysis of a simple conduction as well a mixed conduction/convection/insulation problem will be demonstrated.

The Mixed Convection/Conduction/Insulated Boundary Conditions Example is constrained as shown in the following figure (Note that the section is assumed to be infinitely long):

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem1. Give example a Title

2. Open preprocessor menu

ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor 3. Create geometry

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners > X=0, Y=0, Width=1, Height=1

4. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete... > click 'Add' > Select Thermal Mass Solid, Quad 4Node 55

5. Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic > KXX = 10

6. Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Areas > All Areas > 0.05

7.Mesh

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free > Pick All

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving

1.Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Steady-State

2. Apply Conduction Constraints

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Lines 3. Apply Convection Boundary Conditions

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines 4. Apply Insulated Boundary Conditions

o Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines 5. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results1. Results Using ANSYS Plot Temperature

General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu ... > DOF solution, Temperature

RESULT

Ex.No.10

Date:

10. COUPLED STRUCTURAL/THERMAL ANALYSISAIM:To perform the coupled thermal/structural analysis of a given link using ANASYS software

PROBLEM DISCRETIONThis tutorial was completed using ANSYS 9.0 The purpose of this tutorial is to outline a simple coupled thermal/structural analysis. A steel link, with no internal stresses, is pinned between two solid structures at a reference temperature of 0 C (273 K). One of the solid structures is heated to a temperature of 75 C (348 K). As heat is transferred from the solid structure into the link, the link will attemp to expand. However, since it is pinned this cannot occur and as such, stress is created in the link. A steady-state solution of the resulting stress will be found to simplify the analysis.

Loads will not be applied to the link, only a temperature change of 75 degrees Celsius. The link is steel with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa, a thermal conductivity of 60.5 W/m*K and a thermal expansion coefficient of 12e-6 /K.

1. Give example a Title

Utility Menu > File > Change Title ...

/title, Thermal Stress Example

Preprocessing: Defining the Problem2. Open preprocessor menu

ANSYS Main Menu > Preprocessor

3. Define Keypoints

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS...

We are going to define 2 key points for this link as given in the following table:

KeypointCoordinates (x,y,z)1 (0,0)

2 (1,0)

4. Create Lines

Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > In Active Co-ord 5. Define the Type of Element

Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...

For this problem we will use the LINK33 element 6. Define Real Constants

Preprocessor > Real Constants... > Add... AREA: 4e-4 7. Define Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic KXX:

8. Define Mesh Size

Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines...

(Mesh size .1 meter) 9. Mesh the frame

Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Lines > click 'Pick All' 10. Write Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write

In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Thermal and click OK. 11. Clear Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Clear > OK

Structural Environment - Define Physical PropertiesSince the geometry of the problem has already been defined in the previous steps, all that is required is to detail the structural variables.

1. Switch Element Type

Preprocessor > Element Type > Switch Elem Type Choose Thermal to Struc from the scoll down list.

This will switch to the complimentary structural element automatically. In this case it is LINK 8.

2. Define Element Material Properties

Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic

In the window that appears, enter the following geometric properties for steel: Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models > Structural > Thermal Expansion Coef

Isotropic

3. Write Environment

Preprocessor > Physics > Environment > Write

In the window that appears, enter the TITLE Struct

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving1. Define Analysis Type

Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis > Static 2. Read in the Thermal Environment

Solution > Physics > Environment > Read Choose thermal and click OK.

Solution Phase: Assigning Loads and Solving3. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Thermal > Temperature > On Keypoints Set the temperature of Keypoint 1, the left-most point, to 348 Kelvin.

4. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS 5. Close the Solution Menu

Main Menu > Finish

It is very important to click Finish as it closes that environment and allows a new one to be opened without contamination. If this is not done, you will get error messages.The thermal solution has now been obtained. If you plot the steady-state temperature on the link, you will see it is a uniform 348 K, as expected. This information is saved in a file labelled Jobname.rth, were

.rth is the thermal results file. Since the jobname wasn't changed at the beginning of the analysis, this data can be found as file.rth. We will use these results in determing the structural effects.6. Read in the Structural Environment

Solution > Physics > Environment > Read Choose struct and click OK.

7. Apply Constraints

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Keypoints Fix Keypoint 1 for all DOF's and Keypoint 2 in the UX direction.

8. Include Thermal Effects

Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Temperature > From Therm Analy

9.Define Reference Temperature

Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Settings > Reference Temp

For this example set the reference temperature to 273 degrees Kelvin.

10. Solve the System

Solution > Solve > Current LS

Post processing: Viewing the Results

1.Get Stress Data

Since the element is only a line, the stress can't be listed in the normal way. Instead, an

element table must be created first.

General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add

Fill in the window as shown below. [CompStr > By Sequence Num > LS > LS,1

2. List the Stress Data

General Postproc > Element Table > List Elem Table > COMPSTR > OK

RESULT

Ex.No.11

Date:

13. C Bracket Modeling Tutorial using ANSYS WORKBENCHAIM:To create solid modeling of the c bracket

You can open Ansys from within SolidWorks (via Tools Add Ins Ansys 11) or directly:

1. Start Programs Ansys Workbench (which may take about 10 minutes to open) lets you access the Workbench Start window

2. Clicking on Geometry will let you begin sketching and modifying the part:

3. The Design Modeler page opens (top region shown) and the user is required to select the desired units.

Sketching4. On the left of the page select Sketching to open the construction Tree Outline

5. In the Tree Outline select the XYPlane for the initial sketch. It opens as an isometric view. Select the

Look At (or Normal To) icon to get the true shape view

6. On the left of the page the Sketching Toolboxes panel appears with the list of line options

7. From the list pick Line to begin the input of straight lines outlining the bracket shape. Symbols such as

V, and H appear to denote when the line is vertical or horizontal, etc.

8. To require the two end segments to have the same length select Constraints Equal Length and click on the

two end segments.

9. Begin describing the dimensions to be available as parametric design features with

Dimensions General and select the leftmost vertical edge. The parameter V1 appears as a dimension. The letter means that it is a vertical line. The value of the actual dimension will be assigned shortly. Note that there are several choices for dimensions in the Dimensions panel.

10. The inclined segment of the bracket does not appear to have parallel sides as desired. To assure that it does select (on the left of the page) Constraints Parallel and pick the two lines. Note that the

Constraints panel has several common types available for the user.

11. Continue with the remaining length dimensions via Dimensions Horizontal and select the three locations.

12. For the final parameter specify the angle of the inclined leg: Dimensions Angle and pick the inclined line and the bottom line. Sometimes you will want to right click to specify an Alternate Angle choice.

13. At this point the actual parametric dimensions will be input to replace those in the initial sketch. On the left of the page the Details View panel contains the Dimensions subpanel with the default dimension names (V1, L4, etc) and their as sketched initial values. Click on each value to be changed and type in the desired values. The sketch changes shape to reflect the new dimension values.

Extrusion

14. Having completed the crosssectional sketch you are ready to form a solid with an Extrude operation. Note that

icon at the top of the page, along with other construction features like Revolve, Sweep, Loft, etc.

15. Change to an Isometric View (by any of various methods) to be able to see the extrusion normal to the sketch.

16. Pick the Generate icon at the top (this is a frequently used icon) to actually perform the extrusion. A default extrusion length appears in the isometric view.

17. To specify a desired extrusion length use Details View Details of Extrude 1 and click on Depth and type in the actual length (here 20 mm).

Features18. The part is almost complete except for interior fillets and the support bolt hole. To create the bolt hole it is necessary to select one of the two top planes, insert a circle sketch, and cut out the hole. At the page top pick the Select Face icon, and click on the lower surface (the top would have actually been easier).

19. In the Tree Outline right click on Body Create New Plane. A default new plane name will appear in the tree.

20. Use Sketching Sketching Toolboxes Circle and place the circle near the center of the surface.

21. Add the new dimensions with Dimensions Diameter, Dimensions Vertical, Dimensions Horizontal, and provide the desired values via Details View Dimensions for D1, H2, and

V3.

22. To form the cut select the Sketch_name and then Extrude

23. A default extrude length appears. Specify a cut with Details View Operation and right click on AddMaterial and change it to Cut Material. Use Details View Extent Type Through All Generate.

24. For the fillets, pick the Select Edge filter icon and pick the three interior edges.

25. Form and dimension the fillets Create Fixed Radius Blend followed by Details View Details of FBlend to set the radius to 3mm and Apply to see the fillets appear and finish the part.

4