antenatal care(sreelakshmi)
TRANSCRIPT
ANTENATAL CARESreelakshmi. M
ANTENATAL CARE
SREELAKSHMI. M
What is it?
The care of the pregnant woman with the aim of achieving a healthy pregnancy and delivery of a normal baby
Good antenatal care helps a woman to face labour in good health and in optimum condition
Why
•Promote, protect & maintain the health of mother•Detect high-risk cases•Proactive approach to complications•Remove the anxiety and dread associated with pregnancy•Reduce maternal and infant mortality and morbidity rate•Teach mother the elements of child care, nutrition, personal hygiene & environmental sanitation•To attend to the under-fives
Schedule For Antenatal Visits in India
Monthly up to 28 weeksTwo weekly between 28 and 36 weeksWeekly 36 weeks onwards.(This equals about 15 visits)
High-risk cases more frequent
visits
Booking Visit ??First visit that the woman makes to the health
care facility.
Should be as early possible and preferably in the first trimester :
To detect high-risk cases To offer MTP if required
Aims of Booking VisitoGet detailed history & assess if high risk
oEstablish correct gestational age and date pregnancy
oProvide information about what is to expected, the danger signals etc. which she should know of
oPerform baseline investigations likeHB, blood group, Rh typing & urine analysis
Routine Investigations Name First done Repeated Interpretation
1. Hb, PCV Booking Once every trimester
<10 g/dL or < 11 g/dL (WHO) consider as anemia
2. Blood group & Rh typing
Booking --- If Rh –ve, husband’s group & ICT
3. HbsAg, HIV, VDRL
Booking --- If +ve, refer for counselling & PPTCT
4. Urine routine examination
Booking Every visit Pus cells> 5, do a cultureAlb+ or >, consider pre-eclampsia
5. GCT 24-48 weeks --- 130 mg/dL or more, do a GTT
History & Examinatioin
History takingSystemic & obstetric examination
Palpation: symphyseofundal height on
every visit
• Pelvic examination in 1st trimester
Continued..Sometimes other tests in individual cases like:• Testing for hemoglobinopathies• Glycosylated Hb• Maternal serum for screening Down’s syndrome
Immunizations in PregnancyTetanus toxoid – safe& mandatory
1st dose- at booking visit & then 6 weeks later If already takes within last 3 years, booster at 36 weeks
Usually others not given
Safe Only in epidemics
C.I
Tetanus Typhoid Rubella
Hepatits Cholera MMR
Rabies Varicella
BCG
Yellow fever
Medications 1. Folic acid – 5mg during 1st trimester ( if not
begun preconceptionally)
2. Fe & Ca started at 13 wks continued for 3 months after
pregnancyFe- 100mg Ca- 1mg/day
Health Education for the Pregnant womanDiet
need extra 300kcal/day from 2nd trimester onwards Protein Salt Iron Calcium : 1.5 g daily Vit. C, folic acid, Vit. B12 + tablets
Continued.. Weight gain: total of 11 kg. 500 g/wk during 2nd trimester Rest: Activity & Exercise:Clothes :Coitus Smoking & alcohol : abortion, growth restriction, fetal alcohol syndrome restricted
Drugs :Care of breasts: Travel :
Warning signals !!!Bleeding p/v at any time in pregnancyHead ache, blurring vision, epigastric pain &
oliguriaPedal oedema, severe, not subsiding with rest, or
on face & handsDecrease/ loss of fetal movementsAbdominal painUrinary infection with vulvovaginitisClear fluid p/v PROM
Common Symptomatology in pregnancyNausea & vomitingBackache Varicose veinsHemorrhoidsVaginal dischargeAcidity & heart burnConstipation
Antenatal care up to 28 weeks
Woman should seek care every monthWeight, bp & urine checked at each visit
Quickening, anemia, oedema (!!)
Symphyseofundal height
Others: Targeted ultrasound scan for anomalies (18-20 wks)…….
Antenatal care after 28 weeksCrucial period: pre-eclampsia, GDM, growth
disorders
bp, weight, urine routine, Hb
Symphyseofundal height: detect IUGR & macrosomia
She should be made aware…..
Vaginal examination
Ultrasound in Pregnancy..If only single scan, ideally in 2nd trimester to look
for anomalies & dating.Booking scan : 10-14 wks confirm gestational
age assess nuchal
translucency
• 1st trimester scan :• 3rd trimester scan:
Preconceptional / Prepregnancy Councelling1. General advice for all women:• Preconceptional folate• Rubella & Hep B vaccine • Weight reduction in obesity• Cessation of smoking / alcohol• Advice regarding drug intake• Rule out STDs, & HIV counseling • Avoid teratogens
Continued..2. Medical disorders• Preconceptional glycemic control in diabetes• Remission in chronic diseases like SLE &
chronic renal disease• Cardiac surgery prior to pregnancy• Avoiding pregnancy in certain cardiac
diseases• Changing teratogenic drugs as in epilepsy
Continued..3. Recurrent pregnancy loss• Checking for antiphospholipid antibody
syndrome• Correction of uterine septum by
hysteroscopic septal resection
4. Genetic problems• Parental karyotyping• Carrier screening based on ethnicity or family
history• Dietary advice in PKU
Thank You…..