Political Instituti

ons

Social Institutions

Social

Political

Economic Educational

Religious

StateConsist of people, defined

permanent territory, government, and sovereignty

Power and Authority

PoliticsWho gets what, when, and

howHarold Laswell

Powerthe ability to exercise one’s

will over others (Max Weber)

3 Basic Sources of Power

Forcethe actual or threatened

use of coercion to

impose one’s will on others

Influence

the exercise of power through a process of persuasion

Authority

Institutionalized power that is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.

Types of Authority

Traditional AuthorityLegitimate power is conferred by

custom and accepted practiceExample: Monarch attains power

based on hereditary succession

Rational-Legal AuthorityPower made legitimate by lawExample: Philippine President exercise

powers based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Charismatic AuthorityPower made legitimate by a leader’s

exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers.

Example: Jesus, Joan of Arc, Gandhi, Malcolm X, or Martin Luther King Jr, Steve Jobs

Basic Types of Government

Monarchy Form of government headed by a single

member of a royal family, usually a king, queen, or some other hereditary ruler.

It can be absolute monarchy or limited/constitutional monarchy

OligarchyA few individuals rulenow often takes the form of

military rule

DictatorshipOne person has nearly total power to make

and enforce laws.

They seize power rather than being freely elected or inheriting power

TotalitarianismInvolves virtually complete government

control and surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life.

Examples:Hitler’s reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s,

and North Korea today

DemocracyFrom Greek words demos (people) and

kratos (strength) or kratia (rule)government by the people.Two forms:

Direct democracyIndirect/representative/constitutional

democracy

Power Structure

Elite ModelSociety is ruled by a small group

of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests.

Pluralist Modelmany competing groups within

the community have access to government

no single group is dominant.

War and Peace

Views on WarGlobal

view

military conflict

between states

Nation-State view

interaction of internal political,

socioeconomic, and

cultural forces

Micro view

Impact of war to

individuals

Peaceboth as the absence of war and as a

proactive effort to develop cooperative relations among nations

How to deter war or foster peace?international tradeactivity of international charities and

activist groups called nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)Example: Red Cross and Red Crescent, Doctors

Without Borders, Amnesty International

Global Peace Index (2011)

Terrorismthe use or threat of violence against random or

symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims.the end justifies the means. They believe the status quo is oppressive and that

desperate measures are essential to end the suffering of the deprived.

An essential aspect of contemporary terrorism involves use of the media and social media

End