anti global is at ion movement

8/14/2019 Anti Global is at Ion Movement

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Anti-globalization is a term most commonly used to describe the political stance ofpeople and groups who oppose neoliberal policies ofglobalization.

Anti-globalization denotes either a singlesocial movementor anumbrella termthatencompasses a number of separate social movements[citation needed]. In either case,

participants are united in opposition to the political power of large, multi-nationalcorporations, as exercised in trade agreements and elsewhere, which they say damagesdemocracy, the environment, labor rights, national sovereignty, and third world societies.

Most people who are labeled "anti-globalization" reject the term,[1] preferring instead todescribe themselves as the Global Justice Movement, the Anti-Corporate-Globalization Movement, the Movement of Movements (a popular term in Italy), the"Alter-Globalization" movement (popular in France), the "Counter-Globalization"movement, and a number of other terms.

Contents

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1 Ideology and causes within the movemento 1.1 Opposition to international financial institutions and transnational

corporationso 1.2 Anti-globalization as anti-neoliberalismo 1.3 Anti-war developmento 1.4 Appropriateness of the termo 1.5 Influences on the anti-globalization movement

2 Organization 3 Demonstrations and appointments

o 3.1 Madrid94o 3.2 J18o 3.3 Seattle/N30o 3.4 Law enforcement reactiono 3.5 Genoao 3.6 International Social Forums

4 Influence on the developing world 5 Criticisms

o 5.1 Alleged lack of evidence for claimso 5.2 Disorganizationo 5.3 Addressing problems incorrectlyo 5.4 Failure to propose solutions to problemso 5.5 Violence/Destructivenesso 5.6 Motivations

6 References 7 See also

o 7.1 Groups opposed to globalization
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_sovereigntyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-0%23_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Justice_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alter-Globalization&action=edithttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Ideology_and_causes_within_the_movement%23Ideology_and_causes_within_the_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporations%23Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporations%23Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Anti-globalization_as_anti-neoliberalism%23Anti-globalization_as_anti-neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Anti-war_development%23Anti-war_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Appropriateness_of_the_term%23Appropriateness_of_the_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Influences_on_the_anti-globalization_movement%23Influences_on_the_anti-globalization_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Organization%23Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Demonstrations_and_appointments%23Demonstrations_and_appointmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Madrid94%23Madrid94http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#J18%23J18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Seattle.2FN30%23Seattle.2FN30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Law_enforcement_reaction%23Law_enforcement_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Genoa%23Genoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#International_Social_Forums%23International_Social_Forumshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Influence_on_the_developing_world%23Influence_on_the_developing_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Criticisms%23Criticismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Alleged_lack_of_evidence_for_claims%23Alleged_lack_of_evidence_for_claimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Disorganization%23Disorganizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Addressing_problems_incorrectly%23Addressing_problems_incorrectlyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Failure_to_propose_solutions_to_problems%23Failure_to_propose_solutions_to_problemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Violence.2FDestructiveness%23Violence.2FDestructivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Motivations%23Motivationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Groups_opposed_to_globalization%23Groups_opposed_to_globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_sovereigntyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-0%23_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Justice_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alter-Globalization&action=edithttp://toggletoc%28%29/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Ideology_and_causes_within_the_movement%23Ideology_and_causes_within_the_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporations%23Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporations%23Opposition_to_international_financial_institutions_and_transnational_corporationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Anti-globalization_as_anti-neoliberalism%23Anti-globalization_as_anti-neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Anti-war_development%23Anti-war_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Appropriateness_of_the_term%23Appropriateness_of_the_termhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Influences_on_the_anti-globalization_movement%23Influences_on_the_anti-globalization_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Organization%23Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Demonstrations_and_appointments%23Demonstrations_and_appointmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Madrid94%23Madrid94http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#J18%23J18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Seattle.2FN30%23Seattle.2FN30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Law_enforcement_reaction%23Law_enforcement_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Genoa%23Genoahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#International_Social_Forums%23International_Social_Forumshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Influence_on_the_developing_world%23Influence_on_the_developing_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Criticisms%23Criticismshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Alleged_lack_of_evidence_for_claims%23Alleged_lack_of_evidence_for_claimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Disorganization%23Disorganizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Addressing_problems_incorrectly%23Addressing_problems_incorrectlyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Failure_to_propose_solutions_to_problems%23Failure_to_propose_solutions_to_problemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Violence.2FDestructiveness%23Violence.2FDestructivenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Motivations%23Motivationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Groups_opposed_to_globalization%23Groups_opposed_to_globalization


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o 7.2 Opponents of anti-globalization (pro-globalists)o 7.3 Books on anti-globalizationo 7.4 Documentaries on anti-globalizationo 7.5 Pro-globalisation documentarieso 7.6 Related

8 External links

[edit] Ideology and causes within the movement

Supporters point out that by the late twentieth century, those they characterized as "rulingelites" sought to harness the expansion of world markets for their own interests; thiscombination of the Bretton Woods institutions, states, and multinational corporations hasbeen called "globalization" or "globalization from above." In reaction, various socialmovements emerged to challenge their influence; these movements have been called"anti-globalization" or "globalization from below."[2]

Members of the anti-globalization movement generally advocateanarchist, socialist,social democraticorEco-socialistalternatives to neoliberaleconomics, and seek toprotect the world's population andecosystem from what they believe to be the damagingeffects of globalization.[citation needed] Support forhuman rightsNGOs is another cornerstoneof the anti-globalization movement's platform.[citation needed] They advocate forlabor rights,environmentalism, feminism, freedom of migration, preservation of the cultures ofindigenous peoples,biodiversity, cultural diversity,food safety, and ending or reformingcapitalism. Many of the protesters are veterans ofsingle-issue campaigns, including anti-logging activism, living wage,labor union organizing, and anti-sweatshopcampaigns.Although most movement members see most or all of the aforementioned goals ascomplementary to one another, the number of different issues has fueled a leadingcriticism that the movement lacks a consistent, coherent, or realistic cause. [citation needed]

By contrast, certainpaleo-conservativeAmerican opponents of globalization, such asPatrick Buchanan, argue against globalization from a point of view of economicnationalism. Againstoutsourcing, such paleo-conservative opponents of globalizationphrase their opposition in nativist and xenophobic terms. The industrialized world mustprotect itself against the Global South, Buchanan argues, because what he calls the "ThirdWorld" is racked with disease and the peoples there lack aWestern culture. Economicglobalization, therefore, will result in the "Death of the West".[citation needed]

Although adherents of the movement often work together, the movement itself isheterogeneous. It includes diverse and sometimes opposing understandings of theglobalization process, and incorporates alternative visions, strategies and tactics. Many ofthe groups and organizations that are considered part of the movement were not foundedas antiglobalist, but have their roots in various pre-existing social and politicalmovements (with the possible exception ofATTAC). The anti-globalization movementhas its precursors in such movements as the1968 movementin Europe andthe protestagainst theVietnam Warin theUnited States. The anti-globalization movement as it is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opponents_of_anti-globalization_.28pro-globalists.29%23Opponents_of_anti-globalization_.28pro-globalists.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Books_on_anti-globalization%23Books_on_anti-globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Documentaries_on_anti-globalization%23Documentaries_on_anti-globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Pro-globalisation_documentaries%23Pro-globalisation_documentarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Related%23Relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-1%23_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democratichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democratichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-socialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-socialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-issue_campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-issue_campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatshophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatshophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-conservativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-conservativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Buchananhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_the_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_movement&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_movement&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_movement&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Opponents_of_anti-globalization_.28pro-globalists.29%23Opponents_of_anti-globalization_.28pro-globalists.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Books_on_anti-globalization%23Books_on_anti-globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Documentaries_on_anti-globalization%23Documentaries_on_anti-globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Pro-globalisation_documentaries%23Pro-globalisation_documentarieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#Related%23Relatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-1%23_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_democratichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-socialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-issue_campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_wagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatshophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-conservativehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Buchananhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outsourcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_(politics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Southhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_the_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATTAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_movement&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States


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now known stems from the convergence of these different political experiences whentheir members began to demonstrate together at international meetings such as the SeattleWTO meeting of 1999 orGenoa G8 summit in 2001.

[edit] Opposition to international financial institutions and transnational

corporations

Generally speaking, protesters believe that the global financial institutions andagreements undermine local decision-making methods. Many governments and free tradeinstitutions are seen as acting for the good of transnational (or multinational) corporations(e.g. Microsoft, Monsanto, etc.). These corporations are seen as having privileges thatmost human persons do not have: moving freely across borders, extracting desired naturalresources, and utilizing a diversity ofhuman resources. They are perceived to be able tomove on after doing permanent damage to the natural capitalandbiodiversity of a nation,in a manner impossible for that nation's citizens. Activists also claim that corporationsimpose a kind of "global monoculture". Some of the movements' common goals are,

therefore, an end to the legal status of so-called "corporate personhood" and thedissolution or dramatic reform of the World Bank, IMF, and WTO.

The activists are especially opposed to what they view as "globalization abuse" and theinternational institutions that are perceived to promoteneoliberalism without regard toethical standards. Common targets include World Bank(WB),International MonetaryFund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) andthe World Trade Organization (WTO) and "free trade" treaties like theNorth AmericanFree Trade Agreement (NAFTA),Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), theMultilateral Agreement on Investment(MAI) and theGeneral Agreement on Trade inServices (GATS). In light of the economic gap between rich and poor countries,

movement adherents claim free trade will actually result in strengthening the power ofindustrialized nations (often termed the "North" in opposition to the developing world's"South").

A report by Jean Ziegler, UN Special Rapporteur on the right to food, notes that "millionsof farmers are losing their livelihoods in the developing countries, but small farmers inthe northern countries are also suffering" and concludes that "the current inequities of theglobal trading system are being perpetuated rather than resolved under the WTO, giventhe unequal balance of power between member countries." [12]. Activists point to theunequal footing and power between developed and developing nations within the WTOand with respect to global trade, most specifically in relation to the protectionist policies

towards agriculture enacted in many developed countries. These activists also point outthat heavy subsidization of developed nations' agriculture and the aggressive use ofexport subsidies by some developed nations to make their agricultural products moreattractive on the international market are major causes of declines in the agriculturalsectors of many developing nations.

Activists often also oppose business alliances like the World Economic Forum(WEF),the Trans Atlantic Business Dialogue(TABD) and the Asia Pacific Economic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_of_1999_protest_activityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa_Group_of_Eight_Summit_protesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristic_personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateral_Agreement_on_Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateral_Agreement_on_Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_Atlantic_Business_Dialoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_Atlantic_Business_Dialoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Economic_Cooperationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_of_1999_protest_activityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa_Group_of_Eight_Summit_protesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsantohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juristic_personhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateral_Agreement_on_Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_Atlantic_Business_Dialoguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Economic_Cooperation


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Cooperation(APEC), as well as the governments which promote such agreements orinstitutions. Others argue that, if borders are opened to capital, borders should besimilarly opened to allow free and legal circulation and choice of residence for migrantsandrefugees. These activists tend to target organizations such as theInternationalOrganization for Migration and the Schengen Information System.

It is sometimes also argued that the U.S. has a special advantage in the global economybecause ofdollar hegemony. These claims state that dollar dominance is not just aconsequence of U.S. economic superiority. Globalization historians claim that dollardominance has been achieved also by political agreements such as Bretton WoodsSystem and OPEC dollar-only oil trade after the U.S. broke with the gold standard for thedollar.

[edit] Anti-globalization as anti-neoliberalism

Some[citation needed] see the movement as a critical response to the development of

neoliberalism, which is widely seen to have commenced with Margaret Thatcher's andRonald Reagan's policies toward creating laissez-faire capitalism on a global scale bypromoting the liberalization of countries economies and the weakening of trade andbusiness regulations. Neoliberal proponents argue the increase offree tradeand thereduction of the public sector will bring benefits to poor countries and to disadvantagedpeople in rich countries. Most anti-globalization advocates strongly disagree, adding thatneoliberal policies may bring a loss of sovereignty to democratic institutions.

[edit] Anti-war development

By 2002, many parts of the movement showed wide opposition to the impending war in

Iraq. Many participants were among those 11 million or more protesters that on theweekend ofFebruary 15 2003 participated in globalprotests against the imminent Iraqwarand were dubbed the "world'ssecond superpower" by an editorial in theNew YorkTimes[3] . Other anti-war appointments[clarify] were organized by the antiglobalizationmovement as such: see for example the big demonstration against the impending war inIraq that closed the first European Social Forum on November 2002 in Florence, Italy.

Anti-globalization militants worried for the proper functioning of democratic institutionsas the leaders of many democratic countries (Spain, Italy, Polandand The UnitedKingdom) were acting against the wishes of the majorities of their populations insupporting the war.Noam Chomsky asserted that these leaders "showed their contempt

for democracy". Critics of this type of argument have tended to point out that this is just astandard criticism ofrepresentative democracy a democratically elected governmentwill not always act in the direction of greatest current public support and that,therefore, there is no inconsistency in the leaders' positions given that these countries areparliamentary democracies.

The economicand military issues are closely linked in the eyes of many within themovement.
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[edit] Appropriateness of the term

Some participants consider the term "anti-globalization" to be a misnomer, and onewhich has been used to make inaccurate criticisms of the movement. They say the termimpliesprotectionism or even nationalism, although the movement is self-consciously

internationalist, organising globally and advocating for the cause ofoppressedpeoplearound the world. One element that makes up the movement is theNo Border network,which argues for unrestricted migration and the abolition of all national border controls.

Some activists, notably David Graeber, see the movement as opposed instead toneoliberalism or "corporate globalization". He argues that the term "anti-globalization" isa term coined by the media, and that radical activists are actually more in favor ofglobalization, in the sense of "effacement of borders and the free movement of people,possessions and ideas" than are the IMF or WTO. He also notes that activists use theterms "globalization movement" and "anti-globalization movement" interchangeably,indicating the confusion of the terminology.[4] The term "alter-globalization" has been

used to make this distinction clear.

While the term "anti-globalization" arose from the movement's opposition to free-tradeagreements (which have often been considered part of something called "globalization"),various participants contend they are opposed to only certain aspects of globalization andinstead describe themselves, at least in French-speaking organisations, as "anti-capitalist," "anti-plutocracy," or "anti-corporate."Le Monde Diplomatique 's editor,Ignacio Ramonet's, expression of "the one-way thought" (la pense unique) became slangagainst neoliberal policies and the Washington consensus.[5]

Two main approaches to finding a common term for the movement can be distinguished:

one that might be described as "anti-globalist" or "regionalist", and another that embracessome aspects of globalization (like cross-cultural exchange of information or thediminishing role of the nation state) while rejecting others (likeneo-liberal economics).While proponents of both approaches often cooperate and are a reaction to the samephenomena, their differences might be actually greater than the common ground. Theformer approach can be described as outright anti-globalist (usually including what isperceived as "Americanization" of culture), while the latter would be more appropriatelycalled "globalization critics". In practice, however, there is no set boundary between theseapproaches, and the term "anti-globalization" is often indiscriminately applied.

Another concern some activists have about the term "anti-globalization" is that it does not

distinguish their position from a strictly nationalist opposition to globalization. Manynationalist movements, such as the FrenchNational Front, are also opposed toglobalization, but argue that the alternative to globalization is a protection of the nation-state, sometimes, according to critics, in explicitly racist orfascist terms. Some fascistgroups influenced by the Third Position have attempted to tailor their message to appealto the anti-globalization movement. However, the far-right is overwhelmingly rejected bythe anti-globalization movement, with groups such as Peoples Global Action explicitly
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rejecting racism, and many within the movement also active in anti-fascist groups such asANTIFA.

[edit] Influences on the anti-globalization movement

Several influential critical works have inspired the anti-globalization movement.NoLogo, the book by the Canadian journalistNaomi Klein who criticized the productionpractices of multinational corporations and the omnipresence of brand-driven marketinginpopular culture, has become a "manifesto"[citation needed] of the movement, presenting in asimple way themes more accurately developed in other works. In India some[citation needed]

intellectual references of the movement can be found in the works ofVandana Shiva, anecologist and feminist, who in her bookBiopiracy documents the way that the naturalcapital ofindigenous peoplesand ecoregions is converted into forms ofintellectualcapital, which are then recognized as exclusive commercial property without sharing theprivate utility thus derived. The writerArundhati Roy is famous for her anti-nuclearposition and her activism against India's massive hydroelectric dam project, sponsored by

the World Bank. In France the well-known monthly paperLe Monde Diplomatique hasadvocated the antiglobalization cause and an editorial of its directorIgnacio Ramonetbrought about the foundation of the associationATTAC. The works ofJean ZieglerandImmanuel Wallerstein have detailed underdevelopment and dependence in a world ruledby capitalist system. Pacifist and anti-imperialist traditions have strongly influenced themovement. Critics of American foreign policy such asNoam Chomsky, Susan Sontag,and anti-globalist pranksters The Yes Menare widely accepted inside the movement.

Although they may not recognize themselves as antiglobalists and are pro-capitalism,some economists who don't share the neoliberal approach of international economicinstitutions have strongly influenced the movement. Amartya Sen'sDevelopment as

Freedom (Nobel Prize in Economics, 1999), argues that third world development must beunderstood as the expansion of human capability, not simply the increase in nationalincome per capita, and thus requires policies attuned to health and education, not simplyGDP. James Tobin's (winner of theNobel Prize in Economics) proposal for a tax onfinancial transactions (called, after him, the Tobin Tax) has become part of the agenda ofthe movement.

George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz(another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner,formerly of the World Bank, author ofGlobalization and Its Discontents) and DavidKorten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, fordebt relief,landreform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems. Korten and Stiglitz's

contribution to the movement include involvement in direct actionsand street protest.High profile events such as the "McLibel" case have highlighted concern over the effectsof multinational corporations on society, labour relations and the environment (in thatcase the McDonaldsfast food chain).

In some Roman Catholic countries such asItaly there have been religious influences,especially from missionaries who have spent a long time in the Third World(the most
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famous being Alex Zanotelli). The confluence between this tradition and post-communisttradition is often perceived as odd, but not completely at odds.

Internet sources and free-information websites, such as Indymedia, are a means ofdiffusion of the movement's ideas. The vast array of material on spiritual movements,

anarchism,libertarian socialism and the Green Movementthat is now available on theInternet has been perhaps more influential than any printed book. The previously obscureworks ofArundhati Roy, Starhawk, and John Zerzan, in particular, inspired a critiquefavoring feminism, consensus process andpolitical secession.

[edit] Organization

Anti-globalization protests in Edinburghduring the start of the31st G8 summit.

Although over the past years more emphasis has been given to the construction ofgrassroots alternatives to (capitalist) globalization, the movement's largest and mostvisible mode of organizing remains mass decentralized campaigns of direct action andcivil disobedience. This mode of organizing, sometimes under the banner of the Peoples'Global Actionnetwork, tries to tie the many disparate causes together into one globalstruggle.

In many ways the process of organizing matters overall can be more important to activiststhan the avowed goals or achievements of any component of the movement.

At corporate summits, the stated goal of most demonstrations is to stop the proceedings.

Although the demonstrations rarely succeed in more than delaying or inconveniencingthe actual summits, this motivates the mobilizations and gives them a visible, short-termpurpose. Critics claim[citation needed] that this form of publicity is expensive in police time andthe public purse. Although not supported by many[citation needed] in the movement, rioting hasoccurred in Genoa, Seattle and London and extensive damage can be done to the area,especially corporate targets, includingMcDonald's restaurants and Starbucks.

Despite (or perhaps because of) the lack of formal coordinating bodies, the movementmanages to successfully organize large protests on a global basis, using informationtechnologyto spread information and organize. Protesters organize themselves into"affinity groups," typically non-hierarchical groups of people who live close together and

share a common political goal. Affinity groups will then send representatives to planningmeetings. However, because these groups can be infiltrated by law enforcementintelligence, important plans of the protests are often not made until the last minute. Onecommon tactic of the protests is to split up based on willingness to break the law. This isdesigned, with varying success, to protect the risk-averse from the physical and legaldangers posed by confrontations with law enforcement. For example, in Pragueduringthe anti-IMF and World Bank protests in September 2000demonstrators split into threedistinct groups, approaching the conference center from three directions: one engaging in
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various forms of civil disobedience (the Yellow march), one (the Pink/Silvermarch)advancing through "tactical frivolity" (costume, dance, theatre, music, and artwork), andone (the Blue march) engaging in violent conflicts with the baton-armed police, with theprotesters throwing cobblestones lifted from the street. (SeeGuardian report)

These demonstrations come to resemble small societies in themselves. Many protesterstake training in first aid and act as medics to other injured protesters. In the USA, someorganizations like theNational Lawyer's Guild and, to a lesser extent, the ACLU, providelegal witnesses in case of law enforcement confrontation. Protesters often claim thatmajor media outlets do not properly report on them; therefore, some of them created theIndependent Media Center, a collective of protesters reporting on the actions as theyhappen.

[edit] Demonstrations and appointments

See also:List of anti-globalization demonstrations

[edit] Madrid94

The 50th anniversary of the IMF and the World Bank, which was celebrated inMadrid inOctober 1994, was the scene of a protest by an ad-hoc coalition of what would later becalled anti-globalization movements. They tried to drown the bankers' parties in noisefrom outside and held other public forms of protest under the motto "50 Years isEnough". While SpanishKing Juan Carlos was addressing the participants in a hugeexhibition hall, two Greenpeaceactivists climbed to the top and showered the bankerswith fake dollar bills carrying the slogan "No $s forOzone LayerDestruction". A numberof the demonstrators were sent to the notoriousCarabanchel prison.

[edit] J18

One of the first international anti-globalization protests was organized in dozens of citiesaround the world on June 18, 1999, with those in London and Eugene, Oregon most oftennoted. The drive was called the Carnival Against Capitalism, orJ18for short. The protestin Eugene turned into a riot where local anarchists drove police out of a small park. Oneanarchist, Robert Thaxton, was arrested and convicted of throwing a rock at a policeofficer.

[edit] Seattle/N30

Main article:WTO meeting of 1999

The second major mobilization of the movement, known as N30, occurred onNovember30, 1999, when protesters blocked delegates' entrance to WTO meetings inSeattle, USA.The protests forced the cancellation of the opening ceremonies and lasted the length ofthe meeting until December 3. There was a large, permitted march by members of the
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AFL-CIO, and other unauthorized marches by assorted affinity groups who convergedaround the Convention Center.[6][7]The protesters and Seattle riot police clashed in thestreets after police firedtear gas at demonstrators who blocked the streets and refused todisperse. Over 600 protesters were arrested and thousands were injured. [8] Threepolicemen were injured by friendly fire, and one by a thrown rock. Some protesters

destroyed the windows of storefronts of businesses owned or franchised by targetedcorporations such as a largeNike shop and many Starbucks windows. The mayor put thecity under the municipal equivalent ofmartial lawand declared acurfew. As of 2002, thecity of Seattle had paid over $200,000 in settlements of lawsuits filed against the SeattlePolice Department for assault and wrongful arrest, with a class action lawsuit stillpending.

[edit] Law enforcement reaction

Although local police were surprised by the size of N30, law enforcement agencies havesince reacted worldwide to prevent the disruption of future events by a variety of tactics,

including sheer weight of numbers, infiltrating the groups to determine their plans, andpreparations for the use of force to remove protesters.

At the site of some of the protests, police have used tear gas, pepper spray, concussiongrenades, rubber and wooden bullets, night sticks, water cannons, dogs, horses, andoccasionally live ammunition to repel the protesters. After the November 2000 G-8protest in Montreal, at which many protesters were beaten, trampled, and arrested in whatwas intended to be a festive protest, the tactic of dividing protests into "green"(permitted), "yellow" (not officially permitted but with little confrontation and low risk ofarrest), and "red" (involving direct confrontation) zones was introduced.

In Quebec City, municipal officials built a 3 metre(10 ft) high wall around the portion ofthe city where the Summit of the Americaswas being held, which only residents,delegates to the summit, and certain accredited journalists were allowed to pass through.

[edit] Genoa

Main article: Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest

The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protestfrom July 18 to July 22, 2001 was one of thebloodiest protests in Western Europe's recent history, as evidenced by the death of ayoung Genoese anarchistrioternamedCarlo Giuliani during two days of violence and

rioting by fringe groups, and the hospitalisation of several peaceful demonstrators. Policehave subsequently been accused of brutality, torture and interference with the non-violentprotests. Several hundred peaceful demonstrators, rioters, and police were injured andhundreds were arrested during the days surrounding the G8 meeting; most of thosearrested have been charged with some form of "criminal association" under Italy's anti-mafiaand anti-terrorist laws. As part of the continuing investigations, police raids ofsocial centers, media centers, union buildings, and law offices have continued across Italysince the G8 summit in Genoa. Many police officers or responsible authorities present in
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Genoa during the G8 summit, are currently under investigation by the Italian judges, andsome of them resigned. Some have since admitted to planting Molotov cocktails in orderto justify the Diaz School raids, as well as faking the stabbing of a police officer to frameactivists [12].

[edit] International Social Forums

See main articles:European Social Forum, the Asian Social Forum,World Social Forum(WSF).

The first WSF was an initiative of the administration ofPorto Alegre in Brazil.

The slogan of the World Social Forum was "Another World Is Possible". It was here thatthe WSF's Charter of Principles was adopted to provide a framework for the forums.

The WSF became a periodic meeting: in 2002 and 2003 it was held again in Porto Alegre

and became a rallying point for worldwide protest against the American invasion of Iraq.In 2004 it was moved to Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay, inIndia), to make it moreaccessible to the populations of Asia and Africa. This last appointment saw theparticipation of 75,000 delegates.

In the meantime, regional forums took place following the example of the WSF, adoptingits Charter of Principles. The first European Social Forum(ESF) was held in November2002 in Florence. The slogan was "Against the war, against racism and against neo-liberalism". It saw the participation of 60,000 delegates and ended with a hugedemonstration against the war (1,000,000 people according to the organizers). The othertwo ESFs took place in Paris and London, in 2003 and 2004 respectively.

Recently there has been some discussion behind the movement about the role of thesocial forums. Some see them as a "popular university", an occasion to make manypeople aware of the problems of globalization. Others would prefer that delegatesconcentrate their efforts on the coordination and organization of the movement and on theplanning of new campaigns. However it has often been argued that in the dominatedcountries (most of the world) the WSF is little more than an 'NGO fair' driven byNorthern NGOs and donors most of which are hostile to popular movements of the poor.[9]

[edit] Influence on the developing world

The South African Police Crush another Demonstration by the squatters' movement,Abahlali base, Mjondolo, 28 September, 2007

Some people claim that the major mobilizations have taken place mainly in the developedworld, where there are strong traditions offree speech, police restraint, civil rights, and
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the rule of law and decent public transport and the resources for people to be able totravel. In these countries, one of the objectives is to demonstrate that the protesters self-govern better than they could ever be controlled by violent force: onMarch 15 2002 inBarcelona, 250,000 people rioted for days with apparently no serious injury to individualson either side: there were far fewer casualties than would be expected in a typical

European soccer riot, for example. There was, however, much damage to private andpublic property.

However this view is highly prejudicial and misses the fact that there are vibrant massstruggles in most of the world. Given that these are struggles of the very poor they tendnot to appear in the conferences and email networks that limit the anti-globalizationmovement's view of the world.

In Argentina, during the 2001/2002 economic crisis, millions of ordinary citizens took tothe streets for days with similar results to the Barcelona protests, forcing several changesin the federal government. On 19 and 20 December 2001, riots in Buenos Aires and some

other large cities forced the resignation of then-president Fernando de la Ra, thoughover 32 demonstrators were killed. At the same time and also during 2002, thousands ofmiddle-class people marched against financial institutions and foreign companiesbanging pots and pans (this was promptly termed cacerolazo), protesting against thefreezing of their bank accounts in the so-called corralito. In the months that followed,Argentinians developed some alternative neighborhood-based economic systems, socialstructures and local systems of autonomous self-government. A popular slogan within theuprising was, Que se vayan todos! ("Everybody out [of the government]!"), indicatingprotesters' frustration not only with corruption in government but with the entiregovernmental structure.

[edit] Criticisms

The anti-globalization movement has been criticized on many fronts by politicians,members ofconservativethink tanks, mainstream economists, other supporters ofmarket-based economic integration and also by anti-systemic currents of the Left. It hasalso been strongly criticized by third world intellectuals and movements for being verydominated by Europeans and North Americans and their concerns. In some instances ithas been alleged that the relationship to movements and intellectuals in the global Southis often highly paternalistic.

[edit] Alleged lack of evidence for claims

Critics assert that the empirical evidence does not support the views of the anti-globalization movement. These critics point to statistical trends which are interpreted tobe results of globalization, capitalism, and the economic growth they are purported toencourage. Specifically, the following are common claims made by critics to supporttheir view:
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The decrease in the percentage of people in developing countries living below $1per day (adjusted for inflation and purchasing power), which has halved in onlytwenty years [10].

The doubling of life expectancy in the developing world since WWII. The decrease in child mortality in every developing region of the world [11].

Diminishing income inequality for the world as a whole[12]

. The increase in universal suffrage, from no nations in 1900 to 62.5% of all nationsin 2000 [13].

A shift in food supplies available; the proportion of the world's population livingin countries where per capita food supplies are under 2,200 [calories per day] was56 percent in the mid-1960s, compared to below 10 percent by the 1990s.

A rising rate of literacy; between 1950 and 1999, global literacy increased from52 percent to 81 percent, and female literacy as a percentage of male literacyincreased from 59 percent in 1970 to 80 percent in 2000.

There are similar trends for electric power, cars, radios, and telephones per capitaas well as the percentage of the population with access to clean water[14].

Economist,Johan Norberg, author of "In Defense of Global Capitalism" concurs, arguingthat the data supplied by the anti-globalization side is severely lacking in evidence.

Members of the anti-globalization movement respond that "growth is good for the poor"is an uncontroversial slogan, and yet it misses the main point, which is that neoliberalpolicies consistent with globalization and capitalism may not actually be causing growththat has beneficial effects for the poor, or progressing with the urgency the situationrequires. They also take issue with the time period which is often normally associatedwith proponents' arguments such as those cited for life expectancy, child mortality, andliteracy above, because they typically include data from periods such as 1950-1975,

which were prior to the advent of the neoliberal reforms associated with globalization,and serve to make statistics for globalization seem better than they really are. Similarly, itis felt that including positive data from countries which largely ignored neoliberalprescriptions, notably China, discredits the evidence that pro-globalists present. Forexample, concerning the parameter of per capita income growth, development economistHa-Joon Chang writes that considering the record of the last two decades the argumentfor continuing neo-liberal policy prescriptions are "simply untenable." Noting that "Itdepends on the data we use, but roughly speaking, per capita income in developingcountries grew at 3% per year between 1960 and 1980, but has grown only at about 1.5%between 1980 and 2000. And even this 1.5% will be reduced to 1%, if we take out Indiaand China, which have not pursued liberal trade and industrial policies recommended bythe developed countries."[15]Jagdish Bhagwati argues that reforms that opened up theeconomies of China and India contributed to their higher growth in 1980s and 1990s.From 1980 to 2000 their GDP grew at average rate of 10 and 6 percent respectively. Thiswas accompanied by reduction of poverty from 28 percent in 1978 to 9 percent in 1998 inChina, and from 51 percent in 1978 to 26 percent in 2000 in India.[16] According toHeritage Foundation, development in China was anticipated by Milton Friedman, whopredicted that even a small progress towards economic liberalization would producedramatic and positive effects. China's economy had grown together with its economic
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freedom.[17] Critics of corporate-led globalization have expressed concern about themethodology used in arriving at the World Bank`s statistics and argue that more detailedvariables measuring poverty should be studied [18][19]. According to the Center forEconomic and Policy Research (CEPR), the period from 1980-2005 has seen diminishedprogress in terms of economic growth, life expectancy, infant and child mortality, and to

a lesser extent education.[20]

[edit] Disorganization

One of the most common criticisms of the movement, which does not necessarily comefrom its opponents, is simply that the anti-globalization movement lacks coherent goals,and that the views of different protesters are often in opposition to each other.[21] Manymembers of the movement are also aware of this, and argue that, as long as they have acommon opponent, they should march together - even if they don't share exactly the samepolitical vision.

[edit] Addressing problems incorrectly

One argument often made by the opponents of the anti-globalization movement(especially by The Economist), is that one of the major causes of poverty amongst third-world farmers are the trade barriers put up by rich nations and poor nations alike. TheWTO is an organisation set up to work towards removing those trade barriers. Therefore,it is argued, people really concerned about the plight of the third world should actually beencouraging free trade, rather than attempting to fight it. People in the third world, theyargue, will not take any job unless it is better than the next best option they have. Thus ifyou deprive him of his best option, you have made his life worse. This argument is basedon an assumption that the removal of trade barriers does not alter existing options.

Many supporters of capitalism do think that different policies than today should bepursued, although not necessarily those advocated by the anti-globalization movement.For example, some see the World Bank and the IMF as corrupt bureaucracies which havegiven repeated loans to dictators who never do any reforms. Some, like Hernando DeSoto, argue that much of the poverty in the Third World countries is caused by the lack ofWestern systems of laws and well-defined and universally recognizedproperty rights. DeSoto argues that because of the legal barriers poor people in those countries can notutilize their assets to produce more wealth.[22]

[edit] Failure to propose solutions to problems

Another criticism[citation needed] against the movement is that, although it protests about thingsthat are widely recognized as serious problems, such ashuman rights violations, genocideandglobal warming, it rarely proposes detailed solutions. Proponents of the movementpoint[citation needed] to the existence of web resources like the Philadelphia IMC alternativessite [13] and the annualWorld Social Forumwhere numerous solutions are proposed anddebated and empirical data on social experiments are exchanged. Some inside themovement also criticize it for failure to develop any analysis beyond what it is against
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-14%23_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-15%23_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-16%23_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-16%23_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Economic_and_Policy_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Economic_and_Policy_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-17%23_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-17%23_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-18%23_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-19%23_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-19%23_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.phillyimc.org/alternativeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-14%23_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-15%23_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-16%23_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Economic_and_Policy_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Economic_and_Policy_Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-17%23_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-18%23_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto_(economist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement#_note-19%23_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-globalization&action=edit&section=20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://www.phillyimc.org/alternativeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Social_Forum


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and why, this has been a criticism of some communist and socialist groups that do anti-globalisation work, such as the League for the Fifth International.

[edit] Violence/Destructiveness

Some[citation needed]

have also criticized the movement for engaging in violent or destructiveprotest. In general, movement leaders tend to encourage peaceful protest as the moreproductive way of getting attention an

anti global is at ion movement

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