anti-muslim sentiment is a serious threat to american security

8/20/2019 Anti-Muslim Sentiment Is a Serious Threat to American Security

1/20

Anti-Muslim Sentiment Is a

Serious Threat to American SecurityBy Ken Gude November 2015

WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.O


2/20

Anti-Muslim SentimentIs a Serious Threatto American Security

By Ken Gude November 2015


3/20

1 Introduction and summary

3 ISIS strategy: Terrorize, mobilize, polarize

5 ISIS cannot grow unless the West alienates Muslims

7 ISIS uses Islamophobia in a sophisticated

recruiting campaign

10 Islamophobic reactions to the Paris attacks

are exactly what ISIS needs

13 Conclusion

14 About the author

15 Endnotes

Contents


4/20

1 Center for American Progress | Anti-Muslim Sentiment Is a Serious Threat to American Security

Introduction and summary

Te incredible barbarism perperaed by he Islamic Sae o Iraq and al-Sham, or

ISIS, oo ofen dissuades hose in he Wes rom any meaningul assessmen o he

group’s sraegy and acics. From beheading or burning alive capives o slaugh-

ering enire minoriy populaions and gunning down innocen civilians in previ-

ously quie srees, he violence is incomprehensible and hus can appear devoid

o reason or planning. Ta is ar rom he ruh. ISIS has been very clear abou is

objecives. I uses violence o achieve is goals, including o spread ear and induce

governmens and publics o make choices hey oherwise would no; o mobilizeis supporers wih demonsraions o is capabiliies; and, mos imporanly, o

provoke an ani-Muslim backlash o help i atrac new ollowers and prepare or a

clash o civilizaions. Te ignorance o mos in Wesern sociey o ISIS’s clear and

openly described objecives is providing he necessary uel or heir coninued

growh and momenum.

Te reacion in he Unied Saes o he atacks in Paris has been a mixure o

solidariy wih he vicims and a growing anxiey abou he hrea ISIS poses

o he American homeland. Tis ear is undersandable even hough he abil-

iy o he U.S. governmen o deec and preven erroris atacks has never been

sronger. Te Unied Saes should no be complacen, however, and he Cener

or American Progress has proposed a series o seps he Unied Saes should ake

o deea ISIS.1 We can never compleely eliminae he risk o erroris atacks.

Bu in imes such as hese, i is incumben upon poliical leaders o reassure he

American people ha hey are aking all o he appropriae seps o keep hem sae

now and in he long erm.

Wha is no accepable is he kind o rheoric ha atemps o exploi Americans’

reasonable ears or poliical gain and ries o push a jitery populaion owardincreased hared and prejudice: Tis is Islamophobia. Haeul rheoric and dis-

criminaory policies ha arge Muslims are morally wrong, acually inaccurae,

and genuinely hreaen he saey o Muslims in he Unied Saes. Tis repor

ocuses on an addiional aspec o Islamophobia ha receives oo litle atenion in


5/20


he curren poliical discourseha ISIS wans and needs he Unied Saes and

oher Wesern socieies o alienae heir Muslim populaions hrough heir words

and deeds. Tis is a saed goal o ISIS leadership.

ISIS needs he Wes o alienae and marginalize is Muslim ciizens in order o

oser he appearance o a war agains Islam. ISIS desperaely needs new recruisin order o conend wih is massive weakness compared wih he orces aligned

agains he group and is incredible unpopulariy among Muslims in Muslim-

majoriy counries.

ISIS has developed a very sophisicaed propaganda and recruiing campaign

ha uses modern communicaions and social media ools o dramaically eclipse

previous erroris recruiing effors. Wesern ani-Muslim senimen is he cenral

narraive elemen in his propaganda and recruiing campaign.

Te many knee-jerk policy proposals direced a all Muslims ha are nowemerging, paricularly among conservaives and rom several presidenial can-

didaes, serve only o advance ISIS’s goals. Tis is dangerous and deadly serious.

And i mus sop.

The many

knee-jerk policy

proposals direct

at all Muslims th

are now emergiserve only to

advance ISIS’s

goals.


6/20


ISIS strategy:

Terrorize, mobilize, polarize

Te horrific violence ha was, or a ime, limied o ISIS’s main area o operaions

in Iraq and Syria has recenly spread o counries near and ar. Te bombings in

Ankara and Beiru, he downing o a Russian airliner over Egyp’s Sinai Peninsula,

and he bombings and shooings in Paris mark a shif in ISIS’s sraegy o ake is

war o he nex sage.2 Tese atacks are no he acions o nihiliss or random kill-

ings o slake a rampan bloodlus. Raher, according o Jason Burke, journalis and

auhor o numerous books on Al Qaeda and oher erroris groups, ISIS has hree

goals: o errorize, mobilize, and polarize.3

Te firs objecive o any erroris organizaion, including ISIS, is o inimidae

civilian populaions and orce governmens o make rash decisions ha hey

oherwise would no choose. William McCans, a scholar a Te Brookings

Insiuion, wroe in he wake o he Paris atacks ha he leaders o ISIS “ have

hough long and hard abou he uiliy o violence and he value o scaring

ordinary people.”4

Te sraegic masermind behind he rise o ISIS, a ormer colonel in Saddam

Hussein’s Iraqi inelligence service who wen by he pseudonym Haji Bakr, plo-

ed ISIS’s growh hrough he sysemaic applicaion o incredible violence.5

Haji Bakr’s plan called or “he eliminaion o every person who migh have been

a poenial leader or opponen.”6 I proved successul in gaining conrol o he

Syrian ciy o Raqqa, and under Bakr’s leadership, ISIS began using his sraegy o

expand o areas ouside o is original base in Syria and ino Iraq. Tis provided he

basis or declaring a caliphae in June 2014.

ISIS’s second objecive is o moivae is supporers and enhance is legiimacy

in he areas where i has seized conrol. A 2004 essay called “Te Managemeno Savagery”writen by Abu Bakr Naji or he precursor o ISIS, Al Qaeda in

Iraqoulined many elemens o he sraegy ha ISIS now pursues. I describes

ha “is specific arge is o moivae crowds drawn rom he masses o fly o he

regions which we manage, paricularly he youh.”7


7/20


Scot Aran, he direcor o research a France’s Naional Cener or Scienific

Research, wroe o ISIS ha he complexiy o he Paris atacks and he clear suc-

cess a recruiing French and EU naionals “enhances is legiimacy in he eyes

o is ollowers.”8 Muliple eams operaing in differen areas o he ciy, atacking

simulaneously and wih varied mehods, recalls specacular erroris atacks such

as Mumbai in 2008 or 9/11 and demonsraes disciplined miliary acics. ISIS saido he recen atacks ha i lef “Paris and is residens ‘shocked and awed,’” clearly a

reerence o he U.S. descripion o he bombing campaign in Iraq in 2003, as well

as how ISIS hoped he atacks would be received among is supporers.9

Te hird objecive, which Burke describes as “he mos imporan,” is o generae

a response ha will alienae Muslim populaions rom heir governmens, paricu-

larly in he Wes, and hus increase he appeal o he ISIS caliphae among hem.10

Harleen Gambhir o he Insiue or he Sudy o War, idenifies his as par o

“ISIS’s plan o eliminae neural paries hrough eiher absorpion or eliminaion,

in preparaion o evenual all-ou batle wih he Wes.”11

Preparaion or ha all-ou batle is cenral o undersanding how ISIS sees he

world. Is English-language magazine, Dabiq , is named afer a Syrian ciy eaured

in a prophecy in which, according o McCans, he Prophe Muhammad “pre-

dics he Day o Judgmen will come afer he Muslims deea Rome a al-Amaq

or Dabiq.”12 An essay in he February 2015 ediion o Dabiq describes he world

as comprised o “wo camps beore he world or mankind o choose beween,

a camp o Islam … and a camp o kurhe crusader coaliion.”13 In beween

hose wo camps is somehing ha ISIS calls “he grayzone,” composed o eiher

“hypocries” or “‘independen’ and ‘neural’ Islamic paries ha reuse o join he

Khilaah [Caliphae, or ISIS].”14

I is he Muslims in his so-called grayzone ha are he arge o he ISIS effor

a polarizaion. Te essay in Dabiq cied above is iled “Te Exincion o he

Grayzone.” ISIS uses he exisence o is sel-described caliphae in Iraq and Syria

and is erroris atacks ouside o is area o operaions o compel “he crusaders o

acively desroy he grayzone hemselves.”15 Tis will happen, ISIS argues, because

“Muslims in he Wes will quickly find hemselves beween one o wo choices, hey

eiher aposaize … or hey perorm hijrah [emigrae] o he Islamic Sae [ISIS] andhereby escape persecuion rom he crusader governmens.”16 ISIS wans a clash o

civilizaions beween isel and he Wes, afer all Muslims have eiher abandoned

he aih or joined ISIS. Essenially, he subsuming o all exising Muslim naions

ino he caliphae is a precursor o he final war wih he res o humaniy.

ISIS wants a clas

of civilizations

between itself

and the West, af

all Muslims haveeither abandone

the faith or

joined ISIS.


8/20


ISIS cannot grow unless

the West alienates Muslims

Te ISIS sraegy depends upon Wesern socieies alienaing heir Muslim popula-

ions in reacion o error atacks because ISIS is very weak relaive o he many

orces aligned agains i and because i is exremely unpopular in Muslim counries

where i operaes. I would be a misake o underesimae ISIS’s capabiliies given

is unmiigaed barbarism and he presence in is ranks o many ormer high-rank-

ing Iraqi securiy officials, such as Haji Bakr. Bu ISIS has only been able o obain

he erriory i now holds because o collapsing sae auhoriy in he pars o Syria

and Iraq where i operaes. And is power, hough srong or a nonsae acor, sim-ply does no compare wih he combined orces o he more han 60 naion-saes

o he world aligned agains i.17

ISIS mus perpeuae he narraive o a global conflic beween he Wes and

Muslims because mos Muslims have a negaive view o he erroris organiza-

ion. Prior o his recen spae o ISIS atacks, he Pew Research Cener con-

duced surveys in counries wih significan Muslim populaions ha racked

suppor or opposiion o ISIS. I ound overwhelmingly unavorable views o

ISIS, including in Lebanon where “almos every person surveyed who gave an

opinion had an unavorable view o ISIS, including 99% wih a very unavorable

opinion.” In Jordan, 94 percen o he populaion held a negaive view o ISIS,

while jus 3 percen gave heir suppor. Negaive views oaled 84 percen in he

Palesinian erriories and 73 percen in urkey, wih 19 percen answering ha

hey “don’ know.”18

Muslims’ opinions abou ISIS are no confined o polls. In he week ollowing

he Charlie Hebdo atacks in Paris earlier his year, Ghambhir noes ha proess

agains ISIS occurred “in Gaza, Algeria, Pakisan, Chechnya, Niger, Mali, Somalia,

Syria, Lebanon, Senegal, Mauriania and Iran.”19

Tis should come as no surprise:Even hough he U.S. media repors mainly on high-profile ISIS atacks argeing

Weserners, as Presiden Barack Obama said las year, “he vas majoriy o ISIL’s

[ISIS’s] vicims have been Muslim.”20 Te chilling realiy o ISIS’s level o deprav-

ISIS must

perpetuate the

narrative of a glo

conflict betwee

the West and

Muslims becausmost Muslims h

a negative view

of the terrorist

organization.


9/20


iy is ha even Osama bin Laden grew increasingly concerned ha ISIS’s precur-

sor organizaion, Al Qaeda in Iraq, had so badly damaged Al Qaeda’s branddue

o is argeing o Muslim civiliansha he sough o disavow he group and

conemplaed changing Al Qaeda’s name.21

All o his provides he raionale behind Presiden Obama’s careully chosen words ha described his conflic as one agains “violen exremism.”22 I is no as

i ISIS rerains rom lumping Obama in wih he oher “crusader leaders” i rails

agains. O course i does. Bu raher, he Obama adminisraion has shown disci-

plinebased on an undersanding o ISIS’s aimso avoid urhering ISIS’s own

sraegic objecives by providing he group wih ready-made sound bies o plug

ino is powerul propaganda machine.

Even Osama

bin Laden grew

increasingly

concerned that

ISIS’s precursororganization ha

so badly damag

Al Qaeda’s brand

that he sought t

disavow the gro


10/20


ISIS uses Islamophobia in a

sophisticated recruiting campaign

I may seem unahomable why anyone, paricularly in he Wes, would choose o

become par o an apocalypic cul locaed housands o miles away and commi-

ed o ulraviolence. Tere is no sole moive, or driver oward radicalizaion, ha

leads people o join ISIS. Bu he reasons clearly include some oxic mix o he

rebelliousness o youh, marginalizaion rom mainsream sociey, and a real or

perceived anipahy oward Islam on he par o he Wes. And while here is no

jusificaion or making such a decision, i is criical o comprehend wha moi-

vaes people o ravel o Iraq and Syria and how groups such as ISIS capialize onhese drivers in heir sophisicaed recruiing effors.

Te prolieraion o social media has radically ransormed he erroris move-

men and he recruiing landscape rom which i atracs new fighers. ISIS’s early

adopion o social media on various plaorms is one o he reasons i has eclipsed

Al Qaeda’s recruimen, according o a 2014 U.N. Securiy Council repor on he

recruimen o oreign fighers ino ISIS’s ranks.23 Te repor concludes ha he

“numbers since 2010 are now many imes he size o he cumulaive numbers o

oreign erroris fighers beween 1990 and 2010and are growing.”24

ISIS’s use o modern media ools and plaorms is like nohing he erroris world

has ever seen. Scot alan, a proessor o social media and markeing a American

Universiy, described he ISIS recruiing videos he has seen as “sophisicaed”:

“I is Madison Avenue mees documenary film making mees news channel wih

sensibiliies and markeing value.”25 A ormer aliban recruier now working wih

he Canadian securiy services said his is because “Weserners are involved, espe-

cially in he recruimen and social media disseminaion. … Look a he videos

hey’re making. You hink hose people were rained in Syria and Iraq? Tose

people were rained in he Wes.”26

ISIS does no merely rely on slick videos pushed ou hrough social media. I

operaes a 24-hour social media help cener, produces is own apps, and has even

developed an online raining manual.27 And ISIS will devoe housands o hours in

direc social media communicaion oward jus one poenial recrui.28

ISIS’s use of

modern media

tools and platfo

is like nothing th

terrorist world h

ever seen.


11/20


Rys Farhing o he Deparmen o Social Policy and Inervenion a Oxord

Universiy inerviewed young Briish Muslims across he Unied Kingdom in

an atemp o undersand he reason why ISIS had such appeal or Muslims in

Europe. He ound ha Islamophobia, eiher experienced by Muslim communi-

ies in Briain or promoed by ISIS propaganda, played a major role. One young

woman old him ha “ISIS wouldn’ be here i here wasn’ Islamophobia.” Anoher idenified he represenaion o Muslims in he media as “he main prob-

lem. … Tis counry does no accep Islam or wha i is. Tey’re sereoyping i.”29

According o he Congressional Research Service, U.S. inelligence esimaed

ha more han 20,000 oreign fighers raveled o Syria and Iraq rom 2011 o

early 2015.30 O hose, a leas 3,400 were Weserners.31 Te European Union’s

op diploma, Federica Mogherini, has said ha all o he Paris atackers are

believed o be EU ciizens and ha a leas some received raining in Syria.32 Tis

and oher atacks place Europe more squarely under hrea rom oreign fighers;

he U.S. governmen believes ha only abou 150 o hose 3,400 fighers are romhe Unied Saes.33

Tis problem is more pressing in Europe, bu i is no unique o i. In he mos

deailed public accoun o a long-erm ISIS recruiing effor, Te New York imes

published an invesigaion ino ISIS’s courship o a 23-year-old American woman

in rural Washingon sae. Muliple online inerlocuors rom Syria and he Unied

Kingdom spen more han six mohs engaging her and enicing her o become a

Muslim and ulimaely leave he Unied Saes. According o Te New York imes

accoun, early in ISIS’s effors o recrui her, her primary online riend old her o

keep her new Muslim ideniy secre, “arguing ha Muslims are persecued in he

Unied Saes. She could be labeled a erroris.”34

Regardless o ISIS’s level o sophisicaion in using social media, how much

direc discriminaion a Muslim communiy eels and how alienaed i is rom he

res o sociey, or how suscepible any one young person is o hese recruiing

echniques, only a iny minoriy ever agree o join ISIS’s cause. An even smaller

racion reurn o he Wes inen on doing harm o civilians. I is imporan o

pu his in he conex o he muliude o hreas, oreign and domesic, arrayed

agains he Unied Saes. Bu i is possible ha even a small number couldrepresen a genuine securiy hrea. Te Unied Saes has no experienced he

same orces driving he dynamic in Europe, which has osered a larger pool o

poenial recruis and greaer numbers o people ravelling o Syria o figh wih

One young wom

told him that “IS

wouldn’t be her

if there wasn’t

Islamophobia.”


12/20


ISIS. Te reacion o he Paris atacks in he Unied Saes is a warning ha ISIS’s

sraegy could sar o work here by increasing ani-Muslim senimen and begin-

ning o erode some o he advanages ha come wih America’s well-inegraed

Muslim American populaion.

Muslim Americans should never eel he need o separae hemselves rom he reso American sociey. Such a scenario would have negaive social and economic

impacs no only or Muslims in America bu also or he naion as a whole. I also

has broader securiy implicaions. Rising alienaion ha could possibly lead o a

larger poenial pool o recruis or groups such as ISIS, however, is no he only

reason o be concerned. Because Muslim American communiies can and wan

o be a par o he soluion, hey can offer a firs line o deense o help deec and

preven error plos. In ac, Muslim communiies have worked wih U.S. securiy

officials o help preven 40 percen o all Al Qaeda plos in he Unied Saes since

9/11.35 However, an ani-Muslim backlash serves only o drive a wedge beween

Muslim Americans and securiy agencies, likely lessening he level o cooperaionha has successully prevened atacks in he pas.


13/20


Islamophobic reactions to the Paris

attacks are exactly what ISIS needs

Te Cener or American Progress has underaken wo deailed analyses o

Islamophobia in he Unied Saes, uncovering a nework o organizaions,

unders, and individuals ha have promoed ani-Muslim rheoric and policies in

he Unied Saes over he pas decade.36 While his research showed ha ani-

Muslim rheoric was a genuine problem in American social and poliical lie, one

o he mos encouraging hings i concluded was ha hese views were largely con-

fined o he margins o conservaive poliical discourse and did no have influence

over naional policymaking.

In par, his was because mainsream conservaives acively rejeced he mes-

sages o he Islamophobia nework. Presiden George W. Bush said a a mosque

in he days afer he 9/11 atacks ha “Islam is peace. … When we hink o Islam

we hink o a aih ha brings comor o a billion people around he world. …

And ha’s made brohers and sisers ou o every race.”37 Te organizers o he

Conservaive Poliical Acion Conerence, or CPAC, he larges annual gaher-

ing o conservaive aciviss and a major marker or he conservaive movemen,

banned prominen ani-Muslim acivis Frank Gaffney rom is conerence in

2011. According o op CPAC officials, Gaffney, a ormer Reagan adminisraion

official, had become “iresomely obsessed wih his weird belie ” ha he Muslim

Broherhood was infilraing he U.S. governmen and poliical organizaions,

including CPAC.38 More examples o conservaive pushback agains Islamophobia

are deailed in CAP’s “Fear, Inc. 2.0” repor.39

Afer he Paris atacks, i no longer appears ha Islamophobia is confined o he

ringes o he conservaive movemen. By he end o he firs business day afer he

atacks, more han hal o he naion’s governorsall bu one Republicanshad

announced ha hey would atemp o keep any Syrian reugees rom being resetledin heir saes, reugees who are fleeing rom he carnage wrough in par by ISIS. 40

By he end o he week, he U.S. House o Represenaives had passed a bill ha

would effecively end he Syrian reugee resetlemen program; he bill had virually

unanimous Republican suppor wih some Democras joining he majoriy.41


14/20


15/20


No saisfied wih heir atemp o bog down he heads o hese criical naional

securiy and inelligence agencies, some conservaives seem ready o shu down

he enire ederal governmen over Syrian reugees. Rep. Brian Babin (R-X) has

obained he suppor o 57 oher members o Congress or his effor o bar any

unds o he Syrian reugee resetlemen program in he annual spending bills ha

mus pass by December 11.46

Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) is leading a similar efforon he Senae side.47 Few siuaions would play ino he hands o ISIS more han

shuting down he U.S. governmen in a misguided panic over Muslim reugees.

Te Unied Saes has a long rack record o resetling millions o reugees rom

war-orn counriessome o which had governmens or elemens ha viewed he

Unied Saes as an enemywihou any meaningul harm o securiy.48 Concerns

abou he risk ha ISIS could infilrae he resetlemen program are undersandable,

and i is or his reason ha he screening and veting sysem is so robus, as oulined

in a recen Cener or American Progress inographic.49 I is also why CAP proposed

some addiional measures ha could be aken o secure i.50 Bu welcoming Syrianreugees would show America a is bes a a ime when anxiey and ear is driving

some o be a heir worsand wih poenially serious consequences.

Harsh rheoric and knee-jerk policies are no he exen o Islamophobia in he

Unied Saes in he wake o he Paris atacks. Over he pas week, Chrisopher

Mahias and Andy Campbell o Te Huffingon Pos have chronicled a series o

Islamophobic acs argeing Muslims in he Unied Saes. Tese include he burn-

ing o a mosque; hree separae incidens in which passengers were removed rom

flighs or eiher appearing Middle Easern or speaking Arabic; wo separae, cred-

ible violen hreas agains a mosque and an Islamic cener; and several incidens

o vandalism and harassmen.51

Few situations

would play into

the hands of

ISIS more than

shutting down tU.S. governmen

in a misguided

panic over Musl

refugees.


16/20


Conclusion

ISIS is no going o win his war. Is apocalypic worldview and horrific violence

will always preven he group rom obaining broad suppor rom any popula-

ion. Tere is no amoun o alienaion or discriminaion ha could drive sufficien

numbers o ISIS o affec he ulimae oucome o his conflic. Wha is in doub is

he duraion o he batle and how bloody i will be.

Should he Unied Saes ail o snap ou o his spasm o ani-Muslim senimen

ha has ollowed in he wake o he Paris atacks, hen he level o alienaion hais currenly more prevalen in Europe could become common here. Tis would

provide ISIS wih addiional uel o prolong his war and increase he loss o

innocen lives. I, however, he Unied Saes and oher Wesern socieies view our

ellow ciizenswho happen o be Muslimas our sronges asse and par-

ners in deeaing he objecives o ISIS, and i we make common cause wih he

overwhelming majoriy o Muslims who wan o desroy ISIS, hen his will be a

shorer conflic wih ar ewer lives los.

We canno accoun or he uter barbarism o ISIS. Bu we are in complee conrol

o how we reac o i.


17/20


About the author

Ken Gude is a Senior Fellow wih he Naional Securiy and Inernaional Policy

eam a he Cener or American Progress. He also leads several o he organiza-

ion’s policy iniiaives and projecs. Gude has worked a he Cener since is

ounding in 2003serving in numerous roles, including Chie o Saff and VicePresiden and Managing Direcor o he Naional Securiy and Inernaional

Policy eam. Gude is one o he leading expers on he prison a Guananamo Bay

and he inersecion o law and securiy in he figh agains errorism.


18/20


Endnotes

1 Vikram Singh and others, “After The Paris Attacks”(Washington: Center for American Progress, 2015),available at https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/.

2 Eric Schmitt, “Paris Attacks and Other Assaults Seenas Evidence of a Shift by ISIS,” The New York Times,November 22, 2015, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1.

3 Jason Burke, “Islamic State ‘Goes Global’ with ParisAttacks,” The Observer , November 14, 2015, availableat http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attacks.

4 Will McCants, “How the Islamic State Declared War onthe World,”Foreign Policy , November 16, 2015, availableat https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/how-the-islamic-state-declared-war-on-the-world-actual-state/.

5 Christoph Reuter, “Secret Files Show Structure of IslamicState,” Spiegel Online International, April 18, 2015,available at http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.html.

6 Ibid.

7 William McCants, translator, “The Management ofSavagery by Abu Bakr Naji” (Cambridge, MA: John M.Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University,2006), available at https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdf.

8 Scott Atran and Nafees Hamid, “Paris: The War ISISWants,” The New York Review of Books, November 16,2015, available at http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyr-blog/2015/nov/16/paris-attacks-isis-strategy-chaos/.

9 Madison Pauly, “The Latest Issue of ISIS’s Magazine IsAs Terrible As You’d Think,” Mother Jones, November

18, 2015, available at http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/11/isis-magazine-dabiq-paris-beirut-russia.

10 Burke, “Islamic State ‘Goes Global’ With Paris Attacks.”

11 Harleen Gambhir, “ISIS Global Intelligence Summary:January 7 – February 18” (Washington: In stitute forthe Study of War, 2015), available at http://www.un-derstandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Sum-mary_update.pdf .

12 William McCants, “ISIS Fantasies of an Apocalyp-tic Showdown in Northern Syria,” The BrookingsInstitution, October 3, 2014, available at http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccants.

13 ISIS, “The Extinction of the Gray Zone,” Dabiq, February2015, available at https://ansarukhilafah.wordpress.

com/2015/02/14/the-extinction-of-thr-grayzone/.

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid.

16 Ibid.

17 Jess McHugh and Hanna Sender, “Who Is Fighting ISIS?”,International Business Times, November 15, 2015, avail-able at http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fighting-isis-map-us-led-coalition-campaign-after-paris-attacks-2185295.

18 Jacob Poushter, “In Nations with Significant MuslimPopulations, Much Disdain for ISIS,” Pew ResearchCenter, November 17, 2015, available at http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/.

19 Gambhir, “ISIS Global Intelligence Summary: January7 – February 18.”

20 The White House, “Statement by the President on ISIL,”Press release, September 10, 2014, available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1.

21 Associated Press, “Bin Laden Eyed Name Change foral-Qaeda to Repair Image,” USA Today , June 26, 2011,available at http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-24-Osama-bin-Laden-Al-qaeda_n.htm.

22 The White House, “Remarks by President Obama atthe Leaders’ Summit on Countering ISIL and ViolentExtremism,” Press release, September 29, 2015,available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violent.

23 Spencer Ackerman, “Foreign Jihadists Flocking to Iraqand Syria on ‘Unprecedented Scale,’” The Guardian,October 30, 2014, available at http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isis.

24 Ibid.

25 Jack Cloherty and others, “ISIS Propaganda Machine IsSophisticated and Prolific, US Officials Say,” ABC News,May 7, 2015, available at http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982.

26 Alessandria Masi, “ISIS Recruiting Westerners,” Interna-tional Business Times, September 8, 2014, available at:http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076.

27 Will Oremus, “ISIS Has a ‘Jihadi Help Desk’ and an OnlinePrivacy Manual, Because Terrorists Need Tech Support

Too,” Slate, November 19, 2015, available at http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/ter-rorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_on-line_privacy_manual.html.

28 Rukmini Callimachi, “ISIS and the Lonely Young Ameri-can,” The New York Times, June 28, 2015, available athttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.html.

29 Rys Farthing, “ISIS Wouldn’t Be Here If There Wasn’tIslamophobia,” Daily Mirror , March 17, 2015, availableat http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-islamophobia-muslim-girls-edl-5348349.

30 Kristin Archick and others, “European Fighters in Syriaand Iraq” (Washington: Congressional Research Ser vice,2015), available at https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44003.pdf .

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attackshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attackshttps://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/how-the-islamic-state-declared-war-on-the-world-actual-state/https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/how-the-islamic-state-declared-war-on-the-world-actual-state/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttp://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/nov/16/paris-attacks-isis-strategy-chaos/http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/nov/16/paris-attacks-isis-strategy-chaos/http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/11/isis-magazine-dabiq-paris-beirut-russiahttp://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/11/isis-magazine-dabiq-paris-beirut-russiahttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttp://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttp://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttps://ansarukhilafah.wordpress.com/2015/02/14/the-extinction-of-thr-grayzone/https://ansarukhilafah.wordpress.com/2015/02/14/the-extinction-of-thr-grayzone/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fighting-isis-map-us-led-coalition-campaign-after-paris-attacks-2185295http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fighting-isis-map-us-led-coalition-campaign-after-paris-attacks-2185295http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-24-Osama-bin-Laden-Al-qaeda_n.htmhttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-24-Osama-bin-Laden-Al-qaeda_n.htmhttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttp://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.htmlhttp://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-islamophobia-muslim-girls-edl-5348349http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-islamophobia-muslim-girls-edl-5348349https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44003.pdfhttps://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44003.pdfhttps://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44003.pdfhttps://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44003.pdfhttp://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-islamophobia-muslim-girls-edl-5348349http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-islamophobia-muslim-girls-edl-5348349http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/world/americas/isis-online-recruiting-american.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/11/19/terrorist_tech_support_isis_has_a_jihadi_help_desk_online_privacy_manual.htmlhttp://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-recruiting-westerners-how-islamic-state-goes-after-non-muslims-recent-converts-west-1680076http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://abcnews.go.com/International/isis-propaganda-machine-sophisticated-prolific-us-officials/story?id=30888982http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/foreign-jihadist-iraq-syria-unprecedented-un-isishttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/29/remarks-president-obama-leaders-summit-countering-isil-and-violenthttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-24-Osama-bin-Laden-Al-qaeda_n.htmhttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-24-Osama-bin-Laden-Al-qaeda_n.htmhttps://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/statement-president-isil-1http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/in-nations-with-significant-muslim-populations-much-disdain-for-isis/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fighting-isis-map-us-led-coalition-campaign-after-paris-attacks-2185295http://www.ibtimes.com/who-fighting-isis-map-us-led-coalition-campaign-after-paris-attacks-2185295https://ansarukhilafah.wordpress.com/2015/02/14/the-extinction-of-thr-grayzone/https://ansarukhilafah.wordpress.com/2015/02/14/the-extinction-of-thr-grayzone/http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttp://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttp://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2014/10/03-isis-apocalyptic-showdown-syria-mccantshttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/INTSUM_Summary_update.pdfhttp://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/11/isis-magazine-dabiq-paris-beirut-russiahttp://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2015/11/isis-magazine-dabiq-paris-beirut-russiahttp://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/nov/16/paris-attacks-isis-strategy-chaos/http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2015/nov/16/paris-attacks-isis-strategy-chaos/https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttps://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/abu-bakr-naji-the-management-of-savagery-the-most-critical-stage-through-which-the-umma-will-pass.pdfhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttp://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.htmlhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/how-the-islamic-state-declared-war-on-the-world-actual-state/https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/how-the-islamic-state-declared-war-on-the-world-actual-state/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attackshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/islamic-state-goes-global-paris-attackshttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/23/world/europe/paris-attacks-isis-threatens-west.html?_r=1https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/report/2015/11/19/126018/after-the-paris-attacks/


19/20


31 Ibid.

32 Ben Farmer, “Who Were the Terrorists? EverythingWe Know About the ISIL Attackers So Far,” The DailyTelegraph , November 20, 2015, available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.html.

33 Archick and others, “European Fighters in Syria andIraq.”

34 Callimachi, “ISIS and the Lonely Young American.”

35 Muslim Public Affairs Council, “Data on Post-9/11 Terror-ism in the United States” (Washington: Muslim PublicAffairs Council, 2012), available at http://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terror-ism-Data.pdf .

36 See Wajahat Ali and others, “Fear, Inc.: The Roots ofthe Islamophobia Network in America” (Washington:Center for American Progress, 2011), available athttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/; Matt Duss andothers, “Fear, Inc. 2.0: The Islamophobia Network’sEfforts to Manufacture Hate in America” (Washington:Center for American Progress, 2015), available athttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2015/02/11/106394/fear-inc-2-0/.

37 The White House, “‘Islam is Peace’ Says President ,”Press release, September 17, 2001, available at http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releas-es/2001/09/20010917-11.html.

38 Alex Seitz-Wald, “Exclusive: Frank Gaffney WasBarred From Participating in CPAC, So He Inventeda Reason to ‘Boycott’ It,” ThinkProgress, February15, 2011, available at http://thinkprogress.org/poli-tics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/.

39 Duss and others, “Fear, Inc. 2.0: The IslamophobiaNetwork’s Efforts to Manufacture Hate in America.”

40 Tamron Hall, “Growing Number of States Seek to BlockSyrian Refugees,” MSNBC, November 17, 2015, availableat http://www.msnbc.com/tamron-hall/watch/26-governors-oppose-syrian-refugees-568540739567.

41 Lisa Mascaro, “House Votes to Block Syrian Refu-gees Despite White House Veto Threat,” Los AngelesTimes, November 19, 2015, available at http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.html.

42 Theodoric Meyer, “Rubio Sees a ‘Clash of Civilizations,’”Politico , November 15, 2015, available at http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905.

43 Ibid.

44 The American Security Against Foreign Enemies Act of2015, H.R. 4038, 114 Cong. 1 sess. (Government PrintingOffice, 2015), Sec. 2, available at https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdf .

45 U.S. Department of State, “Proposed Refugee Admis-sions for Fiscal Year 2016,” Press release, October 1,2015, available at http://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/docsforcongress/247770.htm.

46 Peter Schroeder and Tim Devaney, “Syria Refugee FightEmerges as Government Shutdown Threat,” The Hill ,November 23, 2015, available at http://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threat.

47 Margaret Hartmann, “GOP to Drop Planned ParenthoodFight, Shut D own Government Over Syrian Refugees,”New York , November 17, 2015, available at http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.html#.

48 Refugee Council USA, “History of the U.S. Refugee

Resettlement Program,” available at http://www.rcusa.org/history (last accessed November 2015).

49 Center for American Progress, “Infographic: The Screen-ing Process for Entry to the United States for SyrianRefugees,” November 18, 2015, available at https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/.

50 Tom Jawetz and Ken Gude, “American At Its Best ,”Center for American Progress, November 18, 2015,available at https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/.

51 Christopher Mathias and Andy Campbell, “A Run-ning List of Shameful Islamophobic Acts Since the

Paris Attacks,” The Huffington Post, November 20,2015, available at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9dda.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttp://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttp://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2015/02/11/106394/fear-inc-2-0/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2015/02/11/106394/fear-inc-2-0/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttp://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://www.msnbc.com/tamron-hall/watch/26-governors-oppose-syrian-refugees-568540739567http://www.msnbc.com/tamron-hall/watch/26-governors-oppose-syrian-refugees-568540739567http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttps://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttps://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttp://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/docsforcongress/247770.htmhttp://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/docsforcongress/247770.htmhttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://www.rcusa.org/historyhttp://www.rcusa.org/historyhttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/all-the-islamophobic-acts-in-us-canada-since-paris_564cee09e4b031745cef9ddahttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125802/america-at-its-best/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2015/11/18/125812/infographic-the-screening-process-for-entry-to-the-united-states-for-syrian-refugees/http://www.rcusa.org/historyhttp://www.rcusa.org/historyhttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/11/gop-may-shutdown-goverment-over-syrian-refugees.htmlhttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://thehill.com/policy/finance/260966-syria-refugee-fight-emerges-as-government-shutdown-threathttp://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/docsforcongress/247770.htmhttp://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/docsforcongress/247770.htmhttps://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttps://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttps://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/111815-HR4038.pdfhttp://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905http://www.politico.com/story/2015/11/marco-rubio-paris-attacks-isil-215905http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-congress-refugees-20151119-story.htmlhttp://www.msnbc.com/tamron-hall/watch/26-governors-oppose-syrian-refugees-568540739567http://www.msnbc.com/tamron-hall/watch/26-governors-oppose-syrian-refugees-568540739567http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/02/15/144098/frank-gaffney-banned-from-cpac/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttp://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010917-11.htmlhttps://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2015/02/11/106394/fear-inc-2-0/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2015/02/11/106394/fear-inc-2-0/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/religion/report/2011/08/26/10165/fear-inc/http://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttp://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttp://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/MPAC-Post-911-Terrorism-Data.pdfhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11996120/Paris-attack-what-we-know-about-the-suspects.html


20/20

Our Mission

The Center for American

Progress is an independent,

nonpartisan policy institute

that is dedicated to improving

the lives of all Americans,

through bold, progressive

ideas, as well as strongleadership and concerted

action. Our aim is not just to

change the conversation, but

to change the country.

Our Values

As progressives, we believe

America should be a land of

boundless opportunity, where

people can climb the ladder

of economic mobility. We

believe we owe it to future

generations to protect theplanet and promote peace

and shared global prosperity.

And we believe an effective

government can earn the

trust of the American people,

champion the common

good over narrow self-interest,

and harness the strength ofour diversity.

Our Approach

We develop new policy ideas

challenge the media to cover

the issues that truly matter,

and shape the national debat

With policy teams in major

issue areas, American Progres

can think creatively at thecross-section of traditional

boundaries to develop ideas

for policymakers that lead to

real change. By employing an

extensive communications

and outreach effort that we

adapt to a rapidly changing

media landscape, we move

our ideas aggressively in thenational policy debate.

anti-muslim sentiment is a serious threat to american security

Documents