Anti-Seismic Measures on Anti-Seismic Measures on Water SuppWater Supp ｌｌ yy

Introduction and OverviewIntroduction and Overview

Akira NITTA Water Supply Division

Ministry of Health, Labour and WelfareGovernment of Japan

Significant Significant earthquakes earthquakes

in the in the vicinity of vicinity of

JapanJapan（ From Jan. 1996 to Jul. 2006）

Source:http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/higai/higai1996-new.htmlSource:http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/higai/higai1996-new.html

magnitude

Depth(km)

Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

■ Kobe Earthquake - January 17,1995 ◆ Epicenter: beneath Kobe City ◆ Richter magnitude scale: 7.3 ◆ Fatalities : more than 6,000 ◆ Disruption of water supply : about 1.3

million households just after the disaster, the amount of damage reached about 56 billion JPY (460 million US$)

◆ Emergency restoration of water supply facilities : took about 3 months

Kobe EarthquakeKobe Earthquake- Jan 17,1995 -- Jan 17,1995 -

Damage to Water Pipes　→

（ φ８００ｍｍ）

←Damage to Buildings　 in

Kobe City

Kobe EarthquakeKobe Earthquake- Jan 17,1995 -- Jan 17,1995 -

Fires happened frequently, and a lot of houses were burnt down.

Kobe EarthquakeKobe Earthquake- Jan 17,1995 -- Jan 17,1995 -

The sixth floor of the city office was crushed.

Recent Major Earthquakes in Japan

■ The Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake - October 23, 2004 ◆ Epicenter: mountainous region ◆ Richter magnitude scale: 6.9 ◆ Fatalities : 40 ◆ Injuries : about 4,500 ◆ Disruption of water supply : about 130

thousand households ◆ Emergency restoration of water supply

facilities : took from 1 to 2 months

Damage to Small-scale Water

Supply Facility due to Landslide

The Mid Niigata Prefecture EarthquakeThe Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004 –- Oct 23, 2004 –

The Mid Niigata Prefecture EarthquakeThe Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004 –- Oct 23, 2004 –

Damage to water pipes under the ground

The Mid Niigata Prefecture EarthquakeThe Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake- Oct 23, 2004 -- Oct 23, 2004 -

Emergency Water Supply by Water Wagon

Damage to water treatment plants and distribution reservoirs

　・ Large plants and reservoirs were slightly damaged

　・ Small plants and reservoirs in the mountain area were seriously damaged by breakdown of surrounding ground. These were moved or sagged and their functions were crashed.

　・ Private electric generator for emergency didn’t start up immediately because of groundwater influx and damage to the peripheral pumps and equipments such as coolant water pumps.

　・ Antiseismic reinforced facilities were taken no damage.

Damage to water facilities at the Mid Damage to water facilities at the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquakeNiigata prefecture earthquake

Damage to pipe lines　・ The ratio of damage to pipe lines was less tha

n the Kobe earthquake.　・ The most damage hit the soft grounds, develo

ped lands banking area and slopes, which is the same tendency of the Kobe earthquake.

　・ The pipe lines in the mountain area were flown out with the slope and road failures.

　・ It was ascertained that antiearthquake measures to pipe lines and renewal of decrepit pipe lines based on the knowledge obtained by Kobe earthquake were effective.

Damage to water facilities at the Mid Damage to water facilities at the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquakeNiigata prefecture earthquake

Measures at the hardware sideMeasures at the hardware side Antiseismic reinforcement of water supply facilities

Create earthquake-resistance standards of facilities Development of promotion program to enhance earthq

uake safety to facilities Promotion of improvement to supply main medical cent

ers with quake proof water distributing pipes Urgent renewal of aging and weak pipelines

Securing of reservoir capacity at distributing reservoir → securing capacity for 12 hours

Installation of emergency cutoff valves Looping of pipe lines Multiplication of water resources Development of emergency water supply bases

Seismic damage Seismic damage depends on ground depends on ground

condition and peripheral condition and peripheral land formland form

Effective precaution for water supplyEffective precaution for water supply-Buildings--Buildings-

・・ It is important to select location of It is important to select location of facilities and foundation structure facilities and foundation structure cautiously.cautiously.

・・ Don’t select high groundwater level area, Don’t select high groundwater level area, steep slope and mounded lands.steep slope and mounded lands.

Effective precaution for water supplyEffective precaution for water supply-Pipe lines--Pipe lines-

・・ Use earthquake-resistant pipesUse earthquake-resistant pipes

Coated steel pipesCoated steel pipes

Ductile cast-iron pipes with earthquake-resistant joints

Polyethylene pipes with electric fusion Polyethylene pipes with electric fusion jointjoint

・・ Construct bypass and looped pipelinesConstruct bypass and looped pipelines

Cost-effectiveness analysis is necessary

Earthquake-resistant joint of Earthquake-resistant joint of Ductile Cast-Iron PipeDuctile Cast-Iron Pipe

Rate of earthquake-resistant waterworks facilities and pipelines

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

浄水場 配水池 基幹管路

耐震

化率

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Water treatment plants

Distribution reservoirs

Main pipelines

Emergency cut-off valvesEmergency cut-off valves

Emergency water supply bases

Emergency water supply bases in Tokyo

sourcesource ：： http://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/pp/suido/kyusui_point.htmhttp://www.waterworks.metro.tokyo.jp/pp/suido/kyusui_point.htm

Measures at the software sideMeasures at the software side Development of emergency water supply planning

- Securing of other water supply method and water resource and emergency water delivery route for residents

Cooperation agreement between waterworks　　 - Emergency supply and rehabilitation assistance

to the waterworks affected by earthquake from other unaffected waterworks

Cooperation with relevant institutions such as sewerage

　　 - Communicate information about influx to water resources from raw sewage and industrial wastewater

- Coordination of restoration of water supply and sewage line

Rescue operationRescue operation

Fast restoration

・ Information gathering

・ Emergency repair

・ Secure manpower and accept support from other waterworks

Enhancement of emergency water supply

・・ water supply water supply by transportby transport

・・ water supply water supply at base pointsat base points

Waterworks Vision (2004)

Waterworks VisionWaterworks Vision 　 Measures to Improve the Quality of the Future Water Supply Service (November 1990)

　 Long-Term Objectives for Development of the Water Supply Service for the 21st Century (Clean Water Supply Service) (June 1991)

　 Measures to Improve the Quality of the Future Water Supply Service (November 1990)　 Long-Term Objectives for Development of the Water Supply Service for the 21st

Century (Clean Water Supply Service) (June 1991)

Setting common goals among parties involved in the service

Defining future policy issues

Clarifying specific measures and actions to be taken

Setting common goals among parties involved in the service

Defining future policy issues

Clarifying specific measures and actions to be taken

Ideal Water Supply Service and Water Administration in the 21st Century

(Panel on Basic Issues Concerning Waterworks, July 1999) Ideal Water Supply Service and Water Administration in the 21st Century

(Panel on Basic Issues Concerning Waterworks, July 1999)

Partial Amendment to the Waterworks Law in 2001

Changing environment surrounding the water supply in Japan

Growing concerns over issues related to waterworks

Analysis and evaluation of the current and future prospects of the service

Analysis and evaluation of the current and future prospects of the service

Ideal water supply service in the future

1) SafetySupply people with safe and good-tasting tap water

2) StabilityA stable supply of water for domestic use anytime, anywhere

3) Sustainability• Strengthening the basis of

the water supply system taking local characteristics into account

• Preserving and developing practices and skills accumulated in the water supply service

• Improving the water supply service based on customer needs

4) EnvironmentContribute to environmental conservation

5) GlobalizationContribute to the world by transferring our experiences to other countries

1) SafetySupply people with safe and good-tasting tap water

2) StabilityA stable supply of water for domestic use anytime, anywhere

3) Sustainability• Strengthening the basis of

the water supply system taking local characteristics into account

• Preserving and developing practices and skills accumulated in the water supply service

• Improving the water supply service based on customer needs

4) EnvironmentContribute to environmental conservation

5) GlobalizationContribute to the world by transferring our experiences to other countries

(1) Strengthening the basis of the water supply system

(2) Ensuring a safe and convenient water supply

(3) Improving disaster prevention

(4) Improving environmental and energy measures

(5) International contributions in the water supply service through international cooperation

(1) Strengthening the basis of the water supply system

(2) Ensuring a safe and convenient water supply

(3) Improving disaster prevention

(4) Improving environmental and energy measures

(5) International contributions in the water supply service through international cooperation

Promotion of Promotion of measuresmeasuresWater supply

system that strives to be a leading playe

r in the world

Setting higher goals and making steady progress

Service that customers are always satisfied with and are willing to suppor

t

Providing a world-class service in vario

us contexts<Safety > < Stability >

< Sustainability >< Environment > < Globalization >

Water supply system that strives to be a leading playe

r in the world

Setting higher goals and making steady progress

Service that customers are always satisfied with and are willing to suppor

t

Providing a world-class service in vario

us contexts<Safety > < Stability >

< Sustainability >< Environment > < Globalization >

Ideal water supply Ideal water supply serviceservice Policy objectivesPolicy objectives

Thank you very much Thank you very much for for

your kind attention!your kind attention!