ASSLAM-O-ALAIKUM

Start with the name of Allah ,the most Beneficent

and most Merciful

ANTIBIOTICS

Presented By:Hina Mahmood

Supervisor: Dr. Shaukat Ali

Registration No. 2012-ag-1546

University of agriculture, Faisalabad

Definition Composition/structure Mechanism of action Application Advantages Disadvantages conclusion

Antibiotics :

Substance (such as penicillin) that destroys or inhibits the growth of other pathogenic microorganisms and is used in the treatment of external or internal infections.

Synthetic antibiotics:

PenicillinCephalosporinChloramphenicol VancomycinPolymycinBacitracin

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin)TetracyclineMacrolides

Clindamycin Streptogramins Fluoroquinolones 

(ciprofloxacillin) Metronidazole Rifampin Isoniazid Sulfonamides Trimethoprim

Synthetic antibiotics:general structure of penicillin

Members of penicillin class:

Penicilin G ampicillin,

penicilin v ticarcillin

Members of penicillin class: Cloxacillin amoxicillin

oxacillin, nafcillin

Member of Cephalosporin class

cefadroxil,cephalexin,

cefazolin, cephapirin

Classification of antibiotics : Antibiotics are classified several ways. On the basis of mechanism of action On the basis of spectrum of activity On the basis of mode of action

Chloramphenicol

Mechanism for the synthesis of Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol First isolated from Streptomyces Venezuelae Useful for eye infections Cause bone marrow depression Broad-spectrum antibiotic Interfering with bacterial protein synthesis bacteriostatic aplastic anemia Through oral route

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Do not use Antibiotics in viral disease

Viral diseases

diarrhea

FeverFlu or Cold

Pneumonia

Advantagestreat many diseasesselectively toxic to microorganismsfor treatment of cancerAlso used to treat infectious diseases in

animals to control bacteria and fungi that damage

fruit and grainas food preservativeshelp the body fight off infections or other

bacterial issues in some cases prevent, bacterial infections

Disadvantages

Can react with other medications Cause resistance Side effects

Antibiotics side effects:

DiarrhoeaBloating and indigestion Abdominal pain Loss of appetite Feeling sick Itchy skin rashCoughinglife-threatening allergic reaction

Unconsciousness of Patient

• Intake of antibiotic without proper direction

• Dosage intervals and completion of the dose.

•Patient stop the drug

when feel better.

What Is The Rules Of Pharmacist

The pharmacist should review: the previous diseases history.

Hypersensitivity reaction of Drug

Drug-drug interaction

Exact dose and frequency of the drug Timing of the drug.

Ending of the drug

My OpinionThe doctor should:

concern the disease.

concern the prescription of the drug

The pharmacist should be conscious:

about the dose

drug interaction

resistant

hypersensitivity of the drug .

The patient should:

strictly maintain the suggestion of the pharmacist.