antigens: types and features principles of antigen recognition by t and b cells antigen presenting...
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Antigens: types and features
Principles of antigen recognition by T and B cells
Antigen Presenting Cells
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ANTIGENS
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DEFINITIONS
Antigen
Immunogen
Hapten
Carrier
Epitope or antigenic determinant
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ANTIGEN
Molecule that binds antibody or T cell receptor
IMUNOGEN
antigen that induce immune response
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IMMUNOGENICITY
Depends on
characteristics of the immunogene
biological system
route of administration
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IMUNOGENICITY characteristics of the immunogene
Phylogenetic distance
Molecular size
Chemical composition and heterogeneity
proteins > carbohydrates, lipides, nucleic acids
Physical appearance
particulated > soluble
denatured > native
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IMUNOGENICITY characteristics of the biological system
Genetic bacground
– species
– individual
Age
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IMUNOGENICITY administration of the antigen
amount
optimal
route
subcutaneous > intravenous > peroral
adjuvant
substancee that stimulates immune
response to the antigen
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HAPTEN
small molecule that can not elicit an immune response by itself. It can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large molecule – carrier.
CARRIER
Macromolecule that enables induction of immune response directed to the attached hapten.
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ANTIGENIC DETERIMINANTE or EPITOPE
Part of the antigen that binds specific antibody or T-cell receptor
Antigenic determinantes of the proteins
linear
conformational
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aminoacidlinear determinant
conformational determinante
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Principles of antigen recognition by T- and B-lymphocytes
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Antigens recognized by B-lymphocytes are
Proteins (linear and conformational determinants), carbohydrates, nucleic acids etc.
Native and processed
Soluble and membrane
Antigens recognized by T-lymphocytes are
Peptides
Linear determinants
On the cell membrane within groove of self MHC molecule
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ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
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Figure 8-14
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Ralph Steinman
Dendritc cells
Nobel prize for medicine 2011
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