ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIHELMENTHIC ACTIVITY OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA

Under the guidance ofMr. P. KISHORE KUMAR

(Assistant Professor)

Presented by M. ANUSUJA13GD1R0028IV-I B. Pharmacy

INTRODUCTION

• Haritaki is widely used as medicinal plant in Ayurveda

• Natural cleanser of digestive system • Digestive tonic.

• Increases the motility of GIT.

• Used to prepare formulation of triphala

SYNONYMS:

Haritaki, Abhaya, Haimavati,Chetaki, Shiva, Rohini,Pathya, Putana.

TAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTIONTAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTION

Botanical name : Terminalia Chebula Family: Combretaceae Kingdom: Plantae Division: Phanerogam Subkingdom: Angiosperms Class: Monocotyledons Subclass: Epigynae Order: Scytaminiales Genus: Terminalia Species: Chebula

Botanical Description:

– A tree, 15-24 m high – Leaves ovate or elliptic with a pair of large glands at

the top of the petiole. – Flowers yellowish white, in terminal spikes – Drupes ellipsoidal, obovoid or ovoid, yellow to

orange- brown – Seeds hard, pale yellow.

Propagation and Cultivation:

It grows on variety of soils but thrives best in clay and sandy soils.

The fruits ripen from November to March depending upon the locality.

Mostly fallen fruits are collected in first half of January, they are dried and the seeds can be stored for one year.

The germination of seeds is low because of hard cover and seed requires pre-sowing treatment

The general growth of the plant is slow.

Macroscopic Studies:• Fruit yellowish – brown, ovoid, generally 20-35 mm

long, 13-25mm wide, wrinkled and ribbed longitudinally. Pericarp is fibrous, 3- 4 mm thick, non-adherent to the seed.

• Taste astringent.

Biological activity study:

The ethanolic extract of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) was investigated for the cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol (200mg/Kg sub-cutaneously) induced myocardial damage in rats.

Triphala, a combination of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis) in equal parts is evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in adjuvant induced right hind paw oedema in Swiss albino mice.

Substitutes and Adulterants:

• Terminalia citrineTerminalia citrine Roxb Roxb. ex Flem., found in the foothills of Himalayas from Nepal east words to Assam is also called Haritaki in Bengali language Terminalia chebulaTerminalia chebula and they are also used medicinally as those of T. chebulla .

AYURVEDIC PROPERTIES:

Rasa: Madhura, Amla, Katu, Tikta.

Guna: Laghu, Ruksha.

Virya: Ushna.

Vipaka: Madhura. Prabhava: Tridoshahara.

ACTION OF HARITAKI ACCORDING TO AYURVEDA:

o Deepaniya: Increases appetite.

o Brimhana: Nourishing.

o Grahi: Absorbs fluids from the intestine.

o Stanya shodhana: Purifies breast milk.

o Rechana: Purgative.

o Medhya: lmproves intellect.

Test plant and its extraction:

The dried powder of Terminalia chebula was collected from Holy Drugs, a local pharmaceutical company for indigenous medicine.

After chloroform extraction, the solid residue was dried at 40ºC overnight to remove residual chloroform.

The solid powder was resuspended in 40 ml ethyl acetate and kept at 25ºC for 12 h. Ethyl acetate extract was recovered following the same procedure as stated for chloroform ex-tract.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHEBULAANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHEBULA

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

• Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agent was determined in vitro by using the stan-dardized agar-disc diffusion method known as the Kirby Bauer.

• Four bacterial species, viz. E. coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp and Vibrio cholerae, collected from a local diagnostic centre were employed as test organisms together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• The cells were allowed to grow until they obtain the McFarland standard 0.5 (approximately 108 CFU/ml). For S. cerevisiae, sabaurouds dextrose broth (SDB) was used.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity:

• Plant material

• Preparation of extract

• Bacterial culture

• Bacterial susceptibility testing

ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA.

• Terminalia chebula Retz. (Harra) Is a plant of the family combertaceae, commonly called the king of medicine and is always listed in the Ayurveda (Anonymous, 2002).

• The tree is abundantly grown in North India at an altitude of 1000-3000 ft. It is used to treat digestive disease, urinary disease, heart disease, parasitic infection, fevers, flatulence, constipation, etc., and is an important constituent of triphala formulation (Dwivedi, 2004 and Dwivedi S et. al., 2007).

• The present study was undertaken to screen the antihelmintic activity of the fruits extracts of Terminalia chebula Retz.

MATERIALS & METHODS

• Collection of Plant Materials• Preparation of Extract • Experimental Model• Standard Drug • Antihelmenthic Investigation

CONCLUSION:

This is strongly concluded that it is possible to identify anti-microbial and anti-helmenthic

activity of hartaki churna at their generic level and future it will show a new pathway to identify

the new anti-microbial activity under herbal medicine category .

REFERENCE :1. Singh A.K. et al, Anti microbial and anti helminthic activity of

haritaki, Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, Vol. XXII,No.3-4 : 208-215.

2. Anonymous, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, New Delhi, published by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Part – I, Vol – I : 47

3. Bhaumik T. et al, Chemical investigation of Terminalia chebula Retz., Bulletin of Medico Ethno-botanical Research, 1989; 10 : 190-192.

4. Anonymous, Database of Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda, New Delhi, published by Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences(CCRAS),2008, Vol – III : 282.

5. Dahanukar SA. et al, Cyto protective effect of Terminalia chebula and Asparagus racemosus on gastric mucosa, Indian Drugs, 1983;20 : 442 – 445.

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