antimicrobial compounds antiseptics and disinfectants antibiotics
TRANSCRIPT
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Antimicrobial compounds
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Antibiotics
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Bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic
Bactericidal compounds - kill microorganisms
Bacteriostatic compounds - inhibit or slow growth
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Factors influencing effectiveness
Metabolic rate of microorganism
Distribution of drug in body
Side effects
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Antiseptics and disinfectants
Most are bactericidal
Too toxic for internal use
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Antiseptics and disinfectants
Antiseptics - applied to skin
Disinfectants - applied to inanimate objects
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Antibiotics
Low molecular weight compounds ingested or injected into the body
Produced by bacteria or fungi
Some are synthetic
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Antibiotics
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Antibiotics
Broad spectrum of activity
Active against many different bacteria
May also attack normal microbiota
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Spectrum of activity
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Antibiotics
Targets of action
Not present in eukaryotic cells
Different from same molecule in eukaryotic cells
“Magic bullets”
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Targets of action
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis
- lactam antibiotics (e.g. pencillins)
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- lactam antibiotics
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis
- lactam antibiotics (e.g. pencillins)
Glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis
- lactam antibiotics (e.g. pencillins)
Glycopeptides (e.g. vancomycin)
Phosphomycin and bacitracin (topical use)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Aminogylcosides (e.g. streptomycin)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Aminogylcosides (e.g. streptomycin)
Tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Aminogylcosides (e.g. streptomycin)
Tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline)
Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Aminogylcosides (e.g. streptomycin)
Tetracyclines (e.g. tetracycline)
Macrolides (e.g. erythromycin)
Lincosamides (e.g. clindamycin)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones - inhibit DNA synthesis (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones - inhibit DNA synthesis (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
Rifampin - inhibits RNA synthesis
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones - inhibit DNA synthesis (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
Rifampin - inhibits RNA synthesis
Trimethoprim and sulfonamides - inhibit enzymes in synthesis pathway
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Classes of antibiotics and mechanisms of action
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Metronidazole - inhibits DNA synthesis
Must be activated by bacterial protein
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Newest antibiotics
Glycyl-glycyl tetracycline
Ketolides (macrolide derivative)
Streptogramins - inhibit protein synthesis
Oxazolidinones - inhibit protein synthesis
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