SHIV VARAN SINGH

VBM(M.V.Sc)

M-5547

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT:A COMLPEX ISSUE

WHY RESISTANCE IS A CONCERN

• Resistant organisms lead to treatment failure

• Increased mortality

• Resistant bacteria may spread in Community

• Low level resistance can go undetected

• Added burden on healthcare costs

• Threatens to return to pre-antibiotic era

• Selection pressure

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE MECHANISM

Intrinsic (Natural) Acquired

Genetic Methods

Chromosomal Methods Mutations

Extra chromosomal Methods Plasmids

INTERACTION OF BACTERIAWITH ANTIBIOTICS

ORIGIN OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANCE DETERMINANTS

Animal pathogen

RESISTANCE TO ANANTIBIOTIC CAN BE ACQUIRED

SELECTION OF A RESISTANTBACTERIAL POPULATION

• PRE-EXISTING SELECTION(RESISTOME)

• MUTANT ONE SELECTED(SUBSISTOME)

• CONCENTRATION BASIS

DISSEMINATION OF BACTERIA

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE APPROPRIATE USE OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN ANIMAL HEALTH

• Veterinary Curriculum

• State-based Interventions

Strategy of ContainmentAntibiotic Resistance

Evolutionary Process

Faulty Use of Antibiotics

Hospital Environmental

Empirical Use Definitive Use

Community Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Hospital Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Use of antimicrobials before pathogen responsible for a particular illness or the susceptibility to a particular antimicrobial is known

HOW THE COMPLEXITYOF THE RESISTANCE PROBLEM DEDUCED

Do not use Faulty Antimicrobial Antimicrobial warranted or not

What are etiological agents? Definitive treatment

One OR In combination What can we do?