Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders

Fear of real or imagined dangerOut of proportion to the

situation19 million Americans (c. 2001)Personal inadequacy,

avoidance, mood swings

TypesTypes

General anxiety disorder– Continual, vague apprehension– Trap themselves in a cycle of worry

Phobic disorder– Fear focused on an object, situation or

person– Specific or social (speaking, eating…)– Hemophobia, acrophobia,

logizmechanophobia

Panic disorder– Sudden, helpless, terror of inevitable doom– Attacks range from minutes to over an hour

OCD– Anxious thoughts + repeated coping

behaviors– Problem when it interferes with what you

need to do– Possible genetic basis

Post Traumatic Stress disorder–Severe, long lasting effects of an event–Military vets, war victims, natural

disaster victims, violent crime victims–Flashbacks, nightmares– Insomnia, guilt

Somatoform & Somatoform & Dissociative Dissociative

DisordersDisorders

SomatoformSomatoform

Physical symptoms brought on due to psychological distress

No apparent physical cause“Hysteria”

Conversion disorders (rare)–Emotional difficulty creating loss of

physiological functions–Loss of movement or speech

Hypochondriasis– Imaginary ailments–Looks for signs, misinterprets–Repressed emotions expressed with

physical symptoms

Dissociative (rare)Dissociative (rare)Normal = lost in a daydreamDis. Amnesia

– Memory loss w/o biological explanation– Attempt to escape or block out traumatic events

Dis. Fugue– Amnesia + flight to a diff. environment– last from days to decades– New identity possibly est.– Escape from conflict

Dis. Identity Disorder– (multiple personality disorder)– Eve (22), Sybil (16)– 2 or more separate and distinct identities– May or may not be aware of each other– Common cause is severe abuse at a

young age

Schizophrenia & Schizophrenia & Mood DisordersMood Disorders

SchizophreniaSchizophreniaAffects the working memoryRandom, unrelated thoughts & sentencesDelusions, hallucinationsIncoherenceDisturbances of affect (inappropriate

emotions for the situation)Deterioration in movement, functioning, &

diverted attention

TypesTypes

Paranoid (grandeur or persecution)

Catatonic

DisorganizedRemissionUndifferentiated

CausesCauses

Genetics (psych’s unable to pinpoint details)

Chemical imbalances

Poor family relationships and interactions

Mood disorders (intense & Mood disorders (intense & long lasting)long lasting)

Major depressive disorder– Markers = issues eating, sleeping, thinking,

concentrating, decision making, lacking energy, thoughts of suicide, feelings of guilt or worthlessness

– Need 4 of the above– Reduced ability to function & interact

Bipolar disorder– Excessively & inappropriately happy or

unhappy–Manic

High energy, loud, optimistic, irresponsible

–DepressiveLethargy, despair and unresponsiveness

Seasonal AffectiveSeasonal Affective

Become depressive in response to seasonal changes

Sleep & eat excessivelyLinked to increase in melotonin

Suicide & depressionSuicide & depression

Not always linked1 suicide every 20 minutes Attempts higher in womenSuccess higher in menMore common in elderlyMany times cause is unknown

Personality Personality DisordersDisorders

Antisocial– Disregard of others

w/o remorseDependent

– Submissive, needyHistrionic

– Excessive emotions, attention seeking

Obsessive Compulsive– “perfectionist”,

control, orderlyParanoid

– Distrusts, suspicious of others

Schizotypal– Intense discomfort

in close relationships, eccentric behavior

Drug AddictionDrug Addiction

Psychological dependence– Restless, irritable, uneasy– M.j., alcohol, nicotine, cocaine,

amphetamines– Leads to physiological dependence– Tolerance increases usage– Withdrawal: mind & body revolt against

lack of drug

AlcoholismAlcoholismDepressant50% of h.s. seniors in the last month40% of auto deaths, murdersReduces inhibitionsSystematically shuts down psych & phsyio

functionsFactors: size, past experience, speed, family

history