any living thing is an organism. · biotic vs. abiotic factors biotic abiotic all of the living...
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• Any living thing is an organism.
2. The ability to
3. The ability to
4. The ability to
5. The ability to
(If it does not have all of the above
than it is not considered living.)
• List five necessities (things you cannot
live without)
Share your list with the person next to
you. Between the two of you decide
which five from your list are the most
important.
Yours might be…For all Living
Things …
• Cell phone
• Friends
• Family
• Clothes
• Food??
Example - Your home:
• Food & Water = Kitchen
• Shelter = Roof & Walls
• Light = Sun & Electricity
• Oxygen= Air & Air Vents
Why do different organisms live in
different habitats?
Organisms live in different
habitats because they have
different requirements for
survival.
Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors
Biotic Abiotic
All of the living
things in an
ecosystem
Example – plants,
animals, bacteria
All of the non-
living things in
an ecosystem.
Example – dirt,
sun, wind, snow,
water, etc.
Food, shelter, water, sunlight, and
oxygen.
Any living thing is an organism.
• Biotic and
abiotic factors
go together.
• Organisms
interact with
abiotic factors
to survive.
• First, identify the type of factor by writing its name under the label abiotic or biotic.
• Write a short description explaining how four of the factors interact with one another on the lines below.
1. Nocturnal thing 3. Non-living
thing
2. Living thing 4. Organism
Types of ecosystems that are similar
across the planet.
• Tropical Rainforest
•Warm all year
•Rain all year (200-450cm)
• Organisms:
Orangutans, Chimps,
Toucans
• Temperate Rainforest
•Cool winter
•Warm summer
•Rain all year (75-150cm)
• Organisms : deer,
foxes
Desert• Usually hot with daily
extremes
•Temp. drops more than 20 degrees at night
•Dry all year (less than
25cm)
•Organisms: Coyotes, cacti, bats
Tundra• Cold all year
•Dry all year (less than 25cm)
• Permafrost – frozen ground
•Organisms: mosses, polar
bears
Deciduous• Warm Summers; cool
winters
•Moderate rainfall (30 –
60cm)
• Leaves change color
•Organisms: red fox,
squirrels, raccoons
Taiga (Boreal)
• Warm to cool
•Cold in winter
•Abundant rain and
snow (30 – 60cm)
•Organisms: lynx,
coniferous trees
• Temperatures vary
throughout the year
•Mostly dry with a wet
season (50 – 90 cm)
•Organisms: quail,
pica, bison, foxes
•Rivers, streams, lakes,
ponds
•Estuaries = where rivers
meet oceans
• Freshwater and salt
water mix
(Marshes and wetlands)
• Costal ocean, open
ocean, deep oceans
• Beaches are included
•Tide pools
Organisms depend on
which part of ocean
they live
How energy travels
• passed from one organism
to another by eating
•lost by heat
•enters by sunlight
(photosynthesis)
•Three roles: Producer,
Consumer, Decomposer
• Make their own food by photosynthesis
•Plants, algae, bacteria
• CO2 + H2O + SUNLIGHT = O2 + SUGARS
Obtain energy from eating
others
• Three types:
•Herbivores – eat plants only
•Carnivores – eat only animals
• Scavengers – carnivores that
eat dead animals others kill
•Omnivores – eat both plants
and animals
• Break down wastes and dead organisms
• Includes: mushrooms, some bacteria,
maggots
• Always starts with the
sun
• Then a producer (plant)
• Then a herbivore (1st
consumer)
• Next, a carnivore (2nd
consumer)
• Each level gets 10% of
energy remaining
Producers
Consumers
Decomposer
• Use the list of organisms given to you
• Organize them into a food web
• Draw a sketch of each organism and
color the sketches
• Use arrows to show energy transfer
• Indicate which organisms are producers,
consumers, or decomposers
•Also, label consumers as herbivores,
carnivores, or omnivores
Requirements Excellent (5) Present (3) None (0)
Title
Energy Arrows (show
transfer correctly)
Energy Role Labels
(producers, consumers,
decomposers)
Consumer Labels
(herbivores, carnivores,
scavengers, omnivores)
Illustrations
Key (easy to read)
Color/Neatness
•What is the original source of
energy in most ecosystems?
•The sun (sunlight). A few
exceptions are the bottom of
the oceans and caves.
Sorting out life
• Organism – Any living thing.
• Individual – One single organism.
• Species – One kind of organism.
• Population – All the individuals of one kind in
one area.
• Community – All the interacting species in one
area.
• Ecosystem – Abiotic and biotic factors living in
one area.
• Biotic - living Abiotic - Non-living
You will now work with your table in groups of
three to sort the cards given to you into
categories. (create stacks using the labels in
the bag.)
How organisms interact
using adaptations.
1) Competition – fighting for
resources
2) Predation- hunting for food
3) Symbiosis – close beneficial
connection
Competition Predation
•Adaptations = result
• developing
“specialized”
structures or
conditions that aide
in survival
•Reduce competition
•allowing for more
variation
• Predator – adapts to
help catch prey
• Prey – adapts to
blend in or scare
predators away
Niche – the role an
organism plays
EX. Sea turtle in ocean
as prey
1) False coloring – has
similar colors to another
organism
2) Mimicry – looks like
another organism
3) Camouflage – blends in
with surroundings
1) Warning colors –bright colors to scare
2) Protective Coverings – a shell protects
• Behavioral Adaptations = when organisms change their behavior
• Ex. Meerkats have sentries to warn of predators nearby.
Remember:
adaptations
help an
organism obtain
the five
necessities for
life.
Deep Ocean
• Sea spider
• Featherlike legs keep from
sinking and trap food
• Sawtooth eel
• Hangs upright to sneak up on
prey
• Dumbo octopus
• Flaps fins to move preserving
energy
• Vampire squid
• Confuses predators with
bioluminescent bacteria lights
Tundra
• Polar bear
• Paw width helps to swim
• Claws obtain
food/protection
• Teeth protect
• Cunning/strength protect
and get food
• Walrus
• Tusks protect
• Thick hide protection
• Herd together protection
• Powerful muscles
• Mutualism – both organisms benefit
•Ex. Bee and flowers
• Commensalism – one organism benefits, the other is unharmed
•Ex. Sharks and rays
• Parasitism – One organism benefits, the other is harmed
•Ex. Tick (parasite), dog (host)
Commensalism
• Slime mold
•Helps to remove dead and decaying organisms does not harm
Parasitism
• Ants/fungi
•Kills ants feeds the fungi
•Keeps insect populations under control (limiting factor)
Mutualism
•Pitcher plant/red crab spider
• Plant traps prey with waxy sides and water
• Spider shares prey with plant
Commensalism – the clownfish gets shelter,
the anemone is not harmed or helped.
Clownfish - Anemone
Human introduced non-
native species that have
taken over
• Species introduced by humans
to an area that they don’t
belong in
• Example – Kudzu plant – US
(southern states)
• Origin – Japan – transported
with plants
• Ruin composition of soil
preventing forest regrowth
•News clip
• What is an invasive
species?
• Why are invasive
species a problem?
• What can we do to
protect our
environment from
future invasive
species?Pets released
How ecosystems change over
time.
You and your team will attempt to complete a
puzzle inside the space designated as fast as
possible.
•You must stay inside the space.
•You must avoid touching others
•You must be a good sport
Be ready to discuss the results with the class.
• Births
• Deaths
•Immigration –
Moving into an area
•Emigration- moving
out of an area
emigrate immigrate
Limiting Factors – anything that prevents a
population from getting too large
Abiotic
•water
• weather
•space
• natural disaster
Biotic
• food
• competition
• disease
Carrying Capacity - The largest amount of a
population that an environment can support.
• Without limiting factors, populations
can grow to numerous amounts. They
can get so big that their habitats will
no longer be able to support their
numbers.