a.o Κανόνες Ονοματολογία Ασκήσεις
DESCRIPTION
ΧΗΜΕΙΑ Α ΛΥΚTRANSCRIPT
. , () , . ( ) . . : . ... (C1H2)v . () . . ... 2, 3, 4 ... C3H61 .* 2. . . ( ) ... H2O2 H-O-O-H , CO2 O=C=O , H-C-H .. (C1H2)v =3.2 .
O ... C2H6O H H H H I I I I H-C-C-O-H H-C-O-C-H I I I I H H H H .O . .O . . .
H .
(..). 3 :. () . , .. Na +1 Cl -1
3 - . Ca .. +2 Cl -1 . .. -1,
. .. , , .
, .: .. +1 -2 . O2F .. F -1 +2. , .. 0. : .. : .. +1 -1 .
III. (I) (II).
. Na +1 (OH) -1. - .. -2 +1.
.
..
.
1 .. -4 +7.2 , ( ..e, Fe, 2, O2, O3 ...) ..=0.3 , .. 3 .. K, Na (1 ) ..=+1 3 .. Ca, Mg (2 ) ..=+24 , .. 4 .. -1 4 .. +1 , .. -1 4 .. -2 , ( ---) .. -1 F (O2F) .. +25 5 .. . 5 .. .6 ..
..
H2SO4 () ..=+1 ( 4 ), () ..=-2 ( 4 ). .. (S) x, : 2 (+1) + x + 4 (-2) = 0 ( 5) .. S: x=+6. () CaOCl2 Cl ..=-1 ..=+1 ( 6) Mn4- () ..=-2 ( 4). .. () x : x + 4 (-2) = -1 ( 5) .. Mn: x=+7.
.
, . . . , - . . Na2
(Na+1) (21-) . . , , , 4. . . 2 2 .
.
. . .: NO2 NaNO2 NO2 HNO2 , () .. -2 (N) .. +3. .. (+3) + 2(-2)= -1 .
( ). () , . .
* .. SO42- , 3- ... . , . . 1- .
: / ( ) ... . ... ... , ... ... (' ) .
. ( ): . ' 5 . .. : ... ... ... ...
.
. . : ( ) . () + () - + . .. ( ) , .
. ( ) .
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry- ) - . IUPAC , . .. NaCl , HNO3 aqua forte ( ).
. - S.Arrhenius : ( Arrhenius) , (+)... : HCl + + Cl-
Arrhenius . + 3+.: :HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl : HClH+ + Cl-
6 Arrhenius x- : 1. : F1- , Cl1- , Br1- , I1- S2- CN-2. . . . . . . .
.
() IUPAC
HFHCNH2S- + -
.3H2SO42 + , + ,
: HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H2S HCN , . . . . . . HCl (aq)7 , H2S (aq) .
6O . -COOH .. CH3-COOH ( ) : HF, , HBr , , 2S , HCN : HNO3 , H2SO4 , HClO4: 34, 33, H3ASO4 , 33 : H2C3 C2 + 2, H2S3 S2 + H20 : .
. Arrhenius - . Arrhenius : : Arrhenius () = : : NaOH , KOH , Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2 : . NaOH 2 > Na++ OH-, Ca(OH)2 2 > Ca+2+ 2- 3 3 , () ( -), :3 + 2 4+ +-
.
() + IUPAC +
()NaOH
Ca(OH)2
Al(OH)3
3 (aq) .4 - . + ( ), -. 1> KOH a , . 2> Ba(OH)2 , Ca(OH)2 , . 3> .. .. . . . Fe(OH)3 :
( ) (). : - .
1. F , Cl , Br , I , S CN2. . . . . . . . + : + 4+1 .O
() IUPAC
NaFCa(CN)2K2S - + + -
3CaSO4a33 + , , + ,
1> .. .. .. FeCl3 . .
> .. . .. FeCl3 : .
2> . .. PCl3 : ,CS2 : .
> H, N, C , , , . CaH2 (),
Ca3N2 ,
AI4C3 ()
Ca2C4 ()
Mg3P2 .
> . : NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3
+ . .
.
() IUPAC
+ +
2AI2O3
Na2O
/2 CO
SO3 ()
1> .. . . . Cu1+ : , 2. 2> .. .. .. . FeO : II > .. . .. Fe2O3 :
:2 (.. +1),3 (.. +6), (.. +2),24 (.. +4),2 (.. +4), 25 (.. 5),23 (.. +3),27 (.. +7).
: (---) ..=-1. : H2O2 : , BaO2 : .
1) (..) ;2) .. ;3) .. :CH4K2Cr2O7K2CrO4H2SNO3-H2O2
KClO4K2SO3KMnO4SnCl4NH4+Cr2(SO3)3
K2MnO4H3PO4Ca(H2PO3)2CaOCl2H2SO4Fe3O4
4)
HClHNO3 H2SHCNH2SO3
H2SO4HClO HBrO3HClO4HF
5) :Ca(OH)2 NaOHBa(OH)2Hg(OH)2 CuOH
6) :Al(NO3)3 K2MnO4 KCl HgF NaCNCr2(SO3)3 ZnS Ag2S AI(PO4)3 CaCl2
7) :Ca(HSO4)2 Na2HPO4 Zn(HS)2 aH2PO4 Ca(H2PO4)2
8) :CO2K2OCaOSO3 CO
SnOCl2O7BaO2Fe3O4 N2O
9) :
10) : 11) : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
12) : .
13) :
14) :