“Isolation and identification of Soil mycoflora withspecial reference to Ceratocystis fimbriata indecline affected mango orchards of Multan,

Pakistan”

1Asif Mahmood Arif, 1Munawar Raza Kazmi, 1Faisal Sohail Fateh, 1Iftikhar Ahmad, 2Inam-ul-Haq

1National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 2Univeristy of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi.

Contents

Introduction Objective Materials and methods Results and discussions Conclusion Way forward

INTRODUCTION

Mango

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most popularfruit due to its taste and nutritional contents. Itbelongs to the family Anacardiaceae.

In Pakistan, mango stands second in area andproduction after citrus.

Only mango export is 1,27,000 tonnes with a value of 6.2 million US dollars in 2009-10

It contributes 24% to GDP.

Mango as foreign exchange earning crop.

Mango is grown on area of 198380 hec. withproduction of 1845528 tonnes.

Mango Sudden Death Malformation

Powdery Mildew Anthracnose

Common Diseases

Among several diseases, mango decline is the most important malady.

The symptoms of decline are leaf drooping, bark splitting, stem canker and stem gummosis

Objectives

To have inventory of soil mycoflora of mango orchards in Multan in general.

To check the presence of ceratocystis fimbriata in soil of the orchards in particular.

To check the role of ceratocystis fimbriata for causing mortality alone.

INDIA

N

SINDH

30o 00 N, 70o 00 E

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Survey & Sampling:

Disrtict Surveyed

Multan

IsolationSerial Soil dilution method.

IdentificationThe identification was made on the basis of morphological characters(colony characteristics, mycelial growth and presence of conidia).

Determination of Fungal Frequencies

Frequency (%) = No. of colonies of a particular fungus 100Total no. of colonies

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

C. fimbriata 62.66%, F. solani 20%, B. theobromae 12%,Alternaria alternata 2.66% , Aspergillus Sp. 2.66% .

Fig. 1. Fungal frequency (%) isolated from soil of decline affected mango orchards

Fig. B Botryodiplodia theobromae Fig. A. Conidia and conidiophoresof C. fimbriata

Fig. C. Fusarium solani Fig. D. Alternaria alternata

Pathogenicity test

Soil drenching method

S. No Fungi Symptoms

1 C. fimbriata Leaf drooping, bark splitting, stem canker, stem gummosis

2 B. theobromae Leaf drooping

3 F. solani Leaf drooping & bark splitting

4 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae Leaf drooping, Bark splitting and stem canker

5 C. fimbriata+ F. solani Leaf drooping, Bark splitting and stem canker

6 B. theobromae+ F. solani Leaf drooping & bark splitting

7 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae+ F. solani Leaf drooping, bark splitting, stem canker, stem gummosis

Pathogenicity Results(Injured Roots)

S. No Isolated Fungi Symptoms

1 C. fimbriata Salt injury, gummosis

2 B. theobromae No Symptoms

3 F. solani Stem gummosis

4 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae Salt injury

5 C. fimbriata+ F. solani Gummosis

6 B. theobromae+ F. solani No symptoms

7 C. fimbriata+B. theobromae+ F. solani Gummosis

Pathogenicity Results(Non-injured Roots)

Re-isolation

Except B. theobromae the fungus C. fimbriata and F. solani were re-isolated from the diseased mango plants. Hence, proved the association ofC. fimbriata alone and with combination to F. solani in mango declinedisease.

This study proved that fungus C. fimbriataremains in the soil and on injury it enterthrough the wounds and cause decline.

Conclusion

Way Forward

Adoption of high efficiency irrigation system.

Need to increase fertility of soil.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

This part of study was done under ASLP Mango Project“Development of integrated crop management practices toincrease sustainable yield and quality of mangoes in Pakistanand Australia” funded by Aus-Aid through ACIAR Govt. ofAustralia.

QUESTIONS

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Slide Number 1��“Isolation and identification of Soil mycoflora with special reference to Ceratocystis fimbriata in decline affected mango orchards of Multan, Pakistan” ��Contents � INTRODUCTION�Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17�Way Forward� ACKNOWLEGEMENTS�Slide Number 21QUESTIONS