70

The prosperity and better living of the people dwelling in an area completely

depends upon the geographical, demographical, socio-economic ecological and

environmental conditions, besides employment opportunities available in that area.

Nature affords the people both positive and negative impacts. Whenever nature exhibits

its wrath through natural calamities, such as, erratic rainfall, cyclones, floods, drought,

famine etc people experience inevitably adverse effect. When the people utterly devoid

of livelihood they have no alternative other than migrating to other places, in search of

livelihood.

Hence, in this regard, the examine and analyse the demographical, ecological

and socio-economic factors that compelled people of Mahaboobnagar district to move

away from their native places, is essentially needed to study and assess the profile of the

Mahaboobnagar district.

3.1 PHYSICAL ASPECTS

3.1.1 General Features :

The district derived its name after Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, the Nizam of

Hyderabad, which is the name of district head quarters itself. It is located between 160

and 170 N. latitudes and 770 and 790 E. longitudes. It is bounded on the north by

Rangareddy and Nalgonda districts, on the east by Nalgonda and Guntur districts, on

the south by the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra and on the west by Raichur and

Gulbarga districts of Karnataka State. The area of the districts is 18.432 sq.kms. The

total population of the district according to the 2001 census count is 35.1 lacs consisting

of 17.8 lakh male and 17.3 lakh female.

The district may be physiographically divided into more or less two distinct

regions, the plains region with low lying scattered hills and the extensive Amnarabad-

Farhabad plateau, a continuous range of hills of an average elevation of about 800

meters extending more or less east-west along the Krishna river on the southern

boundary of the district. The hill range is interspersed by several deep valleys which are

almost inaccessible from the plains.

“Men are the sport of circumstances, when the circumstances seem the sport of men”.

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3.1.2 Hills :

The district is comparatively elevated in the north and west and a gradual

decline is noticed in the altitude from the north-west to the south-east. There are hill

ranges in the south-east of the district extending from north to south of Achampet taluk

consisting of flat-topped hills. These skills appear as though they are piled one above

the other.

3.1.3 Rivers :

Two important rivers viz., the Krishna and the Tungabhadra flow through the

district. The Krishna river enters Andhra Pradesh at Makthal taluk of this district and

covers Makthal, Gadwal, Atmakur, Wanaprthi, Kollapur, Alampur and Achampet

Taluks. The Tungabhadra flows through the taluks of Gadwal and Alampur. The Dindi

river, which is a tributary of the Krishna flows through Kalvakurthi and Atchampet and

joins the Krishna river, 18 miles east of Chandragiri, Pedavagu and Chinavagu are the

other tributaries of the Krishna in the district.

3.2.4 Climate :

The climate of the district is generally hot. The average maximum temperature

in the summer months generally varies between 900 to 1000C. The year may be broadly

divided into four seasons. The summer season starts by about the middle of February

and continuous upto the first week of June. The south-west monsoon season follows and

extends upto end of September, October and November constitute the post-monsoon or

the retreating monsoon season.

3.1.5 Rainfall :

The average annual rainfall in the district is 560 mm. The rainfall increases from

the south to the north in the district. The rainfall in the season accounts for 77 per cent

of the annual rainfall, September being the rainiest month, the district gets some rain in

the post monsoon months also.

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3.1.6 Soils :

The major soil group is red earth, comprising loamy sands (dubba), sandy loams

(chalka) and sandy clay loams. Black soils, mostly of clayed loams and deep clays

occur as narrow strips along side the banks of the Krishna and Tungabhadra and the

natural streams and streamlets. The loamy sands are brown to red in colour and poor in

fertility. The sandy loams occur on sloping terrains with good surface drainage. These

soils, in general, are non-saline and non-alkaline. Clayed loams and clays are found in

appreciable extent in Alampur and Gadwal taluks and also in patches in Kodangal,

Makthal, Kollapur and Atmakur taluks. They are dark-grey brown to dark-grey in

colour and are slowly permeable and poorly drained.

3.1.7 Flora :

The forests in this district are known to contain timber trees like bijasal

(pterocarpus marsupiun), Nalla maddi (terminalia tomentosa), Eppa (Hardwickia

binata), ebony, teak, babul (Acacia Arabica), mango and tamarind. The forest consists

of brushwood, tarvar (cassia auriculata) and other plants used for fuel.

3.1.8 Fauna :

Wild life fairly abundant in the inaccessible plateau regions of Amarabad and

Farhabad. But due to indiscriminate shooting in the past, much of the wild life has been

reduced. Some of the wild animals found in Mahaboobnagar forests are tigers (felis

tigris), Panther (Felis paradus), Wild dog (cuon aplipinus) and hyaena (Hyaena hyaena)

and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus).

Of the herbivorous animals, spotted deer (cervus axis), Nilgai (Boselphus

tragocamelus), Sambar (cervus unicolur), black buck (antelopecervicapra), Chinkara

wild goat, porcupine and wild boar are common.

Of the winged game, spotted dove, ring dove, peafowl, red jungle fowl, brush

quail, green pigeon, partridge, common mallard, large whistling teal, grey duck etc., are

common.

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3.1.9 Changes in administrative units and component parts :

The district was for a long time not a homogeneous unit and its component parts

were ruled by various dynasties at different periods of time. The dynasties that held

sway over this district were the Satavahans, Western Chalukyas of Badami,

Rashtrakutas, Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, Kakatiyas, Rayas of Vijayanagar,

Bahmanis, Adil shahis of Bijapur, Qutb Shahis, Mughals and Asaf Jahis besides the

local rulers, namely, the Kandur Telugu Cholas, Gona Chiefs and Zamindars of

Gadwal, Wanaparthi, Jadcherla (Jedcherla), Amarchinta and Gurkunta (Gurgunta). The

district was originally known as Nagar Kurnool district having been created with eight

taluks in 1870 A.D. For the sake of administrative convenience the number of taluks

was increased in 1881 A.D. to ten, namely Mahaboobnagar, Jadcherla, Ibrahimpatnam,

Kalvakurthi, Amarabad (Amrabad) Nagarkurnool, Makthal, Narayanpet, Koikonda and

Pargi. The headquarters of the district was shifted from Nagarkurnool to

Mahaboobnagar in A.D. 1883 owing to administrative exigencies. In the year 1905,

Ibrahimpatnam taluk was transferred to Medak district and 73 villages from Koilkonda,

Narayanapet and Makthal were made over to the adjoining taluks of Gulbarga district

(now in Karnataka State). Subsequently, Koilkonda and Jadcherla were merged in the

adjoining taluk of Mahaboobnagar and Narayanpet in Makthal leaving the district with

only six taluks. During the decade 1921-31, Amarchinta Samsthanam was merged with

Mahaboobnagar district and named as Atmakur taluk.

The district did not undergo any changes in jurisdiction till 1950 when the Jagirs

and Samsthanams were integrated resulting in the formation of Wanaprthi, Shadnagar

and Kollapur (formerly known as Jataproel) taluks in the district. Again in the year

1956, the district witnessed in the wake of the reorganization of states, numerous

changes in territorial jurisdiction by losing Pargi taluk to Hyderabad district and by

gaining the taluks of Alampur and Gadwal from Raichur district along with Kodangal

taluk from Gulbarga district. In 1958, the district lost Mandapur village of Kalvakurthi

taluk to Devarakonda taluk of Nalgonda district and in 1959 gained nine villages from

Chevella (Shahabad) taluk to Hyderebad district on account of their transfer to

Shadnagar taluk. At the time of 1961 and 1971 censuses the twelve taluks of

Mahaboobnagar district viz., Mahaboobnagar, Shadnagar, Kalvakurthi, Nagarkurnool,

Achampet, Kollapur, Gadwal, Alampur were divided into four revenue divisions with

Mahaboobnagar, Shadnagar and Kalvakurthi taluks, Nagarkurnool, Atchampet and

74

Kollapur taluks, Gadwal revenue division comprising of Gadwal. Alampur and

Wanaparthi taluks and Narayanpet revenue division comprising of Makthal, Kodangal

and Atmakur taluks.

3.2 Places of Tourist Interest :

3.2.1 Rangapur (Atchampet Mandal): Rangapur is situated at a distance of 110

kms. on the Mahaboobnagar – Amarabad bus route. This place attained religious

importance in the district owing to the existence of the famous Umamaheswara Shrine,

which is at a height of about 152 metres in the Srisailam range of hills. The style of

construction indicates that it belonged to the reign of the Chalukyas of Kalyani. The

archaeological findings reveal, that this place was an important Hindu religious centre

even in the seventh century A.D. The festival of Umamaheswara which is celebrated for

six days from Pushya Suddha Padyami (December-January) and Hazrat Niranjan Shah

Vali Urs which synchronises with the festival of Umamaheswara are largely attended.

3.2.2 Alampur (Alampur Mandal) : Alampur is situated at a distance of 10 kms.

from Alampur Road Railway Station on the Secunderabad-Dronachalam section of the

South Central Railway. This place is located on the banks of Tungabhadra and a large

number of antiquities belonging to the Chalukya period are found. This place is also

known as the western gateway to Srisailam temple and also as Dakshinakasi (Varanasi

of the South). The two groups of temples-Brahmeswara and Papanatha have made

Alampur a popular spot. The plans and decorations of these temples resemble the plans

and carvings of some of the rock cut temples of Western India. In a temple called, Nava

Brahmalaya, the idol of Bala Brahmeswara is resplendent and is supposed to be a

Jyotirlinga. An interesting feature here is that any quantity of water used for Abhisheka

goes inside and not a drop comes out.

The other shrines of this place are those of Siva, Narasimha, Surya, Mahishasura

Mardhani, Venkateswara, Kamakshi and Virabhadra. The Hindu festivals that attract a

large number of devotees are that of Bala Brahmeswara, Suryanarayana, Narasimha,

Virabhadra, Sangameswara of Jogulamba. A Muslim fort and Shah Ali Dargah of 17th

century are also in existence.

75

3.2.3 Borevelle (Alampur Mandal) : This village is situated at a distance of three

kilometers from Manyapadu Railway Station. An ancient fort constructed by eminent

architects with twenty bastions, seven entrances and a moat is a place of interest in the

village. The art and architecture of western Chalukyas can be seen in the exquisitely

sculptured temples at the place.

3.2.4 Narva (Atmakur Mandal) : This village lies at a distance of 22 kms. from

Atmakur and 32 kms. from Sriramnagar Railway Station. A fort with 12 bastions

belonging to the 16th century can be seen in the middle of the village. The bastions, a

Rangamahal and an Enugulasala (elephant stable) are in ruins. The places of worship

include the shrine of Venkateswara, Siva and Sanjivaraya.

3.2.5 Gadwal (Gadwal Mandal) : Gadwal is a town in between the rivers Krishna

and Tungabhadra and is noted for the harmonious co-existence of Andhra and Karnatic

cultures. A big fort with twenty-one bastions constructed by Sobhanadri is reminiscent

of the Chalukyan art.

Handloom weaving is an important industry of this place. Gadwal sarees are

noted for their exquisite silk and ‘Zari’ work and command a good market throughout

India. The temple of Chennakesava is held in great veneration. Brahmotsavam

celebrated in the honour of the deity is attended by a large number of devotees.

Dowlat Vali Urs, Mastan Vali Urs and Siddipasha Urs are the Muslim festivals

which attract devotees from other places also.

3.2.6 Maldakallu (Gadwal Mandal) : Maldakallu is at a distance of 18 kms. from

Gadwall Railway Station and lies on the Gadwal-Ieeja bus route. It is also known as

‘Girusachala Kshetram’. The Venkateswara coin in the temple is believed to be self-

manifest (Swayamvyaktam) and the Brahmotsavam is attended by a large number of

Hindu devotees.

3.2.7 Veldanda (Yeldanda) (Kalwakurthi Mandal) : This place is located at a

distance of 51 kms. from Jadcherla Railway station on the Hyderabad-Kalvakurthi bus

route. Some of the excavations revealed that this village existed about six centuries back

in a very prosperous condition. A crude water distribution system, a drainage, a

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dilapidated fort, a number of wells etc., which have been unearthed, are a proof of its

prosperity. The Yadavas of this place celebrate Srikrishna Jayanti with great pomp and

splendor.

3.2.8 Kosgi (Kosgi Mandal): Kosigi is a town situated at a distance of 13 kms. from

Kodangal. Kosigi was once famous for the handwoven cotton and silk cloth. The

rampants round the village which speak of its historical past, can be seen even today.

Handloom weaving is an important industry of Kosigi.

3.2.9 Pangal (Panugallu) (Kollapur Mandal) : Pangal is situated at a distance of 13

kms from Wanaparthi. It is an ancient place of historical importance. It is situated at a

height of about 548 meters above the mean sea level. A place of interest in the village is

the historical hill fort which is two and a half kilometers in length and one and a half

kilometers in breadth with seven walls, seven towers and a citadel called ‘Bala Hissar’

in the centre. The village is also known as Qila Pangal. A number of ruined forts and

inscriptions can be seen on the hillocks even today. This village is believed to have been

associated with the famous Balanagamma Katha.

3.2.10 Koilkonda (Mahaboobnagar Mandal) : The village is situated at a distance of

about 22 kms. from Mahaboobnagar town. The place of interest here is the fort perched

on a hill, built by Koyadoras. Another building of interest at the village is an ‘Idgah’,

the ‘Quila Wall’ of which represents a queer style of Narasimha. Ramagiri

(Ramakonda) and the Dargah of Fatima Bi on the bill. About 8 Kms. from the village, a

medium size irrigation project called Koilsagar project has been constructed across the

Peddavagu, a minor tributary of the Krishna. The western stretch of the reservoir is

surrounded by high hills and renders it a picturesque scene. A small but beautiful guest

house exists on a small hillock at the extreme left flank of the dam.

3.2.11 Mahaboobnagar (Mahabob Nagar Mandal) : Mahaboobnagar town is about

96 kms. from Hyderabad city by road. It is the headquarters of the taluk, the revenue

division of the district by the same name. The important place of interest near

Mahaboobnagar is the famous banyan tree called ‘Pillalamarri’, which is about 3 kms.

from town. There is a shrine of a Muslim Saint under the tree. From a distance the tree

presents the appearance of a small hillock with green foliage but no reaching nearer, it

looks like a large green umbrella under which about a thousand people can easily take

77

shelter. The tree is a very old one and covers an area of about 3 acres. Mahaboobnagar

has good communication facilities to all the important places in and outside the district

both by rail and bus.

3.2.12 Manikonda (Mahaboobnagar Mandal) : Manikonda is situated at a distance

of 5 kms. from Manyamkonda railway station. The place was originally a thick forest

and the hill on which Lord Venkateswara, established himself was in the heart of the

forest. This shrine of Lakshmi Venkateswara is on a hill 915 m. high at a distance of

two kilometers from the village. The temple is ninety-one metres by twenty three metres

hewn out of a huge rock. Against the back wall appears the idol of Lord venkateswara

claimed to be ‘self-manifested’ resembling the idol at Tirupati. The Venkateswara

Brahmotsavam during January-February and the Alivelu Manga Tayaru Brahmotsavam

during February-March attract a large number of pilgrims.

3.2.13 Narayanpet (Makthal Mandal) : This town is situated at a distance of 26 kms.

from Makthal. Cotton handloom weaving and kambali weaving are the major industries

in this town. There are a number of temples at this place.

3.2.14 Jogammagudem (Shadnagar Mandal) : Jogammagudem is situated at a

distance of 5 kms. from Raikol (Rawikol) on the Hyderabad-Mahboobnagar bus route.

This village is considered as ‘Uttara Rameswaram’ on account of a big pond occupying

an area of about 1,674 sq. metres and a huge Sivalingam believed to be the biggest in

India.

3.2.15 Srirangapuram (Srirangapur) (Wanaparthi Mandal) : This village is a

situated at a distance of 24 kms. from Wanaparthi. The most important place of worship

in the village is the shrine of Ranganadha, situated a furlong away from the village on

an elevated place, surrounded practically on all sides by the waters of Rangasamudram

tank. People believe that the temple is as important as the one at Srirangam in the south.

Brahmotsavam celebrated from Phalguna Sudha Ashtami to Bahula Vidiya is an

important annual feature attracting many devotees.

78

3.2.16 Wanaparthi (Wanaparthi Mandal) : Wanaparthi is about 125 kms from

Hyderabad and 90 kms. from Kurnool on the Hyderabad-Kurnool bus route. The temple

of the place, the shrine of Vitthaleswara is an ancient and important one with the icon of

Panduranga Vithal resembling the one at Pandaripur in Maharastra State. There is a

polytechnic institute at this place. The Saralasagar project situated at about 6 kms. from

Wanaparthi road railway station, has been the biggest syphone dam in the world.

Source : Mahaboobnagar District Census Hand Book, Census.

79

3.3 POPULATION :

TABLE-3.1

Variation in Population 1901 to 2001-Mahaboobnagar District

Variation (+) Increase or (-) Decrease

Sl. No YearPopulation (Persons) No.of

PersonsPercentage

Density of Population Per Sq.Km.

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1901 856680 0 0 46

2 1911 1010657 153977 17.97 55

3 1921 987889 (-) 22768 2.25 53

4 1931 1174054 186165 18.84 64

5 1941 1308883 134829 11.48 71

6 1951 1447132 138249 10.56 78

7 1961 1590686 143554 9.92 86

8 1971 1932082 341396 21.46 105

9 1981 2444619 512537 26.53 133

10 1991 3077050 632431 25.87 167

11 2001 3513934 439884 14.20 191Source : Director, Census Operations-Hyderabad (2001)

Table 3.1 depicts the statistics of population during 20th century in

Mahaboobnagar district. In 1901 the population was 8,56,680 with a density of 46 per

sq.km. By 1911 it increased to 10,10,657 with density of 55 but decreased by 2.25

percent, i.e., 9,87,889 with density 53 per sq.km in 1921. In this way there was variation

between decade and decade upto 2001. As the statistics in this table shows, the

population reached to 35,13,934 having density of 191 per sq.km in 2001. It is

understood that the population in Mahaboobnagar had decreased only in the third

decade of 20th century.

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TABLE – 3.2

Category wise population in Mahaboobnagar District

Sl.No. Item 1991 2001Decennial Growth rate (1991-2001)

1 2 3 4 5

1 Population 30.77 35.14 14.20

2 Males 15.59 17.82 14.30

3 Females 15.17 17.32 14.174 No.of Females per 1000 Males 973 972 (-) 0.015 Rural Population 27.35 31.43 14.92

6 Urban Population 3.42 3.71 8.48

7 Literates 7.35 13.56 84.49

8 Main Workers 14.71 14.78 0.48

9 Non- Workers 15.32 16.92 10.44

10 0-6 years 5.92 5.28 (-) 10.81

11 Cultivators 5.86 5.56 (-) 5.12

12 Agri.Labourers 6.27 7.77 23.92

13 Density of Population 167 191 13.77

14 Schedules Castes 5.42 6.01 10.89

15 Scheduled Tribes 2.27 2.79 22.91Source : Director, Census Operations-Hyderabad (2001)

The statistics displays in Table 3.2 reveals the population in the last of decade of

20th century. Statistics has been divided as per sex, dwelling area, literacy status,

profession of the people and caste.

In the 9th decade the population of Mahaboobnagar district was 30.77 lacs and

increased with a growth rate of 14.20 by the last decade to 35.14 percent. In 1991 the

male population was 15.59 lacs which was increased to 147.82 lacs with 14.30 percent

of growth rate in 2001. Similarly the female population in 1991 was 15.17 lacs and

gained 14.17 percent of growth by 2001 with 17.32 lacs of female population. But the

male and female ratio was 1000:972-0.01 percent of declined growth rate in both of the

decades (1991 and 2001). There was 27.35 lacs of rural population in 1991 which

increased to 31.43 lacs with 14.92 percent of growth rate. Similarly the urban

population also had gained 8.48 percent of growth rate, which was 3.42 lacs in 1991 and

increased to 3.71 lacs by 2001.

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In 1991, there were 7.35 lacs of literates in Mahaboobnagar district and were

increased to 13.56 lacs with 84.49 percent of growth rate. Main workers accounted for

14.71 lacs in 1991 and there were just 0.48 percent of growth rate by 2001 with the total

of 14.78 lacs. So also the strength of the non-workers increased to 16.92 lacs by 2001

from 15.3 lacs in 1991 with 10.44 percent of growth rate. The population of 0-6 years

children was 5.92 lacs in 1991 but got declined in growth rate of-10.81 percent by 2001,

with 5.28 lacs in total.

Cultivators were 5.86 lacs in 1991 whose strength also decreased to 5.56 lacs in

2001 with declined growth rate of (-) 5.12 percent. Where as agricultural labourers were

increased from 6.27 lacs in 1991 to 7.77 lacs in 2001 with a growth rate of 23.92

percent. The density of population per sq.km was 167 in 1991 which was increased by

13.77 percent of growth rate reaching to the density of 191 per sq.km in 2001.

Scheduled caste population was 5.42 lacs and increased to 6.01 lacs by 2001 with 10.89

percent of growth rate. Similarly the population of scheduled tribes was also increased

from 2.27 lacs to 2.79 lacs with 22.91 percent of growth rate by 2001.

TABLE-3.3

Population of Towns and Cities-2001 Census

Population PercentageSl. No.

Name of the Town or City

Status1991 2001 Increase (+) Decrease (-)

1 2 3 4 5 6 71 Farooqnagar P 23565 34470 46.28 -2 Badepally P 25226 29829 18.25 -3 Mahaboobnagar M 116833 139662 19.54 -4 Nagarkunool P 18977 26157 37.84 -5 Gadwal M 40745 53560 31.45 -6 Narayanpet N.P 33519 37563 12.06 -7 Wanaparthy N.P 38862 50114 28.95 -

TOTAL 297727 371355 24.73Source : Population Census 2001.

The statistics shown in table 3.3 depicts the urban population or population in

towns and cities of Mahaboobnagar District. As per the census of 1991 and 2001 the

statistics have been calculated.

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As per 1991 census there was a population of 23,565 in Farooqnagar which was

increased to 34,470 by 2001 with a growth rate of 46.28 per cent. In Badepally the

population increased with a growth rate of 18.25 percent which was 25,226 in 1991 and

increased to 29,829 in 2001.

In Mahaboobnagar the population was 1,16,833 in 1991 and it was 1,39,662 in

2001. It acquired a growth rate of 19.54 percent. In Nagarkurnool the population gained

37.84 percent of growth rate in 2001, which reached to 26,157 in total from 18,977 in

1991. The population in Gadwal was 40,745 in 1991 which had achieved a growth rate

of 31.45 percent and reached to 53,560 by 2001. In Narayanapet the population was

increased to 37,563 by 2001 from 33,519 in 1991, with 12.06 percent of growth rate. In

Wanaparthy also the population achieved a growth rate of 28.95 percent with its 50,114

total population in 2001, which was 38,862 in 1991. It is observed that the highest

growth rate is graphed (seen) in Farooqnagar (46.28 per cent) and the least growth rate

is observed in Narayanapet (12.06 per cent).

Scheduled Castes-Scheduled Tribes in Population Mandal Wise-2001 Census :

The statistics displayed (in appendix) reveals mandal wise population of

scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in Mahaboobnagar district, as per 2001 census.

The total population of scheduled castes in Mahaboobnagar district is 6,00,927.

Male population of scheduled castes is 3,04,628 and female population is 2,96,299.

Similarly the total population of schedule tribes is 2,78,702. Of them men are 1,43,115

and women are 1,35,587.

Of all the 64 mandals the largest number of S.C’s dwell in Mahaboobnagar

Mandal (17646) and the least number of them live in Lingal mandal (3936). The largest

number of scheduled tribes inhabitate in Balanagar (18,383) and the least number of

them live in Manopad (108).

83

3.4 AGRICULTURE :

TABLE-3.4

Land Utilisation Area in' 000 ' Hectares

Sl.No. Category 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 2 3 4 51 Forests 267 267 2672 Barren and Uncultivatable Land 96 96 963 Land put to non-agricultural uses 80 80 80

4Permanent pastures and other grazing lands.

25 25 25

5Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves not included in net area sown.

8 8 7

6 Cultivable waste 14 15 157 Other fallow lands 147 145 1478 Current fallows 457 476 5299 Net area sown 753 735 68110 Total Geographical area 1847 1847 184711 Total cropped area 813 797 73712 Area sown more than once 60 62 56

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Statistical data of land utilization recorded in 2004-05 in Mahaboobnagar district

is presented in table 3.4. Total Geographical area of Mahaboobnagar district is 1847

thousand hectares. Out of this total area, 737 thousand hectares is cropped area where in

56 thousand hectares, crops are sown for more than once and the net area sown is 681

hectares.

Forest land is extended to 267 thousand hectares and 96 thousand hectares are

fallen barren and uncultivated and 80 thousand hectares of land is put to non-

agricultural purposes. There is 25 thousand hectares of land of permanent pastures and

other grazing lands, and 7 thousand hectares of land is kept under miscellaneous

purposes, like growing trees and for graveyard. There is 15 thousand hectares of

cultivable waste land and 147 thousand hectares of other follow lands and current

fallows land is 529 lacs hectares.

84

TABLE-3.5Area, Production and Yield per hectare of Main Crops

* in Hec ** in ‘000’ tonnes *** Kgs per Hec

2004-05Sl.No. Crop

Area* Production** Yield***1 2 9 10 111 Paddy 84 190 22652 Jowar 96 47 4903 Bajra 8 4 4674 Ragi 6 8 16205 Maize 92 144 15586 Bengal gram 12 11 8797 Red gram 52 19 3698 Ground nut 76 72 9469 Castor 139 46 33210 Sunflower 46 23 48711 Chillies 10 19 197712 Cotton 51 71 239

Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics (An outline of Agricultural Statistics)

The statistics presented in table 3.5 shows the production and yield of main

crops in Mahaboobnagar district.

Paddy is cultivated in 84 thousand hectares with a production of 1.9 lakh tonnes

and the yield is 2,265 kgs per hectare. Jowar is cultivated in 96 thousand hectare with a

production of 4.7 lakh tonnes and 490 kgs yield per hectare. Bazra is cultivated in 8

thousand hectares, yielding 467 kgs per hectare and producing 4 thousand tonnes.

Red millets (Ragi) is cultivated in 6 thousand hectares and the yield per hectare

is 1620 kgs. The yield of Maize per hectare is 1,558 kgs which is cultivated in 92

thousand hectares. Eleven tonnes of Bengal gram is produced in 12 thousand hectares

getting yield of 879 kgs per hectare. Yield of 369 kgs of Red gram is gained from being

cultivated in 52 thousand hectares.

Ground not is cultivated in 76 thousand hectares which produces 72 thousand

tonnes or yields of 946 kgs per hectares. Castor is cultivated in 1.39 lakh hectares,

getting yield of 332 kgs per hectare. Sunflower is cultivated in 46 thousand hectares and

85

yield 332 kgs per hectare. Chillies is cultivated in 10 thousand hectares yielding 1,977

kgs per hectare and cotton is cultivated in 51 thousand hectares yielding 239 kgs per

hectare. It is observed that castor is cultivated in much of the land where as Red millets

is cultivate in less number of hectares.

Annual Raifall, Station-Wise :

Station wise annual rainfall occurred in Mahaboobnagar district is displayed (in

appendix). Normal rain fall in Mahaboobnagar district is 38,693.0 mm. During the year

2003-2004 the highest rain fall was recorded in Wanaparthy mandal (877.1 mms) and

the lowest in Madur mandal (438 mms). The average rainfall in this year was 668.8

mms.

In the year 2001-02 the total rain fall was 43,944.0 mms with an average of

686.6 mms. The highest rainfall recorded in this year was in Utkoor mandal (887.8

mms) and the lowest in Talakondapally mandal (486 mms). In the year 2002 the rainfall

was in 34,492.4 mm with an average rainfall of 538.9 mms. The highest rainfall

recorded in Mahaboobnagar mandal 850.4 mms and the lowest was recorded in Kosgi

mandal (338.3 mms).

During the year 2003-04 the total rain fall recorded in Mahaboobnagar district

was 35,852.9 mms with an average of 560.2 mms. The highest rainfall was recorded in

Kosgi mandal (1,132.4 mms) and the lowest was recorded in Tandoor mandal (320.0

mms). During the year 2004-05, 24,879.3 mms rainfall in total was recorded in

Mahaboobnagar district with an average rainfall of 388.7 mms. The highest rainfall was

recorded in Amangal mandal (640.2 mms) and the lowest in Gattu mandal (207.0 mms).

86

TABLE-3.6

Major and Medium Irrigation Sources 2004-05(Acres)

2004 -05Sl. No.

Major/Medium

Name of the ProjectRegistered

AyacutNet Gross

1 2 3 4 7 8

1 MajorPriya Darshini Jurala Project-I Rajoli Banda Diversion Scheme

1,02,000 87,500

1,02,000 87,500

1,02,000 87,500

2 Medium Sarala Sagar Project 4,185 0 03 Medium Koil Sagar Project 11,700 11,700 11,7004 Total 1,03,385 2,01,200 2,01,200

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Table 3.6 presents the statistical data of major and medium irrigation sources

recorded in the year 2004-05.

There are two major irrigation sources in Mahaboobnagar district. One is Priya

Darshini Jurala Project-1. It covers 1,02,000 acres and the other is Rajoli Banda

Diversion Scheme. It covers 87,500 acres. There are two medium irrigation sources

also. One is Sarala Sagar Project, which covers 4,185 acres and the second one is Koil

Sagar Project which covers 11,700 acres. Major portion of irrigation is covered by Priya

Darshini Jurala Project. The total irrigated area under these projects is 2,01,200 acres.

87

TABLE – 3.7

Live Stock and Poultry in Mahaboobnagar District

Sl.No. Particulars 2004 Census

1 2 31 CATTLE (Total) 736996

Males over 2.5 years 371849Females over 2.5 years. 193662Young stock. 171485

2 BUFFALOES (Total) 361688Males over 2.5 years 29015Females over 2.5 years. 194318Young stock. 138355

3 Sheep 33676354 Goats 5078565 Horses and Ponies 1526 Donkeys 13197 Mules ---8 Camels ---9 Pigs 4225810 Other Livestock 9724311 Total Livestock 511514712 Total Poultry 4263569

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Particulars of live-stock and poultry in Mahaboobnagar district is presented in

table 3.7.

Total number of cattle is 7,36,996. Of them male over 2.5 years are 3,71,849 and

female are 1,93,662 and young stock are 1,71,485. Total buffaloes are 3,61,688. Of

them male over 2.5 years are 29,015 female are 1,94,318 and young stock are 1,38,355.

There are 33,67,635 sheep 5,07,856 goat, 152 horses and ponies, 1,319 donkeys and

42,258 pigs. There are 97,243 other live stock. Thus the total live stock are 51,15,147

and total poultry are 42,63,569.

88

TABLE-3.8

Diary Development in Mahaboobnagar District

YEARSl. No. Particulars Unit

2004-051 2 3 41 Milk Chilling Centre. Number 62 Milk Cooling Centre. Number 193 Milk Collection Centres. Number4 Co-operative Societies. Number 1975 Pickup Centres Procurement Number 2096 Average Monthly Procurement Liters 949943.007 Average Monthly Sales. Liters 25278.00

8Average Procurement Price(per litre) included operation cost.

Rs. 11.05

9 Average Sales per litres cost : 16.00T.M (Toned Milk) Rs. 153.00D.T.M (Double Toned Milk) Rs. 4212.00

Bulk Cooling Centres 1. Konda Reddy Pally,

2.Chandradana

3.Nagarkurnool

4.Gadwal

5.Narayanpet

Bulk Cooling Centres 6.Moosapet

(Under TIFAC) 7.Jangamiah Palli

8.Peddamandadi

9.Khillaghanapur

10.Jadcherla Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Table 3.8 presents the particulars of Dairy Development centres and production

Particulars. There are 6 milk chilling centres, 19 milk cooling centres and 197 co-

operative societies. There are 209 procurement pick up centres where an average of

9,49,943 litres of milk will be procured and 25278 litres of average monthly sale is

done.

89

On average it costs Rs. 11.05 for procurement including operation cost per litre

where as average selling price is Rs. 16.00. The cost of tonned milk (T.M) is Rs. 153.00

and double toned milk (D.T.M) is Rs. 4,212.00.There are 10 bulk milk cooling centres

in Mahaboobnagar district. Of them 5 bulk cooling centres are under TOFAC.

TABLE-3.9

Inland Fish Production in Mahaboobnagar District In Tonnes

YEARSL.No. Name of the Species

2002-03 2003-04 2004-051 2 3 4 51 Barbus 1467.42 301.06 3.622 Carps 9553.155 7850.15 12042.033 Cat Fish 1526.536 2203.34 1696.584 Murrel 857.225 1930.43 1602.565 Mullets - - -6 Prawns 1 60 142.657 Hilsa - - -8 Miscellaneous 174.81 2213.62 2220.4

Total 15276.26 14558.6 17707.84 Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Table 3.9 presents the particulars of inland fish production in Mahaboobnagar

district. Fish like, barbus, carps, cat fish, murrel, prowns and other miscellaneous are

produced in Mahaboobnagar district.

During the year 2002-03 15,276.26 tonnes of fish was produced and 14,558.6

tonnes of fish was produced in the year 2003-04. During the year 2004-05, 3.62 tonnes

of barbus, 12,042.03 tonnes of carps, 1,696.58 tonnes of cat fish; 1,602.56 tonnes of

murrel, 142.65 tonnes of prawns and 2,220.4 tonnes of miscellaneous fish were

produced. Thus in total 17,707.84 tonnes of fish were produced in the year 2004-2005.

90

3.5 INDUSTRIAL SECTOR :

TABLE-3.10Large and Medium Scale Industries 2004-05

Employment (No.)Sl.

No.Name of the Industry

Installed Capacity (In TPD)

Investment Rs. In Lacs

Value of Production Rs. In Lacs M F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

M/s. Bilasraika Sponge Iron India (P) Ltd., Gundlapotlapally (V) of Balanagar Mandal

100 1000 8500/T 110 10

2Ms. Vinayaka Steels Ltd., Dargah Road, Kothur (V & M)

100 820 8500/T 110 10

3

M/s. Sunder Ispat Ltd., Sy. No. 208/A, 276, Ippalapally (V), Kothur (M)

100 1000 8500/T 100 10

4M/s. Thirupathi Udyog Limited I.D.A., Kothur (V & M)

100 1000 8500/T 100 10

5

M/s. Anand Metallics and Power (P) Ltd., Kodicherla (V), Kothur (M)

100 1000 8500/T 100 10

6

Ms. Reactive Metals of India Ltd., SY.No. 31, Appajipally (V), Balanagar (M)

100 1000 8500/T 110 10

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar DistrictM- Male; F-Female

There are 6 large/medium scale industries in Mahaboobnagar district. Table 3.10

shows the particulars of those industries. M/s. Bilasraika Sponge Iron India (I) Ltd was

established in Gundlapotapally Village of Balanagar mandal. Its installed capacity is

100 TPD (Tonnes per day) and Rs. 10 crores is invested. The value of its production is

8,500/T lacs, which provides employment to 110 male workers and 10 female workers.

M/s. Vinayaka Steels Ltd., in Kothur Village and Mandal established with 100 TPD

(Tonnes per day) installed capacity and with Rs. 820 lacs of investment. Its value of

production is Rs. 8,500 lacs per ‘Tonne’ which provides employment to 110 men and

10 women.

91

M/s. Sunder Ispat Ltd., was established in Ippalapally Village of Kathur Mandal.

It’s installed capacity is 100 TPD (Tonnes per day) on which Rs. 10 crores has been

invested. The value of its production is Rs. 8,500 lacs per ‘Tonne’ which provides

employment to 100 men and 10 women.

M/s. Tirupathi Udyog Limited I.D.A. and M/s. Anand Metalics and Power (P)

Ltd., both in Kothur Village and Mandal were established with 100 TPD (Tonnes per

day) installed capacity. Rs. 10 crores on each industry has been invested and the value

of production of each industry is Rs. 8,500 lacs per ‘Tonne’. Each industry provides

employment to 100 men and 10 women. M/s. Reactive Metals of India Ltd., has been

established in Appajipally Village of Balanagar Mandal, with 100 TPD (Tonnes per

day) of installed capacity with an amount of Rs. 10 crores of investment. It provides

employment to 110 men and 10 women. Its value of production is Rs. 8,500 lacs per

tonne.

TABLE – 3.11Production of Selected Industries

Sl.No. Item Unit 2004-051 2 3 41 Cotton Yarn (' 000 Kgs.) 9482362 Cotton Fabrics (' 000 Mts.) 154253 Chemical & Fertilizers (Tonnes) 794 Drugs and Pharmaceuticals (Rs. In Lacs) 1135 Cement (' 000 tonnes) 556 Ferro alloys (Tonnes) 75677 Others (Specify) (Tonnes)a) Fiber Glasses " 5765b) Electrical Stamping " 3125c) HDPE Woven Sacks " 14560

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.11 exhibits the production of selected industries in Mahaboobnagar

district during 2004-05. In the year 2004-05, 94.8 crore kgs of cotton yarn, 15.4 crore

meters of cotton fabrics; 79 thousand tonnes of Chemical & fertilizers; 113 thousand

lakh worth of drugs and pharmaceuticals, 55,000 tonnes of cement, worth 75.6 lacs

rupees Ferro alloys, 57.6 tonnes of fiber glasses, 31.25 tonnes of electrical stamping and

14.56 crore tonnes of HDPE woven sacks were produced.

92

TABLE – 3.12Working of Factories Registered under the Factories Act, 1948 Selected Mandals

2004-05No. of Workers

Sl.No. MandalNo. of

Factories Male Female1 2 3 4 51 Achampet 35 420 1132 Amangal 27 538 1723 Balanagar 24 1013 5194 Bhoothpur 18 375 1005 Dhanwada 6 420 76 Gopalpet 4 926 87 Gadwal 51 934 1108 Jadcherla 75 817 4019 Kalwakurthy 28 881 32210 Kodangal 9 67 4611 Kothur 116 5403 85312 Keshampet 3 117 413 Mahaboobnagar 97 1794 53414 Manopad 6 261 115 Makthal 15 890 15516 Nagarkurnool 21 253 12817 Nawabpet 3 17 818 Farooqnagar 45 970 26119 Wanaparthy 40 446 7420 Pebbair 18 108 77

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.12 reveals the particulars of factories in Mahaboobnagar district.

Altogether there are 834 factories, which are registered under the factories act 1948, in

54 mandals of Mahaboobnagar district. Of all the mandals, the highest number of

factories are in Kothur mandal and the least number, that is, only one factory is there in

Madgul Mandal.

All the 834 factories provide employment to 22,286 persons. Of them 18,128 are

male workers and 4128 are female workers. Large number of male workers, i.e., 5,403

are working in various factories established in Kothur mandal, as well the largest

number of female workers are also in the same mandal. The least number of male

workers i.e., 3 workers and only one female worker is there in the factory established in

Amrabad mandal.

93

TABLE – 3.13Small Scale Industries

2004 -05EmploymentSl.

No.Category No. of

Units

Capital Investment

(Rs. In Lacs) Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 61 Agro Based 7 94.73 27 132 Food Based 1 8.00 08 043 Mineral Based 1 0.10 12 084 Metal Based - - - -5 Plastic Based - - - -6 Chemical Based 1 104.94 34 167 Repairing & Servicing 1 7.61 19 028 Printing Based 2 10.12 11 -9 Misce. Based 2 1.20 - 0810 Wood Based 1 1.40 11 -11 Textile Based 1 24.00 10 0512 Rubber Based - - - -13 Genl.Eng. Based 3 90.71 25 0214 Electrical Based - - - -15 Paper Based - - - -

TOTAL 20 342.81 157 58 Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.13 shows the particulars of small scale industries situated in

Mahaboobnagar district. Altogether there are 10 small scale industries with their 20

units, providing employment to 157 male workers and 58 female workers in

Mahaboobnagar district.

Of these small scale industries 7 are agro based, 1 is food, 1 is mineral based,

1 chemical based, 1 repairing and servicing, 2 printing based, 1 wood based, 1 textile

based, 3 general engineering based and 2 are miscellaneous industries. On all these

industries an amount of Rs. 342.81 lacs has been invested. The highest amount i.e., Rs.

104.94 lacs is invested on chemical based industries and very small amount of money,

i.e., 0.10 lacs, is invested on mineral based industry.

94

TABLE – 3.14

Average Number of Workers Employed Daily in the Establishments under the Operation of Factories Act 2004-05

Number of workers employedSl.

No.NIC Code

Description of IndustryNo. of

FactoriesMale Female

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 11Extraction of crude petroleum & natural

2 15 6

2 14 Other mining and quarrying 28 550 327

3 15 Mfg. of food products & Beverages 492 4735 1521

4 17 Mfg. of Textiles 20 4543 1500

5 20 Mfg. of Wood & Wood products 137 856 0

6 21 Mfg. of Paper & Paper products 7 120 7

7 22Publishing printing & Production of Record Media

2 103 1

8 23Mfg. of coke refined petroleum products

2 120 0

9 24 Mfg. of Chemical & Chemical products 36 1665 298

10 25 Mfg. Rubber & Plastic Products 11 243 128

11 26Mfg. of Other Non-metallic mineral mined products

38 1445 142

12 27 Mfg. of Basic metals 27 1357 135

13 28 Mfg. of Fabricated metal products 6 560 16

14 31Mfg. of Piecrical Machinery & Apparatus NBC

8 830 64

15 32Mfg. of Radio Television & Communication equipment

2 22 2

16 34Mfg. of Motor vehicles trallis & Somti Trails

1 18 2

17 40Mfg. of Diotestion electricity gas steams & tlot water

2 157 0

18 50Sale maintenance & repair of motor vehicles and motorcycle retail sale of an tomotine fuel

13 789 9

TOTAL 834 18128 4158Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar District

95

In Mahaboobnagar district there are 18 different factories with their 834

establishments/branches in Mahaboobnagar district. There are 2 crude petroleum and

natural extractions, 28 mines and quarries, 492 factories of food products and

beverages, 20 textile manufacturing mills, 137 manufacturing of wood and wood

products, 7 manufacturing of paper and paper products, 2 publishing printing and

production of record media, 2 manufacturing of coke refine petroleum products, 36

manufacturing of chemical and chemical products, 11 manufacturing of Rubber and

Plastic Products, 38 manufacturing of other non-metalic mineral mined products; 27

manufacturing of basical metals; 6 manufacturing of fabricated metal products, 8

manufacturing of piecrical machinery and apparatus; 2 manufacturing of Radio

Television and Communication equipment; 1 manufacturing of Motor Vehicles Travels

and Samti Tralis; 2 manufacturing of Diotestion Electricity gas steams and hot water

and 13 scale maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motor cycle retail sales of

automotive fuel. All these factories/establishments provide employment to 18,128 male

and 4,158 female workers as daily workers on average.

Distribution of Workers by Broad Industrial Categories Census :

The statistical data (in appendix) shows the category wise workers in

Mahaboobnagar district, divided according to broad industrial categories. The total

workers, i.e., both main and marginal workers in Mahaboobnagar district are 35,13,934.

Of them, main workers are 18,17,118 and the marginal workers are 14,78,251. The

highest number of workers are in Mahaboobnagar mandal (1,95,699) and the least

number of them are in Lingal mandal (28,874).

The largest number of main workers dwell in Mahaboobnagar mandal and the

least number of them are in Lingal mandal (15,430). Similarly the largest number of

marginal workers are in Maddur mandal (11,447) and the least number of them are in

Thimmajipet mandal (1,875). The total non-workers in Mahaboobnagr district are

16,92,084. Again Mahaboobnagar mandal occupies first place to have the non-workers

as its inhabitants (1,29,463) and the least number of non-workers are in Uppunuthala

mandal (11,922).

96

3.6 BANKING SECTOR :

TABLE – 3.15Public Finance Small Savings

Rs. In lacs

2003-04 2004-05Sl. No.

Name of the SchemeGross Net Gross Net

1 2 3 4 5 61 P.O.Savings Bank 3766.45 749.63 3879.50 31.57

2 P.O.Recurring Deposits 2785.12 345.07 3236.49 639.03

3 P.O.Term Deposits 766.56 406.33 1197.75 542.34

4 Kisan Vikas Pathrikas 2012.01 639.30 1717.42 1237.41

5 Indira Vikas Pathrikas - -103.16 1.26 -22.87

6 N.S.C. VIII ISSUE 473.47 291.10 358.10 129.41

7 N.S.S. 92 - -4.93 0.06 -6.94

8 15 YRS P. Provident Fund. 27.81 25.18 20.40 19.38

9 N.S.S. 87 - -1.27 - -0.08

10 P.O. Monthly incoming Scheme 2705.16 2250.83 3533.98 2704.23

11 OLD CERTIFICATES - -0.11 - -

12 P.P.F. IN BANKS 13.87 10.85 18.31 9.46

13 Sr. Citizenship - - 43.89 43.89

TOTAL 12550.45 4608.82 14007.16 5326.83Source : District Small Savings Unit, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.15 exhibits the particulars of public finance in Mahaboobnagar district,

in the form of savings from people deposited during the years 2003-04 and 2004-05.

Through Post Office (P.O) Savings Bank Rs. 3,766.45 lacs and Rs. 3,879.50 lacs has

been saved. Amount of P.O. Recurring Deposits was Rs. 2,785.12 lacs and Rs. 3,236.49

lacs. Amount of P.O. term deposits was Rs. 766.56 lacs and Rs. 1,197.75 lacs. Amount

received from sales of Kisan Vikas Pathrikas was Rs. 2,012.01 lakh and Rs. 1,717.42

lacs. Amount received from sales of Indira Vikas Pathrikas was Rs. 1.26 lacs during

2004-05. Amount of N.S.C. VIII issue was Rs. 473.47 lacs and Rs. 358.10 lacs. N.S.S.

92 was of worth Rs. 0.06 lakh in 2004-05. Amount of 15 years Provident Fund was Rs.

27.81 lacs and Rs. 20.40 lacs. Amount of P.O. Monthly Income Scheme was Rs.

2705.16 Lacs and Rs. 3533.98 lacs. Amount of Persons Provident Fund (P.P.F) in

Banks was Rs. 13.87 lacs and Rs.18.31 lacs and deposits amount of senior citizenship

was Rs. 43.89 lacs.

97

TABLE – 3.16Credits and Deposits, Bank Wise 2004 –05

Priority sector advancesSl. No.

Name of the BankNo. of

BranchesDeposits Advances

Agrl. SSI Services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 D.C.C. BANK 19 5445 30910 29198 594 1118

2 Central Bank of India 3 1953 1393 904 35 354

3 Punjab National Bank 2 1038 900 600 106 171

4 Corporation Bank 1 498 524 382 59

5 State Bank of India 31 29947 26042 10522 2166 7748

6 A.P. Grameena Vikas Bank 64 28386 25158 11698 265 5588

7 Union Bank of India 5 3091 2619 1141 182 881

8 South Indian Bank Limited 1 363 352 67 58 79

9 Canara Bank 6 5884 5597 3458 65 1208

10 Andhra Bank 26 22103 18004 8431 1086 4438

11 Vijaya Bank 2 1728 1186 417 13 543

12 Indian Bank 2 2395 1343 575 204 269

13 State Bank of Hyderabad 36 53480 24291 8665 2814 5185

14 Syndicate Bank 1 509 1002 24 534

15 Bank of Baroda 1 1400 246 159 4 20

16 Vysya Bank 4 2328 945 459 15 336

17 A.P.S.F.C. 1 3889 3744 145

18 U.C.O. 3 1009 5558 827 502 1881

19 I.O.B. 4 2232 2715 1794 39 665

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

Table 3.16 shows bank-wise credits and deposits which are being transacted in

various banks of Mahaboobnagar district during 2003-04. In Mahaboobnagar district

(D.C.C) Bank has 19 branches where in deposits of worth Rs. 5,445 lacs are deposited

and advances worth Rs. 30,910 lacs are being issued to three different sectors, such as

Rs. 29,198 lacs to agricultural, Rs. 594 lacs to SSI and Rs. 1,118 lacs to other service

sectors.

98

Central Bank of India is getting deposits of worth Rs. 1953 lacs through its

3 branches and they disburse advances of worth Rs. 1,393 lacs to three sectors i.e., Rs.

904 lacs to agricultural, Rs. 35 lacs to SSI and Rs. 354 lacs to other service sectors.

Punjab National Bank is transacting business through its 2 branches. It gets deposits

worth Rs. 1,038 lacs and disburse advances worth Rs. 900 lacs to agriculture, SSI and

other service sectors, Rs. 600 lacs, Rs. 106 lacs and Rs. 171 lacs respectively.

Corporation Bank has only one branch in Mahaboobnagar Branch. Its deposits

are Rs. 498 lacs worth and advances are of Rs. 524 lacs worth. It issues loans/advances

of worth Rs. 382 lacs to agricultural sector and Rs. 59 lacs to other services sector. State

Bank of India spread its service through out Mahaboobnagar district with 31 branches.

It gets deposits worth Rs. 29,947 lacs from its 31 branches and issues advances of worth

Rs. 26,042 lacs to the three sectors. It advances Rs. 10,522 lacs to agricultural sector,

Rs. 2,166 lacs to SSI and Rs. 7,748 lacs to other services.

A.P. Grameena Vikas Bank gets deposits of worth Rs. 28,386 lacs through its 64

branches spread over Mahaboobnagar district and issues advances of worth Rs. 25,158

lacs. It issues advances of Rs. 11,698 lacs to agriculture, Rs. 265 lacs to SSI and Rs.

5,588 lacs to other services.

Union Bank of India spread over its service through 5 branches in

Mahaboobnagar district. It gets deposits of Rs. 3,091 lacs and issues advances of Rs.

2,619 lacs. It issues advances of Rs. 1,141 lacs to agriculture, Rs. 182 lacs to SSI and

Rs. 881 lacs to other services. South Indian Bank Limited gets deposits of Rs. 363 lacs

and issues advances of Rs. 352 lacs through its single branch. It advances loans of Rs.

67 lacs to agriculture Rs. 58 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 79 lacs to other service sectors.

Canara Bank receives deposits of Rs. 5,884 lacs and advances Rs. 5,597 lacs

through its 6 branches in Mahaboobnagar district. It also issues loans of Rs. 3,458 lacs

to agriculture sector, Rs. 65 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 1,208 lacs to other services. Andhra

Bank spread over its services in Mahaboobnagar district through its 26 branches, which

gets deposits of Rs. 22,103 lacs and issues loans/advances of Rs. 18,004 lacs to the

three prioritised sectors. It issues loans/advances of Rs. 8,431 lacs to agriculture, Rs.

086 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 44,378 lacs to other services.

99

Vijaya Bank has only 2 branches in Mahaboobnagar district. It receives deposits

of Rs. 1,728 lacs and issues advances of Rs. 1,186 lacs. It issues advances of Rs. 417

lacs to agriculture, Rs. 13 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 543 lacs to other services. As well

Indian Bank also has 2 branches only. Through which deposits of Rs. 2,395 lacs are

received and Rs. 1,343 lacs of advances are issued. These advances are issued to the

three sectors, i.e., Rs. 575 lacs to agriculture, Rs. 204 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 269 lacs to

other services. State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) spread over major area of

Mahaboobnagar district with its 36 branches. It receives deposits of Rs. 53,480 lacs and

issues advances of Rs. 24,291 lacs to the three prioritised sectors, i.e., Rs. 8,655 lacs to

agriculture, Rs. 2,814 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 5,185 lacs to other services.

Syndicate Bank has only one branch which receives deposits of Rs. 509 lacs and

issues advances of Rs. 1,002 lacs. It issues advances of Rs. 24 lacs to agriculture and

Rs. 534 lacs to SSI’s. Similarly, Bank of Baroda has only one branch, which receives

deposits of Rs. 1,400 lacs and issues advances of Rs. 246 lacs. It issues advances of Rs.

159 lacs to agriculture Rs. 4 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 20 lacs to other services.

Vysya Bank has 4 branches in Mahaboobnagar district. It receives deposits of

Rs. 2,328 lacs and issues advances of Rs. 945 lacs. It issues advances of Rs. 459 lacs to

agriculture, Rs. 15 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 336 lacs to other services.

Andhra Pradesh State Finance Corporation (A.P.S.F.C) Branch in

Mahaboobnagar district issues advances of Rs. 3,889 lacs. Of which Rs. 3,744 lacs to

SSI’s and Rs. 145 lacs to other services. U.C.O. has 3 branches, through which it

receives deposits of Rs. 1,009 lacs and issues advances of Rs. 5,538 lacs. It issues

advances of Rs. 827 lacs to agriculture; Rs. 502 lacs to SSI’s and Rs. 1,881 lacs to other

services.

Indian Overseas Bank (I.O.B) has 4 branches in Mahaboobnagar district,

through which it receives deposits of Rs. 2,232 lacs and issues advances of Rs. 2,715

lacs to the three prioritized sectors, i.e., Rs. 1,794 lacs to agriculture, Rs. 39 lacs to

SSI’s and Rs. 665 lacs to other services.

100

TABLE – 3.17Working of Primary Agricultural Societies including Farmers Service Societies

(Under DCCB Ltd.)

Sl. No. Item 2004 -05

1 2 31 Societies (Number) 1662 Membership (in '000) 21.463 Share Capital 1389.24 Deposits 219.855 Borrowings 24604.466 Working Capital 2464.467 Loans: (Lacs)

a). Advances 13147.12b). Recovered 6928.6c). Outstanding 14376.6d). Overdue 7294.35

Source : DCCB, Mahaboobnagar District

A number of primary agricultural societies and farmer service centres are

working under D.C.C.B. Ltd in Mahaboobnagar district. Table 3.17 shows the

particulars of those PACs and service centres.

As per the statistics of 2004-05 there are 166 primary agricultural societies

including farmer services in Mahaboobnagar district, in which 21.46 thousand persons

are subscribed as members. These PACs have received Rs. 1,389.2 lacs of share capital

and Rs. 219.85 lacs of deposits and have borrowed Rs. 24,604.46 lacs. They are

established with Rs. 2,464.46 lacs of working capital. Regarding loans, these PACs

have advanced Rs. 13,147.12 lacs of loans and have recovered Rs. 6,928.6 lacs. There is

an overdue of worth Rs. 7,294.35 lacs and outstanding balance of Rs. 14,376.6 lacs.

101

TABLE – 3.18

Working of Cooperative Central Banks

Rs. In Lacs

Sl. No. Item 2004-051 2 31 Banking Branches 202 Share Capital(Rs. In Lacs) 3295.683 Statutory & Res.funds. 254.604 Deposits 5444.665 Borrowings 23353.386 Working Capital 25466.797 Loans:

a). Advanced 21453.31b). Recoveries 9592.64c). Outstanding 31234.87d). Overdues 5456.55

Source : DCCB, Mahaboobnagar District

There are 20 branches of Corporative Central Banks, established with Rs.

25,466.79 lacs of working capital in Mahaboobnagar district. They have secured

deposits of Rs. 5,444.66 lacs; Rs. 3,295.68 lacs of share capital and Rs. 254.60 lacs of

statutory and reserve funds. They have borrowed Rs. 23,353.38 lacs from other sources.

These 20 Corporative Central Banks have issued advances of Rs. 21,453.31 lacs

and have recovered Rs. 9,592.64 lacs, which have also issued overdues of Rs. 5,456.55

lacs and have outstanding balance of Rs. 31,234.87 lacs.

102

TABLE – 3.19Working of District Co-Operative Marketing Society

Rs. In Lacs

Sl. No. Item 2004-05

1 2 3

1Membership PACS & Other Primary Societies Government

154

2 Share Capital 29.663 Statutory & Reserve Funds 0.224 Deposits 1.255 Borrowings 32.8846 Working Capital 95.24

7Loan advanced in the share of manures, Seeds & Agricultural implements:

--

a). Outstanding at the beginning of the year. --b). Loans issued during the year --c). Recovered during the year. --d). Outstanding at the end of the year --

Source : DCCB, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.19 displays the information of working of District Co-operative

Marketing Society in Mahaboobnagar District.

There are 154 branches of District Co-operative Marketing Societies. They are

membership PACS and other Government Primary Societies which are established with

Rs. 95.24 lacs of working capital. These 154 branches have acquired deposits of Rs.

1.25 lacs; Rs. 29.66 lacs of share capital and Rs. 0.22 lacs towards statutory and reserve

funds and have borrowed Rs. 32.884 lacs.

103

TABLE – 3.20

Short term and Medium term Agriculture Loans Disbursed by the Co-Operative Central Bank

Sl. No. Type of Loan 2004-05

1 2 31 Short-term Loans 7058.62 Medium term loans --3 Long term loans 14394.71

Total 21453.31 Source : DCCB, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.20 gives the information of short-term loans, medium term loans and

long term loans disbursed by the co-operative central banks. They have disbursed short-

term loans worth Rs. 7,058.6 lacs and long term loans worth Rs. 14,934.71 lacs

altogether Rs. 21,453.31 lacs of loans are disbursed.

104

3.7 EDUCATION :

TABLE 3.21

School Particulars of Mahaboobnagar District (2005-2006)

Central Govt.

State Govt.

MPP/ZPP

Private added

Private Un-

added

APRS APSWRS

Total

Primary Schools

1 124 2485 27 189 - - 2826

U.P. Schools

- 20 680 12 243 - - 955

High Schools

- 41 6 26 166 11 421 671

Source : Chief Planning Officer

There are 2,826 primary schools in total in Mahaboobnagar district. Out of

them, majority schools, i.e., 2,485 schools are of MPP/ZPP schools, private/unaided

schools are 189, schools under State Government control are 124 and there is only one

Central Government Primary School.

Regarding upper primary schools, they are 955 in total. Of them 680 institutions

are under Mandal Praja Parishad and Zilla Praja Parishad, 243 schools are run by

private management (unaided); 20 schools are of State Government and 12 schools are

aided under private organisations. As for the High Schools, they are 671 in total Andhra

Pradesh Social Welfare Residence Schools are 421; private unaided schools are 166,

schools under State Government are 41, aided schools under private management are 26

and 6 schools are of Mandal Praja Parishad/Zilla Praja Parishad.

105

TABLE-3.22

Information of Colleges in Mahaboobnagar District (2005-2006)

Govt. Private Added Private Un-added

Total

Junior Colleges 59 - 64 123Degree Colleges 8 2 21 32Total 67 2 85 155

Source : Chief Planning Officer

In Mahaboobnagar District, both Degree and Junior Colleges are 155 in total. Of

them 123 are Junior Colleges for +2 students. Out of these 123 Junior Colleges, 59 of

them are Government Colleges and 64 of them are un-aided colleges run by private

management. There are only 32 Degree Colleges in this District. Of these 32 Degree

Colleges, 8 are Government Colleges, 2 are Private Aided Colleges and 21 are Unaided

Colleges.

Literacy, Mandal Wise 2001 Census :

The statistics (in appendix) reveals mandal wise literacy rates in Mahaboobnagar

district calculated as per 2001 census.

There are altogether 64 Mandals in Mahaboobnagar district. Among them

Mahaboobnagar has the highest number of literates, with 69,928 male literates and

51,992 female literates and constitute 72.08 percent of the total population in

Mahaboobnagar Mandal. Out of 64 mandals in Mahaboobnagar district the number of

literates in Kodangal Mandal is least with 9,249 in total. Of them 6,276 are male

literates and 2,982 are female literates, who constitute 33.67 percent of its total

population. The total literates in Mahaboobnagar as per 2001 census are 13,56,186. Of

them 8,74,033 are male literates and female literates are 4,82,153.

106

TABLE – 3.23

Registrations and Placements by Employment Exchange in respect of Special Categories of Applicants

Sl. No.

Employment Exchange

No. of applicants on L.R. at

the beginning

of year

No.

of

regi

stra

tion

s

No.

of

pla

cem

ents

No. of applicants

who ceased to be on L.R.

due to reasons other

than placements

No. of applicants on L.R. at the end of the year.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7I Mahaboobnagar 131340 14568 1225 28388 116295

Source : District Employment Exchange Office, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.23 displays the particulars of registration and placements through

employment exchange of Mahaboobnagar district. At the beginning of the year

2004-05, applicants in total 1,31,348 have got registered on L.R. at the beginning of that

year but only 14,568 candidates have got registered. Of them 1,225 have got placement

and the registration of 28,388 candidates was ceased and thus by the end of the year

registration of 1,16,295 candidates is in force.

TABLE – 3.24

Employees Using Exchange and Vacancies Notified

No. of Employees using Exchange. No. of vacancies notified.

Sl. No.

Year

Cen

tral

G

ovt.

Sta

te

Gov

t.

Qu

asi

Gov

t.

Pri

vate

Tot

al

Cen

tral

G

ovt.

Sta

te

Gov

t.,

Qu

asi

Gov

t.

Pri

vate

Tot

al

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121 2004 5 8 11 115 139 16 64 71 1414 1565

2 2005 5 2 9 71 88 11 24 13 1513 1649Source : District Employment Exchange Office, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.24 gives the particulars of employees who have utilized the service of

employment exchange and the vacancies notified by employment exchange during the

years 2004 and 2005. These employees have been working in various sectors, such as,

107

Central Government, State Government, Quasi Government and Private Sectors.

Altogether 1,565 vacancies in total are notified and only 139 candidates utilized

employment exchange in the year 2004. Similarly, in the year 2005, in all the sectors

1649 vacancies were notified and only 88 candidates used the opportunity given by

employment exchange.

TABLE – 3.25Statement Showing Enrolment and Teachers in Special Schools 2004 –05

Enrolment Teachers

Sl. No.

Name of the InstitutionNo. of

Schools

Boy

s

Gir

ls

Tot

al

Men

Wom

en

Tot

al

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1Govt. Residential School and College for visually Handicapped, Mahaboobnagar

1+1 104 47 151 16 5 21

2Residential School for the Blind, Gadwala

1 82 46 128 2 4 6

3Brahma Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Mahaboobnagar

1+1 27 19 46 - - 5 5

4Residential school for Orthopedically Handicapped, Nagarkurnool, M.Nagar

1 37 26 63 4 3 5

5Vocational training & Rehabilitation centre for disabled-Shadnagar, M.Nagar

1 46 19 65 1 2 3

6Ujwala School for Deaf & Dumb, Special school for MR children, Mahaboobnagar

1 45 18 63 2 3 5

Source : District Social Welfare Department, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.25 displays the statement regarding enrolment of students and teachers

in social schools during 2004-2005. In Mahaboobnagar district there are various types

of special school for physically handicapped boys and girls. There is one Government

Residential School and one college for visually handicapped where in 104 boys and 47

girls are being imparted education by 16 men teachers and 5 women teachers. In total

108

151 students are getting education and 21 teachers are working. There is one residential

school for the blind at Gadwal where 82 boys and 46 girls, altogether 128 students are

getting education being imparted by 2 men teachers and 4 women teachers.

There are 2 institutions for mentally disordered known as “Brahma Institute for

the Mentally Handicapped”. Altogether 46 students are studying in those 2 institutions.

Of them 27 are boys and girls are 19. They are being imparted education by 5 women

teachers. There is one residential school for orthopedically handicapped at

Nagarkurnool. Altogether 63 students, of whom 37 are boys and 26 girls are getting

education. In this school 4 men teachers and 3 women teachers have been working. In

Shadnagar of Mahaboobnagar district there is one vocational institution for disabled

students, which is known as “Vocational Training & Rehabilitation Centre for disabled.

In this school 46 boys and 19 girls are being imparted education by one male teacher

and 2 female teachers.

In Mahaboobnagar there is one school for Deaf & Dumb, known as “Ujwala

School for Deaf & Dumb”. It is a special school for MR children. In this school 2 male

teachers and 3 female teachers are discharging their duties to impart education to 45

boys and 18 girls.

109

3.8 HEALTH/MEDICAL SERVICES :

TABLE – 3.26Government Medical Facilities 2004- 05

NumberSl. No. Item

2004-05

1 2 3I. Allopathica). General HospitalsI District Hospitals 1ii Area Hospital 4iii Community Health Centres 5IV. Civil hospitals 9ii). P.H.Cs 75iii). M.M. Unit 1b). Dispensaries 2

c). I Beds 840ii). Beds per lakh of population 24d.I Doctors 133ii). Doctors per lakh of population 4II. Ayurvedica). Hospitals b). Dispensaries 43c). Doctors/Vaids 39III. Unania). Hospitals b). Dispensaries 20c). Doctors 14IV. Homeopathya). Hospitals b). Dispensaries 8c). Doctors 8

Source : 1. D.M. & H.O. Mahaboobnagar 2. District co-coordinator of Hospital Services, Mahaboobnagar. 3. R.D.D. Indian, Medicine and Homeopathy Department, Mahaboobnagar.

Table 3.26 reveals the number of hospitals provided by government in

Mahaboobnagar district. There is one District General Hospital and 4 area hospitals, 75

Primary Health Centres (P.H.Cs) one M.M. Unit and 2 dispensaries. It is to be noted

110

that there are only 133 doctors working in all the above hospitals where there are only

840 beds with a ratio of 24 beds per one lakh of population and 4 doctors.

There are also 43 Ayurvedic dispensaries with 39 doctors or vaids. Unani

Hospitals/dispensaries are 20 with only 14 doctors working in them. As far as

Homeopathy Dispensaries are concerned, they are 8 dispensaries with 8 doctors.

TABLE – 3.27Veterinary Services

Sl.No. Particulars 2004-051 Joint Director(AH) 12 Deputy Director(AH) 23 Assistant Directors(AH) 174 Veterinary Asst. Surgeons 1035 Junior Veterinary Officersa) No. of Live Stock Assts. 148b) No. of Veterinary Assts. 137c) Attenders6 Veterinary Hospitals(Nos) 127 Veterinary Dispensaries 998 Rural Livestock Units(Nos.) 2279 Others (Specify) ISDPa) Veterinary Poly Clinic 110 No. of Cases Treated 313525911 No. of Castrations done 7444812 No. of Vaccinations done 720390313 No. of Artificial Inseminationa) Exotic 17150b) Indigenous 12055c) Murrah 48691

T O T A L : 7789614 Calves Borna) Exotic 7304b) Indigenous 4898c) Murrah 17663

T O T A L : 2986515 Area under improved fodder (In Hectares) 88015

Source : Chief Planning Officer, Mahaboobnagar

111

The statistics presented in table 3.27, shows the particulars of live stock and

veterinary services.

There are 12 veterinary hospitals, 99 veterinary dispensaries, 227 rural livestock

units and one veterinary polyclinic. One Joint Director (A.H); 2 Deputy Directors; 17

Assistant Directors; 103 Veterinary Asst. Surgeons; 148 live stock assistants 137

Veterinary Assistants have been discharging their services in these veterinary hospitals.

As per 2004-05 records altogether 31,35,259 cases have been registered for

treatments, 74,448 constrictions are administered and 72,03,903 cases are treated. Total

number of artificial insemination cases are 77,896. Of them exotic are 17,150;

indigenous are 12,055 and 48,691 are murrah. Total calves born are 29,865. Of them

exotic are 7,304; indigenous are 4,898 and murrah are 17,663. The area under improved

fodder is 88,015 hectares.

112

3.9 INFRASTRUCTURE AND GENERAL FACILITIES :

TABLE – 3.28

Length of Roads 2004 – 05(In Kms)

Sl. No.

ItemCement concrete

Black top MetalledUn-

metalledTotal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

I. National Highways -

KM. 34/520 To KM. 125/0 =

90.480 Kms.

- -90.480 Kms

II. Roads and Buildings - - - - -

1 State Highways - 361.372 - - 361.372

2 Major District roads 1.335 1000.399 10.259 6.800 1018.793

3 Other District roads 0.650 204.440 224.000 23.045 452.135

III. Zilla Parishad - - - - -

1 Major District roads - 342.550 - - 342.550

2 Other District roads 5.733 205.07 207.664 34.21 452.677

IV. Mandal Parishad roads - - 290.45 - 290.45

V. Village roads 14.92 - 1780.05 5121.54 6916.51Source : APSRTC, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.28 reveals the particulars of the length of various roads passing through

Mahaboobnagar district. There is 90.480 kms of length of National Highways and

361.372 kms length of State Highway. Routes connecting Mahaboobnagar district with

other major districts are of 1018.793 kms and the roads of other district are of 452.135

kms length.

Zilla Parishad roads connecting with other major district are of 342.550 kms

length. Roads of other district under Zilla Parishad are of 452.677 kms length. Mandal

Parishad roads are of 290.45 kms length and village roads are of 6916.51 kms length.

Of all the above mentioned roads, there are cement concrete roads, black top roads,

metal roads and gravel roads.

113

TABLE 3.29

Working of the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation

Sl.No. Item Unit 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1Average No.of buses in use.

(No.) 745 779 757 784 793

2 Route Kms.(Kms.) in

Lacs489.38 86518 901.74 921.61 922.87

3Buses operated

(Kms.) in Lacs

825.2 798.95 886.51 916.53 923.09

4Passengers carried

No.in lacs 5.3 5.36 6.1 6.55 7.1

5Earnings realized

Rs.in lacs - - - - -

a) Passengers (Rs.in lacs) 9094.75 9007.78 10336.96 10920.98 11211.841

b)Goods and miscellaneous

(Rs.in lacs) 197.65 255.13 202.77 401.08 1055.74

c) Total (Rs. In lacs) 9292.4 9262.91 10539.73 11322.06 12267.58

Source : APSRTC, Mahaboobnagar District

In Andhra Pradesh buses are run by corporation known as Andhra Pradesh State

Road Transport Corporation. Table 3.29 gives the particulars of buses run by

A.P.S.R.T.C. in Mahaboobnagar district, besides giving particulars of services provided

by A.P.S.R.T.C.

There were 745 buses of A.P.S.R.T.C. in Mahaboobanagar district in 2000-01

which provide conveyance to 489.38 kms route. The number of buses increased to 793

by 2004-05 and so the transport conveyance is also extended to 922.87 kms route.

These buses carry 7.1 lakh passengers to their various destinations. Here, in

Mahaboobnagar district R.T.C buses earn Rs. 11,211.84 lacs on carrying passengers and

Rs. 1,053.74 lacs on carrying goods and from miscellaneous charges.

114

Rural Electrification, Mandal-wise 2004 – 2005 :

There are three electrical divisions (in appendix), known as Mahaboobnagar

district, Wanaparthy division and Jadcherla division in Mahaboobnagar district.

In Mahaboobnagar division, these are 487 inhabited villages. Of them 207

hamlets are electrified. In all these 207 electrified villages, 1,26,574 connections are

domestic services, 41,861 are agricultural services, 1,933 are industrial services and

18,556 are other services. In total there are 1,88,924 electric services in 207 hamlets.

In Wanaparthy division 252 villages are electrified out of 460 inhabitated

villages. In all these 252 villages, there are 1,90,778 electric services. Of them 1,26,085

are domestic services 41,798 are agricultural services, 1,864 are industrial services and

14,231 are other services. Similarly, in Jadcherala Division, there are 1,477 inhabitated

villages. Out of them 972 are electrified. There are altogether 6,05,133 electric services

in all these 972 villages. Of them 3,89,806 are domestic services 1,51,840 are

agricultural services 6,641 are industries services and other services are 50,046.

Drinking water : Problematic villages 2004-2005 :

Mandal wise information of villages where drinking water problem prevails and

the source of drinking water provided to them, in Mahaboobnagar district (see

appendix).

In Honwada mandal there are 6 villages where drinking water problem prevails.

At present these villagers have drinking water facility of Private Water Suppliers

(P.W.S) for which an amount of Rs. 10.7 crores is being spent. There is one village in

Balanagar mandal where 450 people live. For them hand pumps are provided for

drinking water on which Rs. 24 thousand is spent. There is one village inhabited by

4502 people in Veldanda Mandal where drinking water is being provided by carrying

water with in contains on which Rs. 83.4 crores is spent.

There are 9 villages in Kalwakurthy mandal where people are facing problem of

drinking water. For all these villages an amount of Rs. 16 crores is spent to carry

drinking water through containers. In Jadcharla there is one village inhabited by 29,822

115

people. To provide them drinking water Rs. 1.36 lacs is spent. In Mahaboobnagar there

is one village with 1550 inhabitants, where problem of drinking water is prevailing.

They are provided drinking water from leased bore wells by spending Rs. 45 lacs. There

are 3 villages, inhabited by 3991 people in Balmor Mandal, where drinking water

problem prevails. They are provided drinking water from private bore wells by

spending Rs. 1.1 crore.

In Gadwal there are 4 villages where 5,295 people dwell in. They are provided

drinking water carried by transportation, on which Rs. 27.3 crores is spent. In Ieeza

Mandal also 25,324 people are provided drinking water in the sameway by spending Rs.

52.8 crores. In Itikyal, there are 2 villages inhabited by 5,117 people. They have

drinking water facility from streamlet and bores. For this an amount of Rs. 4 lacs is

spent.

There are 2 villages in Kosgi mandal where Rs. 13.29 lacs is spent to provide

drinking water through bore wells or by containers. Seven villages of Devarkadra,

inhibited by where 17,072 people are provided drinking by spending Rs. 297.4 crores.

In CC Kunta mandal 20,723 people of 8 villages are provided drinking water by

spending Rs. 95.5 crores. Four villages with 9,095 people in Narva mandal are provided

drinking water through bore wells by spending Rs. 10 crores.

In Pebbair mandal 1,728 people are dwelling for when Rs. 10 crores is spent to

provide drinking water. There are 4 villages inhabited by 8,582 people and Rs. 52.2

crores is spent to provide drinking water to those people of four villages.

TABLE-3.30The Warehousing (Godown) facilities in Mahaboobnagar District

S.No. Name of the Mandal No. of Ware Houses

Capacities (in tonnes)

1. Jadcharla 1 15,0002. Bothpur 1 30,0003. Gadwal 1 10,000

Total 3 55,000 Source : Chief Planning Officer

116

There are only 3 warehouses in Mahaboobnagar District, each one in Jadcherla,

Boothpur and Gadwal Mandals. The capacity of Jadcherla warehouse is 15,000 tonnes,

the capacity of Boothpur warehouse is 30,000 tonnes and the capacity of Gadwal

warehouse is 10,000 tonnes. Altogether these warehouses provide go-down facility to

55,000 tonnes. Since there is less agricultural product, the capacity of warehouses is

also less.

TABLE – 3.31Police Stations and Police Force

Sl. No. Item 2004-05

1 2 31 Police Station 752 Police Out Post 3

Total 783 Police Force -I) Ordinary (Civil) -a) Officers 23b) Other Staff 1635ii) Armed (Reserved) -a) Officers 23b) Other Staff 544iii) APSP -a) Officers -b) Other Staff -

Source : District Police Head Quarters, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.31 displays the information regarding number of police stations and the

existing policing force in Mahaboobnagar district.

There are 75 house offices (Police Stations) and 3 police out posts in

Mahaboobnagar district. In all these offices 23 civil officers and 1,635 other members

of policing staff have been working and 23 armed (reserved) police officers and 544

other members of staff have also been discharging their policing duties.

117

TABLE – 3.32Major Cognizable Crime Reported in 2004-05

Sl. No. Item 2004-051 Murders 2052 Dacoity 203 Robbery 424 House Breakings 2665 Cattle theft 606 Others 4625

Total Cognizable Crimes : 5218Source : District Police Head Quarters, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.32 depicts the picture of major cognizable crime reported in the year

2004-05. Altogether 5,218 crimes got registered during that year. Of them 205 are

murder cases, 20 are decoity cases, 42 are robberies, 266 are house breaking cases, 60

are cattle theft cases and other crimes are 4,625.

TABLE – 3.33Forest Revenue, Product-Wise

Rs. In thousands

Sl.No. Revenue under items 2003-04 2004-051 Timber 461634 6025902 Fire-wood - -3 Bamboo 870700 29250004 Beedi Leaves - -5 Miscellaneous - -

Total 1332334 3527590 Source : District Forest Office, Mahaboobnagar District

Table 3.33 gives the information regarding the revenue gained from forest

products in Mahaboobnagar district. During the year 2003-04, Rs. 46 crores is gained

from timber and it hiked to Rs. 60 crores in the year 2004-05. Revenue from bamboo

product was Rs. 87 crores in 2003-04 and it was Rs. 29 crores in 2004-2005. In total Rs.

133 crores of revenue was gained in 2003-04 and Rs. 352 crores was gained in 2004-05.

118

3.10 OBSERVATIONS IN DISTRICT PROFILE:

1. It is observed that the population in Mahaboobnagar district has been

increasing decade by decade and reached from 8.5 lacs (1901) to 35.1 lacs

(2001), with a density of 191 people per square kilometer. But, it is to be

noted that the total cropped area and the net sown area is declined. From

this, it is understood that the agricultural produce may not be upto the need

of the increasing population.

2. The total cropped area in Mahaboobnagar district is 7,37,000 hectares,

whereas irrigation is provided from major and medium irrigation sources to

2,01,200 hectares only. The remaining area has to depend on gambling of

rainfall. In this regard it is to be noted that the water dependent crops may

not be not harvested. Moreover the average days of rainfall per year is 46

days only. Then, how could paddy and jowar be cultivated and the people in

agricultural profession earn their livelihood : Lord may help them !

It is also observed even though commercial crops and pulses are grown there,

their produce and yield is less and they are not of good quality and so they

secure meagre income. Hence, the people do not prefer second crop.

3. As per the records of employment exchange, 14,568 candidates only have

got registrations out of the total 1,31,340 applicants on L.R, at the beginning

of the year, but 1225 candidates only have got placements. This situation

makes, understand that, it occurs because of illiteracy, low level of education

and lower standards of education.

4. As per the official records available, it is understood that there is no required

facilities for professional education. The available education facilities do not

cope up with the needs of the aspirants. So also the employment

opportunities. People could secure either underemployment or no

employment. Moreover these implications show their impact on literacy

status of the inhabitants.

119

5. The major and medium scale industries could provide employment to around

700 personnel only and small scale industries to 215 persons only, because

of their low level of investment capacity resulting in low level of turnover.

In all the factories, the daily wage labourers account for 22,286, who could

gain meagre wages.

6. Medical facilities for both human and veterinary, as observed, are quite

insufficient. There are only a few number of hospitals and dispensaries

which provide 840 debs only to the patients. Even the number of doctors

discharging medical service are very less, even so the veterinary facilities.

They are not upto the need and requirement of growing population and their

growing needs.

7. As observed there are large numbers of different livestocks, on which many

people earn livelihood. There is also dairy procurement to a considerable

extent. But, here, it is to be noted that there is no sufficient food and fooder

for their livestock. Consequently people move out of their native places

along with their livestock, to the places where they could secure sufficient

fodder for their livestock besides food for them.

There is fish production also, but this production will be

possible/available whenever there is sufficient level of water at Jurala project

and other miner projects. It appears that it is, unreliable and undependable

business for earning income.

8. There are considerable number of banks and cooperative societies to

discharge services to people in Mahaboobnagar district. But, it is observed

that there is no deposits from the public/consumers to a considerable extent.

Even the cooperative societies providing loans to agriculture and allied

activities are not in sufficient number, the membership is less; the deposits

and advances are very inadequate; savings is negligible. These are all the

repercussions due less income of the people in Mahaboobnagar district.

120

It is also understood that the disbursement of loan might not be sufficient

to the requirement to administer the agricultural operations. Since, the amount of

loan afforded by co-op societies is in no way suffice to the needs, people do not

join these cooperative societies.

9. The most essential basic need, i.e., drinking water, is excessively

insufficient. In some of the areas this problem is precarious, with its

complete absence. People could not quench their thirsty throats, and if by

chance they get water, that is only polluted and unhygienic which is fluorine

contained.

10. As per the records, the warehousing facility is availably at three places only

throughout the district, that too at far away places to the villages. People find

it difficult to preserve their produce during rainy season and at the time of

occurrence of natural calamities.

The population is Mahaboobnagar district has increased decade by

decade and reached to 35,13,934 with a density 191 people per sq.km. But the

net sown area and the total cropped area is getting decreased. It shows that the

agricultural produce is not getting increased on par with the increase of

population. Besides, most of the people are illiterate and whose prime

occupation is agriculture and allied activities. When the agricultural operations

indicate decline, people do not have work to earn livelihood. They have no work

to do other than agricultural labour, which is absent. Hence, the people are

pushed to migrate, to other places especially to urbanized and industrialized

areas to secure at least humble labour with minimum wages to eke out

livelihood.

Moreover, Mahaboobnagar district is not blessed with better irrigation

and dreadful drought crushed them into poverty adding more adversity to the

panic misery of the people. Consequently people migrated to other places with

their bellies in hands, baggage on their heads and burden on their shoulders.

Hence weary people have left their withered lands and have migrated to the

places to take shelter in the mushrooming slums amidst busy buzz of jungle of

human beings, unknown to them.

121

Despite several literacy improvement programmes, literacy rate of the

inhabitants is unsatisfying. Besides, the district lacks in educational facilities to

obtain higher education. Employment opportunities are substandard. These

factors push the people out of their mother land in search of higher education

and better economic and employment opportunities.

Although major, medium and small scale industries have been

established in this district, the employment opportunities they provide are not to

the extent of the requirement of the inhabitants, since for many of them,

agriculture is the prime profession, they are not eligible to secure employment in

these factories. Due to unavailability of employment opportunities the mobility

of the Mahaboobnagarians has been taking place.

People depend on livestock for livelihood also tend to migrate, as there is

no food and fodder for their livestock.

The most essential need for human life, i.e., drinking water which is

available in this area could not quench the thirst of lacs of throats and whatever

water is available is fluorine contained, which deteriorates the health of the poor

inhabitants. These unfilled bellies and unquenched throats thrive to be thrown

away from their native villages.

Having been crudely crushed by these dreadful and precarious

conditions, due to drought promers left the people enjoy nothing but poverty.

Panicked in the pangs of miserable poverty people had to migrate to some other

areas where they could be afforded with at least minimum wages to earn

livelihood.

! ! !

“Circumstances are more powerful than man”.