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TRANSCRIPT
Investigating Words
Word Bank
August 2011Contents
PageIntroduction 4Linguistic Phonics Mapping Progression 5Yearly Planners 6-8
Stage 1 satpin 9 mocfrudhgkb 9 jevxlnwyz 9
Stage 2 vcc words 10 cvcc words 10 ccvc words 10 ccvcc words 11 cccvcc words 11
Stage 3 Multi-syllabic words 12 Compound words 12
Stage 4 double letters –ff, ll, zz, ss 13 ck 13 sh 13 ch 13 th 14 ng 14 qu 14 ar 14 Multi syllabic word list 15
Stages 5 & 6 ‘oa’ as in boat, grow, old, toe, home, though 16 ‘ow’ as in now, cloud, drought 17 ‘er’ as in faster, colour, collar, hurt, shirt, work 18 ‘ee’ as in he, eat, sleep, Pete, money, funny, chief, ski
19
‘ay’ as in play, pain, make, baby, they, break, eight, vein
20
‘e’ as in get, said, head, many, friend 21 ‘air’ as in pair, wear, care, where, their (optional)
22
‘oo’ as in do, too, full, could, glue, flute, fruit, through
23
‘igh’ as in night, find, ride, pie, cry, neither 24 ‘oy’ as in toy, oil 25 ‘u-e’ as in tune, tissue, few, menu, Europe 26 ‘aw’ as in saw, ball, sauce, taught, doll, bought 27 ‘u’ as in sun, touch, won, flood 28 ‘i’ as in slit, build, mystery, pretty, busy, sieve 29 ‘ar as in car, heart 30 ‘or’ as in for, war, wore 30
Stages 5 & 6 ‘s’ as in sit, miss, science, mouse, cycle, mice, listen
31
‘r’ as in rat, cherry, write, rhino 32 ‘l’ as in lips, bells, hospital, camel, pencil, handle
33
‘d’ as in dog, ladder, hugged 34 ‘k’ as in cat, kid, folk, Christmas, account, 35
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acquire ‘ch’ as in church, watch 36 ‘f’ as in fish, coffee, dolphin, calf, laugh 37 ‘g’ as in gate, egg, ghost, guess 38 ‘h’ as in house, who 38 ‘j’ as in jam, giant, orange, bridge 39 ‘m’ as in mask, lamb, hymn, hammer, calm 39 ‘n’ as in nut, dinner, knee, gnome, pneumonia 40 ‘sh’ as in ship, sugar, chef, ocean 40 ‘t’ as in tent, butter, jumped, private, debt, cassette
41
‘w’ as in web, wheel 42 ‘ve’ as in van, sleeve 42 ‘z’ as in zip, buzz, sneeze, cheese, laser, scissors
43
Separated sound 43 Overlap lesson 44 ‘ible’/’able’ 45 ‘ture’/’sure’ 45 ‘ary’/’ery’/ ‘ory’ 46 ‘ant’/’ent’ 47 ‘ance/ence’ 48 ‘ious’/ ‘ous’ 49 ‘tial’/’cial’ 50 ‘tion’/’cian’/’sion’/’ssion’ 51 Words for Syllable Identifcation 52 Tricky words 52 Schwa vowels 53 Odd Bods 54
Introduction
This booklet has been compiled to support a linguistic phonics approach.
At Stages 1-3 sample words are given that may be used for word building lessons. There is an expectation that once children are familiar with the most common sound-letter correspondences, they will be able to read and spell any words in the word-bank. Children should not be given words to spell at stages 1-3.
At Stage 4 children will encounter some variations, e.g. double consonants and alternative spellings, for example ‘ch’ as in ‘chip’ and ‘tch’ as in ‘witch’. It is
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important that they recognise the variation in the code at this stage, so encourage them to use words containing different spelling of the same sound.
At Stages 5 and 6 a selection of words is provided for each target sound including Latin endings. These words are arranged in phases for investigation. Children should be working comfortably at phase 3 before being given targeted spellings to learn. Choose words from each bank which are appropriate to age or interest, ensuring that a range of spellings for each target sound is presented at one time. Add other words to the word-bank that are of particular relevance or interest to your children.
Remember that the word-bank is providing words for investigation rather than a list of words to learn.
You may choose specific words from different phases which particular children or groups of children may find difficult to spell independently. Ensure children have a range of strategies to help them commit these words to long term memory. Words will be repeated in some phases to allow children to build on previous knowledge, helping them to make connections between familiar words and words they are currently learning.
The recommended teaching order is outlined in the yearly planner but do not miss valuable teaching opportunities by sticking rigidly to this – if children draw attention to words, containing unfamiliar spelling, in texts or their own writing, encourage investigation. As children begin to understand orthographic diversity they will begin to work out most of the code themselves. They will make connections and learn new spellings of particular sounds before they are explicitly introduced. This is what we really want to see happening!
As a linguistic phonics approach is based on how sounds in speech are represented in print, it is important that account is taken of local dialect and pronunciation. It may be necessary to move words into different categories if children’s pronunciation differs from that presented in the following pages, e.g. some children may not hear ‘ay’ in ‘cake’.
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Linguistic Phonics- mapping progression
Phase 1
During this phase children:
learn and consistently apply code knowledge from Stage 1-3
internalise the concepts that the same sound can be represented in different ways and that the same symbol may represent different sounds.
Phase 2
During this phase children:
internalise the most common representations and apply these in independent writing
demonstrate awareness of orthographic tendencies, using the ‘most likely’ option, e.g. ‘y’ at the end of a word to represent ‘ee’.
Phase 3
During this phase children:
begin to memorise the spelling of Stage 5 high-frequency words, where the spelling is unpredictable e.g. ‘street’.
(Stage 6 Lesson 3 “See it Right” is particularly important for pupils working in the third phase and beyond.)
develop awareness of the effect of grammar on spelling at a basic level, e.g. when changing tense: doubling letters hop – hopping /hopped changing letters y’– ‘ ie’ cry- cries; changing word functions: help – helpful – helpfully: fun - funny -funniest
homophones and homographs
e.g. road /rode lie/ lie
Phase 4
Once children have: investigated the
main orthographic patterns in English
internalised the spellings of most high-frequency words
can readily apply their knowledge when generating unfamiliar words
they are ready to explore more closely the impact of grammar on spelling and less common graphemes.
Children will become familiar with the impact of grammar on spelling and memorise words that do not follow any conventional spelling patterns, i.e. odd-bods such as ‘sword’ or ‘dungeon’
Children will be familiar with:
*Latin endings in more complex words *unusual plurals: antennae, formulae, stimuli *origins of spellings, root words *meanings of prefixes and suffixes, e.g. auto /bi /ness etc.
5
Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP2 Stage 1 6
weeks2wks sat pin2 wks mocfrudhgkb2 wks jevxlnwyz
Begin stage 2 1 wk CVCC and VCC1 wk CCVC
Complete stage 21 wk CCVCC, CCCVC
1 wk Stage 3 multisyllablic words
Stage 4 2 -3 wks, beginning with some doubles e.g. ff ,ll, ss, zz etc.Introduce ck, sh, th, ch, qu, ar, ng.
Stage 5 One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)
ee, er, oa, igh, ow, ay, v/ve,
Stage 5 One week for each of the sounds below :(order optional)
oo, aw, w, e, or, oy
Revision of codeie, aw, ee, oaer, ay, oo
Children discover some additional consonant variations throughout the year e.g. s/ss/se, f/ff/ph, c/k/ck, w/wh, d/ed. Take the opportunity to investigate them as they arise.P3 Stage 1 & 2
1 week(Provide scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)
Stage 3 & 4 1 week
Stage 5 One week for each sound below:(order optional) ee, ow, er, oa, ay, oo
Stage 5 continued
One week for each of the sounds Below: (order optional):
igh, aw, e, oy, d, w/wh
Stage 5-6 continued
il/le/ll, se/ss/ce, v/ve, c/ck/ch
ee, igh, aw, ay (Emphasise ‘separated sound’ with igh and ‘ay’)
Revision of the code:
er ow oa oo
Stage 5-6 continued
t, kn, j/g, h/wh,* (*Link with fractions: half-whole)
Revision of the codeSelect the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.
Sentence and Word level:word endings – plurals, past tense, present tense
Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, plurals, contractions
Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, plurals, contractions
Children discover some additional consonant variations throughout the year e.g. f/ph,ch/tch, kn, mb, h/wh, j/g, g/gh, sh/s, z, t
Take the opportunity to investigate them as they arise.
Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP4 Stage 2 lesson
3 1 week: nonsense words(Provide
Stages 5/6
One week for each sound:
Stages 5/6
One week for each of the sounds
Revision of the code:
igh, aw, e, ay,
Stage 5/6 Variations
gh/g; or/ar;
6
scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)
Stage 3- 4 1 week Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)oa, ow, er, ee, ay, oo,
(order optional)
igh , aw, e, ew d
Consonant Variations
il/le/ll se/ss/ce
below(Order optional) i, u, oy, (air)
Consonant Variationsr/wr; kn/n/nn; m/mm/mb/; j/g; h/wh
ee, oa,
Consonant Variationsch/tch; ph/f/ff
z/zz/s/se;
tt/t/ed; c/ck/ch:
sh/s; w/wh
Select the stage 5 sounds children are experiencing difficulty with and use for investigation with these variations.
Sentence and Word level:verb tenses-present, past, future, prefixes and antonyms
Sentence and Word level:plurals, verbs, suffixes
Sentence and Word level:pronouns, prefixes –antonyms
P5Stage 2 lesson 3:nonsense words-1 week (Provide scaffolded support for those children experiencing difficulty.)
Stage 3- 4 1 week
Stage 5/6 VariationsOne week for each of the sounds below:(order optional) oa, ow, er, ee, ay, oo
Stage 5 /6 VariationsOne week for each of the sounds below:(order optional)
igh; aw; e*; ew; d/dd/ed; t /tt/ed; se/ss/ce;
*ending – ant/ent
Stage 5 /6 Variations
kn/n/ nn/gn; i*; u; (air)
w/wh; ch/tch; f/ph; m/mm/mb; r/wr/rr/rh
*ending - ist/est
Endings2 weeks tion/sion* ible/ableture/sure*
Stage 5-6 Variationsc/ck/ch; gh/g; sh/s*; l/il/le/ll; oy; j/g/dge/ge
*These phonemes may be investigated at the same time.
Revision of the code
Ending - ory/ery/ary
Select the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.
Sentence and Word level:verb tenses, adverbs, homographs, homophones, suffixes
Sentence and Word level:adjectives, suffixes, plurals
Sentence and Word level:pronouns, common roots, prefixes, suffixes, homographs
Sept-Oct Nov-Dec Jan-Feb March-April May-JuneP6
Stage 2 lesson 3 1 week (nonsense words)
Stages 3 & 4 1 week
Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional) oa, ow, er, ee. igh, Special Endings Stage 61 week (shun) tion/cian/sion/ssion
Stages 5/6
One week for each of the sounds below: (order optional)ay, e, oo, aw
Special Endings: 4 weeks ible/able, ent/antence/ance, us/ous
Stages 5/6
One week for each of the sounds;(order optional)u, se, le, i
Special Endings: 4 weeks ory/ery/arycious/tious/scious/xioustial/cial/si sure/ture
Schwa vowel: mountain, luggage
Stages 5/6
One week for each of the sounds;(order optional)ue, ph, kn/n, wr, j, g , t (air)
Some of these may only take ½ a week tch, sh, g /gh, z, ck, oy
Revision of the code
Select the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.
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Sentence and Word level:adverbs, plurals, prefixes, suffixes, word roots
Sentence and Word level:homophones, homographs, antonyms, pluralisation of nouns
Sentence and Word level:apostrophe, prefixes, suffixes, words from other languages, word origins
P7
Stage 2 lesson 3 1 week(nonsense words)
Stage 3 & 4: 1 week Stage 5One week for each of the sounds below:(order optional) oa, ow, er, ee igh
Special Endings: Stage 6
1 weektion/cian/sion/ssion
Stage 5/6
One week for each of the sounds below:(order optional)
ay, e, oo, aw
Special Endings: 4 weeks ible/able ent/antence/ance us/ous
Stage 5/6
One week for each of the sounds:(order optional)
u, se, le, i,
Special Endings: 4 weeks ory/ery/arycious/tious/scious/xioustial/cial/sialsure/ture
Stage 5/6
ue, ph, kn/n, wr , j, t (air)
Some of these may only take ½ a week tch, sh, g, ck, oy
Revision of the code
Select the stage 5/6 sounds with which children are experiencing difficulty.
Sentence and Word level:prefixes, suffixes, words from other languages, word origins
Sentence and Word level:Plurals, prefixes, suffixes, origins of words, e.g. Latin roots
Sentence and Word level:suffixes, adjacent consonants, adjacent vowels, schwa vowel, adjectives/adverbs, comparatives and superlatives
Stage 1 One letter / one sound (cvc, vc )
First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
an sat tip patat tap panit nap pininis*as*
nantantin
pitpatsat
First 100 HFW First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
had it hat did copdad on man dog mopcan big ran hot mapup him cat top cap
m o c f r u d h g k b
s a t p i n
8
but his* has us cupmum did am fun cutif not sat run cubis*in
gotof*
bad sun cabfab
First 100 HFW
Next 200 HFW
get yes dip yes bopred did yet topbed lip vet totfox zip jet notbox zap jot net
lad wit wet
* Not pure stage 1 words but children should be able to read them using Stage 1 knowledge (normalisation strategy)
Stage 2One letter / one sound - longer and more complex words
(vcc, cvcc, ccvc, ccvcc)
First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
and end antalp
askact
elkelf
amp opt asp
First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
went can’t rust nest deskhelp fast lump sand milkjust last silk rest damp
gran jump rent campnext lent bulk fistlet’s test bent lampbest west mask sentwind soft felt lendstop golf gift sandlots limp task landmust sulk dump pest
j e v x l w y z
vcc words
cvcc words
9
First 100 HFW
from* stopcrab
tripdrop
drumslot
twintrot
plotclan
snip snap spit spot trimswat crop plot glen slipblot flap stab grip planglad frog clap swim slabspat step pram clam swamtrap slap bled grit plopplop plum slug flop grin
grand craft twist spendcramp gland stamp blaststump slump stand blenddrift trend blunt crispglint brand crest printgrunt clump frost crust
clankclinkplankdrunk
flankdrinkslinktrunk
drankblinkblankstunk
skunkspankstink
Next 200 HFW
plants splat prompt scriptdidn’t strap strict scrum
strip splits crispssplit strips splint
cccvc, cccvc, ccvccc, cccvcc words
ccvc wordsvc words
ccvcc words
n/ng words words
10
sprat struts strand
*These words will present more difficulty for spelling than for reading. Children should be encouraged to use the context to help them normalise the pronunciation of these words when reading.
Stage 3 Multi-syllabic wordsWords at this stage contain sounds introduced at Stages 1 and 2.
Two syllable wordsNext 200 HFWgrandad exit rapid conduct content extinct
contest intend contact solid expelnapkin consist public disgust examsunset frantic construct tonsil excelkidnap infect static contract extendDublin picnic exist handstand compelsplendid admit hectic satin conflictBrazil pilgrim transmit unplug metricunjust expand album suspend Scotlanddenim credit subject nostril transfixBelfast panic robin gremlin zigzaginsect comic pumpkin plastic dentist
dragon* canal* London* ransom* petal* seldom*magic* salad* atlas* vandal* absent* dismal*
hundred*
lemon* distant* rascal* seven*
trumpet*
problem* canvas* second* medal*
pedal* velvet* victim* landed* (*These words contain schwa vowels (stage 6). Children would not be expected to spell them at stage 3, but should be able to use existing knowledge to read them.)
Three + syllable words animals* Atlantic cabinet develop disposal*banana plentiful atomic embankment elegant*fantastic compliment abracadabra contradict consultant*hospital* benefit habitat tropical*(*These words contain schwa vowels (stage 6). Children would not be expected to spell them at stage 3, but should be able to use existing knowledge to read them.)
compound wordsblindfold handbag handstand humdrum upondustpan handcraft humbug inset himself
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**Prefixes and suffixes can be introduced, e.g. helpful/unhelpful; extend/expel
Stage 4Sounds represented by more than one letter
First 100 HFW
Next 200 HFW
off eggs bluff well mess fuzz mittrabbit coffin tell kiss jazz kitten
cuff pull press fizz bottomtraffic hill pass whizz mittensniff will toss buzz cottonfluff still stress razzmataz
zattic
First 100 HFW
Next 200 HFW
back duck sock Jack unpack muckkick sick deck packluck stuck brick stickneckblackpick
locklickbrick
kicksucksack
trickattackstuck
Next 200 HFW
wish shot crash shrug punishfish ash flash shrub vanish
shed gash gosh Spanishcash lash posh selfishdish shrink fresh unselfishship shred blush fleshshopshut
shiftrush
flashshin
lash
Stage 4
Double Consonants ff ll ss zz tt
sh
ck
12
Next 200 HFW
much chug such bench check chickenchum chip clench fetch childrenlunch chill pinch match stretchchamp chin hunch drench thatchbunch punch branch patch chisel
First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
this than maths thick thrush monthwith that’s bath think froth Odd-bodthem cloth width hundredth thethe
Next 200 HFW king stung strong sitting stockinglong bring hang singing lickingalong string bang thrilling wettingthings strung hung swimming ringing
wing ring song bringing
quick squid quench quest quitquiz squint squat quack quinquilt squish quell quill quest
‘qu’ is actually 2 separate phonemes but are usually encountered together in English
Stage 4
carfarmmarket
parkbarstar
harmartcart
partsmartshark
sharparchmarch
ng
qu
ar Odd-bod
ch Variations – ‘ch’/’tch’ – ‘chip’/’catch’; ‘wh’/’w’ – when, ‘which’/’witch’
Odd bod: areOdd-bod
th
13
armjar
darkcard
hardyard
sparbarn
scarfchart
First 100 HFW Next 200 HFW
when which whipwhizzwhack
whiskwhamwhiff
Multisyllabic words
(These words contain only sounds introduced at Stages 1, 2 and 4)
bandstandbackdrop
acting comment fossil publishadmit complex insult punish
Batman axis consent invent rabbitbedbug backing convict jackpot radishcatnap bandit correct mimic rubbishdesktop banish cosmic nomad shoppingdustbin bankrupt costing non-stop sluggisheggshell bashful credit nutmeg spellingflagship blinking dandruff object splendidfrogman cabin discuss obstruct stockinglunchbox candid dismiss ostrich suspectsandbag cannot distress padlock tripletsandbank check-up exempt polish upsetsandpit chopstick fabric profit vanishwindmill collect fishing project wigwam
Stages 5 and 6(Same sound represented different ways/same symbol representing different
sounds)
‘oa’ The old boat can go slowly.
oa boatow growo oldoe toe
o-e homeou soulough though
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
no slow clothes sown soul/ sole chorego home know doe/dough arrow potion
wh
14
so know hope thrown oboe depotdon't more throw woe pillow gloatold door* glow though elbow chateau oh only soap wrote boast gateaux going told phone coach cargo ozone cold before both yolk /yoke ghost localboat window
snowowe joey mould flora
show
mostyellowoveralsotoe/towgoesbowrowcoatboneopencroak
going loaf/ loaves scold decodegoattoe
closegrowfloatopenedgroantoastrosenosegoatwokewon’theroesfoesshowed
brokemoanedsmokewon’tspokenfollowedthroatclothesnoticesupposetomorrowtomatoessore/soarsew
radioapproachshoulderdoughnutforebodecrocusmomentalthoughmicro-chipporeloatheshoalcourse/coarsebrooch
rodentbungalowcoaxingpotatoesharrowingpromotionannotatexylophonepromotehypnosismicrophonestethoscopeexplosionsword
*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘o’, e.g. ‘go’ and ‘hop’Consonant Variations Prefixes and Suffixes
ph phone kn know gh ghost pro pronoun
scope
microscope
f fat n no g go protest telescopeff puff gn gnom
egg jogging propoe stethoscop
e
Stages 5 and 6‘ow’
The clown is in the brown house.ow nowou cloudough drought
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
now how brow noun bow ouncedown our foul bounce bough chowderout round fowl allow pouch insurmountabl
e house shoute
dgown shower towel lounge
about mouse power cloud aloud grout
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
15
brown found south vowel allowed prowlershout town mouth aloud drought scoundrelcow around pound miscount wound encounterowl howl trout drown vowels bountifulloud sound flour amount account scowling
sow flower powder astound towellingcrowd scout plough surround cowardlyclown about proudest discount floundercount frown blouse disallow doubtlesscounting
outing prowl fountain powerless
shouting counted thousand rebound throughoutoutside ground frowned doubted empoweredgrowl loudly thousandth bounced thousandth
grouch without allowance dumbfoundedcrown crowded mountainous announcemen
tpout grounded background mispronounceeyebrow trousers roundabout counselling
*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘ow’, e.g. cow and snow.Consonant Variations
se mouse ss pass c cents sit sc scent st listen
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list. .
Stages 5 and 6
‘er’ Bert has dirt on his shirt.
er faster ur hurt our colour ir shirt ar collar or work
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4chergirlhereotherveryafterever
water world occur armour jurorevery different horror author murmurriver colour serve odour humouranother narrator church acre harbournever nurse verse murder labourletter purse actor dollar martyr
16
overbird
after worm cellar burglar surgeon mother liar sterner sensor surround
faster brother shirt litre thirsty glamoursister motor circle difference surfacefirst bigger
doctor birth
metrethinner
perfectsemicircle
energysurgery
work finger river modern orcharddirt stern collar partner researchword skirt burger perfume purposeturn father colourful furnish modernthird summer adverb permit thirtiethunder butter silver chapter surveywinter enter camera slither interest
there*their*were*where*
sir number monster disturb governmentSaturday upward visitor exercise restaurantThursday verb mystery stranger millilitre
October homework perimeter millimetreNovember return surprised universitySeptember calendar binocular circumferenceDecember computer personal surmount
*** Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘or’, e.g. doctor and forConsonant Variations Prefixes and suffixes
dge Badger ge large per perfect, permit, personalj Jumper g germ sur surround, surrender
surmountN.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Satges 5 and 6
‘ee’Pete is asleep in his seat.
e he ee sleepea eat e-e Peteey money y funnyie chief i ski ei weird
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4csee keep floppy teeth piece/ peace eager he even suddenly peach early eithershe key people niece seize pulley we sleep thief steep thief/ thieves schemebe feet year scene /seen alley relief me queen heel / heal coffee steel/steal routinetree each eve honey weird similebeen tea many freeze marine deceive
17
sea green bean sneeze demand receiptthese please story angry thirsty achievebegan he’s read/reed speech reason beliefneed we’re east field receive extreme
daddy bleed movie ceiling dieseleat agree stories athlete cuisineeveryone equal empty machine believebaby dream season believe detestmummy taxi toffee entry freedomvery creep frosty shield hygienesixteen treat babies release treasonfifteen cheeky donkey decrease scalenetwenty teacher storey increase retrievethree fifteen chimney journey agreementhappy sixteen beneath complete equilateralseen twenty happily creakily believablestreet ski everybody treatment completely
Consonant Variations Prefixes and suffixes
ve leave anti antiseptic, antidote, antifreezev vet -ly lovely, finally, quietly, friendlyf of
‘ay’Jane is in pain today.
ay play ai paina-e make a babyey they ea breakeigh eight aigh straightei vein et ballet
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
they away mail/male weigh display hesitatesaid* again chain vein/vain disarray translationday take ace prey/pray surname exclaimmade way grey stale survey exclamationcame baby sail /sale weight/wait neighbour creationmake gave tail/tale apron raisin hesitateplay may afraid waste/
waistache acquaintanc
esay head* cage claim steak/stake acquaintpain place paint breath ballet availablesame great always railway delayed complaintrain really babies praise phrase disgrace
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
18
game paper cafe translate entertaineight bake plane/plain convey surveyoreighteen baker relay demonstratio
ndisarray
ate traced sleigh/slay praising indicatepaid snake remain pavement gaugesafe April obey trailer fragrantlate eighty danger remainder crochetage table straight essay betrayalbirthday dismay create dismay croquetyesterday great rain / rein/ mayhem feint/ faintholidays break/brake reign straighten evaporateSunday playground greatest betray operateMonday mistake displayed maintain operationWednesday
later unashamed convey immediate
Thursday Tuesday safety reindeer bouquetSaturday crayons patience portrayal
maintenance
**Stage 5 Lesson 2 -Introduce overlap for ’ea’ as in ‘break’/’tea’; ‘ey’ as in ‘they’ key
Prefixes and suffixesdis display, dismay, displace, disarrayate imitate, demonstrate, hesitateage baggage, manage, average, garage
Stages 5 and 6
‘e’ My friend spread jam on her bread.
e get ai saidea head a many ie friend
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
get friend dead heaven leisure edibleyes better health feather dreadful steadfastred eggs ready instead weapons pleasantbed again getting excess energy pheasantwent any seven breath excepted unleadedhelp many spread steady enemy threadnext lend dent already unsettle leisurelylet’s read heavy healthy wealth aestheticend head against weapon breadth centrallybest shed breakfast lead/led entrance deitythen tent chest fetch leopard revvedthem felt spend leather friendship heiferwhen less bend pencil heaviest steadily
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
19
well eleven friendly slept bellow befriendtell twelve scent sweat pleasant mentorsfell yet bled death unfriendly envioussaid bread dread meant yellow friendliness
left deaf trend depth enviablebelt edit elephant headstrong pleasantlysmell where/
were*letter anyhow befriended
desk there/their* mention centre weatheredfair/fare* weather central energeticbear/bare* whether bury centralisedhair/hare* expect burial deafening
beggar mentioned exceptioncontempt readinessspecial educational
eccentric
* These words may be
investigated under ‘air’ as a separate category. Some children may hear them as ‘er’.Prefixes and suffixes
ex exit excepten enable electro electrocute
Stages 5 and 6
N.B. This phoneme depends on accent. These words can sound like an ‘er’ sound to some children. They can also be taught as ‘e’ - w e re h ai r
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
‘air’ Clare sat in the chair.
air pairear wearare careere whereeir their
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
First 100HFW
Next 200HFW
her where fair /fare rare careless scarcewere bear there stare/stair carefulness aircraftthere there’s where chair fairground thereupontheir air bear/bare mare scare daredevil
air unfair hairdresser scarecrowheard theirs thereby thereaftertheir dairy bareheaded sparinglywere aware barefooted thereaboutsshare fairy staircase silverwarecare repair wearable warehousehair/hare wearing software whereuponsquare careful hardware shareholderchair nowhere anywhere bearerdare everywher
eairway aerodynamic
somewhere wheelchair bewareairport swearaeroplane flairdespair flare
20
Stages 5 and 6‘oo’
He drew a blue shoe on his book.o dooo toou fulloul couldough through
ue glueu-e fluteew flewui fruit
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
to good through ruin route taboolook would couldn’t cruel cruise pollutiontoo school should shook recruit foolproofdo soon school flute oozing balloonistcould blue could choose poodle cartoonistlooked looking loose plural movement consumertook shoe poor kangaroo cruelty zoologistsbook pool suit /soot bruise improvement shrewdinto cool flew ooze parachute accruetwo moon balloon smooth mousse ruewho drew shouldn’t tomb moose Zuluyou football today gloomy throughout presumeyour afternoon canoe pollute manoeuvreroom clue prove plural parachutefood truth proof jewel moosezoo ghoul cartoon bruised mousse
childhood goose untrue lampoon~pull~full
broom threw/through
rural jury
shrewdpursuit
~pulled ~pushed neighbourhood
tattoo pursue
~put fluent~push rheumatism
~ depends on accent Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘u’ as in ‘full’/but’; ‘o’ as in ‘hop’/’to’
Prefixes and suffixeshood childhood, neighbourhood, adulthoodful forgetful, thankful, painful, careful, fully thankfully, cheerfully, joyfully, successfully
21
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘igh’Mike can fly his kite high in the sky.
igh nighti-e ridey cry
i findie pieei neither
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
I find wise decide qualify tyrantmy I’ll fine sighed crocodile bicepslike right wild driver deny silenceI’m night child fighter reptile nylonby I’ve blind reply quite pylontime why life replied python collidenight cried whitest spider vampire incitepie inside while multiply direction hygienenine eyes write shine stride acquiresky white died spied height combinecry liked die / dye rely insight ryetie giant island isles/aisles decide parasitehide fly flight quiet silent diagrammatic
find shy guide style cyanidehigh slight strike windpipe bienniallight lie divide survive baptisedfight lying polite magnify awrybike kite knife bicycle hyphenkind July delighted resign assignmentfive fried knight realised countersignmice size sign expired felinenineteen pride idea defy pantomimeFriday crime
directtypeguide
appliedsilent
appetitedesigner
trial occupy paradiseOdd-bods
buy/ bye/by eye /dye
Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Introduce overlap for ‘y’ as in ‘my’/’happy’/’yet’; ‘ie’ as in ‘pie’/’chief’; ‘i’ as in ‘find’/’hit’
Stages 5 and 6
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
22
‘oy’
The hand points to the toy.
oy toyoi oil
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
boy boy toilet choice loyalty unemployment boil boil enjoy loyal noisiest moisturisetoy toy noise destroy appointment poisejoy joy point moisture choices hoistingoil oil annoy annoyance ointment tabloidcoin coin spoiled destroyed employer boisteroussoil soil noisy annoying poisonous thyroidjoin join joint avoid oysters disjointboys boys royal ploy appoint tannoytoys toys coy overjoyed foiling paranoid
boiled spoilt enjoyable pinpoint rejoicingboiling pointed cowboy alloy annoyancefoil annoyed voice turmoil asteroidjoys void pointless royalty clairvoyantcoil hoist tortoise sirloin rhomboidspoil moist poison employment trapezoidcowboy joiner disloyal oiliness deltoidtoil boiling convoy invoice disloyaltytomboy employ disappointme
ntandroid flamboyant
toyshop joyful voyage toiled flamboyancerecoil adenoidsandroid destroyeradenoid corduroy
Odd bod exploitationbuoy
Stages 5 and 6
u-eThe pupils sang beautiful tunes.
u-e tuneue tissueew few
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
23
u menueu Europe
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
new rescue unusual barbeque use knew continuing skewercube uniform statue amusementsmenu cuboid accuse musicaltube view student populationcute music volume Europeanfew pupil excuse communicationfuel value future avenueJanuary human popular feudJune argue regular renewJuly stupid obtuse accusationtune beautiful unique review newt nephew refuel vacuumstew continue refuse museum
huge united defusefewest fuelled fuselagedew congratulation
sconstrue
amused cue / queue communeamusing queuing demuremule fuse mutant
Odd bod untrue beauty moleculeTuesday Euro Europe revenue
guru
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
‘aw’ a ball aw sawau sauce o doll augh taughtough bought
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b
Phase 4c
Paul saw the doll fall.
24
was tall thought pause swallow * instalmentall called smallest washed wander * dauntingsaw ball what* caught daughter trawlerwhat small claws wardrobe naughty oughtdraw water August awful laundry applausecall want also drawer Autumnal applauddoll wanted always taught awkward audiencedog walk pond wasp astronaut jauntlong talk thaw crawl slaughter mauveof because hawk almost pauper faultyon along lawn sausage automati
crestaurant *
jaw award recall shawl dawdleoff watched sauce launch awningdawn bought sprawl coleslaw trawlerwash yawn fault* exhaust cauldronstraw brought spawn flawless installupon Autumn alter overdraw
nenthralled
watch haunt saucer squall assault *football author stalk auction authenticodd Santa Claus haunted caution autobiography
tallest saucepan audible awesomechalk already daub somersault
Oddbod although nautical auspiciousdoes cosmonaut
* depends on accent
Stages 5 and 6
‘u’ u sunou toucho won oo flood
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
mum other suddenl double roughest crumbled
My cousin and my brother love the sun.
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
25
ybut another trust thumb husband compassup brother lunch flood trouble floodlightus mother wonder cousin younger hungriestfun jumped sum young country discoveriesrun under some tough enough troublesomesun coming circus rough suddenly troubledjust pulled above dusty discovery tediousmust month funny touching hundredth forumpush won money blood countries industrypull Monday front glove hungry industrialmuch dust summer brush thunder industriousduck stuff supper number umpire fabulousput luck touch tongue chorus countrysideson love bunch bubble tunnel luxury
jump dozen doesn’t smother luxuriousOdd-bods monkey adult floodgate luxuriouslycome dove buckle onion luxuriatesome hundred hungry untouchable poisonousdone hump sponge hungriest encoredoesn’t cover couple smother tussle
musty dumb flooded custodyyoungest dumbfounde
dcustodian
unnerved custodial
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘i’William will build a pyramid.
i slit ui buildy mystery e prettyu busy ie sieve
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
big did animals crypt pretty rhythmhim it’s different pyramid symbol orchidhis didn’t build family crystal circuitit wind live insect history physical
26
if think gives Egypt biscuit fissurein things its myth sympathy hyphenis fish it’s mystery system flimsywill still rip him division dolphinthis king chip hymn syllable mysteriouswith which whip quick distance cryptinto wish miss busy homonym pyjamaslittle miss chick builder antonym sievechildren
live chicken history synonym electric
lived six fifteen guilty guildsslip sixteen fifty gymnastics handkerchief
kid comic trimmed guillotinegift minute picture abyssgym willing instead mischief cabin intend public guineacity midnight impress chrysalis
biggest interest cylindricaltallestartist
minuteimmature
mysticalcygnet
dentistfastest Odd bod
acquitimmortal
women
Stage 5 Lesson 2 - Revisit overlap for ‘y’ in ‘pyramid’/’happy’
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘ar’
ar carear heart
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b
Phase 4c
target partner paramountparsnip remark tarnishdarkness artistic architectheart marvel cardinalalarm heartfelt popular ~heartbeat regular
~charm
~ depends on accent Phase 2-3b word lists have been included with the Stage 4 words as there is no variation to investigate. (P15)
Stage 5 Lesson 2- Introduce overlap for ‘ar’ – ‘car’/’collar/warm
Mark has a smart car.
27
‘or’or forar warore wore
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b
Phase 4c
for for war snort orchard swarmor or fork warned toward forewarnmorning morning warm passport absorb carnivorehorse horse forgot organ wardrobe thwart
warm ward corner uniform scornfulshort corn cornflakes foreseen lukewarmhorse short award resort assortment
warn acorn forego torturelord moral export forlornstork reward gorilla whereforemorning report transport ornatehorse warp assorted elaboratecork normal dwarf informationstorm correct reinforce
This phoneme is particularly tricky as there can be so much variation with accent! Select words that are most relevant to the children.N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘s’The mice like strong cheese.
s sit se mousess miss c cyclesc science ce micest listen ps psalm
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
sat miss December place ceiling presenceyes house city these descend presentssun faster glass please announce innocentbest some pencil voice wireless innocencestop said space contest science absencelots these prize castle careless translucentjust sleep pass lesson spotless translucencestill inside loss cycle impress magnificentsee sister square circle groceries magnificencesea mouse Spring cylinder cereal transparentslow first sound scene serial transparencyshow kissed princess circus ascend reminiscesay cheese press seasick success confession
Gordon wore his shorts for sport.
28
snow class sorry seventy scissors obtusesell spin bless sentence niece sentimentalspot less south unless possess expresssick nice twice sixteen force mistletoekiss seven sixty cancel thistle bustlesend mice Saturday icy prance fascinatesing seen Sunday useless whistle centimetremess six horse listen stress cinema
dress acid summit sword servanttoss school office choice bicyclechoose mercy decide symmetry fancysister screen cease glisten isoscelessoft distress selfish recessionstick recent psalm muscleface recipe scenery salvage
psychiccircumferenceceaseless
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘r’
r rat rr cherrywr write rh rhino
Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ctree great through recount quarrelgreen three around quarry renovategrow right friends wring horrificroom across carrying reflect irresistibledraw children wrong rhombus reactionrob rhino rhubarb berry terrifichurry wreck rainbow robbery shriekcarrot wrote writing terrible rivalryrock ramp squirrel wren wrestleroad marry carries relative rhinocerospurr narrow wrist wreckage registerrent ribbon wrinkle horrible irrelevant
The rhino saw a rainbow in the
29
lorry barrel rhyme wreath rhapsodymerry race rabbit remind remembrancerope tomorrow correct borrow surroundrib worry wrongly ready rhinestonecarry rubber refund realise respondrice write porridge narrator rumourring rack burrow repeat wrenchrich wrap replay remember roundabout
wrapping written rhythm
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘l’My uncle has several little pencils.
l lips ll bellal hospital el camelil pencil le handle ol symbol
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
lot plants along laughed tonsil tranquiltell live suddenly world hospital vessellet’s little pulled school vandal bramblewell long floppy placed mental severallike call clothes really syllable rambletall still colour tinsel local lopsidedfly pull yellow normal dismal examplecold girl laugh final cymbal royalball look children bundle symbol singlefell only latch devil ample terminalleg handle ankle angel capital quadrupletell tablecloth rival angle shallow civilkill last lovely topical national crystallove wall bundle couple vocal equilateralill loud smell pedal million quadrilateralload table total crumble optional pollute luck full candle equal alley parallelhill lucky twinkle doodle waffle collisionshell riddle fiddle evil kettle propelled
30
spill lock skull swallow ballet invisibilitylumpless
nibblelicklevel
novelpistolskill
kennelpetroluntil
vocalmisspellcholesterol
crystallineprincipleprobability
apple lolly puzzle fossil illusionlunchbible
unclerectangle
listenpupil
dentallollipop
chlorophyllcivilisation
triangle pencil laughter mathematicaldoublescramble
perilfuel
utensiltangle
physicalphenomenal
trial triple gradual
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘d’The dog liked to dance with daddy.
d dog dd ladder ed hugged
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
duck lived friends dozenhad didn’t children addressliked down different rainedday called lined puddingduck made dined doorneed would digging gazeddid draw blamed suddenlydaddy birds shudder grilledgood fiddle waved dozebad killed dance zoomeddog farmed danced giddyladder saddle dancer paddockdug asked trained dewadd filled dotted freedadding paddle killed muddyadded desk sadden filed
puddle downstairs
daring
joined planned named31
hummed wedding redderdamp daytime daffodildarkodd
debtmeddle
differentmaddening
middle thudded doubtdiesdying
shuddering
definiteadditional
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘k’The cat and the kitten saw the duck.
c cat k kidck duck lk folkCh Christmas cc account qu mosquito
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ckick liked couldn’t stuck kerb complaincat came coming chemist echo kernelduck make colour packet mechanical unluckycold cried clothes kilogram orchestra cabbagelike talk could kangaroo anchor unluckilycall could kennel ticket atomic kidneycan king trick character electric calculateback called bakery cattle chemical kioskcamp key kettle ache chorus acquirekid school rocket carpet scheme weekendcow kite pocket panic cholera chemistrylick quick Christmas shock accuse constantkill kept kitchen tickle choir chroniccup neck check chord acquire kingdomkiss cargo cabin keepsake accept carriagekit kitten kindness folk package accommodatekeep bank schoolbag stalk common technicalluck quit clock correct yolk accustomcot truck comic kilometre cough occupy
picnic backward shrink account occupationcatch blank quay cheque technologylink walked stalk folklore chroniclesock kidnap chorus townsfolk schemed
32
count quiet Christian choral mosquitokeen quite quietly liquid cliquewink chalk company electrical unique
choir kindlequeue
technologicalaccountant
Accent, accident and carthorse contain ‘tricky’ adjacent consonants. Acquire acquit also may present difficulties for spelling.N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
‘ch/tch’ The children walk to the church.
ch churchtch watch
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
much which stitch scratch scorch charitychop children cheer stretch mismatch chopstickswitch pitch patchy notch touch enchantmentchat chill inch butcher watchdog cheesecakechip chimp sketch search switchboard purchasedchick hatch lunch choose teacher creaturecatch hitch kitchen change chimney reproachmatch march torch church chipmunk stretcherrich latch ketchup switch future wretchedditch March beach batch cheetah butterscotchitch fetch chicken blotch chunky researcharch chain teach watchfully picture manufacture
child snatch matchboxes
sandwiches handkerchief
cheek such exchange hatchet structurewitch peach satchel orchard chocolatewatch preach spinach puncture
ostrich championcheque moisturearchery churlishcharcoal statureadventure catchphrase
wristwatch
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
33
Stages 5 and 6
f fish ff coffee ph dolphin lf calf gh laugh
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
if laugh muffin enough laughing afflictionfox laughed raffle nephew tougher unofficialfun friends fold telephone fountain physicalfast different suffer graph officer autographfrom floppy dolphin offend coughed draughtfish first fence tough microphone chauffeurfor faster stiff furniture fifth hemispherefell found final orphan affection troughfish gruff February cough phantom buffaloesfrog full calf photograph sufficient triumphantoff face fight rough sphere laughablefat fool office behalf giraffe affectionatel
ycuff puff film paragraph filter fulfilmentfix fizz bluff metaphor telegraph catastrophefog sniff first phrase flimsy ineffective
Friday forty apostrophe pheasant geographyfew half fault offence suffocategolf graph knife different blasphemephone farmer fountain afford offensivebefore photo alphabet effortless laughterstuff food friendship elephant fahrenheit
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
‘f’The telephone was beside the fridge.
34
Stages 5 and 6
g gate gg egg gh ghost gu guess
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cget grandad green ghetto guest guineaegg girl digging juggle guided cataloguedog got ghost ghoul beggar aggressivegoing good wiggle struggle guard gauntgreen goes guess gather disguise dialoguegot hugged stagger dragged gherkin smugglerbigger gone giggle goodbye guilt leaguebig wagged grey wagging guilty guaranteegun gold gate dagger jogging stragglinggap foggy biggest galore goalpost guerrillagoat game ghostly giggle luggage gorilla
gift garden golden garment intriguegang gang goggles guitar gauntletgive hugged guardian wriggled
‘h/wh’ Who is in the house?
h house wh who
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
he head heavyhe’s hope whoeverhad whole hospitalhat happy wholesalehim holiday perhapshis hole whollyhelp hundred hedgewho hunt wholemealher horse historyhave house happen
whom wholehearted
g/gh The ghost is by the gate.
35
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
j jam g giantge orange dge bridge
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
jam just giant smudge junction jealouscage jump bridge change generalisatio
nnegligence
jet jumped large charge suggestion jewellerypage magic stage digest generate tragedyjig germ edge grudge knowledge justicejust rage ginger jumper generous beveragejug jar fridge general junior jeopardyjob gem danger fudge sausage judgementjoy joke hedge jockey jackpot energeticallygel junk jelly jacket sludge exaggerationjag jeans gentle magical journey knowledgeabl
eJune ledge vegetable dredge acknowledgeJuly garage jungle digestion emergencyjail lodge damage porridge juvenilejigsaw joyful jetty legend registrationjazz gist energy energised legitimate
m mask mb lamb mn hymn lm calmmm hammer
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
me made madden common inflammable commenceman make numb thumb calmer psalmam small slammed commit command overwhelmmum magic autumn plumber palm qualmmust may lamb gimmick dilemma almondmiss mouse climb bomb comment columnmuch more calm magnetic stammered mischievousmay hammer mill recommen
dhymn gimmick
most mist mother myth marathon microscopemummy dummy comb simmer mummify immediately
drummer dumb mirror immediate symmetrical
‘m’The man hit his thumb with a hammer.
‘j’The giant stood on the bridge.
36
Mr Mrs
n nut nn dinner kn knee gn gnome pn pneumonia
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b
Phase 4c
in plants grandad narrator negative pneumoniacan went dragon nothing nursery campaignman next animals knight unknown nervousran didn’t friends knuckle knowingly pneumaticnot wind children knitting nation assignfun than different thinner announce noveltyrun nice another gnash connect acknowledg
esun then suddenly gnawed disconnect malignand when under beginning gnarled neithercan’t know one novel neglect innocentgran gone once gnat gnu innocenceend snow again foreign gnawing colognenew under began knowledge sovereign nocturnalbeen night window rain / rein/ reign resign connoisseurneed giant around natural mnemonic connivebegan down morning tennis naturally champagnesoon brown no/ know knot conscience noxiousgreeneveninside
runningsunnyknee
wantedgnomeknocks
sign spannerknife/knives
consciousscience
condensationcondescend
‘sh/s’
sh ship s sugarch chef ce ocean
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
push shop shower machinery brochurefish sure shake shoulder shrivellingwish share machine chalet scheduleshoe sugar chef shameful shortcomingsshould shine brush chateau moustacheshouted shown mushroom shepherd shockingly
push shallow ocean chauffeurselfish shadow oceanic surefootedshirt parachute shudder schedulecrash tissue shredded champagnesurely issue shining conscience
‘n’ The gnome hurt his knee.
‘sh’/’s’ The chef put the sugar in the bowl.
37
38
Stages 5 and 6‘t’
Thomas jumped into the private tent.
t tent tt butterbt debt te private
ed jumpedtte cassette
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
top plants tomorrow attack laughed temperature
at rabbit narrator television attain pterodactylhat better tonight watched debt settlementcat great pretty attach watt subtlesat looked to/too/two teacher flinched thyme/timeget take bottle batter arctic typicalgot better ticket knocked doubt doubtlesshot different walked written pattern frighteninglots jumped tiny finished remarked contentmen
tcan’t talk thanked towel attire mattressesfast little tired attic waste/waist temptationlast tool tapped motto scatter embankme
ntwent putting forgotten tough fettle attainmentnext tank tied iced route/root bastelet’s time bottom litter smoked salutebest tail stamped tyre/tire tattoo curateit’s barked tear washed private parachutedidn’t rattle settle tripped butt brunettestop getting button tooth doubtful arteriesstill today brushed battle indebted pirouettejust locked kettle tongue sett cassettemust torch matter bitten utter mentor
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Stages 5 and 6
39
‘w/wh’ w web wh wheel
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
what where work whetherwhen away world weatherwhere wanted wave wardrobewhich which wheel whereaswent walk wand weirdwind water whisper whiffwith wash wasp worsewas white wither wheezewish watch wilder worthone whip wide whimwill window whale wisdomwhy while wicked whimperway wise woman woundwere wild weekend whiskerwing whisk worry wolveswind week wheat wonderfulwell witch whack wastewinter woke Wednesda
ywaists
‘ve’ He put on his gloves and got into the van.
v van ve sleeve
Phase 2 Phase 3a
Phase 3b
Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
have livedlive evenever everyvery glovevet haven’tvan givengives velvetvisit ventgive sleevelove river
aboveN.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
The whales were in the water.
40
‘z’ The zebra in the zoo is very lazy.
z zip ze sneeze s laser
zz buzzse cheesess scissors
Phase 2
Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a
Phase 4b Phase 4c
his please quiz amaze dazzleis buzz legs blouse drizzleas zoo zebra cozy scissorshas fizz busy zone mazewas zoom choose crazy pleasant
fuzz present desert seizezip please zipper presidentzero lazy dizzy possess
zigzag prison chiselwas zest xylophoneprize fizzy guzzlebuzzer jazz zinc
N.B. Words in bold are in the first 100 high frequency wordlist. Words in bold and italics are in the next 200 high frequency word list.
Separated sounds like fine tame spoke spadehome sale fine strike quitecame hole mine smoke stonemake tale side shake chasetime hope cave shine whitecone mule rope throne smiletake pile drive quake globesame plane rule while stagebone tile hate phone chokemale pole woke scene blazebite kite time those primesafe age tune pride whaletide mime wage froze shapemate cage note chime revereeve lute doze grime introducecomparedictatelemonade
wifecompleteinterfere
alikedespiterecite
dosethronealcove
competelonesomealike
Lesson 5 Lesson 3 Overlap lesson
(The same spelling representing more than one sound.)41
Opportunities for overlap lessons will naturally occur as children are generating words, reading texts, investigating and sorting words. Teachers should plan overlap lessons to reinforce prior knowledge, e.g. when children already know ‘o’ as in ‘hot’, introduce overlap for ‘o’ as in ‘hot’ and ‘go’. When overlap is likely to occur it is important to think of a selection of age-appropriate words to investigate. for example:
‘y’My mummy has a yellow yo-yo.
y yes y flyy mummy y hymn
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cyes your eighty company country jeopardymummy July yesterday hymn antonym pseudonymyet yellow type magnify pyramid mysterybaby happy yoke/yolk history beauty tyrannyyap yard every rhyme synonym hypnotismdaddy sly yourself classify quality hydrogenyell easy reply geography sympathy pharmacymy year dirty cycle crypt Olympicyo-yo pigsty apply January allergy ecstasycry butterfly hurry terrify hyphen luxurytry young multiply library luxury awry
family yoga satisfy horrify canyonnoisily pyjamas psychology
‘ture’/’sure’These endings are similar and may easily be confused.
ture mixture sure measure
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cadventure agriculture composuretreasure assure enclosurenature culture acupunctur
ecapture closure disclosurepleasure fracture architecturemeasure displeasure caricatureculture furniture fissurepressure ensure temperatur
e
‘ible/able’ ible invisible able workablePhase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
comfortable admirable fashionableinvisible admissible reasonablepossible edible audibleresponsible adorable impossiblevegetable incredible drinkablesensible reliable invinciblefable forgettable valuablereliable arguable reversiblehorrible divisible excitablecable workable indestructibleprobable flexible permissibleterrible removable understandab
letable avoidable gulliblearguable invincible abominableable irritable accessibleenjoyable likeable susceptibleacceptable unmistakable availableedible believable illegiblecapable considerable inflammableadvisable credible legibleflexible irresistible knowledgeabl
eagreeable payable changeable
42
unsure gesture leisurecreature erasure miniaturefuture venture immaturedeparture exposure signaturefeature torture moisturefixture insure puncture
‘ary’/’ery’/ ‘ory’ary libraryery braveryory category
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cscary burglary factorybattery celery mysterymemory category ordinarysalary legendary necessarypottery compulsory stationerylibrary grocery stationarydiary glossary nurserybakery conservator
yjewellery
primary lavatory temporaryslippery recovery imaginarygallery secretary historylottery respiratory dictionaryivory temporary voluntarybravery satisfactory laboratorynecessary vocabulary temporaryevery surgery discoverydelivery anniversary machineryFebruary query extraordinar
ymystery military sceneryhistory solitary cutlery
victory complimentaryhereditaryconfectioneryinvoluntary
Oddbod cemeterydairy advisory
43
‘ant/’ent’ ant distantent absent
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cgiant elephant arrogantabsent excitement consequentinstant brilliant blatantadvent experiment restaurantclient elegant efficientpant compliment currantdistant independen
tcurrent
agent ignorant fluorescentplant apparent dependentdent magnificent dependantevent vacant independen
cerant argument urgentfluent obedient descendantslant abundant subsequentintent accent inelegantinvent adamant succulentrodent insolent immigrantevident sufficient consistentattendant constant extravagantdifferent dominant competentmoment patient equivalentimportant pleasant relevantcement irrelevant reluctantfrequent permanent militantexcellent transplant exuberanttyrantpatient
Presidentdeficient
valiantefficient
scent/sentparent
significantancient
transparentproficient
The words from ant/ent list have been used to form words with ance/ence, where appropriate. Several words: frequency, efficiency, etc. were then included as an alternate ending. Extra words have also been added for investigation. Phase 4a words were kept for differentiation purposes.
44
‘ance/’ence ance distanceence absence
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4cdistance significance arroganceabsence patience consequenc
einstance brilliance fluorescenc
eexcellence insolence dependenceimportance elegance extravaganc
eevidence ignorance competenceattendance independen
ceequivalence
difference dominance relevancemagnificence
reluctance
obedience exuberanceirrelevancepermanenceabundance
subsequenceinelegancesucculenceconsistence
frequency efficiencyconsistency
deficiencysufficiency
entranceconstancytransparencyproficiencyurgency
confidenceresistanceincidenceconsequencerelianceinnocenceviolenceassistance
hindranceremembranceallegianceeloquenceintelligencevengeancedominanceinterferenceperseverance
‘ious’/ ‘ous’ ious precious ous famous45
Phase 2 Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4ccactus fabulous preciousrhombus furious suspiciousabacus glorious obnoxiouschorus curious ambitiouscircusfungus
infamousgenerous
spaciousindustrious
minus humorous infectiousvirus furiously anxiousenormous serious consciousfamous jealous deliciousapparatus hilarious fictitious
marvellous ambidextrous
cautious graciousnervously anonymoustedious mysteriousnumerous consciousseriously luxuriousridiculous venomousdangerous deviousdeciduousnutritiousfictitiousenvious
outrageousravenousreligioussuperstitiousmaliciousambitious
‘tial/’cial’ facial partialPhase 2
Phase 3a Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
46
initial residentialfacial influentialessential beneficialcrucial provincialracial preferentialpartial financialartificial officialsocial confidentialspecial confidentiallyspecialist commercialespecially commerciallytorrential potentialsubstantial controversial
47
‘tion’/’cian’/’sion’/’ssion’ tion nation cian musiciansion tension ssion mission
Phase 2
Phase 3a
Phase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b Phase 4c
discussion possession physicianfraction magician distributionextension proportion oppressiontelevision electrician translationfiction explosion ambitionconfusion corrosion exclusionsession promotion infusionnon-fiction profession politicianposition opposition transfusionmission percussion reductiondirection repetition distributionattention election pollutiondictation demonstration contributionnation dictionary suspicionstation punctuation communicatio
nfoundation pollination organisationeducation production aggressionquestion corrosion anticipationrevision contribution occasiontensionerosionopticiandictionmentioninventionactionoptionadditionconsiderationrelationcompetition
Martian decisioncompletionconclusionvacationexplanationseparationopticianexaminationomissioncollisionmotionfashionocean
examinationcrucifixioncomplexionbeauticiancorrosionnegotiationindigestionanticipationprofessionpublicationpossessionpensioncushioncrustacean
48
Suggested words for syllable identification
Children need plenty of opportunity to orally identify the number of syllables in words. One syllable words should be included in any list that is used.
fantastic hospital September computercarpenter important anonymous hopefulpillow throat dinner authoritybelt plenty race gruntastonish defendant passenger December
stand consultant materialise intermediateexperience exterminator bombastic inspectorshock slight exaggerate insomniacincoherent refrigerate bump discontinuemarmalade thunder separation indulgentpluck dark calculator splashadministrator sycamore November incorrect
chaircommunicate ridiculous window
mountain aggressive stump porcupinecommittee person scapula investmentavailable unspeakable appropriate challengeterminology lend vocabulary stealfarmer candidate cabinet fingerprintinconsiderate opportunity bold disappointmenthabitat peppermint underpants capital
glass appreciate friend mathematical believable built solicitor inconsiderate
49
Tricky WordsSome words which contain adjacent vowels or consonants may present difficult because the individual letters unexpectedly represent one sound.
Adjacent consonants Adjacent vowelsaccent ideaaccident poemcarthorse poet
createaudiencescienceobedientheroic
Schwa Vowels The schwa vowel is the weak, unstressed vowel sound in some multisyllabic words. Schwa in English sounds like a very weak unstressed /u/. In words of two or more syllables it is often difficult to hear the vowels in the unstressed syllable, therefore, it can be hard to tell how they are spelt. Particular attention should be drawn to the tricky part of the word.
Examples of words containing schwa vowels
oven chicken Englanddozen cabbage traveller
confront dependent meloncurrant balance cardinalbutton permanent opera
mountain homage inferenceluggage control bachelorelephant animal separate
taken open violetdragon gallon weaponticket item harmonysalad circus
purpose sugar
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Odd-Bods
Some words do not fit into recognisable phonological patterns because of their historical origins, for example, words adopted from other countries or common usage. When reading, children should work many of these out from context, but for spelling they will need to be learned in isolation.
Phase 2-3a Phase 4cPhase 3b Phase 4a Phase 4b
one friend biscuit private sergeant
two laugh laughter catalogue mortgage
are any answer leopard fatigue
the many sew tongue cheque
once eye dye marriage antique
Tuesday bye brooch carriage unique
Wednesday buy blood ballet naive
says flood asthma yacht
shoe chocolate Hugh dinghy
does mayor ache sword
come jungle choir glacier
some lough Csar
done buoy Tsar you
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