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i i i“Status of Air Pollution – in Bengaluru”
D B NDr. B. NagappaScientific Officer
KSPCB , BangaloreE-mail :[email protected]
Status of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme in Karnatakag
Board has started monitoring of ambient air quality during1983 and the number of stations were gradually increasedover the yearsover the years.
The numbers of stations in 1983, with 2 stations and,gradually increased , presently 36 stations are beingmonitored for Air Quality covering all major cities ( 31 arein NAMP and 5 are in Board programme ).p g )
17 cities are covered under Ambient Air Quality MonitoringP i K t kProgramme in Karnataka.
2
VEHICLE STRENGTH AND GROWTH IN BANGALORE(YEAR WISE)(FIGURES AS AT THE END OF MARCH EACH YEAR)
YEAR TWO WHEELERS M/CARS A/R CABS OTHERS TOTAL
2001 10.92 2.07 0.62 1.12 14.73
(FIGURES IN LAKHS)
2002 11.83 2.26 0.64 1.23 15.96
2003 13.23 2.53 0.69 1.37 17.82
2004 14 44 2 77 0 76 1 53 19 52004 14.44 2.77 0.76 1.53 19.5
2005 15.7 3.18 0.75 1.67 21.3
2006 18.97 4 0.86 2.38 26.21
200 21 11 4 69 0 94 2 86 29 62007 21.11 4.69 0.94 2.86 29.6
2008 22.38 5.05 0.92 2.91 31.26
2009 23.34 5.75 0.93 3.03 33.05
2010 24.16 6.34 1.2 3.2 34.9
2011 26.24 7.1 1.21 3.36 37.91As on 31.3.2015 ~ 56.0
In a decade 257 % of growth is observed in vehicular population, Out of which 72 % are two wheelers
Source of Air pollutants : Two types I) P i d II) N iI) Point source and II) Non-point source
I) Point So rce
Includes:- Industrial and
I) Point Source
Stack
Includes: Industrial andnon industrial stationary process,major industries, boilers, wood
Monitoring and pulp processors, refinery, chemical processing operationsand petroleum storage tanksand petroleum storage tanks.
• Non- Point Source :Vehicular Pollution Di l d i hi l & P t l d i hi l•Diesel driven vehicles & Petrol driven vehicles
Air quality monitoring in Bangalore q y g g
• 13 stations covering Industrial Area, Mixed ,Urban Area and Sensitive Area
• Parameters SO2, NO2 and RSPM
• Frequency :• Frequency :Twice a week , 24 hrs, 365 days
• 2 CAAQMS+ 3CPCB
Non-point Source : Conventional AAQM: Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS less than 10 µm)
PM10 filter paperBefore Monitoring After Monitoring
PM2.5 Filter PaperBefore Monitoring After Monitoring
•Industrial Zone of Bangalore city: Four AAQMS set up•White Field Industrial Area (G.I.Ltd ), KHB Industrial Area , YelahankaP I d i l (G kh ) PIA RO KSPCB•Peenya Industrial area (Gymkhana), PIA-. RO KSPCB
Mixed urban zone of Bangalore city: Nine AAQMS (Residential, Rural & Other areas) of Bangalore city
•AMCO , Mysore Road. Yeshwanthpur Police Station, CSB, Hosur Road, DTDC - Victoria Road,Kazisummanahalli white Field. Banaswadi Police Station , TERI Office, Domlur , VictoriaHospital Bangalore, Indira Gandhi Child Care Centre , NIHMANS
CAAQMS at City Railway stationP ll t t SO NO CO d RSPMPollutants: SO2, NOX, CO and RSPM
24 Hours CAAQMS data at City Railways Station 24 h. data indicates that the measured RSPM
160
180
RSPM NOx
level has exceeded the national limit (100.0 µg/M3) between 8.00 PM to 1.00AM
4 7.97120
140
ram
/M3)
RSPM NOx
80
.64 373
.2 77.8
586
.24
80.3
1 9774
.56
78.7
71.5
57.
73 .38
98 5 7.17
7.22
80
100
n (M
icro
g
31.8
37.
72 9.26 0.68
0.18
.52 34
.82 54
.40
.43
49.0 57
44.3
5 55 51.9
47.4
557 57
40
60
ncen
trat
io
17 19 2 2 15
0
20
D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Con
STD07
:0009
:0011
:0013
:0015
:0017
:0019
:0021
:0023
:0001
:0003
:0005
:00
Time (h)
Source Apportionment Study: Total Emission Loads (TPD)
PM10%
ContributionNOx
% Contribution
SO2%
Contribution
pp y ( )
Contribution Contribution ContributionTransport 22.4 42 146.4 67.4 2.31 15.8
Road dust 10.9 20 0.0 - 0.0 -
Domestic 1.8 3 2.73 1.2 0.68 4.6
DG Set 3.6 7 50.96 23.3 3.35 23.0
Industry 7.8 14 17.19 7.9 8.21 56.2
Hotel 0.1 - 0.20 0.09 0.02 0.01
C t ti 7 7 14 0 0 0 0Construction 7.7 14 0.0 - 0.0 -
Total 54.4 100 217.4 100 14.6 100
Ambient Air Quality measured during “BUS DAY” observed by BMTC Bangalore during – 2010.during 2010.
KSPCB has conducted AAQM (Feb 2010 to Dec 2010) at the different locations of Bangalore City using Mobile Laboratory on the occasion of BUS DAY. The
reduction in concentration of pollutants is indicated in the table below: Parameter
smonitored
Feb2010
Mar2010
Apr-2010
May-2010
Jun-2010
July-2010
Aug-2010
Oct-2010
Dec-2010
Overall
rednMarathalli
Bennrghatta
IbbalurJunco
CentralSilk
Jalahalli
Kadirnahalli
Corpoation
Nagara
Hebbalalli ghatta
RoadJunco
nSilkBoard
lliCross
ahalli ationCircle
abhaviCircle
lJun
SO2µg/m3
14.6 % 14.7 % 15.9 % 30.1 % 8.6 % 8.8 % 10.6 % 6.4 % 9.5 % 13.2 %
NOx µg/m3
8.1 % 13.6 % 3.7 % 12.5 % 13.8 % 3.0 % 13.0 % 11.9 % 11.0 % 9.0 %
RSPM µg/m3
20.9 % 13.5 % 10.9 % 12.5 % 13.4 % 15.2 % 9.2 % 4.6 % 4.4 % 13.3 %µg/m3
CO mg/m3
0.71 % 12.7 % 10.2 % 25.8 % 7.1 % 7.6 % 12.5 % 3.8 % 14.3 % 10.5 %
O3 3.46 % 7.2 % 10.8 % 17.5 % 16.6 % 5.6 % 23.2 % 6.1 % 5.5 % 10.6 %O3 µg/m3
3.46 % 7.2 % 10.8 % 17.5 % 16.6 % 5.6 % 23.2 % 6.1 % 5.5 % 10.6 %
11.3 %
Time Series Trends : Sulphur reduction programme of India: Introduction of Green Fuel: April 2010: 0.005 % in 11 cities and 0.035 % entire country
It is observed that the concentration of SO2 showing an decreasing trend by 15 20 % over 10
SO2 Concentration in µg/M3 at AMCO Batteries
, Mysore Road
Aug 1997
0.25 %
1998 0 25 inAMCOBATTERIESSO2(48)
It is observed that the concentration of SO2 showing an decreasing trend by 15 -20 % over 10 years. The reason is Sulphur reduction programme of Govt of India ( Green Fuel concept).
, y
1997-98 28.0
1998-99 38.0
1999-00 32.0
1998 0.25 in Metro cities
2000 0.25 in Entire
50 ActualFits
Variable
AMCOBATTERIESSO2(48)Multiplicative Model
2000-01 26.0
2001-02 27.0
2002-03 16.0
Entire country
2000-04
0.05 % in 11 cities
40
30gm/
cum
)
MAPE 51.1664MAD 6.2566MSD 864139
Accuracy Measures
TrendForecasts
2003-04 16.7
2004-05 17.6
2005-06 21.2
2006 07 15 3
2005 0.035 % in 11 cities
20
SO2
(mic
ro g MSD 86.4139
2006-07 15.3
2007-08 15.9
2008-09 14.9
2009-10 14.2
April 2010
0.005 % in 11 cities and 0.035 % entire 130117104917865523926131
10
0
Standards 60country130117104917865523926131
Month
AMCO BATTERIES NOx (48)Multiplicative Model
80
70ActualFits
Variable
60
50cum
)
MAPE 22 430Accuracy Measures
TrendForecasts
50
40
icro
gm
/ MAPE 22.430MAD 7.620MSD 143.610
It is observed that30
20NOx
(mi It is observed that
the concentration of NOx are showing an increasing trend by 100 % over 10
10
0
by 100 % over 10 years. The reason m ay be increase in vehicular population by 258
1301171049178655239261310
Month
population by 258 %
AMCO BATTERIES RSPM (48)Multiplicative Model
160
140ActualFits
Variable
120
/ cu
m)
MAPE 24 489Accuracy Measures
TrendForecasts
100
80mic
ro g
m/ MAPE 24.489
MAD 13.618MSD 390.993
It is also observed h h80
60
RSP
M (
m that the concentration of RSPM for this site is showing a
d t 16 20%40
20
moderate 16-20% increase in trend over 10 years. The reason might be
i f130117104917865523926131
Month
resuspension of road dust, vehicular traffic, etc.
Back Ground
• The Hon'ble Supreme Court on 14.08.2003 in WP No. 13029/85(Civil-PIL) (M. C. Mehta Vs. Union of India & Others) directedh h S h ll d l f l i h f RSPM l l ithat the State shall draw plan for lowering the rate of RSPM level in
Bangalore City.
I di d i h 7th T k F M i C l f Ai• Issue was discussed in the 7th Task Force Meeting on Control of AirPollution in Bangalore City on 02.09.2003, with Cabinet approval,the State Government has issued G. O. No. FEE 120 ECO 2002d d i h i i l f hdated 2.12.2003 & 17.1.2004 with 14-Point Action Plan for theImprovement of Air Quality of Bangalore City.
h i l i b d l i l d• The Action Plan is by and large implemented.
Task Force: Departments involved
1 Additional Chief Secretary to Government 11 Department of Industries and1. Additional Chief Secretary to Government, Chairman of Task Force
11. Department of Industries and Commerce
2. Department of Home 12. Department of Urban Infrastructure Development (Special Invitee)p ( p )
3. Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment
13. Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.
4 Department of Transport and Road Safety 14 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd4. Department of Transport and Road Safety 14. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.5. Department of Food and Civil Supplies 15. Bangalore Development Authority6. Department of Urban Development 16. Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike
7. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation
17. Sri. Govardhan, Admin. (Bangalore Environment Trust) a Non Government OrganizationOrganization
8. Department of Police 18. Karnataka Lorry Owners Association
9. Department of Excise 19. Southern State Goods Carrier Owners AssociationAssociation
10. Department of Commercial Tax 20. Karnataka Bus Owners Association
Action Plan Implementation Status –Transport Department
Action points StatusMandatory conversion of in-use 3-wheelers registered after1 04 1991 onwards to Bi-Fuel Mode (such as LPG and
Complied1.04.1991 onwards to Bi-Fuel Mode (such as LPG andPetrol) in a phased manner from 1.12.2003 onwards withauthorized LPG Kits and fixed LPG Cylinders.Registering new 3 Wheelers having Bi Fuel Mode only CompliedRegistering new 3 Wheelers having Bi-Fuel Mode only(such as LPG and Petrol) w.e.f. 1-12-2003 & onwards.
Complied
To take action for conversion of nearly 35,000 autorickshaws which are running with unauthorized LPG kits
Compliedrickshaws which are running with unauthorized LPG kitsand detachable cylinders by October 2004.Introduction of “No Pollution Under Control Certificate -N F l” S h i P t l/Di l di i t ti b
Notification to be i d b DEENo Fuel Scheme in Petrol/Diesel dispensing stations by
October 2004.issued by DEE
Setting up of Electronic Emission Testing Centers (ETCs) in Compliedg p g ( )each petrol bunk to be introduced from 1-12-2003 onwardswherever feasible.
p
Action Plan Implementation Status –Food and Civil Supplies Department
Action points Status
S l d i hi d & Ci ilIncrease Sales Tax and to impose Entry Tax on whitekerosene (Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) to curbadulteration with Petrol.
Food & Civil Supplies Department to follow up with the Finance Department
Strengthening strict vigilance and surveillance actions inorder to check Adulteration of Fuel.
Complied
To make mandatory for the whole sellers of kerosene to CompliedTo make mandatory for the whole sellers of kerosene toregister themselves and produce end-use certificatesbefore Civil Supplies Department
Complied
Action Plan Implementation Status – Other Departments
Action points Department StatusAction points Department Status
To establish 5 Auto LPG Dispensing Stations(ALDS) in Bangalore City by March 2004.
IOCL Complied
To convert 5 roads into One Way by HomeDepartment by March, 2004
Home Complied
To construct 2 flyovers and one Railway Under Urban CompliedTo construct 2 flyovers and one Railway UnderPass by March 2004 as proposed by the concernedDepartments.
Urban Development
Complied
fl i f C f b C C li dTo Increase fleet size of BMTC from 3106 buses atpresent to around 4330 buses by the end of October2005.
BMTC Complied
KSPCB to install one On-line Ambient Air QualityMonitoring Station by June 5, 2004.
KSPCB Complied
KSPCB to take action to promote use of cleaner KSPCB CompliedKSPCB to take action to promote use of cleanerfuels used by major industries in DG sets andBoilers.
KSPCB Complied
Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels in Bangalore
N f th St ti SO2 NO2 RSPM Exceeded to the
Air Quality - Annual average values of air pollutants in Bangalore City during 2014-15
Name of the Station SO2 µg/m3
NO2 µg/m3
RSPM µg/m3
Exceeded to the National limit
White Field Industrial Area (Graphite India) 12.3 33.5 230.0 283 %K.H.B Industrial Area 11 0 29 6 121 0 201 %11.0 29.6 121.0 201 %Peenya Industrial Area - RO 12.0 32.0 144.0 140 %Peenya Industrial Area 11.7 26.8 119.0 98%Y h h P li S iYeshwanthpura Police Station 10.8 31.5 129.0 115 %Amco Batteries , Mysore Road 11.9 32.9 209.0 248 %Central Silk Board, Hosur Road 11.5 31.3 189.0 215 %DTDC House, Victoria Road 10.9 30.1 162.0 170 %TERI Office, Domlur 6.3 10.8 58.0 Within limitBanswadi Police Station 10.2 25.0 84.0 40 %K ji h lli 9 8 25 4 69 0 15 %Kajisonnenahalli 9.8 25.4 69.0 15 %Victoria Hospital, 11.2 30.9 154.0 157 %Indira Gandhi Children Care 10.7 30.3 125.0 108 %CAAQM City Railway Station 10 6 22 7 67 0 12 %CAAQM City Railway Station 10.6 22.7 67.0 12 % CAAQM S.G.Halli 9.8 17.8 43.0 Within limitStandards 50.0 40.0 60.0
Sl Name of the Station Limits Day Time % Limits Night Time %
Noise levels Continuous Noise Monitoring Stations in Bangalore city during 2014-15
No dB(A) Leq
yIncrease dB(A)
Leq
gIncreaseLeq L min L max Leq L min Lmax
1 Peenya 75 59.8 47.9 72.6 WITHINLIMIT
70 56.8 49.2 70.2 WITHINLIMIT
2 White field Industrial Area
75 6/.6 58.0 79.5 WITHINLIMIT
70.0 61.6 50.2 76.6 WITHINLIMIT
3 Parisara Bhavan, Church Street
65 65.9 54.6 77.7 1.4% 55 62.5 48.9 74.5 13.6%
4 Yeshwanthpur Police Station
65 71.3 65.7 78.5 9.7% 55.0 63.0 53.7 75.8 14.5%
5 Marathahalli 65 59.6 52.1 78.1 WITHINLIMIT
55 57.7 50.9 72.6 4.9%
6 Nisarga Bhavn 55 57 0 47 3 74 2 3 6% 45 52 8 42 6 70 8 17 3%6 Nisarga Bhavn 55 57.0 47.3 74.2 3.6% 45 52.8 42.6 70.8 17.3%7 TERIOffice, Domlur 55 61.7 42.0 78.4 12.2% 45 54.9 36.2 69.7 22.0%8 BTM Lay out 55 66.0 57.0 80.7 20.0% 45 62.3 46.4 74.9 38.4%9 NIMHANS 50 60.8 47.4 72.2 21.7% 40 58.5 39.3 72.1 46.2%
IGH Care 10 RVCE, Mysore
Road50 59.6 52.6 73.8 19.4% 40 55.3 46.6 69.7 38.3%
Note:Day time shall mean from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PMNote:Day time shall mean from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM
1. Night time shall mean from 10.00PM to 6.00 AM
2. Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around Hospitals, Educational Institutions, Courts, Religious places or any other which is declared as such by the competent authority.
3. dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound decibels.
PIL in Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka
S M t P bli I t t Liti ti WP N 39432/2013• Suo-Moto Public Interest Litigation WP No. 39432/2013.• Board issued direction under Section 31(A) of the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution ) Act, 1981 to BBMP, Traffic Police, Transport Commissioner and BDA t t k t t t l i ll ti d d i l l i B lto take steps to control air pollution and reduce noise levels in Bangalore
Directions to Transport Department : • To restrict registration of new vehicles• To ban the entry of Heavy Motor Vehicles (HMVs)• To ban the use of two stroke vehicles within BBMP area.• To ban auto rickshaws in central business districtTo ban auto rickshaws in central business district• To ban use of more than 15 years old HMVs • No PUC – no fuel
T i h fi d fi t h ill/ Ai h t fi i t MV A t• To impose heavy fine and confiscate shrill/ Air horns not confirming to MV Act.• To plan for traffic regulation.• Testing of Vehicular emission as well as emission testing centres.• To convert to CNG• Create mass awareness .
Directions to BBMP
•To plan comprehensive parking management programme
• To remo e d st/silt acc m lated on roadside from the storm ater• To remove dust/silt accumulated on roadside. from the storm waterdrain and to transport the silt removed.
•To fill portholes and road cutting
T t ki ti iti i k d f ki•To evacuate non-parking activities in area earmarked for parking
•The remove encroachments of footpathsp
Directions to Police Department:
• To strictly enforce the provisions of the Noise (Regulation &Control) Rules, 2000 & the Orders issued by State Government ofthe No. FEE 46 ENV 2000, dated 13.8.2002.,
• To plan for regulating the traffic. • To coordinate with BBMP and Transport department
h f f h• To remove encroachment of footpaths.• To introduce dedicated bus lanes• To conduct awareness programmes regarding “No honking”.To conduct awareness programmes regarding No honking .
Directions to BDA:
• To take up massive afforestation
Action taken :
Utilization of Air Quality DataUtilization of Air Quality Data
• Air Quality Data is used for Policy/ Decision Making at Q y y gCentral and State Govt. Level
• For formulation of Action Plans for Air Quality improvement i iti ll i ll t d iti / i d t i lin critically air polluted cities / industrial areas
• Air Quality Data is provided to Research Institutions & Other Agencies for their research purpose and other projectsge c es o t e esea c pu pose a d ot e p ojects
• Air Quality Data is used for answering Parliament Questions, other VIP queries etc.
• Dissemination of air quality data through TV Channels, News Papers, display systems, CPCB Web sites etc for mass awareness.awareness.
Thank You