aopc-20 (2015)atmos. comp. jh butler atmospheric composition issues james h. butler global...
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Atmospheric Composition Issues
James H. Butler
Global Monitoring Division, NOAA/ESRL Boulder, CO, USA
WMO Global Atmosphere Watch, Geneva, CH
AOPC-20, March 17-21, 2015
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler Page 2
Outline
• Ozone• Aerosols• Surface Radiation• Greenhouse Gases
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Main ozone Issue(s) -- Reporting
• Reporting delays Brewer total ozone data from 57 stations down to 28 in
2014 Dobson spectrophotometer measurements dropped from
47 to 37 stations in same interval No SAOZ data have been archived in WOUDC since 2012 Data from 19 filter instruments down from 26 to 19 in 2012-
2013 Data in 2014 exist but submissions delayed by 4-6 months
• Lost stations? 17 Brewer, 6 Dobson, and 6 filter instrument stations have
not reported data since 2012. These are largely instruments from Canada. The reason for missing data needs further investigation.
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
GAW Arctic Ozone Sites Reporting
• Over half of arctic sites have not updated data in the WMO/GAW WOUDC since 2002
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
NDACC Arctic Ozone Stations Reporting
Several NDACC sites are not identified in the WMO/GAW WOUDC data base
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Canadian Arctic Ozone Sites
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Only three sites are truly arcticTen sites total
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Russian Arctic Ozone Sites
• Russian Stations in the Arctic Blue = Brewer Gray = SAOZ Black = O3sonde
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• Arctic ozone depleted over 40% in 2011 when the vortex remained strong and cold until late March
• Because almost half the Arctic region is in Russian territory, it is essential that ozone observations continue in Russia
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurements
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SAG-Aerosol recommendation • Elaborate the "aerosol"
ECV as "Including, but not restricted to”: aerosol optical depth light scattering and
absorption coefficients aerosol size distribution vertical distributions of
aerosol backscattering and extinction
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
GCOS Aerosols: ECV(from AOPC XIX, 2014)
• The ECV called "Aerosol" is a very broad term that encompasses many actual aerosol variables
• SAG-Aerosol recommends that a further specification of the "Aerosol" ECV should include the variables in the table to the right
Multiwavelength aerosol optical depth
Particle mass concentration in two size fractions (fine, coarse)
Vertical distribution of aerosol backscattering and extinction
Mass concentration of major chemical components in particle-phase in two size fractions
Multiwavelength light scattering and hemispheric back-scattering coefficient
Cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at various super-saturations
Multiwavelength light absorption coefficient
Particle number concentration
Particle number size distribution
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Aerosol Issues & Q’sWMO/GAW SAG-Aerosol
• Is there a formal process for a network to become an "official" GCOS network?
• Clarification of the status as official GCOS networks of the networks mentioned at these web sites: http://
gosic.org/content/gcos-atmospheric-composition-ecv-aerosols-properties
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index.php?name=ObservingSystemsandData#composition
• What is the possibility of accepting AERONET as a GCOS comprehensive network, independent of GAW?
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
BSRN
• 13th BSRN Scientific Review and Workshop was held at the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate in Bologna, Italy from 9-12 September, 2014. 39 oral presentations, 6 Working Group oral reports, and a poster
session that included BSRN site status updates.
• BSRN Archive at WRMC 7825 station-month data sets from 58 stations collected in the
WRMC by September 2014. Recent years have seen a loss of a few sites, notably Manus and
Nauru located in the equatorial western Pacific, but also newly planned sites and several newly proposed sites that will expand the global and climactic coverage.
BSRN data increasingly used in scientific research and publications.
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
GHG Issues
• Marine Boundary Layer Reference for CO2 and CH4
GCOS Reference Networks?• Should GCOS include ”minor” GHGs?• National Metrology Institutes
BIPM/WMO Agreement “ensures” coordination “Restlessness” among NMI’s in pursuing GHG emissions
• Constructing an Adequate Global Network Filling Gaps Validating and interpreting remotely sensed retrievals Urban “domes” – do they need separate guidelines?
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Marine Boundary Layer Reference
• 25-40 sites• All connected
with the MBL• Remote
atmosphere• Latitudinally
representative• Highest quality
measurements
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AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
MBL Products
• Global Averages• Highest quality
measurements• Latitudinal
representations• Used in global
models• Information lags
about one monthPage 20
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
Other MBL products
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• Global, gridded data sets
• Meridional Reference
AOPC-20 (2015) Atmos. Comp. JH Butler
“Minor” GHGs
• Monitored mainly by two groups AGAGE NOAA
• High quality control• Small number of sites• Have a small, but
measurable impact on radiative forcing
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