ap bio
DESCRIPTION
AP Bio. 10/04/04. Itinerary 10/05/04. Due Today: Writing an Essay for the AP Exam Topics for today Review DNA Replication Overview Messelson-Stahl Experiments In Detail Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday, 10/12. Itinerary 10/06/04. DNA Transcription DNA Translation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP BioAP Bio
10/04/0410/04/04
![Page 2: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Itinerary 10/05/04Itinerary 10/05/04 Due Today: Writing an Essay for the AP ExamDue Today: Writing an Essay for the AP Exam Topics for todayTopics for today
ReviewReview DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
OverviewOverview Messelson-Stahl ExperimentsMesselson-Stahl Experiments In DetailIn Detail Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday, 10/12Worksheet- This worksheet is due next Tuesday, 10/12
![Page 3: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Itinerary 10/06/04Itinerary 10/06/04 DNA TranscriptionDNA Transcription DNA TranslationDNA Translation Discussion of next week’s laboratoryDiscussion of next week’s laboratory
![Page 4: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules
![Page 5: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’
![Page 6: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?
![Page 7: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?
![Page 8: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Structure of DNA/RNA (1)Structure of DNA/RNA (1)
Three Components
1)Phosphate Group
2)‘Pentose Sugar’
3)Nitrogenous base
![Page 9: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?
![Page 10: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Structure of DNA/RNA (8)Structure of DNA/RNA (8)
You need to remember these!
![Page 11: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?6. What is the name of this sugar?
![Page 12: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Structure of DNA/RNA (3)Structure of DNA/RNA (3)
Deoxyribose and Ribose are both 5 carbon sugars
![Page 14: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ReviewReview1. Name the four classes of biomolecules2. Define ‘monomer’ and ‘polymer.’3. What is a nucleotide?4. What are the three components of a nucleotide?5. What is the difference between the purines and the
pyrimidines?6. What is the name of this sugar?7. Base Pairing
![Page 15: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gary Coleman
![Page 17: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Gary Coleman
Guanine-Cytosine
![Page 19: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gary Coleman Alex TrebekGuanine-Cytosine Adenine-Thymine
![Page 20: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297
![Page 21: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped
![Page 22: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two
new strandsnew strands
![Page 23: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (1) Overview (1)
In Text- Pp 287- 297In Text- Pp 287- 297 Step 1: The Double Helix is unzippedStep 1: The Double Helix is unzipped Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two Step 2: Each strand directs the synthesis of two
new strandsnew strands Step 3: The individual nucleotides are Step 3: The individual nucleotides are
connected to form two new strandsconnected to form two new strands
![Page 24: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (2) Overview (2)
![Page 25: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (3) Overview (3)
![Page 26: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (4) Overview (4)
![Page 27: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
DNA Replication-DNA Replication- Overview (5) Overview (5)
![Page 28: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (1)Semiconservative Replication (1)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
![Page 29: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (2)Semiconservative Replication (2)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
Make sure you know this term. You’ll see it again!
![Page 30: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (3)Semiconservative Replication (3)Process of DNA replicationis called ‘semiconservativereplication
This means that in each new double helix of DNA, one strand was from the parent.
![Page 31: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (4)Semiconservative Replication (4)
![Page 32: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (5)Semiconservative Replication (5)
![Page 33: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (6)Semiconservative Replication (6)
![Page 34: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
![Page 35: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
Any ideas?
![Page 36: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (7)Semiconservative Replication (7)How do we know that DNA replicates with a ‘Semiconservative’ nature?
Any ideas?
Meselson-Stahl experiment tested the three hypotheses for DNA replication
![Page 37: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (8)Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
![Page 38: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (8)Semiconservative Replication (8)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
Where is the 15N found?
![Page 39: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (9)Semiconservative Replication (9)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
![Page 42: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (10)Semiconservative Replication (10)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
![Page 43: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Semiconservative Replication (11)Semiconservative Replication (11)Meselson-Stahl ExperimentMeselson-Stahl Experiment
![Page 44: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
![Page 45: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
When would the cell do this?When would the cell do this?
![Page 46: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Let’s use the flashlight on Let’s use the flashlight on DNA ReplicationDNA Replication
Remember, DNA replication is the process of Remember, DNA replication is the process of making copies of DNA.making copies of DNA.
When would the cell do this?When would the cell do this? Now we need to look at the specifics of DNA Now we need to look at the specifics of DNA
replication, and the replication, and the enzymes enzymes involved in each involved in each stepstep
![Page 47: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
But First, What’s an Enzyme?But First, What’s an Enzyme?
![Page 48: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
But First, What’s an Enzyme?But First, What’s an Enzyme? A type of ProteinA type of Protein
![Page 49: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
But First, What’s an Enzyme?But First, What’s an Enzyme? A type of ProteinA type of Protein Text Definition:Text Definition:
A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical agents that change the rate of a reaction without agents that change the rate of a reaction without being consumed within the reactionbeing consumed within the reaction
![Page 50: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Step 1: Separation of the Double Step 1: Separation of the Double HelixHelix
![Page 51: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Step 1: Separation of the Double Step 1: Separation of the Double HelixHelix
DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix•The site where the enzyme begins replication is called the origin of replication.
![Page 52: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Step 1: Separation of the Double Step 1: Separation of the Double HelixHelix
DNA Helicase unwinds the double helix•The site where the enzyme begins replication is called the origin of replication.•In Prokaryotes (Bacteria), there is a single origin; in eukaryotes, there are thousands
![Page 53: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
16-10-DNAReplicatAnim_B.mov
Show clip 16.10B
![Page 54: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complements
![Page 55: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complementsEnzyme- DNA polymerase
![Page 56: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complementsEnzyme- DNA polymerase
•DNA polymerase allows the new nucelotides to be added to the growing end of the strand one by one
![Page 57: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Step 2: Synthesis of complementsStep 2: Synthesis of complementsEnzyme- DNA polymerase
•DNA polymerase allows the new nucelotides to be added to the growing end of the strand one by one
•NOTE: This new synthesis always occurs in the same direction, 5’3’
![Page 58: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
DNA directionalityDNA directionality
![Page 59: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
DNA directionalityDNA directionality
A new nucleotide is always added to the 3’ endof the strand
![Page 60: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Synthesis of Complementary strandsSynthesis of Complementary strands
![Page 61: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Synthesis of Complementary strandsSynthesis of Complementary strands
Show 16.13leading strand
Then Show 16.13lagging strand
![Page 62: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1) Helicase1) Helicase
![Page 63: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein
![Page 64: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein3)3) PrimasePrimase
![Page 65: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein3)3) PrimasePrimase4)4) DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase
![Page 66: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Enzymes InvolvedEnzymes Involved
1)1) HelicaseHelicase2)2) Single Stranded Binding ProteinSingle Stranded Binding Protein3)3) PrimasePrimase4)4) DNA polymeraseDNA polymerase5)5) LigaseLigase
![Page 67: AP Bio](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070419/56815d39550346895dcb3cbe/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
DNA Replication-SummaryDNA Replication-Summary