ap chapter 16 deemer. religious reformation catholic church was benefiting from european prosperity...
TRANSCRIPT
AP Chapter 16
Deemer
Religious reformation
Catholic Church was benefiting from European prosperity
Pope Leo X raised money authorizing the sale of indulgences
What is an indulgence?
Martin Luther
German Monk
Challenged the Pope on:
indulgences
anything not Christian
Protestant Reformation
Salvation can be done on faith alone
Base the religion on God/Christian traditions and the Bible
John Calvin
Salvation is God’s gift
predestined
Christian congregations should be self-governing
Stress simplicity in life and worship
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
text work given in class
The Protestant reformation
• Germans who
dis-liked Italian-dominated Catholic Church
Peasants and urban workers
Catholic Reformation
• Council of Trent• Society of Jesus
– Jesuits
Wars of religion
• Led by the Protestant Reformation
Traditional thinking
Folk traditions
Judeo-Christian beliefs
Natural events caused by supernatural causes
Witch hunts!
• Late 16 and early 17th century
• 100,000 people tried for witch craft
• ¾ women
• ½ executed
Witch trials
• Why?
• Manifestations of fear
Of unattached women
Social Stress
Poor people wanted the “fame”/attention and wanted public attention
Scientific revolution
• European intellectuals derived understanding from Greek and Romans
• Earth = 4 elements
• Sun, Moon, Stars , and planets rotated around the Earth
Church in disbelief
• Protestant and Catholic churches denounce this theory
• But “print” beats religion
Law of Gravity
• Isaac Newton• Physics• Law of Gravity
• The Scientist believed they were not in conflict w/ religion
Early Enlightenment
Question
Past practices in agriculture
Past practices of Gov’t
Past practices of religion
Society and classes
Enlightenment
• Opposition of this period– “Dictators”– Clergymen– “Absolutist”
What is Enlightenment?
Intellectual movement that will influence social behavior and institutions that will be governed (controlled) by scientific laws
The best weapon for the enlightenment to spread
Printing Press
Social life
Wealthy urban Bourgeoisie
Trade, finance, manufacturing, and grain (new)
Joint – Stock companies
Merchants and Government forming a partnership to become more profitable
Emergence of stock exchange will occur
Impact of joint - stock
Trade and international affairs
Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century
The Navy battles w/ England
1-1-1
The ownership of land
Bourgeois class will gain more land
Land is power!
Marry into noble families
Nobility is power!
Peasants and laborers
Europe
Serfdom out in the West and in the East
African Slaves working in America
The average person
Possibility with so much technology, money, trade, and other improvements that “life” declined during these 200 years in western Europe
New World
New crops kept people from starving
High consumption of wood
Deforestation
Cooking, ships, home, industry, heating, Navy, etc
Deforestation hurts the
Rural poor
why?
Urban Poor
“Deserving Poor”
Permanent residents
“unworthy poor”
Beggars, migrants, peddlers, criminals
Women
A women’s status was through her husband’s work and family
People married later because of apprenticeships and dowries
The upper class
Married late because of males and education
How do late marriages help a society?
birth rate low
educated society
independence from family
The bourgieos class
Emphasized schools
Choose a profession or trade
Guilds will flourish
Most cases like we have mentioned before women were excluded
Politics anyone?
State Development1515 to 1519Charles of Burgundy descendant of Austrian Hapsburgs
Inherited the thrones of Castile and Aragon and colonial empires
Inherited the Hapsburg possessions
Inherited the position of Holy Roman Emperor
He defeated…
The Ottomans at Vienna in 1529
But unable to unify all his territories
Also,known as Charles I of Spain
Map 1500’s
Lutheran Princes and more
Germany rebel against Charles
Why? Catholic and spoke
Italian
Charles will abdicate the throne
Abdicate
• To relinquish (power or responsibility) formally.
• To relinquish formally a high office or responsibility.
• He was losing power or control over parts of his “empire”
Split of Power
Spain will go to Philip (his son)
Weakened Holy Roman Empire will go to Ferdinand (his brother)
Political unification
England, France, and Spain
pursue their own efforts to unify
England France Spain
Henry VIII
Church of Eng.
catholic catholic
English Calvinists Bourbon kings develop absolute control – The estates General has limited power
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan republic
Louis XIV able to increase taxes and revenue and controlled French nobility
Glorious revolution 1688
King James II removed
All nobility and courts must attend meetings at Versailles
Spain hurts economy by driving out Jewish population, Muslims, and Protestants
Paying off creditors for goods and food being processed
Bill of Rights signed by William and Mary to limit power
Military focus
Army
New techniques
More specilaization
Military focus was placed on Army
Military focus - Navy
Defeat of Spanish Armada
In 1588
Spain’s defeat by England
France strongest power in Europe
Battle of Spanish succession
Holland becomes independent and Amsterdam does well as a major focal point of trade / shipping and finance
Check and Balance
EndOf the periodThe Powers
France BritianAustria
AndRussia
England slowly becoming a Power
Collecting taxes directly
Created a central bank
1650 used naval power to break down the Dutch
The French
Streamlined taxesProtective tariffs to protect businessesTransportation network was improved
Could NotDirect taxesTax the noblesSecure low cost loans
WOW – the Chapter is over!