Chapter 31A&P

IntroductionThe function of the

reproductive system is human reproduction.

Human reproduction results from the union of a female sex cell and a male sex cell.

Female reproductive systemThe Vagina

Hallow, pear shaped muscular organ.

Located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity.

Three areas of the uterus:

BodyIsthmusNeck or cervix

Female reproductive systemFallopian Tubes

Also called uterine tubes or oviducts

Found laterally on either side of the uterus

Move the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus

Female reproductive systemOvaries

Located on either side of the uterus

Attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament

Produce ova and hormones

Female reproductive systemThe Vagina

A musculomembranous tube that extends from the uterus to the vestibule.

Functions of the uterus include:

CopulationPassageway for

discharge of menstruation

Birth canal

Female reproductive systemVulva consists of 5

organs that comprise the external female genitalia:

Mons pubisLabia majoriaLabia minoriaVestibuleClitorisThe area between the

vulva and the anus is the perineum.

Female reproductive systemBreasts

Mammary glands

Provide milk for infants

Prolactin stimulates the production of milk

Menstrual CycleThe onset is called

menarche.

Cessation is called menopause.

Repeats approximately every 28 days

Male reproductive systemPurpose is to provide

sperm cells to the ovum.

Consists of the following:Testes and ductsUrethraAccessory glands;

bulbourethral, prostate and seminal vesicles

Accessory sex organs; scrotum and penis

Male reproductive systemExternal organs

External organs consist of the scrotum and the penis.

Scrotum contains smooth muscle fibers that contract, allowing for viability of the spermatozoa.

Male reproductive systemInternal Organs

Testes (gonads)-site of development of the male reproductive cells & the hormone testosterone

Epidydymis- coiled tube 13-20 feet in length, ends at the ductus deferens; maturation of sperm cells.

Male reproductive systemDuctus deferens- vas

deferens, it is the excretory duct of the testes

Seminal vesicles- store sperm and produce semen.

Prostate gland-lies below the bladder and secretes fluid into the semen.

Male reproductive systemBulbourethral gland-

secrete mucous secretion into the seminal fluid before ejaculation.

Urethra- extends from the bladder to the urethral orifice (meatus)

Prostate cancer warning signsThe following are some potential prostate

cancer warning signs or signs of BPH:incomplete emptying of the bladder dribbling difficulty starting urination reduced force of the stream frequent urination of small amounts pain with urination ejaculation pain blood in the urine