AP - Environmental Science - Homework 8 - 1 (Food & Soil Conservation)

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Meat and animal products for humans come mainly from ____ domesticated animal species.a. 8b. 16c. 24d. 32e. 40

____ 2. A single type of crop is generally grown ina. plantation agriculture.b. traditional intensive agriculture.c. traditional subsistence agriculture.d. industrialized agriculture.e. minimum-tillage agriculture.

____ 3. The type of agriculture that supplements solar energy with human labor and draft animals isa. plantation agriculture.b. traditional intensive agriculture.c. traditional subsistence agriculture.d. industrialized agriculture.e. minimum-tillage agriculture.

____ 4. Since 1950, the majority of the increase in food production is a result of the ____ revolution.a. redb. bluec. greend. yellowe. purple

____ 5. The plants of the second green revolution area. giant varieties.b. slow-growing.c. high-yield varieties.d. adapted to drought.e. producing less food on more land.

____ 6. In the last half century, global meat productiona. decreased by tenfold.b. decreased by fourfold.c. increased by fourfold.d. increased by tenfold.e. stayed the same.

____ 7. Agriculture contributes ____ to the GNP of the United States.a. 8%b. 18%c. 28%d. 38%e. 48%

____ 8. Most soil erosion is caused bya. moving water.b. wind.c. earthquakes.d. volcanoes.e. excess heat.

____ 9. Of the following human activities, the one which probably contributes least to soil erosion isa. urbanization.b. off-road vehicles.c. sustainable agriculture.d. logging.e. cutting forests.

____ 10. Currently, topsoil is eroding faster than it forms on about ____ of the world's croplands.a. one-fourthb. one-thirdc. one-halfd. two-thirdse. three-quarters

____ 11. About ____ of the world's agricultural lands have been degraded by erosion.a. 20%b. 30%c. 40%d. 50%e. 60%

____ 12. Which of the following practices leads to desertification?a. irrigationb. overgrazingc. soil compactiond. surface mininge. all of these answers

____ 13. Plowing, breaking up, and smoothing soil in fall to plant in the spring isa. conventional tillage.b. conservation tillage.c. contour farming.d. terracing.e. spring overturn.

____ 14. Conservation tillagea. increases labor costs.b. decreases erosion.c. increases energy consumption.d. accelerates water loss from the soil.e. increases erosion.

____ 15. Which of the following practices both reduces erosion and increases soil fertility?a. strip croppingb. terracingc. contour farmingd. row croppinge. line cropping

____ 16. Contour farming involvesa. converting a steep slope into a series of terraces.b. building a series of small dams.c. plowing at right angles to slopes.d. plowing straight down slope or straight up slope.e. none of these answers

____ 17. Planting crops in alternating rows of close-growing plantsa. creates windbreaks.b. is called strip cropping.c. is called crop rotation.d. increases erosion rates.e. is called ally cropping.

____ 18. Established by the 1985 Farm Act, a conservation reserve cannot bea. cut for hay.b. farmed.c. grazed.d. farmers who violate their contracts must pay back all subsidies plus interest.e. all of these answers

____ 19. Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?a. green manureb. sewage sludgec. compostd. animal manuree. none of these answers

____ 20. The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients isa. crop rotation.b. fertilizing with compost.c. fertilizing with green manure.d. irrigation.e. fertilizing with animal manure.

____ 21. Commercial inorganic fertilizers commonly contain all of the following excepta. organic nitrogen.b. phosphate.c. nitrate.d. potassium.e. none of these answers

____ 22. Commercially available inorganic fertilizersa. lack trace elements.b. increase soil porosity.c. increase soil water-holding capacity.d. raise the oxygen content of soil.e. contain all trace elements.

____ 23. The term undernutrition refers to people whoa. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.b. eat balanced meals.c. eat too much.d. suffer from poor food quality.e. eat too much protein.

____ 24. The term malnutrition refers to people whoa. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.b. eat balanced meals.c. eat too much.d. suffer from poor food quality.e. eat too much protein.

____ 25. One in ____ people in developing countries are undernourished or malnourished.a. twentyb. tenc. fived. foure. eight

____ 26. Administration of ____ will prevent the majority of blindness in developing countries in the world.a. iodineb. immunizing shotsc. sugar and salt in a glass of waterd. vitamin A capsulese. protein

____ 27. Anemia can be the result of a deficiency ina. cobalt.b. iodine.c. iron.d. calcium.e. oxygen.

____ 28. Elemental iodinea. is only useful as a disinfectant.b. is very poisonous.c. is found in grains like rice.d. deficiency can cause goiter, which can lead to deafness.e. is not found in living organisms.

____ 29. The term overnutrition refers to people whoa. eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.b. eat balanced meals.c. eat too many calories each day.d. suffer from poor food quality.e. eat too much protein.

____ 30. Overnutrition is characterized by dietsa. high in meat.b. high in fruit and fiber.c. high in fresh vegetables.d. low in meats.e. all of these answers

____ 31. Agriculture can harm the land througha. soil erosion.b. salinization.c. reduction in microorganism diversity.d. all of these answerse. none of these answers

____ 32. Which of the following is the most energy efficient to produce?a. pigsb. chickenc. catfishd. cattlee. goats

____ 33. Most overgrazing is caused bya. drought.b. climate changes.c. large populations of wild herbivores.d. too many grazing animals for too long a time.e. all of these answers

____ 34. The ocean provides ____ of the annual commercial catch of fish and shellfish.a. 44%b. 55%c. 66%d. 77%e. 88%

____ 35. About ____ of the world fish harvest is used primarily as animal feed, fishmeal, and oils.a. 1/2b. 1/3c. 1/4d. 1/5e. 1/6

____ 36. ____ is the world leader in aquaculture.a. North Koreab. Japanc. Chinad. Brazile. India

____ 37. Benefits of aquaculture includea. high yields per unit area.b. use of less fuel than conventional fishing methods.c. creation of jobs.d. all of these answerse. none of these answers

____ 38. Governments often provide assistance to farmers because farmers have little control overa. weather.b. crop pests.c. the global market.d. interest rates.e. all of these answers

____ 39. Sustainable agriculture is characterized by all of the following excepta. promoting monoculture.b. a lack of requirements of massive amounts of fossil fuels.c. conserving and building topsoil.d. a lack of use of many artificial chemicals.e. promoting polyculture.

____ 40. Sustainable agriculturea. uses pesticides.b. minimizes erosion.c. requires high inputs of fossil fuel.d. employs massive fertilization programs.e. wastes water.

AP - Environmental Science - Homework 8 - 1 (Food & Soil Conservation)Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?2. ANS: D DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?3. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-1 HOW IS FOOD PRODUCED?4. ANS: C DIF: E

TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES5. ANS: C DIF: M

TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES6. ANS: C DIF: M

TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES7. ANS: B DIF: E

TOP: 14-2 PRODUCING FOOD BY GREEN REVOLUTION AND TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES8. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION9. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION

10. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION11. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION12. ANS: E DIF: M TOP: 14-3 SOIL EROSION AND DEGRADATION13. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION14. ANS: B DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION15. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION16. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION17. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION18. ANS: E DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION19. ANS: B DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION20. ANS: D DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION21. ANS: A DIF: E TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION22. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-4 SOLUTIONS: SOIL CONSERVATION23. ANS: A DIF: M

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS24. ANS: D DIF: E

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS25. ANS: C DIF: E

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS26. ANS: D DIF: E

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS27. ANS: C DIF: E

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS28. ANS: D DIF: M

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS29. ANS: C DIF: M

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS30. ANS: A DIF: M

TOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

31. ANS: D DIF: MTOP: 14-5 FOOD PRODUCTION, NUTRITION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

32. ANS: C DIF: E TOP: 14-7 PRODUCING MORE MEAT33. ANS: D DIF: M TOP: 14-7 PRODUCING MORE MEAT34. ANS: B DIF: E

TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH35. ANS: B DIF: E

TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH36. ANS: C DIF: E

TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH37. ANS: D DIF: M

TOP: 14-8 CATCHING OR RAISING MORE FISH AND SHELLFISH38. ANS: E DIF: D TOP: 14-9 GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL POLICY39. ANS: A DIF: M TOP: 14-10 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE40. ANS: B DIF: M TOP: 14-10 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE