ap government jeopardy – constitutional foundations
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AP Government Jeopardy – Constitutional Foundations. Final Jeopardy! Question Constitutional Foundations. Direct democracy. In Theory 100. Representative democracy. In Theory 200. Elite Theory. In Theory 300. Pluralism. In Theory 400. Hyperpluralism. In Theory 500. Natural rights. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
In Theory
Philo-sophical
Constitut-ing
Where’s it
found?
Federal-isms
Feeling “power”
-ful
Mis-cell-any
100 100 100 100 100 100 100
200 200 200 200 200 200 200
300 300 300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400 400 400
500 500 500 500 500 500 500
AP Government Jeopardy – Constitutional Foundations
Final Jeopardy! QuestionConstitutional Foundations
Federalism
Citizens vote to make decisions on public
policy, directly making law themselves
Ex: Town meetings, referendums, initiative
Direct democracy
In Theory 100
Citizens elect representatives who
make laws
Ex: U.S. Congress, state legislatures
Representative democracy
In Theory 200
A small group of people, identified by wealth or political
power, rule in their self-interest
Elite Theory
In Theory 300
PluralismIn a political culture with multiple interest groups, no one group
can gain ascendency to govern, requiring bargaining and
compromise among groups
In Theory 400
A situation in which interest groups block one another, creating
stalemate and inaction
Hyperpluralism
In Theory 500
The concept that people are born with and
entitled to certain rights; championed by John Locke who included
life, liberty, and property ownership
among these
Natural rights
Philo-sophical 100
The idea that governmental authority
is derived from an implicit understanding with the governed that
imposes responsibilities on both parties
Social contract theory
Philo-sophical 200
The idea that power of government is restricted to those powers that the people have granted it,
often embodied in a written constitution
Limited government
Philo-sophical 300
The idea that government derives its
authority from the people, who are the
ultimate rulers
Popular sovereignty
Philo-sophical 400
Principle that each of the three branches of U.S. government is
subject to restraint by the other two branchesEx: Senate approval of
major Presidential appointees
Checks and Balances
Philo-sophical 500
Replaced by the current constitution, as it had a number of faults that
generally resulted from its weak central
government
Articles of Confederation
Constituting100
Called to rewrite the Articles of
Confederation, but instead wrote a new
constitution
Constitutional Convention
Constituting 200
Compromise between large and small states
that created a bicameral legislature with equal representation in the
Senate and population-based representation in
the House
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
Constituting 300
Highly opposed by the Anti-Federalists, this
required the consent of 9 of the 13 states
Ratification of the U.S. Constitution (1788)
Constituting 400
Led by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and
John Jay; supported ratification of the U.S.
Constitution
Federalists
Constituting 500
First AmendmentGuarantees basic freedoms: speech,
religion, press, petition, andassembly
Where’s it found? 100
Fourteenth AmendmentConsists of two clauses: Due Process that extends most of the Bill of Rights
to states, and Equal Protection that provided
the basis for ending discriminating practices
Where’s it found? 200
Full Faith and Credit Clause
States are required to recognize the laws and
legal documents of other states (Article IV)
Ex: birth certificates, marriage licenses, drivers’
licenses, wills
Where’s it found? 300
Supremacy ClauseStates laws are invalid if they contradict the U.S.
Constitution, federal laws, or treaties (Article VI) –
Strengthened in McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden
Where’s it found? 400
Commerce ClauseBasis for federal
legislation regarding civil rights, labor relations, and other areas only indirectly related to trade between
the states
Where’s it found? 500
Dual federalismConcept that national and
state governments are each supreme within their own spheres of influenceEx: U.S. government has
sole responsibility for foreign policy
Federalisms100
Cooperative federalismConcept that national and state governments share policymaking power in
some areasEx: Cooperation of state and federal governments in building the interstate
highway system
Federalisms200
Devolution (New Federalism)
Giving states more authority over use of
federal grantsEx: Welfare reform
legislation dismantled a federal program and gave
the power to the states
Federalisms 300
Fiscal federalismNational government
grant money is used to influence and fund state and local policies and
programs
Federalisms 400
MandatesRequirements imposed by the federal government on
state and local governments (sometimes
unfunded)
Federalisms 500
Separation of powersPrinciple that powers are
divided between three independent branches of government, keeping any
one branch from becoming too powerful
Feeling “power”-ful 100
Enumerated (Delegated) Powers
Powers specifically granted to the federal
government by the Constitution (Article I,
Section 8)Ex: Power to raise an
army, print money, regulate immigration
Feeling “power”-ful 200
Implied PowersPowers not specifically granted to the federal
government, but “necessary and proper” to
carry out listed powersEx: Creation of a national bank upheld in McCulloch
v. Maryland
Feeling “power”-ful 300
Concurrent powersPowers granted to both the national government and
state governments Ex: Power to levy taxes, borrow money, establish
courts
Feeling “power”-ful 400
Reserved powersPowers not specifically granted to the national
government, nor denied to the states (10th Amendment)
Ex: Administer elections
Feeling “power”-ful 500
Legislative, Judicial, & Judicial
The three branches of the U.S. government
Mis-cell-any100
2/3 of Congress; 3/4 of states
Majorities – Congressional initiation AND states ratifying –
needed for a constitutional amendment
Mis-cell-any 200
Block GrantsGrants given to states that can be used for a variety of programs in a broad policy area; states have
considerable discretion as to how money is spent
Mis-cell-any 300
Categorical grantsGrants not for a specific
program, but for a specified purpose; state defines program and has
some discretion as to how funds are spent
Ex: “drug prevention” funds could be used for
law enforcement, education, rehab centers Mis-cell-any
400
Grants-in-aidMoney provided by the
federal government for a specific project or
program; state has little discretion as to how funds
are spent
Mis-cell-any 500
• Why did the framers choose federalism?
• List two advantages of federalism.
• List two disadvantages of federalism.
FINAL JEOPARDY
• Preserve state government while creating a stronger national government.
• Avoids concentration of power, keeps government close to people, states as
“laboratories of democracy,” allows for regional differences.
• Complexity and duplication, conflicts of authority, inconsistency in regulations,
education, etc.
FINAL JEOPARDY