ap history exam study guide ch 1-20
DESCRIPTION
half the book in 30 minutesTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AP History Exam Study Guide
By Will Erickson
![Page 2: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 1!
![Page 3: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Aztecs
• Great mathematicians, made numerous human sacrifices, and built elaborate cities for lack of simple technology
![Page 4: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Corn/ Maize
• Critical to early life
• Turned nomads into settlers
![Page 5: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Persuaded Spain to give him 3 tiny ships, where he ventured west and ran into Bahamas (was looking for Indies, but found Americas)
Christopher Columbus
![Page 6: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Plants to Old World: Tobacco, maize, beans, tomatoes, and potatoes
• Animals to New World: Cows, pigs, and horses
• Germs to New World: Smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria (90% killed by germs)
• To Caribbean: Sugar Cane
Columbian Exchange
![Page 7: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Treaty of Tordesillas
• Divided Americas into 2 for Portugal and Spain
![Page 8: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Entered Tenochititlan amazed by its beauty , later captured it and introduced his culture
Hernan Cortes
![Page 9: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chapter 2!
![Page 10: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Created colony in North Carolina
Sir Walter Raleigh
![Page 11: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• England’s FIRST colony, later vanished
Roanoke Island
![Page 12: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3 Things Needed To Colonize
• 1: Popular Monarch• 2: Religious Unity• 3: Nationalism
![Page 13: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Only eldest sons could inherit land
Primogeniture
![Page 14: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Allowed younger siblings chance for land
Joint-Stock Company
![Page 15: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Surplus Population
• England was very overcrowded
![Page 16: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Colonized in North America for gold
Virginia Company of London
![Page 17: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Virginia Company of England’s colony
• Nasty conditions
Jamestown
![Page 18: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• 1: Disease 2: Disorganization 3: Disposability
Three D’s
![Page 19: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tobacco/ John Rolfe
• John Rolfe: Saved economy and tobacco industry
![Page 20: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• First government in colony
House of Burgesses
![Page 21: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Protected Catholics from Protestants
Act Of Toleration
![Page 22: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Reduced risk of slave rebellion
Barbados Slave Code
![Page 23: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Georgia
• Savannah helped Georgia become 13th colony
![Page 24: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Chapter 3!
![Page 25: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
John Calvin
• Leader who expanded on Martin Luther’s thoughts
![Page 26: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Most devout Christians would only admit Visible Saints
Visible Saints
![Page 27: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Agreement signed to hold government
• Colonies settled in Plymouth Bay without authority
Mayflower Compact
![Page 28: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• 70,000 refugees left England (1630’s)
Great Migration
![Page 29: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Questioned legality of colony’s charter
• Williams was forced to leave colony
• Built 1st Baptist Church (Religious Freedom)
• Built settlements in Rhode Island
Roger Williams
![Page 30: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Constitution for Connecticut river colony
Fundamental Orders
![Page 31: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• New settlement• Goal: Grand Seaport
New Haven
![Page 32: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
New England Confederation
• 4 colonies founded to defend enemies
![Page 33: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Goal: Make trade more efficient• Smuggling= Result
English Navigation Laws
![Page 34: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dominion of New England
• Included NY, East + West NJ
• Blow to Massachusetts
![Page 35: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• Navigation laws- weakly enforced
Salutary Neglect
![Page 36: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Pennsylvania/ Penn
• Quakers arise in mid 1600’s• William Penn- earns large amount of land
(Pennsylvania)
![Page 37: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Chapter 4!
![Page 38: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Women/ Chesapeake
• Settlers faced many diseases• Life Expectancy down• Immigrants mainly men (6:1 Ratio)
![Page 39: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Indentured Servants
• Tobacco labor up
• White slaves worked for certain amount of money and time
![Page 40: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Headright System
• Whoever paid the passage of a servant acquired 50 acres of land
![Page 41: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Nathaniel Bacon fed up with Gov. Berkley
• Bacon + other men attacked Indians and Berkley
• Bacon dies (disease) and Berkley returns and murders followers
Bacon’s Rebellion
![Page 42: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• The voyage to Americas from Africa
Middle Passage
![Page 43: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
• Social Structure Ladder…
• Rich Planters (owned slaves + land)
• Small farmers (1-2 slaves)
• Landless whites (Indentured Servants)
• Black Slaves
Southern Social Structure
![Page 44: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Salem
• 20 people killed after being accused of being a witch
![Page 45: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Proud national trait of New England
Yankee Ingenuity
![Page 46: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Chapter 5!
![Page 47: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Ethnic Makeup
• America: Melting Pot• Germans: 6%• Scots/Irish: 7%• Other Euro Countries: .5%• Africa: 20%• Most mixed in world
![Page 48: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• America= Opportunity• Started to look more
like Europe• Black slaves- No Rights
Social Structure vs. Great Britain
![Page 49: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Workaday America
• 90% of people- Agriculture
• Fishing, commerce, manufacturing, lumbering, and naval stores
![Page 50: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• Trade routes with West Indies, North America, England, and Africa
Triangular Trade
![Page 51: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Molasses Act
• 1733- Reduced trade between America and West Indies
![Page 52: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Walked 9 days giving word of Declaration of Independence
Benjamin Franklin
![Page 53: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• Social place for all statuses
Taverns
![Page 54: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Religion & Location
• Church of England: Official religion of 6 colonies
![Page 55: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• Religion- Down• Jonathan Edwards: Stated
the need for complete dependence on God’s grace
• Three lasting effects– # Of Churches: Up– Encouraged missionary work
among Indians and some slaves
– 1st spontaneous mass movement of America
Great Awakening
![Page 56: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Schools & Religion
• New England most interested in education
• Mostly male leaders were educated
• Emphasis: Religion and Language
![Page 57: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Reported on government being corrupt, almost jailed
• Achievement for reporter’s freedom
John Peter Zenger
![Page 58: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• Appointed by King
• Appointed by themselves
• Themselves under self-governing charters
3 Types Of Colonies
![Page 59: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Chapter 6!
![Page 60: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
• Quebec founded in Canada
• French gain complete control over New France
• Valuable resource = beaver
• French goal- block Spain
New France
![Page 61: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• England destroyed France and Spain, rewarded land
• Spanish commander cuts off ENG captain’s ear, sends it to King
Result of wars in N.A.
![Page 62: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• England: ventured westward• France: Link Canada + Mississippi Valley
Ohio Valley
![Page 63: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Congress of Albany
• Only 7 of 13 delegates (colonies) show up
• Goal: Greater colonial unity, bolter defense against France
![Page 64: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
• Fought around world
• Frederick the Great- Defeated French, Austrian, + Russian armies
• France- Wasted strength
Seven Years’ War
![Page 65: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Proclamation of 1763
• Prohibited settlement beyond Appalachians Mountains
![Page 66: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Chapter 7!
![Page 67: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
• Wealth- Power• Gold- More exported then imported
Mercantilism
![Page 68: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
• Aimed at Dutch, trying to trade in America
Navigation Laws
![Page 69: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Sugar Act
• Increased duty on sugar imported from West Indies
![Page 70: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• Required America to supply food and housing to troops
Quartering Act
![Page 71: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
• Tax on most paper items
Stamp Act
![Page 72: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Stamp Act Congress
• 27 delegates (9 colonies) going to repeal Stamp Act
![Page 73: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
• Reaffirmed England had right to bind colonies in all cases
Declaratory Act
![Page 74: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Townshend Act
• Small import tax, colonists still enraged
![Page 75: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Boston Massacre
• Colonists fired upon by ENG soldiers
![Page 76: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
First Continental Congress
• 12 colonies met to discuss colonial grievances
![Page 77: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
• England troops kill 8 Americans at Lexington, but cut off in/at Concord
• ENG + U.S.A officially at war
Lexington & Concord
![Page 78: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
• POSITIVES– Population: 3-1 over U.S.
• NEGATIVES– Cockiness– 2nd rate generals– No desire to kill colonists
Positives/ Negatives of ENG
![Page 79: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
• POSITIVES– G. Washington + Ben.
Frank.- Great leaders– Fighting for freedom
• NEGATIVES– Soldiers- Disorganized
Positives/Negatives of U.S.
![Page 80: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Chapter 8!
![Page 81: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Olive Branch Petition
• 1775- Avoided war with England• Reaffirmed America’s faith to England
![Page 82: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
• Thomas Paine• Argued for
American freedom from England
• Written so that common people could understand
Common Sense
![Page 83: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
• Declared that 13 British colonies were now independent
• Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson
Declaration Of Independence
![Page 84: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
• Americans won• Turning point for U.S.
Saratoga
![Page 85: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
• American + French forces force English surrender
Yorktown
![Page 86: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
• Ended Revolutionary War
• America gained freedom
Treaty Of Paris
![Page 87: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Chapter 9!
![Page 88: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
• Separated church and state• Written by Thomas Jefferson
VA Statute For Religious Freedom
![Page 89: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Republican Motherhood
• The crucial role of women in a free America
![Page 90: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
State Constitutions
• Created to govern states, writers worked tirelessly
![Page 91: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Lack of Trading• England: Made own goods• America couldn’t trade with England
or French West Indies
![Page 92: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
• Written constitution for U.S.
• States get land
• Each state= 1 vote
Articles of Confederation
![Page 93: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
• Territorial stages, 60,000 people = state• Path to Statehood
Northwest Ordinance
![Page 94: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Articles of Confederation
• +: Form of government, outlined constitution
• -: No power to regulate commerce, tax collection program
![Page 95: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
• NW land bought- National Debt
Land Ordinance
![Page 96: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Ugly Duckling
• U.S. + ENG: Tension
• ENG: Kept trading posts in U.S.
• Spain: Claimed north of Gulf of Mexico + Florida
• French- Wanted debts payed off
![Page 97: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
• Farmers demanded lighter taxes
• Daniel Shay raised small army
• Rebellion crushed
Shay’s Rebellion
![Page 98: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
• Fear of mass public disorder
Mobocracy
![Page 99: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
• Held in Philadelphia• Saved by Alexander
Hamilton• Held in secrecy• Each state= 1 vote• Meant to agree on
Constitution
Constitutional Convention
![Page 100: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
• Most delegates- lawyers• 55 Delegates• All rich, young, but experienced• Goals: Preserve union, ensure security of life
C.C. Delegate Make-Up
![Page 101: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Small/Large State Plan
• “Large State” Plan: Both houses should be based on population
• “Small State” Plan: Equal representation in population + size
![Page 102: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
• Equal representation
• 2 senators/ state
Great Compromise
![Page 103: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Electoral College
• Elects the president
![Page 104: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
• Slavery citizenship debated
• 3/5th of a vote per slave
3/5th Compromise
![Page 105: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
“We The People”
• First words of constitution
![Page 106: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
• Anti-Federalists: Opposed stronger fed. gov’t • Federalists: Influence of- rich-
Anti vs. Federalists
![Page 107: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
• In favor of Constitution
• Supported federalists
Federalist Papers
![Page 108: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Ratification Process
• Bitter, riots erupted in NY + Penn• 4 final states join
![Page 109: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Chapter 10!
![Page 110: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
• Doubled• Cities emerge + grew
Population/ 25 Years
![Page 111: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
• Not in Constitution• Evolved by George
Washington• Members: Thomas
Jefferson (secr. of state), Alexander Hamilton (treasury), and Henry Knox (War)
The Cabinet
![Page 112: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Rural/ Urban Population
• Rural: 90%
![Page 113: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
• Organized Supreme Court
• Chief Justice- John Jay + 5 Associates
Judiciary Act of 1789
![Page 114: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
• Protection for freedom of religion, speech, press, bear arms, trial by jury, and prevent cruel punishment
Bill Of Rights
![Page 115: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
• Federal government paid off debt at face value + interest
Hamilton/ “funding at par”
![Page 116: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Customs Duties/ Excise Tax
• How to get/collect money? – Taxes • 1791- Excise Tax: domestic items (whiskey)
![Page 117: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
• Government- major stockholder + print $• Useful, but constitutional?
Bank of the U.S.
![Page 118: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
• Strict Constructionist: Interpret constitution literally (Thomas Jefferson)
• Loose Constructionist: Loose and broad interpretation of constitution (Alexander Hamilton)
Strict vs. Loose Constructionism
![Page 119: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Whiskey Rebellion
• SW Pennsylvania• Tarred + Feathered
revenue officers• Collections came
to a halt• 13,000 citizens
rally to crush rebellion
![Page 120: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Reign of Terror
• French king killed, church attacked
• Daily hangings• French
Revolution
![Page 121: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
• U.S. neutral to war in France• Self- Interest
Neutrality Proclamation
![Page 122: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
• Native Americans defeated, give up land
Fallen Timbers
![Page 123: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
• U.S. gives $20,000 and hunting rights
Treaty of Greenville
![Page 124: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
• England: Left posts, paid ship damage
• America: Paid off Pre-Revolution debts (merchants)
Jay’s Treaty
![Page 125: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
• U.S. + Spain• America
gained Florida and Mississippi
Pickney’s Treaty
![Page 126: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
XYZ Affair
• Secret French officials demand $32 million
• $250,000 just to speak with French foreign minister
![Page 127: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
• Peace between France + U.S.• Back to normal (ships, $, etc.)
Convention of 1800
![Page 128: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
• Alien Laws- President could deport illegal immigrants, never enforced
• Sedition Act- Reduced freedom of speech + press, deface law= fine and/or prison
Alien & Sedition Act
![Page 129: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
• Right to refuse laws
• No other states agree, 1803 adopted by Supreme Court
Nullification
![Page 130: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Federalist vs. Dem-Repubs
![Page 131: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Chapter 11!
![Page 132: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
• James Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Election of 1800
![Page 133: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
• Reduced citizenship to 5 years in country
• Replaced Alien Laws
Naturalization Law- 1802
![Page 134: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Excise Tax Repeal
• $1 Million in revenue
![Page 135: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Candidate T.J. vs. President T.J.
• Contradicts himself• 2 of him: 1) Scholarly private citizen 2)
Harassed public officials
![Page 136: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
• Created 16 new judges + offices
• *Judicial Review*
Judiciary Act Of 1801
![Page 137: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
• Chief Justice• Shaped U.S. legal traditions
John Marshall
![Page 138: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
• Madison sued for delivery of commission• “Judicial Review”
Marbury vs. Madison
![Page 139: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Barbary States• Pirates
raided U.S. ships
• Tripoli declared war on U.S. (1801)
• U.S. quickly won
![Page 140: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
• $15 Million for land
• Napoleon needed money + couldn’t maintain land
Louisiana Purchase
![Page 141: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
• Sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore acquired land
Lewis And Clark
![Page 142: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
• Closed Euro ports in French control
Orders In Council
![Page 143: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
• Forbid export of goods
• U.S. or foreign
Embargo Act
![Page 144: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
• Reopened trade with all nations except for Great Britain and France
Non-Intercourse Act
![Page 145: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
• Reopened trade w/ world, if ENG + France repealed commerce restraints
Macon’s Bill No. 2
![Page 146: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
• William Harrison + army become heroes• Tecumseh- alliance with ENG
Battle Of Tippecanoe
![Page 147: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Chapter 12!
![Page 148: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Battle of the Thames
• General Harrison defeats England
• U.S. defends own soil
![Page 149: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Plattsburgh
• 10,000 ENG prepared to invade NY
• U.S. managed to win on floating slaughterhouses (waterway)
![Page 150: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
• Francis Scott Key- Detained on ENG ship, wrote Star Spangled Banner
• Fort McHenry- Hit by ENG cannons, not captured
Francis Scott Key/ Fort McHenry
![Page 151: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
• U.S. wanted the city
• ENG- overconfident
• U.S. + Andrew Jackson won
New Orleans
![Page 152: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
• ENG + U.S.- cease fighting, no grievances
Treaty Of Ghent
![Page 153: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
Hartford Convention
• NE states meet on grievances
• Tension high, succession neared
![Page 154: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
• ENG/U.S.- Limited navies on lakes
Rush-Bagot Agreement
![Page 155: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
Nationalism
• Pride in one’s country
![Page 156: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
• Network of roads and canals
• Brought country together economically, socially, and politically
American System
![Page 157: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
• Completed in 1825 in New York
Erie Canal
![Page 158: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
• Happy phase under Pres. James Monroe
Era Of Good Feelings
![Page 159: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
• Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, unemployment, bank failures, soup kitchens, + debtors prison
Panic of 1819
![Page 160: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
• Pushed to the wall + foreclosed farms
“Wildcat” Banks
![Page 161: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Ohio Fever
• Cheap land out west
• Appealed to Euro immigrants
![Page 162: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
• Ran from Maryland to Illinois
Cumberland Road
![Page 163: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
• Buyer could buy 80 acres of land for $1.25 an acre
Land Act Of 1820
![Page 164: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
• No more slaves could be brought into Missouri slaveholders
Tallmadge Amendment
![Page 165: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
• Missouri- slave state
• Maine- free state
• 36’30”- Missouri Compromise line
Missouri Compromise
![Page 166: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
• Maryland tried to destroy Bank of the U.S. by taxing its notes
• John Marshall defends bank
McColluch vs. Maryland
![Page 167: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Cohens vs. Virginia
• Cohens accused of illegally selling lottery tickets
![Page 168: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
Gibbons vs. Ogden• NY tried to
grant monopoly of waterborne commerce between NY + NJ
![Page 169: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Fletcher vs. Peck
• Georgia granted 35 million acres to private speculators
![Page 170: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
• Questioned charter of college by King George III
![Page 171: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
• America shared Newfoundland with England for fishing
• 10 year joint of Oregon country
Treaty Of 1818
![Page 172: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
• Spain gives Florida to U.S. for claims of Texas
Florida Purchase Treaty
![Page 173: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
• Stern warning to European powers– No colonization– Nonintervention
Monroe Doctrine
![Page 174: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
• Restricted Russia’s advancement (Alaska)
Russo-American Treaty of 1824
![Page 175: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Chapter 13!
![Page 176: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
• Full of presidential candidates, all leaders
• No candidate won the majority
Corrupt Bargain
![Page 177: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
John Quincy Adams As President
• Sarcastic, tactless, brilliant in foreign affairs
• Best secretary of state, worst president
![Page 178: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
• Rewarding political supporters with political positions
Spoils System
![Page 179: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
• Every man is as good as his neighbor
• Each generation deserved its turn
Jacksonian Democracy
![Page 180: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
• Southern states protest
• Very high tariff
Tariff Of 1828
![Page 181: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
• Aborted slave rebellion in Charleston
Denmark Vesey
![Page 182: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
• Tried to get 2/3rd vote for nullification in South Carolina legislation
Nullies
![Page 183: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
• 1832- Passed by Congress, fell short of South demands
• 1833- Favored by South
Tariff Of 1832 + 1833
![Page 184: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
Force Bill
• Authorized president to use army and navy to collect taxes
![Page 185: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
• Indian journey to Oklahoma and West
• Many died
Trail Of Tears
![Page 186: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Removal Act
• Removed all Native Americans east of Mississippi river
![Page 187: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Seminole Indians• Retreated to
Everglades (Florida swamps)
• Fought for 7 years until leader was captured + surrendered
![Page 188: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
• Clay + Webster showed Congress bill to renew Bank Of U.S. charter
Bank War
![Page 189: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
Nicholas Biddle/ Biddle’s Panic
• Biddle- desperate
• Tried to create crisis by calling in Bank’s loans
![Page 190: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
Pet Banks/ Wildcat Banks
• Surplus funds placed in numerous state institutions
• Pet Banks- Where the $ was placed
• Wildcat Banks- Fly-by-night consisted of a few chairs and a suitcase full of printed notes
![Page 191: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
• Required all public land to be purchased with metallic (“hard”) money
Specie Circular
![Page 192: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/192.jpg)
• Inflation high after 2nd Bank of U.S.
• Specie Circular
Panic of 1837
![Page 193: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/193.jpg)
Divorce Bill
• Divorced government from banking altogether
![Page 194: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/194.jpg)
• Pioneers who led Texas independence for U.S.
Austin/ Crockett/ Bowie/ Houston
![Page 195: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/195.jpg)
Alamo
• Pivotal battle in the Texas Revolution
• Mexico defeated
![Page 196: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/196.jpg)
• Martin Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison
• Dems-Repubs/ Whigs
• Harrison won
Election Of 1840
![Page 197: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/197.jpg)
• Favored renewed bank, protective tariffs, and public school
Whigs
![Page 198: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/198.jpg)
Chapter 14!
![Page 199: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/199.jpg)
Life On The Frontier
• Grim, poorly fed, bad housing, and seclusion
• Dependent on neighbors
![Page 200: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/200.jpg)
Fur Trappers/ Rendezvous
• Fur traders began to feel pressured
• Rendezvous- Huge meeting with traders around mountains
![Page 201: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/201.jpg)
Problems In The Cities
• Smelly slums, bad street lighting, bad water, rats, and sewage
![Page 202: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/202.jpg)
Irish + German Immigrants
• 1.5 Million of each group• Europe: No room
![Page 203: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/203.jpg)
Nativists/ Know-Nothings
• Nativists- Rallied for political action, later created the “Know-Nothing” party
![Page 204: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/204.jpg)
Industrial Revolution
• British inventors created series of machines for mass production
![Page 205: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/205.jpg)
Samuel Slater
• Memorized textile machinery, snuck to U.S. and created spinning cotton thread
![Page 206: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/206.jpg)
Eli Whitney
• Built cotton gin• Efficiency up
![Page 207: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/207.jpg)
New England As Ind. Center
• Attractive for manufacturers• Dense population
![Page 208: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/208.jpg)
Tariff Of 1816
• Contest to control shape of economy
![Page 209: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/209.jpg)
Sewing Machine/ Howe/ Singer
• Invented by Elias Howe, perfected by Issac Singer
![Page 210: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/210.jpg)
Limited Liability/ Free Incorp.
• Businessmen could create corporations without applying for charter
![Page 211: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/211.jpg)
Samuel F.B. Morse/ Telegraph
• Communication up
![Page 212: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/212.jpg)
Worker Complaints
• Hours- Long• Wages- Low• Meals- Skimpy
![Page 213: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/213.jpg)
Commonwealth vs. Hunt• Ruled that
labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided their methods were honorable
![Page 214: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/214.jpg)
John Deere
• Created steel plow that broke stubborn soil
![Page 215: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/215.jpg)
• Mechanical reaper
Cyrus McCormick
![Page 216: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/216.jpg)
Lancaster Turnpike
• 62 mile highway• Philly to Lancaster
![Page 217: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/217.jpg)
• Highway from Maryland to Illinois (591 Miles)
Cumberland Road
![Page 218: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/218.jpg)
• Steamboat craze set off• Could go against current
Robert Fulton/ Clermont
![Page 219: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/219.jpg)
• 363 miles• Buffalo to NY harbor
Erie Canal
![Page 220: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/220.jpg)
• Railroads- Cheap, fast, + reliable
Iron Horse
![Page 221: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/221.jpg)
Chapter 15!
![Page 222: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/222.jpg)
Deists
• 2nd Great Awakening new religion
• Believe in a supreme being
• Reject original sin concept
![Page 223: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/223.jpg)
• God existed in only 1 person, not in orthodox trinity
• Stressed human goodness
Unitarian
![Page 224: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/224.jpg)
• Shattered and reorganized churches
• Converted people• Movements-
prison reform, women’s rights, and abolishing of slavery
Second Great Awakening
![Page 225: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/225.jpg)
• Reaped most abundant harvest of souls by revivalism
Methodists/ Baptists
![Page 226: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/226.jpg)
• Methodist “circuit speaker” fought oppressors
Peter Cartwright
![Page 227: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/227.jpg)
• Best revival preacher• Held giant gatherings
Charles Finney
![Page 228: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/228.jpg)
• Joseph Smith- 1830
• Bringham Young led group to Utah
Mormons/ Smith/ Young
![Page 229: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/229.jpg)
Horace Mann/ Noah Webster
• Campaigned for more and better schools
• Higher pay for teachers and expanded curriculum
• Webster- Wanted improved textbooks, created English dictionary
![Page 230: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/230.jpg)
William McGuffey
• Grade school readers (textbooks) sold 122 million copies
![Page 231: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/231.jpg)
U Of Carolina/ U Of Virginia
• Created with religious freedom
• No political influence
![Page 232: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/232.jpg)
Dorothea Dix• Travelled
60,000 miles to increase conditions of insane people
• Influence worked, now “mentally ill”
![Page 233: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/233.jpg)
• Wanted drinkers to vote to sign pledge
• Reformed drunkards emerge
Temperance Society
![Page 234: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/234.jpg)
T.S. Arthur/ Ten Nights
• Anti-alcoholic book described town ruined by bar
![Page 235: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/235.jpg)
Mott/ Stanton/ Anthony• Mott- Not
recognized at ENG convention
• Stanton- Left “obey” out of marriage license
• Anthony- Huge advocate led to supporters called “suzy b’s”
![Page 236: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/236.jpg)
• Women’s Rights Convention
• Leaders met to create Dec. of Sentiments
W.R.C. / Seneca Falls
![Page 237: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/237.jpg)
• Communities of wilderness cooperation
Wilderness Utopias
![Page 238: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/238.jpg)
Life Span
• Short, 40 years
![Page 239: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/239.jpg)
Puritan View Of Art
• Sinful waste of time
![Page 240: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/240.jpg)
New National Literature
• Washington Irving• James Cooper• William Bryant
![Page 241: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/241.jpg)
• Rejected theory that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses
Transcendentalism
![Page 242: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/242.jpg)
Chapter 16!
![Page 243: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/243.jpg)
• U.S. dependent on cotton (south)
King Cotton
![Page 244: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/244.jpg)
• Government influenced by a planter aristocracy
Oligarchy
![Page 245: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/245.jpg)
Cotton Economy
• Monopolistic• Small
farmers sold land
![Page 246: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/246.jpg)
• ¼ owned slaves• Few southerners
lived on plantations
• Landless whites- ¾ of southern whites
Southern Social Structure
![Page 247: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/247.jpg)
• Society’s basement
• Slave brought in despite import rule
Slaves vs. Infrastructure
![Page 248: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/248.jpg)
• Tried to transport slaves back to Africa• 15,000 went
American Colonization Society
![Page 249: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/249.jpg)
Weld/ Garrison/ Douglass
• Weld- Self educated, spoke to rural farmers
• William Garrison- 26 year old wrote anti-slavery newspaper (The Liberator)
• Frederick Douglass- Lectured for anti-slavery despite threats
![Page 250: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/250.jpg)
• Anti-slavery appeals tabled without debate
Gag Resolution
![Page 251: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/251.jpg)
Chapter 17!
![Page 252: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/252.jpg)
• Financial reform
• Establish a new national bank
• John Tyler- Vetoed bank twice
John Tyler & The Bank Bill
![Page 253: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/253.jpg)
• 32% on dutiable goods
Tariff Bill Of 1842
![Page 254: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/254.jpg)
Caroline
• American steamer carrying supplies attacked by Great Britain
![Page 255: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/255.jpg)
Aroostook War
• War with Great Britain in Aroostook Valley
![Page 256: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/256.jpg)
Annexation Of Texas
• Passed Congress in 1845
• 28th state• 9 Years between
interest and annexation
![Page 257: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/257.jpg)
• Oregon Fever- Restless pioneers in huge numbers travel in covered wagons along Oregon Trail
Oregon Fever/ Oregon Trail
![Page 258: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/258.jpg)
Walker Tariff Of 1846
• Excellent revenue• Heavy imports
![Page 259: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/259.jpg)
Restoration Of Independent Treasury
• James Polk’s 2nd objective
![Page 260: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/260.jpg)
Attack Across The Rio Grande
• Mexican troops cross river and attack Gen. Zachary Taylor + troops
![Page 261: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/261.jpg)
• Mexico City- U.S. won• Buena Vista- Santa Anna and Mexico defeated
Mexico City + Buena Vista
![Page 262: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/262.jpg)
• U.S. gained Texas + area west (Oregon/ California)
Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo
![Page 263: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/263.jpg)
Slavocracy
• Mexican war caused by slavery• “Evil Purposes
![Page 264: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/264.jpg)
Chapter 18!
![Page 265: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/265.jpg)
Free Soil Party
• Created by Anti-slavery supporters
![Page 266: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/266.jpg)
Sutter’s Mill
• Gold was discovered in California• Sparked gold rush
![Page 267: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/267.jpg)
• Free state• Passed
the usual territory status
California Statehood
![Page 268: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/268.jpg)
Sectional Balance
• Worrisome issue of free vs. slave state balance
![Page 269: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/269.jpg)
• Runaway slaves assisted by Northern citizens
Underground Railroad
![Page 270: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/270.jpg)
Harriet Tubman
• Slave from Maryland
• Rescued 300+ from Underground Railroad
![Page 271: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/271.jpg)
• South demanded new fugitive slave law
• Texas paid $10 Million
• Bloodhound Bill (runaway law)
• Slave/Free State• California- new state
Compromise Of 1850
![Page 272: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/272.jpg)
• South could hunt slaves in North
• Could take issue to court
• Judges paid 2X for convicting slaves
Fugitive Slave Law Of 1850
![Page 273: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/273.jpg)
• Winfield Scott- mistake
• Whigs split over slavery issue
Death Of The Whigs
![Page 274: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/274.jpg)
• People get to choose state’s status (free/slave)
Popular Sovereignty
![Page 275: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/275.jpg)
• ENG creeping up on sea
• Conflict avoided with treaty
Clayton- Bulwer Treaty
![Page 276: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/276.jpg)
Slavocrats
• Looked south for expansion
![Page 277: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/277.jpg)
Ostend Manifesto• U.S. secret
proposal to buy Cuba for $120 million
• Cuba declined
![Page 278: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/278.jpg)
• China/U.S. opened commerce in Pacific
Treaty Of Wanghia
![Page 279: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/279.jpg)
• Entered Edo Bay in 1853, requested free trade and friendly relations
• Would return later for their reply
Commander Matthew Perry
![Page 280: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/280.jpg)
• Perry returned, signed treaty
• Provided fair treatment and free trade
Treaty Of Kanagawa
![Page 281: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/281.jpg)
• Nebraska Territory split into 2 states
Kansas-Nebraska Act
![Page 282: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/282.jpg)
Chapter 19!
![Page 283: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/283.jpg)
• Showed cruel splitting of families through slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
![Page 284: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/284.jpg)
• Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
![Page 285: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/285.jpg)
Shawnee Mission
• Place where slavery supporters set up government
![Page 286: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/286.jpg)
Topeka
• Capital of free-soil Kansas
![Page 287: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/287.jpg)
• Anti/Pro Slavery conflict in Kansas• Small fights
Bleeding Kansas
![Page 288: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/288.jpg)
John Brown
• Obsessively dedicated to abolishing slavery
• Killed men and raided Harper’s Ferry
![Page 289: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/289.jpg)
• 5 men killed (supposedly pro-slavery) by John Brown
Pottawatomie Creek
![Page 290: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/290.jpg)
Lecompton Constitution
• People could vote pro or anti-slavery
• Many free-soilers boycotted poll
![Page 291: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/291.jpg)
• Attacked after giving an anti-slavery speech
Senator Sumner
![Page 292: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/292.jpg)
• Attacked Sumner until his cane broke
Representative Brooks
![Page 293: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/293.jpg)
• Hated immigration• Millard Filmore
Know-Nothing Party
![Page 294: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/294.jpg)
• Black slave had lived in Illinois and Wisconsin for 5 years
• Wanted freedom
Dred Scott Case
![Page 295: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/295.jpg)
Panic Of 1857
• Gold rush inflated currency
• Unemployment + Hunger
![Page 296: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/296.jpg)
• Reduced duties to 20% on dutiable goods
Tariff Of 1857
![Page 297: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/297.jpg)
• Abraham Lincoln + Stephen Douglas debate for Illinois senate seat
Lincoln/ Douglas Debates
![Page 298: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/298.jpg)
Freeport Doctrine
• Douglas argued that slavery would stay down if people voted it down
![Page 299: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/299.jpg)
• John Brown captured a weapons warehouse in Virginia
• Planned to arm slaves
• Later captured (by Robert E. Lee)
Harper’s Ferry
![Page 300: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/300.jpg)
• Democrats split• North- Stephen Douglas• South- John Breckinridge
N & S Dem. Party
![Page 301: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/301.jpg)
Republican Platform
• Low tariff• Immigration• Transportation/
RR• Appealed to non-
southern group
![Page 302: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/302.jpg)
Election Of 1860
![Page 303: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/303.jpg)
C.S.A.
• Confederate States of America
• Made up of southern states
![Page 304: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/304.jpg)
Jefferson Davis
• President of C.S.A.
![Page 305: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/305.jpg)
• Slavery prohibited north of 36’30”
• Lincoln rejected proposal
Crittenden Compromise
![Page 306: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/306.jpg)
Chapter 20!
![Page 307: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/307.jpg)
• Union on way to fort
• South attacks w/ cannons and open fire
• South seized fort
Fort Sumner
![Page 308: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/308.jpg)
• Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia
• Could go to U.S.A. or C.S.A.
Border States
![Page 309: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/309.jpg)
• Southern Ohio, Indiana, + Illinois
Butternut Region
![Page 310: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/310.jpg)
• Offered to lead north, stayed loyal to his home state (Virginia)
• Right-hand man- Stonewall Jackson
General Robert E. Lee
![Page 311: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/311.jpg)
• +: Motive to fight, talented officers, fought on homeland, “bred” to fight
• -: No factories, lack of supplies, weak economy
+/- Of C.S.A.
![Page 312: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/312.jpg)
• +: Controlled sea, 22 million people, immigrant support, traded supplies with Europe
• -: Trouble with top general
+/- Of U.S.A.
![Page 313: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/313.jpg)
• Productive in pre-year years, surplus in ENG, operatives thrown out of work
King Cotton Dethroned
![Page 314: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/314.jpg)
• 2 Confederate warships being constructed in ENG
• Made of iron• ENG bought
ships at last minute for royal army
Laird Rams
![Page 315: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/315.jpg)
• Accused of being “simple Susan”
• Proclaimed blockade
• Increased size of fed. Army
• $2 million for war
Lincoln’s Wartime Actions
![Page 316: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/316.jpg)
Draft vs. Volunteers
• Rich boys could avoid war
• 90% of Union troops were volunteers
![Page 317: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/317.jpg)
• Amount needed to avoid draft
$300 Men
![Page 318: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/318.jpg)
• Poor mob ran through city wreaking havoc
New York City Riots
![Page 319: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/319.jpg)
North’s Financing Of The War
• Tobacco + alcohol tax
• Morill Tariff Act
• Paperback money created
• Sale of bonds
![Page 320: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/320.jpg)
South’s Financing Of The War
• $400 million in bonds• 10% tax on farm produce• Printed blue-backed $
![Page 321: Ap history exam study guide ch 1-20](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103000/555738bad8b42a320c8b5277/html5/thumbnails/321.jpg)
• More factories• Protective tariffs• Millionaires emerge
North’s Economic Boom