AP Human GeographyExam Review

Tips – Multiple-Choice

•Completely fill in ovals•Work quickly, but carefully•Read the question carefully & all 5

answer choices before you answer.•Eliminate wrong answers quickly – mark

them out•Never leave any blanks!

Tips – Free-Response•Read the question carefully•Write just enough to completely answer the

question (no bullets, save the fluff)•Time yourself•Start with the essay you know the most about

(don’t spend more than 20 minutes on it)•Label each part of your answer to correspond

with the part of the question you are answering•Write neatly•Review your essays

Chinatown is an example of a

•Functional region•Nodal region•Perceptual region•Formal region•Uniform region

Perceptual region

The map created by Lewis and Clark could be called•Thematic map•Choropleth map•Graduated circle map•General purpose map•Topographic map

General purpose map

If you wanted to see the location of the city buildings in Seattle, Washington, you would need a •Large-scale map•Small-scale map•Topographic map•Graduated circle map•Choropleth map

Large-scale map

Human geography is the study of•The physical processes of the Earth•Who lives where, how they live, and why

they live there•The pyschology of the human race using

maps•The culture of the human race minus

environmental influences•How human evolved through time

Who lives where, how they live, and why they live there

The Christian religion in South America first spread by•Stimulus diffusion•Relocation diffusion•Contagious diffusion•Hierarchical diffusion•Force

Relocation diffusion

The three largest population clusters in the world are in•East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia•East Asia, South Asia, South America•Africa, South Asia, East Asia•Australia, South Asia, East Asia•Australia, East Asia, Europe

East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia

In what stage of the demographic transition model are the LDCs?•First•Second•Third•Fourth•Fifth

Second

Which of the following demographic statistics best measures the level of reproduction occurring in a population?•Composite birth statistics•Natal rate•CDR•CBR•TFR

TRF – total fertility rate

Which of the following statements is a law of migration according to E.G. Ravenstein?

•Most migration is urban to rural•Most migrants move a great distance•Every migration flow creates a return or

counter migration•Most migrants consist of families•Most international migrants are senior

citizens

Every migration flow creates a return or counter migration

Which one of the following statements is most characteristic of a refugee?•They usually move with official

documentation•Their first steps are often made on foot,

by boat, wagon, or bicycle•They take all of their physical possessions

with them•Their chief motivation is to get new jobs•The move at a leisurely pace

Their first steps are often made on foot, by boat, wagon, or bicycle

The process by which the English language diffused throughout India under British colonial rule•Assimilation•Hierarchical diffusion•Expansion diffusion•Contagious diffusion•Stimulus diffusion

Hierarchical diffusion

When an ethnic group completely blends with the larger society, it is called•Assimilation•Expansion diffusion•Hierarchical diffusion•Contagious diffusion•Acculturation

Assimilation

Which of the following is the best example of a cultural landscape of pop culture?•Central business district (CBD)•Commercial strip•Shopping mall•Hotel and convention complex•Bed-and-breakfast

Shopping mall

The standardization of location that erases cultural variety can result it•Place image•Popular culture•Folk culture•Placelessness•A sense of place

Placelessness

Which of the following world religions is one that proselytizes, or actively seeks out converts?•Judaism•Hinduism•Animism•Shamanism•Buddhism

Buddhism

Which of the following is the best example of a nation-state?•Germany•Italy•Vietnam•Japan•England

Japan

A part of a country that is separated from the main country by the territory of another country is•An island•Ghetto•An enclave•A peninsula•A colony

An enclave

The celebration of a national holiday is an example of•Centrifugal force•Centripetal force•Terrorism•Insurgency•Revolution

Centripetal force

Mackinder’s Heartland-Rimland Theory predicted•The Muslim takeover of the world•The rise of British colonialism•That the Japanese would conquer the

Pacific Rim•That a nation from Eurasia would conquer

the world•The rise of nationalism in Europe

That a nation from Eurasia would conquer the world

What would probably be the easiest shape of a state for national defense?•Compact•Elongated•Prorupt•Fragmented•Perforated

Compact

The practice of shifting cultivation is

•Slash and burn agriculture•Agribusiness•Found primarily in the tundra regions•Commercial agriculture•Pastoralism

Slash and burn agriculture

The Green Revolution introduced the use of •Maize•Chemical fertilizers•Mechanization•Slash-and-burn agriculture• organic farming methods

Chemical fertilizers

Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe plantations?

•They are usually found in tropical regions•They often employ alien laborers•They usually specialize in producing one

crop•The soil type is the main element

determining what a plantation produces•They satisfy a demand in temperate

regions for tropical crops like sugar, bananas, or coffee

The soil type is the main element determining what a plantation produces

All of the following factors are serious negative consequences of the Green Revolution EXCEPT•Excessive salinity of soils•Serious groundwater depletion•Increased crop production•Lost of traditional agricultural practices•Loss of traditional crop varieties (land

races)

Increased crop production

The goal of commercial agriculture is

•Minimal food security•Genetic diversity of seeds•Establishment of seed banks throughout

the world•Profit maximization•Sustainable farming practices

Profit maximization

Advertising, legal services, and retailing are examples of•Primary economic activities•Secondary economic activities•Tertiary economic activities•Quarternary economic activities•Quinary economic activities

Tertiary economic activities

The Industrial Revolution first diffused from Great Britain to•Germany•Russia•Italy•British colonies in North America•France

British colonies in North America

Which one of the following statements does NOT correctly describe commodity chains?•They usually begin in periphery countries•They reap the highest profits for core

countries•They involve several locations around the

world•They are located near cheap sources of

labor•They are centered around periphery

markets for finished goods

They are centered around periphery markets for finished goods

Which theory below explains why two competing pizza parlors both position themselves in the middle of their customer base?

•Dependency theory•The stages of economic development

theory•World-systems theory•Locational interdependence theory•The domino theory

Locational interdependence theory

All of the following factors are important in locating an industrial activity EXCEPT•The cost of labor•The cost of land•The market demand for the good•Government policies•Climate

Climate

An edge city could have any of the following attributes EXCEPT•More jobs than bedrooms•Being commonly perceived as a single

place•500,000 sq ft of retail area•500,000 sq ft of office area•Being urban for 30 years or more

Being urban for 30 years or more

A crucial part of Christaller’s central place theory is the fact that goods and services vary in range and•Access•Quantity•Spatial distribution•Threshold•Quality

Threshold – size of the population needed to make it possible to supply the good or service

If you commuted to work by automobile everyday in the city, in which zone of Burgess’ concentric zone model would you be most likely to live?

•1•2•3•4•5

5

The movement of middle-class residents into run-down urban center city neighborhoods is called

•Urban renewal•Urban sprawl•Urban revitalization•Gentrification•Multiplier effect

Gentrification

Which one of the following characteristics does NOT apply to cities of the developing world?

•Rapid population growth•An inability to provide basic services for

population•A colonial heritage•A small informal economic sector•A land-use pattern strongly influenced by

function of the city

A small informal economic sector

Name That Model…

Homer Hoyt - Sector Model

Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory

Von Thünen’s Agricultural Land-Use Model

Mackinder’s Heartland-Rimland Theory

Demographic Transition Model

Rostow’s Stages of Economic Development

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

Concentric Zone Model – Ernest Burgess

de Blij – Model of Subsaharan African City

Griffin-Ford – Model of Latin American City

Hotelling’s Model – Locational Interdependence

Gravity Model – distance decay

Weber’s Least Cost Theory

Losch’s – Zone of Profitability

McGee Model – Southeast Asian cities

Harris/Ullman – Multiple Nuclei Model

The distance north and south of the equator is the•Global grid system•Prime Meridian•Latitude•Longitude•scale

latitude

Which type of transportation system created the star-shaped city pattern?•Highways to airports that link cities•Interstate highways that link cities•Beltways around cities•Sidewalks in the CBD•Streetcar and trolley lines extending from

the CBD

Streetcar and trolley lines extending from the CBD

The concentration of production activities and people spatially to benefit everyone is called•The substitution principle•Deglomeration•Agglomeration•Infrastructure•The multiplier effect

Agglomeration

Which form of migration below are farm workers from another country most likely to be practicing during the year?

•Chain migration•Cluster migration•Circular migration•International migration•International travel

Circular migration

Of these, the map using the smallest map scale would be the map of•The world•Atlanta, Georgia•Main Street, Small Town, Ohio•Pennsylvania•South America

The world

All of the following are reasons major cities attract young people in Latin America EXCEPT

•The availability of jobs•The potential for decent housing•Educational opportunities•Their families live their already•The urban lifestyle

Their families live their already

The attempt by core countries to stimulate increased agricultural production in the periphery through use of technology, hybrid seed, and fertilizers is called the

•First Agricultural Revolution•Second Agricultural Revolution•Third Agricultural Revolution•Fourth Agricultural Revolution•Green Revolution

Green Revolution

Which country below is best represented by a population pyramid with a broad base that slopes quickly to a narrow top?

•France•Russia•Austria•Uganda•Italy

Uganda

The use and spread of English in 19th century India is an example of what type of diffusion?

•Stimulus•Contagious•Hierarchal•Relocation•Migratory

Hierarchal

The outlying area serviced by an urban center is referred to as a•Redline area•Threshold•Range•Hinterland•Sphere of influence

Hinterland

World population tends to be concentrated•In continental interiors•On continental margins•In the desert•In the tropical lowlands and river valleys•At higher elevations

On continental margins

Boundary problems along the U.S.-Mexico border are caused by which type of issue below

•Ownership of fertile ground•Land use•Irredentism•Document interpretation•Immigration

Immigration

Which of the following countries does NOT have a well-known example of a relic boundary?

•Vietnam•United Kingdom•Germany•China•Bolivia

Bolivia

What monotheistic religion is based on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ of Nazareth?

•Islam•Christianity•Hinduism•Buddhism•Judaism

Christianity

The “melting pot” theory of combining several immigrant groups into one mainstream culture is called

•Amalgamation theory•Acculturation•Ethnic islands•Ethnic clustering•Cluster migration

Amalgamation theory

The birth of an urban industrial workforce in Europe contributed to the start of the

•First Agricultural Revolution•Second Agricultural Revolution•Third Agricultural Revolution•Fourth Agricultural Revolution•Green Revolution

Second Agricultural Revolution

Which of the following world regions is NOT considered one of the world’s most densely population regions?

•South Asia•Europe•South America•Northeast U.S.•East Asia

South America

Which language family contains Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian?

•European•Slavic•Germanic•Romance•Celtic

Romance

What is the most widespread primary economic activity in the world?•Mining•Hunting and gathering•Fishing•Agriculture•Forestry

Agriculture

Which one of the following is NOT a centripetal force in a state?•A high level of confidence in central

government•The existence of strong separatist groups•The existence of national transportation

networks•The national anthem•The national flag

The existence of strong separatist groups

The global lingua franca is

•Chinese•English•French•Arabic•Hindi

English

Historically, the world’s major languages have spread by all of the following methods EXCEPT

•Sanskrit methods•Migration•Trade•Conquest•Expanding populations

Sanskrit methods

Which urban model theorizes that high-rent residential areas grow outward from the center of the city along major highways with lower-rent inhabitants taking over sequentially?

•Concentric zone model•Central place model•Urban realms model•Sector model•Multiple-nuclei model

Sector model

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of urban agriculture?•Helping to solve the problem of solid

waste disposal•Fresh produce for sale to others•Beautification of a dingy urban area•Low transportation and storage costs for

food•Renewed or purified water supplies

Renewed or purified water supplies

What is the most rapidly growing religion in the U.S. today?•Islam•Christianity•Hinduism•Buddhism•Judaism

Islam

What is the population statistic that tells us the level of fertility at which a population will have just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths?

•Crude birth rate•Replacement level•Mortality rate•Total fertility rate•Crude death rate

Replacement level

Which of the following statements regarding historical North American migration streams is NOT correct?

• Canada’s first major migration came from France

• Canada’s second major migration stream originated in the British Isles

• Canada’s third major migration stream came from Latin America

• The first major migration wave to the United States originated in Europe

• The last major wave of immigration to the United States from Latin America and Asia

Canada’s third major migration stream came from Latin America

The main factor preventing subsistence economies from advancing economically is the lack of

•A currency•A well-connected transportation

infrastructure•Government activity•A banking service•A market surplus

A well-connected transportation infrastructure

Ankara, Turkey and Islamsbad, Pakistan are both example of•Desert cities•Forward-thrust capitals•Old colonial capitals•Rival cities•Low-latitude capital cities

Forward-thrust capitals

What are the two major branches of Islam?•Sunni and Shinto•Shinto and Shiite•Sunni and Shiite•Shamanism and Shiite•Shamanism and Sunni

Sunni and Shiite

Which type of economic activity is most closely tied to the physical environment?

•Primary•Secondary•Tertiary•Quaternary•Quinary

Primary

A map that presents a single class of statistics is called a•General purpose map•Thematic map•Reference map•Mental map•Location map

Thematic map

Which of the following is a centrifugal force in a country?•Religious differences•A national holiday•An attack by another country•A charismatic national leader•Effective national government

Religious differences

In which country does language pose a centrifugal force?•Canada•U.S.•Brazil•Norway•Thailand

Canada

Which of the following North American associations is NOT correct?•Southeast – African Americans•Oklahoma and the SW – Native Americans•Quebec and northern Maine – French

Americans and French Canadians•South California – Hispanic Americans•Southern prairie provinces – African

Americans

Southern prairie provinces – African Americans

Which one of the following groups is excluded from the caste system of Hinduism?

•Scholar-priests•Warrior-landowners•Businessmen and farmers•Servants•Untouchables

Untouchables

Which one of the following is NOT a factor in creating the 3rd Agricultural Revolution?

•Use of chemical fertilizers•Use of chemical pesticides and herbicides•Mechanization•The processing and packaging of

agricultural products•The use of field drainage systems

The use of field drainage systems

In which urban US setting below would you expect to find planned communities?•Ghettos•Suburbs•CBDs•Transition zones•Barrios

Suburbs

Which of the following factors has little or no impact on mortality rates in the developing countries?•New medicines•Improved birth control methods•Pesticides•Famine relief•Improved vaccines

Improved birth control methods

The Rhine River is an example of which type of boundary?•Geometic•Artificial•Natural •Relic•Subsequent

Natural

Which one of the following items is an example of nonmaterial culture?•Dove soap•Dove candy bar•Dove symbol•A dove (bird)•Dove stew

Dove symbol

Which of the following statements doe NOT describe a factor that contributed to suburbanization in the US?

• A shorter workweek made time for a commute possible

• Changes in the housing mortgage regulations made home ownership easier

• Fixed-route public transit routes increased in importance

• Improved automobiles made transportation easier and less limited

• Increased demands for housing occurred after WWII ended

Fixed-route public transit routes increased in importance

Which factor in the last quarter century greatly destabilized Eastern Europe and led to ethnic conflict?

•The introduction of new languages•The end of the Cold War•The invasion by the Soviets•The acceptance of many Eastern

European countries into the EU•The adoption of the euro

The end of the Cold War

The sacred book of the Hindu is called the•Talmud•Bible•Torah•Veda•Koran

Veda

Urban agriculture can benefit urban society in all of the following ways EXCEPT

•Create sustainable food systems in urban areas

•Provide jobs for women and children•Turn urban waste into a resource when

utilized in safe manner•Strengthen food security for urban

families•Replace agribusiness as the main focus of

global food production

Replace agribusiness as the main focus of global food production

Which theory below was used as justification for US involvement in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s?

•Devolution•Colonialism•Heartland theory•Rimland theory•Containment theory

Containment theory

The Basques, Bretons, Kashmiris, and Tamils are all examples of •Regionalist groups•Separatists groups•Terrorist groups•Interventionist groups•Religious groups

Separatists groups

The process whereby an immigrant learns the values, language, and customs of their new country is called

•Assimilation•Acculturation•Adaption•Amalgamation•dispersion

Acculturation

Which of the following jobs is in the non-basic employment sector?•Software engineer•F-10 pickup truck assembly-line worker•Oil refinery worker•Warehouse guard•Parking lot attendant

Parking lot attendant

Variations in vocabulary, pronunciation, and rhythm in a spoken language are called

•Syntax•Isoglosses•Lingua francas•Creoles•Dialects

Isoglosses

The intensive agricultural practice of planting and harvesting the same crop more than once a year is called

•Swidden•Double cropping•Pastoralism•Interlillage•Shifting agriculture

Interlillage