ap human geography ,ÿ the grand review · match the following ... all of the following...

.

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY/,ÿ THE GRAND REVIEW

Unit I: Geography: .Its Nature and ÿrspeetive

Identify each tÿ; of map:

° .

{.....q,. .+/ , • ÿ:.

C

,/,.J

SMatch the. fgllow.ing:

°

,

,

8.

a computer system that..stol"esi: 6fganizes,retrieves, analyzes, arid displaS, s! geographic data

. , ÿ...., , "ÿv, ,!.;'ÿ.. .ÿh :i.

the forms superimpos'.ed on ÿ@iysicalenvironment by theactivities oflhumans

• . ¢

the spread of an idea or innovati:on from its source

9.

{') 10.

11.

interactions between human societies and thephysical environment

*. • '

a space-based globa!:navigation satellite system.'.'

the physical environment, rattieÿ ithan socialconditions, determinSÿ cultur@);

the small- or large-scale acquisition of:information of an object or phenomenon, either inrecording or real time

yP

a. cultural diffusion

b. cultural ecology

C,

d.

cultural landscape

environmental determinism

Ois£ GPS

g° remote sensing

+., ..

2

Choose the one that does not belong:

12.

13,

a,

b.

township and rangeclustered rural settlementgrid street pattern

aÿ. siteb. situationc," its relative location

16. a°

C,

d.

e.

17.

a. globalizationnationalism,

c. foreign investmentd. multinational corporations

a. liÿt{tude and longitudeb,_ÿ site

situationd, absolute location

15,

18.

14.

a.

b.

a. time zones

b. ChinaUnited States railroads

• 15 degrees

maj or airportgrid street patternmajor central parknatural harborpublic sports facility

Westernizationuniform consumption preferencesenhanced communicationslocal traditions

,]

Match the following (some regions have more than one answer):

19,

20.

21.

formal region ÿ ) ,i<¢

functional region (ÿ/ ÿ

vernacular region ÿS

a.

b.

C.

d.

e,

Milwaukee

the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Wisconsin

the South

an amine hub

Rust Belt

" "'. 1

":;2'-'"

22. The "why of where" refers to

a.

C.

d.

e,

geography's emphasis on landscape features. 'spatial patterns on the landscape,a definition of geography that is simply locational.the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial,the depiction of a region's physical features.

23. Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth?

a.YC.

d°

e,

maps showing the area of France before and after surveyingmaps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelersmaps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population

density by statemaps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after

the Great Depressionmaps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

Unit II: Population and Migration

Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of thedemographic transition:

987654 32101 23456789Male % ' Female

gO

701-

601-

501

401

30

20

10

0 6543210123456Male % Female

9O

8O

70

6O

5O

40

30

20

10

054321012345

Male % Female

24. /ÿI].ÿ"g. ÿ2 . J'-)_. 25 ...... "

:

26.

• ',.' :\r'' 90

80

70

60

50

40

27,

3O

2O

10

054321 0t 2345

Male % Female

28.

90

8O

7O

60

5O

4O

3O

20

10

054321 01,,2345

Male % Female

7O

60

5O

40

30

2O

10

0

29.

90

80

54321012345Male % Female

'.' .

Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

31.

8ÿ

70

0

50,|Q

32.

7 6 15 4 0 2 I 0 1 Z 0 4 ÿ= 5 7t,laÿe '.". Felÿlaÿ

33./j - 34.L,--" v ÿ ...... " "

Match the following:

36. the ability of a resource base to sustain its

population

a°

37. a population shift from urban to rural areas b,

C.38. tile number of working-age people compared tothe number of people too old or too young towork

39.

40.

41.

migration within a state

migration between states

d°

e.

f.the difference between in-migration and out-

migration

42. the process by which immigrants from a particularplace follow others from that place to another

place

g,

Male % Female

35.

brain drain

carrying capacity

chain migration

counterurbanization

dependency ratio

external migration

infant mortality rate

//ÿ 43.

"ÿ 44,

/ÿ45.

46.

Choose the cause

flight of talented people away from an area

CBR-CDR per thousand

number of children a woman is likely to have

number of deaths under the age of 2 per thousand

of the other two:

h.

i

j.

k.

internal migration

natura! increase rate

net migration

total fertility rate

47. water

, population growthc. agriculture

,.ÿ"j:-,,, • -. -,,

49. a.

50, ÿb.

C.

48.

C°

Columbus discovers Americacrops exchanged between the Western and Eastern hemispheremillions of Native Americans are killed by disease

one-child policypovertyoverpopulation

povertydrug traffickingguest workers

51. a°

b,.

high standard of livinglarge metropolitan populationStage 3 of the demographic transition

Choose the effect of the other two:

52.

53.

a. poverty

b, warmigration

C,

racismexclusion of non-white immigrantsquota laws from the 1920s to the 1960s

54.

55.

56.

a°

b.

young age structurenot marriedhigh level of migration

a°

b,

g)©b.

C°

cold weatherwarm coastal waterspopulation clusters near the equator and the coast

increased traderich natural resourcespopulation cluster on the coast

Identify each of the fol!owing as a "pull" factor or a "push" factor:"--/

warethnic cleansing /-ÿj 60.57.

58.

59.

63.

natural disaster !ÿd/4fÿ

available jobs f!)6ÿ( ÿ2ÿ"

.,.:,

61.

62,

chain migration ?-!J2¢ttÿ(ÿ

<'72, ÿ •overpopulation fÿ/-'/-iÿ

Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one

of these four regions?

64.

a. East Asiab. Southeast Asia

d. Sub-Saharan Africa. Europee. South Asia

Assuming a world population of 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6 percent, how many

people will be added to the world's population in the next year?

65.

a. 912,000b. 9,120,000

91,200,000• 912,000,000

e. 9,120,000,000

The population of the United States is approximately 300 million, and the land area is approximately9 million square kilometers• The arithmetic density of the United States is approximately

66.

a•

d>C,

d.

e,

30 square ldlometers per person.30 persons per square ldlometer.0.03 square kilometers per person.0.03 persons per square kilometer.300 persons per square kilometer,

Which continent(s) is/are commonly associated with high numbers of refugees in the early twenty-

first century?

I. AfricaII. AsiaIII. AustraliaIV. EuropeV. North AmericaVI. South America

a. I

b. 1I

d. I, 11, 1V

e. I, II, VIf. III and IV

h, IV, V, VI

Unit III: Cultural Patterns and Processes

Classify each of the following religions as monotheistic or polytheistic and ethr)ic or universalizing, andindicate their hearth region.

religion

67. Buddhism

68. Hinduism

69. Islam

70. Judaism

71. Mormonism

72. Orthodox Christianity

73. Protestantism

74. Roman Catholici,am

mono or polytheistic

7;¢/H

iZ/z?

ethnic or universalizing

1,..

y;//

f!

//

hearth region


I": "'

/@, 75.

:76.

77.

) 7,8.

7.9.

. 80.

Balkanizationtfragmentation of a region into smaller units a.

a common language b.

an example of ethnic nationalism c.

d.an example of linguistic nationalism ,

an example of linguistic fragmentation 'e;

an example of how religion can influence f.

geography

¢ 81. minority branch of Islam but majority in Iraq and g. ScandinavianI_ran

Cape Cod

, .

feng shui

Gaelic

lingua franca

Nunavut

;ÿ 82. architectural that diffused from New h. ShiitestyleEngland to the Great Lakes

Identify each of the following as rce or a centrifugal force:

83. uneven development it:: 87.

84.

85.

86.

substate nationalism -iÿfÿ 88.

linguistic homogeneity ÿ 89,

a strong tradition of local governance/ÿ 90.

national symbols i/ÿ')

compact state /ÿ

fragmented state ?ÿ

external threats /if2)

Classify each of the following as folk culture or popular culture

91. the Amish ÿ 97. relocation diffusion JZ?

92. sports /ÿ 98. cultural homogeneityÿ

93. small scale F 99. traditional diet /ÿ-

94. large scale ]ÿ 100. McDonalds iP

95. slow changefj 101. blue jeans /ÿ_9

96. rapid change ÿ2

103.

102. modem communication /¢ÿ

All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open

conflict EXCEPT

• J

a,

b.

/ÿ C.

d.

e.

Asians leaving Uganda.Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia.Tutsis leaving Rwanda.Hindus leaving Pakistan.Mexicans leaving Mexico.

104. If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names offish, but different names for acertain disease, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused?

a,

b.

C,

d.

e,

The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different

languages.The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease

spread.The disease spread to two different populations that later divided into different languages.The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate.

No conclusion is possible

105. Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect?

a.

b.

C.

e.

Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, BerberSino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, ChineseIndo-European, Indo-Iraman, Hindi, BengaliIndo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian, UkranianIndo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern

106.

i/Contact

a.

b.

C,

d.

e.

zones between religions are most likely to be volatile when they are

inhabited by two major groups with divergent religious beliefs.made up of three or more religious groups.characterized by considerable interaction between religious groups.also language contact zones.associated with competing ethnonational claims to territory.

107. is to Canada as is to the United States.

a,

b.

C.

d.

e.

French; EnglishFrench; Spanishpresidential government; parliamentary governmentconflict over ethnicity; conflict over languagenorthern hemisphere; southern hemisphere

108.

( ,";"I

109.

Mexico

I.

II.

III.IV.V

a.

b.

d.

Which

is

the largest number of legal immigrants to the United Statesthe largest number of illegal immigrants to the United Statesa member of NAFTFAa member of the OASpredominantly Catholic

II, V e. II, IV, VI, HI, V f. I, II, III, IV1I, III, V g. I, II, I11, VI, IV, V h. I, 11, I11, IV, V

of the following aspects of diffusion of Western culture threaten non-Western ways of life?

I.

II.

11I.IV.V.

a. I and IIb. I and IIIc. I, II, IV

d. I, III, IV, Ve. I, II, III, IV, V

loss of traditional valuessubjugation of womenWestern control of mediaalteration of traditional landscapespollution

Unit IV: Political organization of Space c/ÿ zf 5___

110. Put the following in order from the largest to the smallest: census tract, county, munic!pality,

nation-state, province, empire

111. O/pc/-


112. nation state

1 ! 3. multi-nation state (_ÿ

114. multi-state nation /ÿ-

J /, g ÿy.->ÿj , g dv ÿ._ ÿ"

Ua. Korea

b. Japan

c. Indonesia

",+ !, Match the following:

115. compact state ÿ-

116. elongated state F

117. prompted State/ÿ

118. perforated state ]3

119. fragmented state/ÿ

120. landlocked state

go

b.

C.

d.

e.

f.

Afghanistan

Indonesia

Nicaragua

South Africa

Vatican City

Vietnam

Match the following

121. Brazil "ÿ 4ÿ- }/ÿtEÿ.

-v /<122. China ÿ.j-!

123. Mesopotamia (/¢'S

124. Taiwan ÿjl

"some states have more than one answer):

a.

b.

C.

"d,

was a hearth

was a colony

is a sovereign state

has a forward capital

Match the following (some states have more than one answer):

125. unitary state f a,

126. federal state ,/¢ÿ ÿ) b.

127. confederal state ÿ'7 c.

128. devolution ÿ{ d.

.-??:,

e.

Canada

France

Germany

Mexico

Switzerland

129. Africa, 1850 130. Africa, 1900 131. Africa, 1950

w c,/'

?,

f. USAI

Place the following colonial powers under the appropriate headings: Belgium, Britain, France, Germany,

Italy, Netherlands, Portugal

/.ÿ 133.

(ÿ1/?IS 134.jÿ.2 135.


132: model that demonstrates the transfer of resourcesfrom less developed to more developed areas

the fringe of a state

land beyond a border

the node of a state

an area the retains a distinction from a larger area

manipulating boundaries for political gain

an area rather than a line

a. core-periphery

b. enclave

c. frontier

d. gerrymandering

e. heartland

f. hinterland

g. rimland

[": . -.4'-

139. mountain

140. language

141. religion

142. river

143. geometric

144. the Green Line

Label each boundary physical or cultural and give an example

boundary physical or cultural

/

example

145. The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of

a. pressure groupsb. nation-states

c. centrifugal organizations-0- supranati6nal organizations

e. federations

146. Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating importtariffs between member states?

C,

d.

153.

_ÿ 154.

155.


149. terracing, Mediterranean agriculture, pastoralism

150. terracing, shifting agriculture

151. arid climate, irrigation, little pork production,pastoralism

152. wheat, little pork production, pastoralism

factory farms, large pork production

wheat, Mediterranean agriculture

maize, irrigation

/6Y

- .,.)

147.

a,

b.

e.

e°

European Union (EU)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)Association of Caribbean States (ACS)United Nations (UN)

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countriesnavigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones?

47b.

C.

d.

e,

twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone and part of the Arctic Circle

export processing zone (EPZ)200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zoneempowerment zonecontinental shelf

148. An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to

grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances.govern compact states more effectively.deploy scarce resources efficiently.meet all of the above needs.

Unit V: Agriculture and Rural Land Use

a. Egypt

- b. .Greece

c. Italy

d. Peru

e. Mexico

f. Turkey

g. USA


156. a.b.

C.

increases in the amount of land under cultivationincreases in the agricultural workforceincreases in the use of energy and technology

157.

158.

b.

,:.).:..: !:.

160.

161.

162.

163.

159,

C.

a,

b.

C,

a.

b.

4;d,

.a.

b.

C,.ÿ

e.

a°

C.

d,

e.

a°

b.

@a.

b.

plantation farminghunting and gatheringsubsistence agriculture

efficient transportationregionalized cuisinecorporately controlled farms

factory farmsgenetic engineeringhigh food pricesGreen Revolution

CaliforniaMediterranean agriculture"happy cows"sharecroppingwheat

soy beanscoffeewheatcorn

rice

beefrailroadMilwaukee, 1900

hunting and gatheringIt is limited to tropical areasgender-based division of laborStage 1 of the demographictransition

164.

165,

166.

167.

a,

e.

a.

C.

d.

e.

a°

b.

C.

e,

a. nomads

b. pastoralismc. hunting and gatheringd. subsistence agriculturee, shifting agriculture

terracing

Great Plains NativeAmericans--buffaloEskimos--snowHawiians--wigwamsWisconsin settlers--log cabinsGreat Plains settlers--sod andthatch

shifting agriculturetropical climateglobal warmingdepletion of soilcommercial agriculture

sustainable agriculturelimited use of chemicalsintegration of crops and livestockuse of pesticide resistant seedorganic farms

168, What is a milkshed and why is it important?...... .., .ÿ-- .;-"25,ÿS -- " "ÿ:-<ÿ-ÿ:'.ÿ:d.-ÿ-;'/J;ÿ'

.. ÿ o--ÿ,-€ :ÿ.1 ¢ : . / / / ¢" .ÿ")¢ f,"l=

169. Isolated farmsteads in the United States evolved as a result of all of the following EXCEPT

a.

b.

C.

political stability.colonization by individual pioneer families.agricultural private enterprise.government land policy.physical barriers preventing communal farm practices.

170. Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily as

a,

b.

"" 2';'2

2':, i'

?.5"

<-

172.

171.

e,

human food.a source of fuel.

livestock feed.an export to foreign countries.raw material for various industries.

With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment

C,

d.

e,

few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment.religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical

environment.religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group.all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin.All of the above are true.

A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like theUnited States) that grow the same crop is

a.

b.

C,

d.

the amount of crop produced in a yearthe importance of the crop to the farmerthe income derived from cropsA and BA and C

173.

174.

175.

176.

Unit VI: Industrialization and Economic Development

Label each of the following as bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time:

soft-drink bottling

brewing -ÿ

nickel smelting

baking ÿÿ

177.

178.

179.

180.

automobile assembly ÿ-

• autopags manufacturing c/

electronics manufacturing 0-

call centers

Label each of the following as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity:

181. extract natural resources from the environment

182. transform raw materials into finished products

183. involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information

184. involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services

185. involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets

Indicate the country or countries:

/<186. NAFTA <ÿ.ÿ ÿ)/ /ff/fÿ'-/b/-ÿ']ÿ';')f .j

187. highest consumption of fossil fuels per capita ,//5ÿ

188. the Four Asian Tigersc) <'1 " ........,'--_ÿ-'" ,r-,, ..2..ÿ_ÿ ""' ÿ c)z€ÿSÿ'4'ÿ' /--" P:° +'"" ' C/" ÿJ-) -g

189, maquiladoras ÿ¢/gÿ,_?<-r kgdSÿ

190. Atlantic-Pacific canal ÿ79&ÿ @ÿ-,ÿjj&-,ÿ


191.

192.

193.

i

high terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility ÿ a. airplane

high terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility ÿ- b. railroad

high terminal cost, low line cost, low'route flexibility ÿ;ÿ c. ship

194. low terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility d. truck

Label the five stages of Rostow's model and briefly describe the characteristics:

I..'...:;,.t 195. Stage 1

198. Stage 4

..::i )...::'.,'ÿ: 5:

• '.ÿ>

199. Stage 5

197. Stage 3

196. Stage 2

. j/

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low:

200. standard of living /ÿiÿ/Jt6/

201. CBR

202, CDR ÿ/8ÿ'{','-'r"

203 NIR

204. life expectancy !4ÿ//j"g/

• 205. literacy

207. GEM 209. job in the informal sector


210. banking, finance, insurance ÿ a. Brazil

211. deforestation Zÿ b. chlorofluorocarbons

212. desertification ÿ- c. Mexico City

213. ecotourism ÿ d. national parks

214. ozone depletion e. New York, London, and Tokyo

..:.,.,

i:?:

215. smog (ÿ

216.

f. Sahel

Which of the following arguments help explain why seventy-five percent of those employed inExport Processing Zones, such as maquiladoras, are women?

I.

I1.KI.

IV.

Women have better educational qualifications than men.

Women are paid less than men.Many employers consider women to be more dexterous than men.Many employers consider women more likely to organize unions than men.

217.

a. I and 111 only11 and HI only

c. II and IV onlyd. I, II, and III onlye. I, 11, III, and IV

Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrializa.tion of regions like the EnglishMidlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?

a,

C.

d.

e.

the increased percentage of women in the labor forcecompetition from foreign importsenvironmental legislationthe formation of free trade associationsthe decline of labor unions

218. In recent decades, all of the following have played a maj or role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities

: of the United States EXCEPT

a. immigration from Latin America.b. high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West.

c. cheap land and labor.climatic changes leading to colder northern winters.

e. the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers.

219. United Nations recognition of a state's "exclusive economic zone" ailigws the state to

.J,

;1:1..

'"'i '

No

d,

e.

a, establish economic free trade zones within the sovereign territory of other states.claim national economic jurisdiction over 200 nautical miles of water extending from its

coast.limit importation of competitive goods and services from other countries.protect domestic production by imposing tariffs on all foreign-made products,form limited economic alliances with other countries.

220. Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by

b.

C,

d,

e.

production facilities that are generally located as close as possible to the sites of raw

material production.strong unions and localized inv01vement in all facets of the production process,

spatial disaggregation of the production process.reliance on highly skilled labor a[ all phases of the production process.production facilities located close to railroads.

Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

221. Canada iÿ. 224.

222. France ÿ 225.

223. Germany/ÿ 226.

Label each country with either the rank-size rule or the primate city rule:

India/ÿ

South Korea/1ÿ

United States jÿ


227.

228.

229.

230.

a.

b,ÿ

C.Ca,

b.

d.

e.

go

b.

a,

b.

C.

d.

e.

megalopoliscore areaBoston to Washington, D.C,Los Angeles to San Diego

Brookfleld Squareedge citygentrificationsuburban sprawlwhite flight

agglomerationbusiness parkdecentralizationedge cities

blockbusting and radial steeringredlining by financial institutionsconcentration of public housingfixed school district boundariesEconomic Enterprise Zones

231.b.

C,

d.

e,

232. a.

C,

d.

233. @

C.

d.

e.

234. a.

C.

d.

FranceMesopotamiaMexicoNorth Chinathe Indus Valley

world citiesChicagoMumbaiTokyo

500 B.C.-2defensive sitesA.D, 1700--water power

A.D. 1800--railroad junctionspre:1950--navigable waterwayspost- 1950--- highways

urbanAfricaAsiaSouth America

235. Place the following in order from least recent to most recent:business district, shopping mall, Internet

"big box" superstore, downtown


':'7.;:,,

.• y"

Eÿ) 236,

7 237.

238,

239.

) 240.

___241.

//ÿ 242.

243,

_.ÿ 244.

export primarily to consumers outside the / a.settlement /sell to people within the settlement-......ÿ / / b.

industries minus non-basic industries ÿ/ /< c.basic

related to talent ------ÿ___ÿ.ÿ___ÿ /ÿ / f d.

related to the level of services pr ---. e.

center of Latin American cities, f.

provided to people by government ' g.

246.

basic industries

CBD

central plaza

economic base

human capital

intervening opportunities

non-basic industries

downtown h, public housing

the presence of which greatly diminishesÿ the //-i.attractiveness of site farther awayÿ//

• ÿ residential district-ÿ Jillegal occupation oI a . .

squatter settlement

urban hierarchy

Which of the following environmental issues is of most immediate concern to po!icy-makers in New

England?

247,

C.

d.

e.

overharvesting of breeding stock by commercial fishers

oil-spill liabilitydesertification by overgrazing of cattleintensification of urban heat islandsgeneration of electric power by wind

Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the

Second W0rld War?

. mass production of the automobilereduction in long-distance commutingc. expansion of home constructiond. expansion of the interstate highway systeme. availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages

248, According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, thenext largest city will have a population of

a. 9 million.b. 8 million.

7.5 million.5 million.

e. 3.5 million.

249. Today, most of the United States and Canadian population lives in which of the following?

a. farming areasb. rural non-farming areas

c. central citiesmetropolitan areas

e. small towns

250. P.ublic transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily

because

,,,,'2:'>,1," "..'i'v ,', .."

a.

C.

d.

e.

Europeans cannot afford cars.Enropean governments subsidize public transit.

density is lower.the central city contains fewer high-rises.suburbs are built at subway terminals.

251. The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by

C.

d.

e,

low wages and wide use of English.low wages and geographic situational factors.wide use of English and the large number of working students.Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors.

none of the above.

252. Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by

a. high land values.zoning ordinances.

c. limited transportation.d. housing shortages.e. cultural preferences.

253. In Latin America, data for employment in many large urban areas are most likely to be incomplete

because

a.

b.

C.

d.

employment is growing too rapidly.most people are unemployed.people change jobs regularly.records are kept mainly for male workers.many people work in the informal sector.

254. Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries or communities

C.

d.

e.

increases proximity to markets.increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor.

decreases the unequal distribution of industry.leaves unmet consumer demand.

reduces transportation distances.

Models You Need to Know

Label each of the fol!owing models and explain how each can be useful to geographers.

255. y

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256.

S

257.IN

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258.

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Cecum erei ÿ;1 'W,e,ÿ dJzÿd

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259,'

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260.

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\,ÿH',ighest order settlem_ÿnts OLower order setllernents

-iJ .... X

P

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ap human geography ,ÿ the grand review · match the following ... all of the following...

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