ap state council of higher education cbcs pattern …
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AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CBCS PATTERN FOR MICROBIOLOGY
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
YEAR SEMESTER PAPER TITLE MARKS CREDICTS
I I MBT - I INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
100
MBP � I INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
50
II MBT � II MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
100
MBP � II MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
50
II III MBT �III MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
100
MBP � III MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
50
IV MBT - IV INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 100
MBP � IV INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 50
MBT - V MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS
100
MBP - V MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS
50
III V A � PAIR
MBT � A1 FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
100
MBP � A1 FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
50
MBT � A2 MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN MICROBIAL DISEASES AND
100
DIAGNOSIS
MBP � A2 MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN MICROBIAL DISEASES AND
DIAGNOSIS
50
B � PAIR
MBT � B1 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND r � DNA TECHNOLOGY
100
MBP � B1 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND r � DNA TECHNOLOGY
50
MBT � B2 BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
100
MBP � B2 BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
50
C � PAIR
MBT � C1 MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION AND
TECHNIQUES
100
MBP � C1 MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION AND
TECHNIQUES
50
MBT � C2 DRUG DESIGN, DISCOVERY AND ITELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(IPR)
100
MBP � C2 DRUG DESIGN, DISCOVERY AND ITELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(IPR)
50
AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION
CBCS PATTERN FOR MICROBIOLOGY
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT- I: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 4
UNIT-I: No. of hours: 10
History and mile stones in microbiology. Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek,
Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Ivanowsky. Importance and applications of
microbiology. Classification of microorganisms. Whittaker�s five kingdom concept, Bergey�s
Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. General characteristics and outline classification of Bacteria,
Archaea, Mycoplasmas, Cyanobacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and viruses.
UNIT-II: No. of hours: 10
Methods of sterilization: Physical methods � Dry heat, moist heat, radiation methods, filtration
methods, Chemical methods and their application.
Microbial cultures: Concept of pure culture, Methods of pure culture isolation, Enrichment
culturing techniques, single cell isolation, and pure culture development.
Preservation of microbial cultures: subculturing, overlaying cultures with mineral oils,
lyophilization, and cultures, storage at low temperature.
UNIT-III: No. of hours: 8
Staining Techniques - Simple and Differential staining techniques.
Principles of microscopy - Bright field and Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).
Nutritional types of bacteria. Microbiological media-Natural and synthetic basal, defined,
complex, enrichment, selective, differential, maintenance and transport media.
UNIT-IV: No. of hours: 10
Microbial growth: Principles of growth, Kinetics of growth, Methods of measuring
growth: Direct methods: viable plate counts, membrane filtration. Indirect methods: Metabolic
activity � measurements of DNA, Protein, Microscopic counts, electronic counters, most
probable number; Batch and continuous growth, Synchronous culture, Diauxic growth, Types
of cultures-stock, batch, continuous and synchronous cultures. Cultivation of aerobes and
anaerobes. Reproduction in bacteria and spore formation.
UNIT-V: No. of hours: 10
Ultra structure of Prokaryotic cell- Variant components and invariant components. Cell wall of
bacteria and fungi, Gram positive cell wall, Gram negative cell wall, Cell wall of fungi and yeasts.
Morphology,Ultrastructure and chemical composition of bacteria, Actinomycetes,
Spirochetes, Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae. Economic importance of algae and fungi.
SCP.
MBP- I: INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY
TOTAL HOURS: 30 CREDITS: 2
1. Microbiology Good Laboratory Practices and Biosafety.
2. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria
3. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of fungi
4. Sterilization of medium using Autoclave
5. Sterilization of glassware using Hot Air Oven
6. Light compound microscope and its handling
7. Microscopic observation of bacteria (Gram +ve bacilli and cocci, Gram -
ve bacilli), Cyanobacteria, Algae and Fungi.
8. Simple staining
9. Gram�s staining
10. Hanging-drop method.
11. Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method.
12. Preservation of bacterial cultures by various techniques.
SUGGESTED READING:
Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R. (1993). Microbiology. 5th Edition, Tata Mc
Graw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.
Dube, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2000) General Microbiology. S Chand, New Delhi.
Edition), Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
Power, C.B. and Daginawala, H.F. (1986). General Microbiology Vol I & II
Prescott, M.J., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. (2010). Microbiology. 5th Edition, WCB Mc
GrawHill, New York.
Reddy, S.M. and Reddy, S.R. (1998). Microbiology � Practical Manual, 3 rd Edition, Sri
Padmavathi Publications, Hyderabad.
Singh, R.P. (2007). General Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Stanier, R.Y., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L. (1991). General Microbiology, 5th Ed.,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Microbiology Edited by Prescott
Jaya Babu (2006). Practical Manual on Microbial Metabolisms and General
Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Gopal Reddy et al., Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS � 2020
MBT � II: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 4
UNIT-I: No. of hours: 8
Carbohydrates � Classification, chemistry, properties, and function� mono, di, oligo and
polysaccharides. Lipids � classification, chemistry, properties and function � free fatty acids,
triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids &waxes
UNIT-II: No. of hours: 10
Aminoacids �classification, structure and function. Essential amino Acids & amphoteric
nature of amino acids and reactions and functions of carboxyl and amino groups and side chains.
Proteins� isolation and characterization of proteins. Structural levels of proteins� primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary, denaturation of proteins. Hydrolysis of proteins. Outlines of
Protein sequencing using various methods.
UNIT � III: No. of hours: 10
Nucleicacids�structure, function and their properties. Structural polymorphism of DNA,
RNA. Chemical structure and base composition of nucleic acids, Chargaff's rules, Watson
Crick Model (B-DNA), deviations from Watson-Crick model, other forms of DNA (A- and
Z-DNA), forces stabilizing nucleic acid structures, (hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic
associations, base stacking). Structural characteristics of RNA. Types of RNA.
UNIT � IV: No. of hours: 10
Aerobic respiration - Glycolysis, HMP path way, ED path way, TCA cycle, Electron
transport, oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation. Kreb�scycle, glyoxylatecycle, hexose
monophosphate (HMP) shunt, gluconeogenesis.
Anaerobic respiration Fermentation, Biochemical mechanisms of lacticacid, ethanol, butanol
and citricacid fermentations. Nitrate and sulphate respiration. Outlines of oxygenic and anoxy
genic photosynthesis in bacteria.
UNIT- V No. of hours: 10
Properties and classification of Enzymes. Biocatalysis- induced fit and lock and key models.
Coenzymes and Cofactors. Factors affecting catalytic activity.
Inhibition of enzyme activity- competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive and allosteric.
Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, effect of substrate concentration, effect of enzyme concentration, effect of p H and temperature, temperature.
MBP � II: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 2
1. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates.
2. Qualitative Analysis of Aminoacids.
3. Colorimetric estimation DNA by diphenylamine method.
4. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method.
5. Colorimetric estimation of proteins by Biuret / Lowry method.
6. Estimation of reducing sugar-Anthrone method.
7. Estimation of sugar by titration method�Benedict�s method.
8. Determination of pKa and pI values of amino acids.
9. Assay of amylase activity
10. Effect of temperature / pH on enzyme activity
11. demonstration of immobilization of enzyme activity.
SUGGESTED READING:
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company
Caldwell, D.R. (1995). Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, W.C. Brown Publications,
Iowa, USA.
Lehninger, A.L., Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (1993). Principles of Biochemistry, 2 nd
Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Sashidhara Rao, B. and Deshpande, V. (2007). Experimental Biochemistry: A student
Companion. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.
Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed.,
W.H.Freeman
Voet,D. and Voet J.G (2004) Biochemistry 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons
White, D. (1995). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, Oxford University
Press, New York.
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS � 2020
MBT � III: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 4
UNIT- I: No. of hours: 8
Normal flora of human body. Host pathogen interactions: infection, invasion, pathogen,
pathogenicity, virulence and opportunistic infection. General account on nosocomial infection.
General principles of diagnostic microbiology- collection, transport and processing of clinical
samples. General methods of laboratory diagnosis - cultural, biochemical, serological and
molecular methods.
UNIT- II: No. of hours: 10
General account on microbial diseases - causal organism, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis,
prevention and control.
Bacterial diseases - Tuberculosis and Typhoid
Fungal diseases � Candidiasis, Aspergillosis, Yeast
Protozoal diseases � Malaria, Filaria & Diseases spread by House Fly.
Viral Diseases - Hepatitis- A & C and AIDS.
UNIT- III: No. of hours: 10
Description and pathology of diseases caused by Aspergillus, Penicillium. Description and
pathology of diseases caused by hemoflagellates; Leishmania donavani, L.tropica,
Trypanosoma gambiense. Principles of chemotherapy, Antibacterial drugs � Penicillin,
Antifungaldrugs � Nystatin, Antiviralagents � Robovirin, Drug resistance in bacteria.
Interferon � Nomenclature, types & classification, Induction of interferon, types of Inducers.
UNIT- IV: No. of hours: 10
Types of immunity - innate and acquired; active and passive; humoral and cell-mediated
immunity.
Primary and secondary organs of immune system - Thymus, Bursa fabricus, bone marrow,
spleen and lymph nodes.
Cells of immune system.
Identiification and function of B and T lymphocytes, null cells, monocytes, macrophages,
neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.
UNIT � V: No. of hours: 10
Antigens - types, chemical nature, antigenic determinants, haptens. Factors affecting
antigenicity.
Antibodies - basic structure, types, properties and functions of immunoglobulins.
Types of antigen-antibody reactions - Agglutinations, Precipitation, Neutralization,
complement fixation, blood groups.
Labeled antibody based techniques - ELISA, RIA and Immuno fluroscence. Polyclonal and
monoclonal antibodies - production and applications.
Concept of Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity. Hybridoma technology.
MBP � III: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 2
1. Identification of human blood groups.
2. Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).
3. Estimation of blood haemoglobin.
4. Total Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.
5. Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.
6. Immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method.
7. Identify bacteria - E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, using
laboratory strains on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical
characteristics: IMViC, urease production and catalase tests
8. Isolation of bacterial flora of skin by swab method.
9. Antibacterial sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer method
10. Study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs: Anthrax,
Polio, Herpes, chicken pox, HPV warts, Dermatomycoses (ring worms)
11. Study of various stages of malarial parasite in RBCs using permanent mounts.
SUGGESTED READING:
Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th
edition, University Press Publication.
Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013)
Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg�s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill
Publication.
Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitt�s Essential Immunology.11th
edition Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.
Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. (2007). Kuby�s Immunology. 6th edition W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York.
Kuby�s Immunology. 6th edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg�s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill
Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier Publication.
Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2013) Prescott, Harley and Klein�s
Microbiology. 9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT � IV INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT � I No. of hours: 7
Microorganisms of industrial importance � yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), moulds
(Aspergillus niger) bacteria (E.coli), actinomycetes (Streptomyces griseus). Industrially
important Primary and secondary microbial metabolites. Screening techniques. Techniques
involved in selection of industrially important metabolites from microbes.
UNIT � II No.of hours: 10
Fermentation and fermenter: concept and discovery of fermentation. Fermenter: its parts and
function. Types of fermenter � batch, continuous and fed batch.
Types of fermentation processes � solid state, liquid state, batch, fed-batch, continuous.
Basic concepts of Design of fermenter.
Ingredients of Fermentation media.
Downstream processing - filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction.
UNIT � III No.of hours: 8
Microorganisms involved in Pharma and therapeutic enzymes. Enzymes used in detergents,
textiles and leather industries. Production of amylases and Proteases. Production of therapeutic
enzymes. Role of microorganisms in bioleaching and textile industry.
UNIT � IV No.of hours: 7
Industrial microorganisms: cell growth, microbial growth kinetics, factors affecting growth,
basic nutrition, principles of production media, components of media, chemical composition of
media. Microbial production of Industrail products: Citric acid, Ethanol, Penicillin, Glutamic
acid, and vitamin B12.
UNIT � V No.of hours:7
Bioreactors: basic structure of bioreactor, types of bioreactors, kinetics and methodology of
batch and continuous bioreactors. Sterilization of bioreactors: fibrous filter sterilization. Aeration
and agitation: agitation in shake flask and tube rollers.
MBP � IV INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
Total hours: 36 Credits: 2
1. Production of ethanol
2. Estimation of ethanol
3. Isolation of amylase producing microorganisms from soil
4. Production of amylase from bacteria and fungi
5. Assay of amylase
6. Demonstration of fermenter
7. Production of wine from grapes
8. Growth curve and kinetics of any two industrially important microorganisms.
9. Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of ethanol from grapes
10. Microbial fermentation for the production and estimation of citric acid
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT � V: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 4
UNIT- I No. of hours: 8
DNA and RNA as genetic material. Structure and organization of prokaryotic DNA. Watson and
Crick model of DNA. Extra chromosomal genetic elements - Plasmids and transposons.
Replication of DNA - Semi conservative mechanism, Enzymes involved in replication. UNIT- II No. of hours: 10
Mutations - spontaneous and induced, base pair changes, frame shifts, deletions, inversions,
tandem duplications, insertions.
Mutagens - Physical and Chemical mutagens.
Outlines of DNA damage and repair mechanisms.
Genetic recombination in bacteria - Conjugation, Transformation and Transduction.
UNIT- III No. of hours: 10 Concept of gene � Muton, Recon and Cistron. One gene one enzyme and one gene one
polypeptide hypotheses.
Types of RNA and their functions.
Genetic code.
Structure of ribosomes. Bacterial recombination � Bacterial transformation, Bacterial conjugation, Transduction�
Generalized and specialized transductions.
UNIT- IV No. of hours: 8
Types of genes - structural, constitutive, regulatory, clustered genes and the control of gene
expression. Regulation of gene expression in bacteria - operon concepts - Negative and positive
control of the Lac Operon, trp operon. Poly and Mono cistronic m-RNA.
UNIT- V No. of hours: 10
Transcription: Enzymatic Synthesis of RNA - Basic features of RNA synthesis, E.coli
RNA polymerase, Classes of RNA molecules, processing of tRNA and rRNA in E.coli,
Transcription in Eukaryotes, Eukaryotic rRNA genes, formation of eukaryotic tRNA molecules,
RNA Polymerases of eukaryotes. Translation: Outline of Translation, The Genetic Code, The
Decoding System, Codon Anticodon interaction. Protein Synthesis, Complex Translation units,
Inhibitors and Modifiers of protein synthesis, Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes.
MBP � V: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS
TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 2
1. Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model / schematic
representations.
2. Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic
representations
3. Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli
4. Estimation of DNA using UV spectrophotometer.
5. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
6. Resolution and visualization of proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(SDS - PAGE).
7. Problems related to DNA and RNA characteristics, Transcription and Translation.
8. Induction of mutations in bacteria by UV light.
9. Instrumentation in molecular biology - Ultra centrifuge, Transilluminator, PCR
SUGGESTED READING:
Freifelder, D. (1990). Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
Freifelder, D. (1997). Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House,
New Delhi.
Glick, B.P. and Pasternack, J. (1998). Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press,
Washington D.C., USA.
Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VIII. Oxford University Press, England.
Maloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. and Freifelder, D. (1994). Microbial Genetics, Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, London.
Ram Reddy, S., Venkateshwarlu, K. and Krishna Reddy, V. (2007) A text Book of
Molecular Biotechnology. Himalaya Publishers, Hyderabad.
Sinnot E.W., L.C. Dunn and T. Dobzhansky. (1958). Principles of Genetics. 5 th Edition.
McGraw Hill, New York.
Smith, J.E. (1996). Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press.
Snyder, L. and Champness, W. (1997). Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. ASM press,
Strickberger, M.W. (1967). Genetics. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. (2004). Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology,
Evolution and Ecology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Vth SEMEISTER PAPERS
THERE WILL BE THREE PAIRS OF EACH DOMAIN OF CORE COURSE.
STUDENT HAS TO CHOOSE ONE PAIR FROM EACH DOMAIN.
A � PAIR
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT A1 � FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT � 1 No.of Hours:8
Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbial growth in food
Microbial spoilage of food - fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, egg, bread and canned foods
Food intoxication (botulism).
Food-borne diseases (salmonellosis) and their detection.
UNIT � II No.of Hours:8
Principles of food preservation - Physical and chemical methods.
Fermented Dairy foods � cheese and yogurt.
Microorganisms as food � SCP, edible mushrooms (white button, oyster and paddy straw). Probiotics and
their benefits.
UNIT � III No.of Hours:8
Soil Microbiology: Microbial groups in soil, microbial transformations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
and sulphur, Biological nitrogen fixation. Microflora of Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere microflora,
microbes in composting. Importance of mycorrhizal inoculums, types of mycorrhizae associated plants,
mass inoculums. Production of VAM, field applications of Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.
UNIT - IV No.of Hours:8
Beneficial microorganisms in Agriculture: Biofertilizer (Bacterial Cyanobacterial and Fungal), microbial
insecticides, Microbial agents for control of Plant diseases, Biodegradation, Biogas production,
Biodegradable plastics, Plant � Microbe interactions.
Diseases caused by bacteria and fungi to various commercial and food crops (2 examples each)
Management of soil biota for maintaining soil fertility. Convertion of waste lands into fertile lands.
Management of soil nutrients.
UNIT � V No.of Hours: 12
Terrestrial Environment: Soil profile and soil microflora. Aquatic Environment: Microflora of
fresh water and marine habitats. Atmosphere: Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbes.
Extremophiles. Nutrient cycling - Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus. Methods to detect portability of
water samples.
Outlines of Solid Waste management: Sources and types of solid waste, Methods of solid waste
disposal (composting and sanitary landfill).
Liquid waste management: Composition and strength of sewage (BOD and COD), Primary,
secondary and tertiary sewage treatment.
MBP A1 � FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Total hours: 40 Credits: 2
1. Isolation of bacteria and fungi spoiled bread / fruits / vegitables
2. Preparation of yogurt / dahi
3. Determination of microbiological quality of milk sample by MBRT
4. Enumeration of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes from soil
5. Enumeration and identification of rhizosphere micro flora
6. Isolation of rhizobium from root nodules.
7. Isolation of azatobcter from soil.
8. Observation description of any three bacterial and fungal plant diseases
9. Staining and observation of VAM.
10. Analysis of soil - pH, Moisture content and water holding capacity.
11. Study of air flora by petriplate exposure method.
12. Analysis of potable water: SPC, Presumptive, confirmed and completed test,
determination of coli form count in water by MPN.
13. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of waste water samples.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals &
Applications. 4th edition, Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, USA
Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley
Blackwell, USA
Campbell RE. (1983). Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication,
Oxford, England.
Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiology: An Exploratory Approach. Delmar
Thomson Learning.
Lynch JM & Hobbie JE. (1988). Microorganisms in Action: Concepts &
Application in Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, U.K.
Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2014). Brock Biology of
Microorganisms. 14th edition. Pearson/ Benjamin Cummings.
Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental Microbiology. 2nd
edition, Academic Press.
Martin A. (1977). An Introduction to Soil Microbiology. 2nd edition. John Wiley
& Sons Inc. New York & London.
Okafor, N (2011). Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic & Waste systems. 1st
edition, Springer, New York.
Singh A, Kuhad, RC & Ward OP (2009). Advances in Applied Bioremediation.
Volume 17, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hedeilberg
Stolp H. (1988). Microbial Ecology: Organisms Habitats Activities. Cambridge
University Press,Cambridge, England.
Subba Rao NS. (1999). Soil Microbiology. 4th edition. Oxford & IBH Publishing
Co. New Delhi.
Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2013). Prescott�s Microbiology.
9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT A2 � MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN MICROBIAL DISEASES AND DIAGNOSIS
UNIT � I No.of Hours: 8
Definition and concept of health, disease, infection, and pathogen. Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and
Protozoan Diseases of various human body systems. Disease associated clinical samples for
diagnosis - any three diseases of each.
UNIT- II No. of hours: 8
General account of epidemiology: principles of epidemiology, current epidemics (AIDS,
nosocomal, acute respiratory syndromes). Collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin,
blood, CSF, urine and faeces) and precautions required.
Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage.
UNIT- III No. of hours: 8
Mechanism of bacterial pathogenicity, colonization and growth, virulence, virulence factors,
exotoxins, enterotoxins, endotoxins and neurotoxins.
Examination of sample by staining - Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelson staining for tuberculosis,
Giemsa-stained thin blood film for malaria.
Preparation and use of culture media - Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein-Jensen medium,
MacConkey agar, Distinct colony properties of various bacterial pathogens.
UNIT- IV No. of hours: 6
Serological Methods - Agglutination, ELISA, immunofluorescence, Nucleic acid based methods
- PCR, Nucleic acid probes.
Diagnosis of Typhoid, Dengue and HIV, Swine flu. Role of vectors- biology of vectors. (1)
House fly (2) Mosquitoes (3) sand fly.
UNIT- V No. of hours: 6
Importance, Determination of resistance/sensitivity of bacteria using disc diffusion method,
Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial double
dilution method. Epidemiological investigations to identify a disease, Problems of drug
resistance and drug sensitivity. Drug resistance in bacteria.
MBP- AII: MICROBIAL DIAGNOSIS IN HEALTH CLINICS
TOTAL HOURS: 40 CREDITS: 2
1. Collection transport and processing of clinical specimens (Blood, Urine, Stool and Sputum).
Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens.
2. Physical, Chemical & microscopic examination of clinical samples � urine, stool, puss,
sputum.
3. Isolation and identification of following pathogens from clinical samples: E.coli, Salmonella
and Psedumonas.
4. Demonstration of permanent slides of the following parasites:
a) Entamoeba histolytica
b) Ascaris spps.
c) Plasmodium spps.
d) Mycobacterium tuberculosis & Mycobacterium leprae
5. Estimation of hemoglobin (Acid hematin and cyan methanoglobin method).
6. ESR and PCV determination.
7. Immuno hematology: Blood group typing by slide test & tube for ABO & Rh systems.
8. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture and Antibiotic sensitivity.
SUGGESTED READING
Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of Microbiology, 8th edition,
Universities Press Private Ltd.
Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013) Jawetz,
Melnick and Adelberg�s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill Publication.
Collee JG, Fraser, AG, Marmion, BP, Simmons A (2007) Mackie and Mccartney
Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th edition, Elsevier.
Randhawa, VS, Mehta G and Sharma KB (2009) Practicals and Viva in Medical
Microbiology 2ndedition, Elsevier India Pvt Ltd.
Tille P (2013) Bailey�s and Scott�s Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th edition, Mosby.
B � PAIR
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT BI � MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND r � DNA TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 3
UNIT � I No. of hours: 8
Introduction to microbial biotechnology, Bacterial genes, genomes and genetics. Recombinant
microbial biotechnology products, biotechnology regulation and ethics. Restriction and
Modification: Classification of restriction endonucleases. Enzymes used in molecular cloning;
Polymerases, ligases, phosphatases, kinases and nucleases; Advanced Molecular biology
techniques, Electrophoresis and Blotting techniques.
UNIT- II No. of hours: 8
Cutting and joining DNA: (cohesive end ligation, methods of blunt end ligation).
Transfection and transformation. Selection of transformed cells. Screening methods (Genetic
marker and blue white screening).
Biomass and bio fuels: plant biomass (cellulose, starch, pectin, gum materials). Animal biomass
(chitin, milk, whey, slaughter, house waste). Microbial biomass (alagal blooms, in fresh and sea
water), fungal mushrooms, fermentation waters by yeasts, and bacterial biomass.
UNIT- III No. of hours: 7
Cloning vehicles - Plasmid, Bacteriophage, Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries.
Advantages of cDNA libraries. Concept of single cell proteins, probiotics and their applications.
Microbial production of fuels: alcohols, hydrogen and methane. Microbial production of
polymers: xanthenes gums.
UNIT- IV No. of hours: 7
Methods of gene sequencing � Maxam - Gilberts and Sanger�s dideoxy chain termination
methods; Polymerase chain reaction technique (Components in PCR and PCR conditions).
Methods of gene transfer in fungi, yeast and higher plants using microinjection, microprojectile
bombardment (gene gun method, Electroporation and Agrobacterium mediated transformation.
Expression of cloned genes in bacteria, yeast, plant and animal cells. Basic principles and
application of biosensors. Nucleic acid probe technology.
UNIT- V No. of hours: 7
Concept of genetically modified microorganisms. Bt cotton : production, advantages and
limitations.
Probable advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops. Role of microorganisms in
creation of transgenic animals and plants.
MBT- BI : MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND r � DNA TECHNOLOGY
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 2
1. Culturing of mushrooms
2. Isolation of yeast from grapes.
3. Production of wine
4. Production of ethyl alcohol
5. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from E.coli
6. Tissue culture: callus cultivation
7. Fermentative production of ethyl alcohol
8. Transformation in Bacteria using plasmid.
9. Restriction digestion of DNA and its electrophoretic separation.
10. Ligation of DNA molecules and their testing using electrophoresis.
11. Activity of DNAase and RNAse on DNA and RNA.
12. Isolation of Plasmid DNA.
13. Demonstration of PCR.
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT B2 � BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 3
UNIT � I No.of hours: 7
Definition, nature and scope of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics versus computational biology.
Branches of bioinformatics. Basic concepts in bioinformatics. Introduction to Biological data
bases: NCBI, EMBL, EXPASY, PIR, Pfam. Concept of World Wide Web: HTML, HTPP.
UNIT � II
Searching sequence data bases using BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment� progressive
alignment�profiles�multi dimensional dynamic programming. Biostatistics: Measures of Central
tendency and distribution�mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, variance.
UNIT � III No.of hours: 7
Basic principles of probability theory, Bayes theorem, Normal distribution, statistical inference �
Types of errors and levels of significance. Comparison of variance (F-test), small sample test, t-
test for comparison of means, chi square test. Analysis of variance�one way and two way,
multiple comprises.
UNIT � IV No.of hours: 7
Correlation and Linear regression. Sequence Analysis: Introduction to hidden Markov models.
Genomics and proteomics: Molecular phylogenetics: Construction of Phytogenetic trees using
parsimony method and branch & bound method. Clustering methods� UPGMA & neighbor-
joining. Fragment assembly, peptide sequencing using mass and spectroscopy data. Comparative
genomics.
UNIT � V No.of hours: 8
Modeling: Protein secondary structure prediction�Chou Fasmanrules� Neural networks�
discriminant analysis. Prediction of transmembrane segments in Membrane proteins. Protein3D
structure prediction� homology� threading � Potential energy functions�energy minimization�
molecular dynamics�simulated annealing.
MBP B2 - BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 2
1. Isolation of plasmid DNA from E.coli cells
2. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteins / DNA by using spectrophotometer.
3. Demonstration of Southern hybridization
4. Demonstration of amplification DNA by PCR.
5. Use of software for sequence analysis of nucleotides and proteins.
6. Problem related to t � test and chi2 test.
7. Use of Internet/software for sequence analysis of nucleotides and proteins:
8. Studies of public domain data bases for nucleic acid and protein sequences.
9. Determination of protein structure (PDB).
10. Genome sequence analysis
11. Problems related to measures of central tendency, dispersion, t-test and chi
Square test.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Daniel, 2006, Biostatistics, Eighth Edition. John Wisley and sons.
2. Durbin, Eddy, Krogh, Mithison, Biological sequence analysis.
3. T.A.AttwoodandD.J.parry�smith, 2001, Introduction of Bioinformatics.
4. A.D.Baxevaris,1998, Bioinformatics:Apracticalguidetotheanalysisof
Genes and proteins,(Edited) B.F.Publication.
5. David W, 2005, Bio-informatics;sequenceandGenomeAnalysis,2ndEdition
By Mount CB Spublishers.
C � PAIR
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT CI � MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION AND
TECHNIQUES
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 3
UNIT � I No.of hours:7
Microbial quality control definition, history and introduction. Standard Methods involved in
assessment of microbial quality control. Q.A and Q.C definitions and importance. Traditional
Microbiological Quality Controling methods: Sampling methods, TVC, APC and serial dilution
techniques. Microbiological criteria. Laboratory facility design for quality control: Sterilization,
disinfection and decontamination. Personnel training: Hygiene and handling techniques.
Documentation. Good laboratory practices.
UNIT � II No.of hours: 8
Culture media used in QC and QA: Design of specialized media for identification of pathogens.
Good laboratory practices in culture media preparation: raw material, water, pH. Uses of media.
Selective and indicator media used in pharmaceutical and food industries. Instruments associated
in QC and QA: Principle involved, working conditions, uses and precautions of Laminar Air
Flow (LAF), Autoclave, Incubator, pH meter, Colony counter, Hot air oven, Centrifuges and
storage devices.
UNIT � III No.of hours: 7
Techniques for enumeration of microorganisms: sample preparation from Aqueous, soluble,
insoluble, medical and pasteurized materials. Counting methods: pour plate, spread plate,
membrane filtration. Most Probable Number (MPN) and MIC. Turbidimetric methods. Staining
techniques for identification bacteria and Fungi.
UNIT � IV No.of hours:7
Microscopy � Principles of light, phase, fluorescent & electron microscopes; Microscopic
techniques: Basic principles and applications of phase � contrast microscopy, fluorescent
microscopy and electron microscopy, types of electron microscopy� scanning and transmission.
Radio isotopes: radiometric analysis, stable and radioactive isotopes, preparation, labeling,
detection and measurement of isotope.
UNIT - V No.of hours:7
Principles of Centrifugation � Centrifugation techniques � preparative and analytical methods,
density gradient centrifugation. General principles and applications of chromatography � Paper,
Column, Thin layer, Gas, Ion exchange, Affinity chromatography, HPLC, FPLC, GCMS and Gel
filtration. Electrophoresis- moving boundary, zone (Paper Gel) electrophoresis. Immuno
electrophoresis. Immuno blotting. Isoelectric focusing, 2-Delectrophoresis, Principles of
colorimetry
MBP-C1 : MICROBIAL INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES
Total hours: 36 Credits: 2
1. Isolation and enumeration of bacteria form food / pharmaceutical source.
2. Quality Assurance of water by MPN method.
3. Preparation of any two selective and indicator media commonly used Q.A & Q.C
4. Microbial quality of in and around laboratory conditions.
5. Isolation and Identification of fungi by using selective media and staining procedures.
6. Identification of MIC of any one antibiotic.
7. Colorimetric and spectroscopic estimation of nucleic acids.
8. Microscopic observations of examination of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.
9. Separation of cell components by centrifugation technique.
10. Demonstration of immune electrophoresis.
11. Demonstration of HPLC.
Suggested readings:
1. Hand book of Microbial Quality control by Rosamund. M, Baird Norman. A, Hodges and
Stephen. P, Denyer. CRC press.
2. The Microbiological Quality of Food, 1st Edition, Editors: Antonio Bevilacqua Maria
Rosaria Corbo Milena Sinigaglia eBook ISBN: 9780081005033 Imprint:Wood head
Publishing.
3. Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Second
Edition, Stephen P. Denyer, Rosamund M. Baird, CRC Press.
4. WILSON & WALKER, Practical Biochemistry: Principles and techniques, Academic
publishers.
5. UPADHYAY, UPADHYAY &NATH, Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and
techniques, Himalaya Publishers.
B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) REVISED SYLLABUS - 2020
MBT � C2: DRUG DESIGN, DISCOVERY AND ITELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(IPR)
TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 3
Unit � I No. of Hours: 7
Introduction- History of drug design, Current approaches and philosophies in drug design,
Molecular mechanisms of diseases and drug action with examples. Pharmaceutical products of
microbial origin (antibiotics) animal origin (sex hormones), plant origin (Alkaloids &
Morphine). Sources of Drugs- Microbial drugs, Plants as a source of drugs, E. coli as a source of
recombinant therapeutic proteins.
Unit � II No. of Hours: 7
Expression of recombinant proteins in yeasts, animal cell culture systems.. Rational drug design
and Combinatorial approaches to drug discovery. Drug development process- Impact of
genomics and related technologies upon drug discovery: Gene chips, Proteomics, Structural
genomics and Pharmacogenetics. Drug manufacturing process- Guides to good manufacturing
practice.
Unit � III No. of Hours: 7
Vaccines and adjuvant- Traditional vaccine preparations, Attenuated and inactivated viral and
bacterial vaccines, Toxoids. Peptide vaccines. Adjuvant technology. Nucleic acid as drugs- Gene
therapy: Basic approach to gene therapy, Vectors used in gene therapy - Manufacture of viral
vectors, Non-viral vectors. Gene therapy and genetic disease, cancer, Gene therapy and AIDS.
Gene based vaccines.
Unit � IV No. of Hours: 8
Introduction: general introduction to IPR (parent, plant breeder�s right). Trademarks, industrial
design, trade secrets (or) undisclosed information integrated circuit designs.
Patenting principle, international � standards and patent validity (neem and relaxins), recent
developments in patent system and patentability of biotechnology, invention IPR issues of the
Indian context. Copy right and rights related to copy right, International standards as per WHO,
ISI, bio safety and validation.
Unit � V No. of Hours: 7
Biotechnology and hunger: challenges for the Indian biotechnological research and industries.
Bio safety: the Cartagena protocol on bio safety.
Bio safety management: key to the environmentally responsible use of biotechnology, ethical
implications of biotechnology product techniques, social and ethical implications of biological
weapons
MBT � C2: DRUG DESIGN, DISCOVERY AND ITELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
(IPR)
TOTAL HOURS: 40 CREDITS: 3
1. Isolation of antibiotic producing bacteria from soil samples
2. Isolation of drug resistant plasmid from bacteria (E.coli).
3. Isolation of Actinomycetes from soil.
4. Identification of antibacterial activity of actinimycetes.
5. Identification of antibacterial activity of fungi
6. Identification of antagonistic activity of any two fungal species.
7. Assay of any one antibiotic (Penicillin).
8. Determination of MIC of any one antibiotic (penicillin / streptomycin).
9. Study of components and design of a BSL � III laboratory
10. Filing applications for approval from bio safety committee
11. Filing primary applications for patents
12. Study of steps of patenting process
13. A case study of patent.
14. Study of bio safety measures in pharmaceutical industry.
15. Study on QA & QC parameters followed in R&D laboratory.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1.W.B.Hugo & A.D.Russell, Pharmaceutical Microbiology edited, 6thEdition, Black
Well science.
2.Shanson D.C., Microbiology in clinical practice, 2ndedition, London; Wright.
3.T Sammes Ellis Horwood, opicsin Antibiotic chemistryVolItoV.
4.Wulf Crueger, Biotechnology � A text book of Industrial Microbiology, 2nd Edition,
Panima publishers
5. A.H.Patel,1984, Industrial Microbiology, Macmilan India Limited.
6. Coulson C.J., London; Taylor and Francis, Molecular mechanisms of drugaction.
7. DenyesS.P.&Baird R.M.Chichester, Ellis Horwood, Guide to microbiological
Control in Pharmaceuticals.
8. Murray S.Cooper,Quality control in the Pharmaceutical Industry-Edt., Vol-II,
Academic press, NewYork.
9.Sydney H.Willin, Murray M.Tuckerman,William S.Hitchings IV, Good
Manufacturing practices of pharmaceuticals, second Edt., Mercel Dekker NC
Nework.
10.RajeshBhatia,RattanlalIhhpunjani,QualityassuranceinMicrobiology,CBS
Publisher&Distributors,NewDelhi.