AP US HistoryAP US History

Spring 2011Spring 2011

AP US HistoryAP US History

Spring 2011Spring 2011

Introduction• Entire history of U.S. could be

viewed from an expansionist perspective: Seven Years War Treaty of Paris, 1783/Federal Constitution LA Purchase and Jacksonian Democracy Manifest Destiny Spread of Slavery and the Civil War Conquest of Native Americans Post-Civil War Industrial Revolution (ok,

this one is pretty thin!)

Current World Status?

Still Imperialist??

The American View of the World

1. Basic Belief: Stay out of corrupt European affairs: (alliances, wars, etc (Washington)

2. American Isolationism1. Geographic Isolation2. Political Isolation3. Preoccupation at Home

• Interest in Foreign Affairs/Outside WorldLack of Preoccupation at HomeOutlet for Energy and Ambition Need for Markets and Raw MaterialsLarge Number of Immigrants“White Man’s Burden” Modern WeaponsPopularity

The 5 “Ds” of …Expansionism?

DestinyDefenseDollarsDemocracyDeity

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business Interests (Dollars)Interests (Dollars)

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business Interests (Dollars)Interests (Dollars)

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

American Foreign Trade:

1870-1914

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests

Alfred T. Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

Alfred T. Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

D

E

F

E

N

S

E

3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking

The White Man’sBurden

The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy

of RaceThe Hierarchy

of Race

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

American Missionaries

in China, 1905

DEITY

War Was a Turning Point in US History

Prior to 1898: No overseas possessions

After 1898: Control of several Pacific and Caribbean nations

World Power!

Background• With Puerto Rico, Cuba was the

only remaining Spanish colony in the Western Hemisphere

• Economic/Social Problems in Cuba (revolt in 1868)

• 1895 2nd Cuban Revolution (they had so many problems, they revolted twice!)– McKinley Tariff Act– Spanish Policy

American Reaction to the Revolution

$ InvestmentsSympathy US companies

begin to sell arms to Cubans

All results in public demand for intervention

Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba

De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter

Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.

Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as “McKinley as “weak weak and aand abidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty”.party”.

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

Hearst to Frederic Hearst to Frederic Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!

War With Spain• The USS Maine

Battleship sent to Havana to protect American citizens in Cuba as a show of American power to,

The Maine is destroyed by a “mysterious” explosion below the deck

Newspapers report that the Spanish were responsible

The U.S.S. Maine

“Yellow” Journalism

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

US Ultimatum to Spain

1.Cease-Fire2.Armistice to Rebels3.Abolition of

Concentration Camps4.Implied Independence

Spain’s Response

•Spain can’t comply without granting independence, although they agree to armistice

•April 11, 1898: McKinley to Congress

•Teller Amendment

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”The best way to “secure the independence of Cuba” is to…

Attack the Philippines!

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):

“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”

The “Rough Riders”

Theodore Roosevelt Charges Up San Juan Hill

Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo

LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946??July 4, 1946??Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

Dewey Smuggled Him into MANILA

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines

Great Great administratoradministrator

Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”

The Treaty of Paris: 1899The Treaty of Paris: 1899The Treaty of Paris: 1899The Treaty of Paris: 1899

Cuba was freed from Spanish rule, Cuba was freed from Spanish rule, but…but…

Spain gave up Puerto Rico, GuamSpain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam

The U.S. paid SpainThe U.S. paid Spain$20,000,000 for the$20,000,000 for thePhilippines.Philippines.

The U.S. becomesThe U.S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!

Teller Amendment Teller Amendment (1898)(1898)

Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment (1903) (1903)

1.1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would “endanger” its foreign powers that would “endanger” its independence.independence.

2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to maintain a “suitable” from of govt.maintain a “suitable” from of govt.

3.3. U.S. acquires rights to naval base U.S. acquires rights to naval base Guantanamo Guantanamo BayBay as coaling station. as coaling station.

4.4. Cuba cannot borrow $$ without U.S. approval.Cuba cannot borrow $$ without U.S. approval.

Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?

Senator Orville Platt

Senator Orville Platt

Results of the Spanish American War

A fierce debate over the Treaty of 1899 Imperialists:

Racism: White Man’s Burden Competition with Others: they’ll take them if

we don’t Need bases to protect shipping and trade Have the power to do it

–

Results of the War

Anti-ImperialistsRacism: No more “colored people”Unconstitutional: “No where Expressly

granted”Contrary to U.S. Ideals

• Anti-colonial• Self Determination

Treaty Ratified

Senate vote on the Treaty of Paris,1899For (57) Against (27)

Republican 38 Republican 2Democrat 11 Democrat 22Populist 8 Populist 3

Imperialist or Isolationist??

The U.S. as a World Power

U.S. Intervention

The Roosevelt Corollary

• 1906• Dominican

Republic• Extension of

Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt Corollary

• “That’s a live Wire, Gentlemen”

Another View

“Tell Your Troubles to the policeman”

Roosevelt “Takes” Panama

• “at last, a revolution which will help the whole world"