AP WORLD HISTORY

GUIDED READINGS

UNIT 2: 600BCE-600CE

As you read each chapter, answer the core questions within this packet. You should also define vocabulary words listed in the Key Terms packet. When finished with the chapter, go online to the companion website for the textbook The Earth and Its Peoples. Be aware that the chapter numbers are not aligned directly with the numbers in our books, as the online version is a different edition. Furthermore, some of the links for the Internet Exercises in each chapter are broken. Most of the broken links are revised within this packet, so open the PDF of this packet online and access the links that way. You can also usually find the page the book’s website was intending to redirect to through a Google search. All chapters require answering the core questions within this packet as well as the online multiple choice questions. Almost all chapters also require an extension activity to be completed, as indicated following the core questions.

Chapter questions are due by class time on the dates indicated here:

Chapter 4: ____________________________

Chapter 5: ____________________________

Chapter 6: ____________________________

Chapter 7: ____________________________

AP World History Guided Reading: Chapter 4

Persian Empire

1. From whose records does most known information about the Persian Empire come?

a. Greeks b. Romans c. Assyrians

2. What were Persian rulers called? a. Medes b. Achaemednids c. Kurush

3. Who united various Persian tribes around 550BCE? a. Cyrus b. Darius I c. Satrap

4. How did Darius I change the organizational structure of the Persian Empire?

5. Who finished the project at Persepolis? a. Darius I b. Xerxes c. Ahuramazda

6. Describe the principles of Zoroastrianism.

Rise of Greece

7. What seas border Greece? Check all that apply. a. Mediterranean b. Black c. Ionian d. Aegean

8. What adjectives would describe Greece during the Dark Ages?

9. What period began when Phoenician ships began visiting the Aegean, igniting trade opportunities for the Greeks?

a. Archaic b. Iron Age c. Classical

10. How did geography limit the unity of Greek city-states?

11. What was the relationship between hoplite warfare and agriculture?

12. Why did political rights extend to more people in Greece over time?

13. Upon the rejection of tyrants, what two authority styles were prominent in Greece?

14. List a few tenets of Greek religion.

15. Who is recognized as the first historian? a. Xenophanes b. Herodotus c. Pericles

16. What city was located in the Peloponnese?

a. Athens

b. Sparta

c. Acropolis

17. How did a fear of a helot uprising shape the Spartan way

of life?

18. What area did Athens control?

a. Sparta

b. Attica

c. Delian League

19. How was power split among social classes by Solon?

20. How did Pericles move Athens toward democracy?

Persia VS Greece

21. What event changed the relative harmony of Greeks

living in Cyrus’s territory in Lydia?

a. Persian War

b. Ionian Revolt

c. Peloponnesian War

22. What cities did Darius target in the Persian Wars?

23. What alliance formed to resist Persian occupation in

Greece?

a. Hellenistic Kingdom

b. Delian League

c. Hellenic League

24. What alliance formed among Greeks to use naval force to

remove Persians from the eastern Mediterranean?

a. Hellenistic Kingdom

b. Delian League

c. Hellenic League

25. What period began when the Persians were removed

from Greece and Athens emerged as an imperial power?

a. Dark Ages

b. Classical Period

c. Hellenistic Age

26. Why was the Athenian navy more beneficial than the

Spartan hoplite militia?

27. What was the goal of Socrates’ philosophical

conversations?

28. Who was the student of Socrates?

a. Aristotle

b. Plato

c. Herodotus

29. Who was a student of Plato’s academy?

a. Aristotle

b. Socrates

c. Sophocles

30. What future leader was tutored by Aristotle?

a. King Philip II of Macedonia

b. Alexander the Great

c. Xerxes

31. What were the characteristics of slaves in Classical

Greece?

32. Describe the gender roles of men and women in Classical

Greece.

33. What war began in 431BCE and was fought between the

alliance structures of Sparta and Athens?

a. Peloponnesian War

b. Second Persian War

c. Sicilian War

34. What leader forcibly united the Greek city-states?

35. Who was Alexander the Great pursuing in his conquests

around Asia?

36. How did Alexander the Great maintain land conquered in

Persia?

Hellenistic Age

37. All of these were kingdoms broken from Alexander the

Great’s vast empire upon his death, except:

a. Seleucid

b. Ptolemaic

c. Antigonid

d. Alexandrian

38. When did the Hellenistic Age begin?

39. What challenges existed for the Seleucids?

40. Why was the Ptolomies’ rule in Egypt relatively easy

compared to the Seleucids?

41. What two cities did not join a confederation to defend

against the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia?

42. Why did some members of indigenous peoples learn

Greek language and adopt Greek culture in the

Hellenistic states

Core Questions 1. Describe the historical development and the economic basis of the Persian Empire, and discuss the religious and

political justifications for kingship and the mechanisms that the Persians developed for successful administration of their extensive and diverse empire.

2. Describe the geographical, economic, and technological bases and the social structure of Archaic and classical Greek civilization and analyze the causes of the political evolution that led to the polis and democracy.

3. Evaluate the causes and effects of the struggle between Persia and Greece.

4. Analyze the significance and both the short- and long- term influence of Persian and Greek culture in the Mediterranean and western Asian worlds.

Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.

ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 5: Greece & Iran – email to rgorski@hackettstown.org or print your results & bring to class.

Internet Exercises – Chapter 5 – Activity 1:

Jared Diamond offers an explanation as to why civilizations appeared in the Western Hemisphere much later than in the

A major theme in this chapter on Greece and Iran is the development of sustained contact between the Mediterranean

world, the Middle East, and Persia between 1000-30 B.C.E. One way to demonstrate this development is through the use

of Maps. Click on and study the maps at The Hellenistic World after the Breakup of Alexander's Empire, 310 B.C.E.

Explain how these Maps demonstrate the growth of contact and exchanges between the Mediterranean world, the

Middle East, and Persia from 650 B.C.E. to 310 B.C.E.

What developments led to this sustained contact?

For example, what role did trade play in uniting these regions?

What role did military clashes and conquest play?

According to these Maps, who were the dominant political forces in this broad region during this time period?

AP World History Guided Reading: Chapter 5 Rome’s Mediterranean Empire

1. What was the basis of wealth in the early Roman state? a. Agriculture b. Horticulture c. Slave Ownership

2. Who had power in the Republic (507-31BCE)?

3. What attributes of Rome did the Senate bring together?

4. What two social classes combated in the Conflict of Orders?

5. What was the basic unit of Roman society? (Bonus – what other early civilization really focused on the same unit?)

6. How were women treated in Rome?

7. What early civilization’s religion impacted the Roman religion?

a. Greece b. Persia c. Shang China

8. How did Rome expand in the Mediterranean?

9. In what ways were conquered peoples treated differently by Romans than by Greeks?

10. What group did the Romans battle for dominance in the Mediterranean?

a. Persia b. Carthage c. Gaul

11. Why did the vast empire kill the Republic?

12. What leaders led armies that led to bloody civil wars between 88 and 31 BCE? Check all that apply.

a. Sulla b. Pompey c. Augustus d. Julius Caesar e. Mark Antony f. Brutus g. Octavian

13. What period followed the Republic, initiated by Octavian?

14. Why did provincials choose to adopt Latin and Roman cultural habits in Roman territories elsewhere in Europe?

Beginning of Christianity

15. Where was Jesus born? a. Gallilee b. Anatolia c. Rome

16. What Roman governor sentenced Jesus to death? a. Paul b. Pontius Pilate c. Julius Caesar

17. How did Christianity spread among Jews after Jesus perished?

18. What groups were among the first to convert to Christianity?

19. Why were Christians persecuted by Roman officials?

Rome’s Transformation

20. In what century did political, economic, and military problems nearly destroy the Roman Empire?

21. How did Diocletian transform the Roman state?

22. Who reunited the Roman empire under his sole rule in 324?

23. How did Constantine change the religious composition of the Roman Empire?

24. Describe the decline of the Roman Empire. (Not Byzantine Empire)

Imperial China

25. How did the Qin Dynasty fill its need for labor in the military and for building projects?

26. How long did the Han Dynasty govern China?

27. What was the fundamental social unit of Han China?

28. What were the basic values of Chinese society?

29. In what ways did women experience varying levels of subordination to men in society?

30. What ideology was prevalent among scholar-officials?

31. What technological advances gave Han China an advantage in contrast to European civilizations?

32. What religious and philosophical ideologies were practiced in Han China?

33. When did Buddhism arrive in China?

34. Why was Buddhism accepted in China?

35. Why was Buddhism disliked in China?

36. What factors contributed to the fall of Han China?

Core Questions

1. Analyze the causes of the rise, the stability, and the decline of the Roman and Han empires in terms of their

respective geographical locations, natural resources, economic base, administrative structures, and ideological

systems.

2. Describe the political evolution of the Roman state from the Republic to the principate, paying particular attention

to how change was related to the growth of empire and questions of land ownership.

3. Describe the development of Christianity and explain how it became the dominant religion of the Roman Empire.

4. Define the institution of emperorship and the respective roles of the gentry, the small landholders, peasants, and

nomads in the history of Han China.

Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.

ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 6: Rome & Han China – email to rgorski@hackettstown.org or print your results & bring to class.

Internet Exercises – Chapter 6 – Activity 2:

In addition to military concerns, the Romans and Han Chinese also shared many of the same strategies in promoting the authority of the central government. Both political systems gave broad powers to emperors. Each system had many methods of promoting the emperors' authority. Also analyze the image “The Statue of Augustus at Prima Porta," and remember that you can click on the photos for an enlarged view) and Liu Bang: Founder of the Han Dynasty.

According to these sources, how did each empire promote the authority of the emperor?

What theoretical underpinnings upheld his power?

What forms of propaganda did they use to promote the emperor's powers?

What was the emperor expected to do for the empire?

Why were people supposed to submit to his authority?

Through the political office of the emperor, the Romans and Han Chinese were able to centralize the power of their governments. Read the essays at The Emperor Antoninus Pius 138-161 and The Emperor Wu-ti 140-87 B.C.

List examples of how each government gained more power over the territories they controlled during the reigns of these emperors. For example, both rulers made efforts to reform their bureaucracies. How did these efforts help to consolidate their governments' power?

AP World History: Guided Reading Chapter 6 Early Indian Subcontinent

1. What is the most renowned Indian sacred text? a. Rig Veda b. Bhagavad-Gita c. Epic of Gilgamesh

2. What are the major mountain ranges of the Indian subcontinent?

3. What are the major rivers of the Indian subcontinent?

4. What is the period from 1500-500BCE known as? a. The Classical Age b. The Vedic Age c. The Monsoon Season

5. What is the main source of information about early Indian civilization?

6. What groups may have migrated to India in the mid-second millennium BCE?

7. How did iron tools advance civilization?

8. What were the 4 classes people were born into?

9. What was essential to Vedic religion? a. Constructing temples b. Daily prayer c. Sacrifice

New Religions

10. Who was the founder of Jainism?

11. What was the central focus of Jainism?

12. Who founded Buddhism?

13. What are the Four Noble Truths?

14. How did Buddhism evolve over time?

15. What did Vedic religion evolve into?

16. What major changes occurred in the shift to Hinduism?

17. Who are the 3 most prominent Hindu gods?

18. Why did Hinduism “win” over Buddhism in India?

Mauryan Empire

19. Which reason was most important in explaining why political unity in India didn’t last?

a. Varied economic activity dependent on terrain b. Diverse languages & cultures across space c. Complex social hierarchy gave allegiance to the

caste 20. What was the first centralized empire in India?

a. Mauryan b. Gupta c. Moksha

21. How did Ashoka reform or change the Mauryan Empire?

22. Why did the Mauryan Empire collapse?

23. When did the Mauryan Empire collapse? a. 232BCE b. 184BCE c. 50BCE

24. What two texts contain stories that reflect the social conditions and values of the Vedic Age?

Gupta Empire

25. When did the Gupta Empire form?

26. What were some differences between the Gupta and Mauryan Empires?

27. How did the Gupta Empire control its outlying areas?

28. Why did the status of women decrease in the Gupta Empire?

29. What other civilizations experienced similar trends with women?

30. How did religion change from the Mauryan to Gupta Empires?

31. When did the Gupta Empire decline?

32. Why did the Gupta Empire decline?

Southeast Asia

33. What conditions allowed for a large population in Southeast Asia?

34. What empires or religions had heavy influence in Southeast Asia due to trade and pilgrimage routes?

35. Why was Funan able to dominate trade routes from India to China?

Core Questions

1. Discuss the historical forces that led to the complex society of ancient India.

2. Describe the development and distinctive features of Indian religion, as well as the influence of Indian religion on South Asian culture.

3. Summarize the process that led to the creation of the Mauryan and Gupta empires.

4. What was the importance of location, trade, and Indian cultural influence on the rise and fall of Southeast Asian maritime states.

Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.

ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 7: India & Southeast Asia – email to rgorski@hackettstown.org or print your results & bring to class.

Internet Exercises – Chapter 7 – Activity 3:

Despite religious and cultural bonds, the peoples of the Indian subcontinent have rarely shown a tendency towards political unity. The contemporary nation state of India is an exception to this pattern. The Mauryan Empire which dominated much of the subcontinent from 324 to 184 B.C.E. (see the map at The Mauryan Empire, 250 B.C.E.) was another example. This large kingdom was a rough contemporary of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty in China (Chapter 6). Its greatest emperor was Ashoka, who reigned from 269-232 B.C.E.) Your task is to compare Ashoka to Emperor Antonius Pious of Rome and Emperor Wu-ti of the Han Dynasty whom you studied in Activity Three, Chapter 6 "An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China, 753 B.C.E.-330 C.E." Begin by The Emperor Antoninus Pius 138-161 and The Emperor Wu-ti 140-87 B.C. Next read the essay at The Edicts of King Asoka(read the introductory essay and "The Fourteen Rock Edicts" only). Finally, read Book I: Chapter 9, "The Duties of a King" from The Arthashastra.

How did the Mauryan Dynasty view the role of the king?

Was this similar or different from the role of a Roman or Chinese emperor?

What task did Ashoka undertake to promote order and stability in his realm?

How did he promote his authority?

Were these methods similar or different from Antonius Pius or Wu-ti?

What do you think accounts for the similarities in the strategies these three rulers pursued?

After exploring these questions, you should be able to identify broad similarities between the roles of these three leaders and how they pursued these tasks. Analyze what you believe were the sources of these similarities. Were they result of extensive contact among the three empires or because each faced similar circumstances? Use these web links and your textbook for sources to justify your conclusions.

AP World History Guided Reading: Chapter 7

Silk Road

1. What dynasty ruled in Iran from 250BCE-226CE?

2. What were the 2 major factors in the creation of the Silk Road?

3. What crops were introduced to China due to the Silk Road?

4. What crops were introduced to the Romans through the Silk Road?

5. What group was central to the functioning of the Silk Road?

6. How did the Sasanids use the Silk Road to transmit religion?

7. What did the Sasanids and Byzantines have in common?

8. What were the two major pieces of military technology that spread from Central Asia abroad via the Silk Road, changing warfare forever?

Indian Ocean Maritime System

9. What were the 3 distinct regions that were part of the Indian Ocean Maritime System?

10. What impact did the technological differences between Mediterranean and Indian Ocean vessels have on colonization?

11. How was trade in the western Indian Ocean different from the Greeks and Phoenicians in the Mediterranean?

12. What were the major characteristics of families in the Indian Ocean region?

Trans-Saharan Trade

13. What forms did early Saharan cultures take?

14. What items were traded along the first trans-Saharan routes?

15. In what ways did Sub-Saharan groups share culture?

16. How did Bantu languages spread in Africa?

17. What is the relationship between the Bantu migrations and the spread of iron metallurgy?

Spread of Ideas

18. How did coinage appear in early civilizations?

19. What events helped spread Buddhism?

20. How did Christianity spread to Armenia and Ethiopia?

Core Questions

1. Identify the locations and to describe the participants and the major trade goods of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, and the trans-Saharan trade routes.

2. Define the term Africanity and explain the development of Africanity in terms of the Bantu migrations.

3. Analyze the relationship between environment, transportation technology, and trade along the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan trade routes. 4. Discuss the causes and the patterns of the spread of Buddhism and Christianity.

Extensions: Complete these two activities online with the Student Companion for The Earth and Its Peoples.

ACE Practice Tests – Chapter 8 – email to rgorski@hackettstown.org or print your results & bring to class