TITLE 6

Running head description is flush left and in all caps. This may be a shortened form of the title. ODU has opted not to use the words running head. Margins are 1 inch all the way around

Header is 1 inch from top margin or at default for Word

Center and begin approximately 4 inches from top edge of paper

Title Here in FullStudent NameStudent UIN #Site (if appropriate)

Center and begin approximately 8 inches from the top edge of the paper. ODU single spaces this text

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in the courseCourse #: Course TitleOld Dominion UniversityNORFOLK, VIRGINIASemester, Year

Title Here in Full[Since the introduction is clearly identified by its position in the paper, there is no heading called introduction even though a section in the grading rubric lists it as part of the requirements.] The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of APA format. The School of Nursing at Old Dominion University requires that all written assignments be completed using current edition of APA format. The information that follows is taken from the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010).Typing InstructionsThe typist must double space between all lines and leave uniform margins of at least one inch on all sides, including top and bottom. Do not justify lines so that the spacing is always equal on the left and right margins and word. The right margin should look ragged. Achieve double spacing by using the line spacing setting in your word processing software. To change the amount of line space between paragraphs in Microsoft Word, 2007, the typist must select the text in the document and then select the page layout tab and from the paragraph gallery. The typist should set the "Before" and "After" spacing. In Word 2007, the "After" spacing is set to 10 point by default. To remove the added spacing, the typist must set both the "Before" and "After" spacing to 0 point.Font size should be size 12, and the font face needs to be legible, preferably Times New Roman, a serif typeface. The running head is typed flush left without the wording running head and the Arabic page number is to be typed flush right. The running head is an abbreviated title with a maximum of 50 characters. Never use your name in the running head. The running head and the page number should be placed in the paper using the Headers and Footers on the insert toolbar. This always keeps the running head and page number in the correct position in the paper. The font for both should match the font in the body of the paper. When writing the paper, indent the first line of every paragraph five to seven spaces (use the pre-set tab key). Paragraphs should contain more than two sentences, but should not be longer than one page. Remember when writing your paper that articles and research are inanimate objects therefore they cannot state or show anything. Spacing twice after the punctuation at the end of each sentence is recommended. It is recommended that the student use the spell and grammar checks available on most computers. The instructor can see the red and green lines that automatically show in word process software. The rule of thumb for numbers is to use words to express numbers less than 10 and any number that starts a sentence or heading. Arabic numerals are used for numbers 10 and larger. APA suggests guidelines to reduce language bias in writing. See Appendix.HeadingsHeadings outline the importance of each section and allow the writer to organize the manuscript so that it is easily readable. Students who use headings find that they are less likely to omit sections in the paper. Use the following 3-level format for titles and headings.

Note: only the first letter is capitalizedCentered, Boldface, Upper and Lower CaseFlush Left, Boldface, Upper and Lower CaseIndented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading that ends with a period.In the School of Nursing there are usually only three levels of headings that are used. Please refer to the APA Manual if additional heading levels are required. It is recommended that the headings chosen by the student match the headings on the evaluation form/grading rubric for the assignment.Referencing Citations in TextReferencing is utilized for paraphrased ideas that are taken from an author. The use of page numbers is not required when paraphrasing information. If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative, use the following format. Martin (2009) notes the correct way to use APA format. Otherwise, separate the authors name and the year with a comma and place in parenthesis at the end of the sentence (Wiles, 2009). It is not necessary to reference each sentence. If all of the information contained in one paragraph comes from the same source, a reference at the beginning or end of the paragraph is sufficient. Additionally, when using APA the reference should always be made to the author(s) rather than the source where the information is found (i.e. journal title).When there are two authors use both names (surnames only) separated by & and followed by a comma and the year in all paragraphs where the work is cited (Wiles & Van Orden, 2009). When there are three to five authors, cite all names and the year the first time. In second and subsequent references in the same paragraph cite the name of the first author followed by et al. and the year and in any following paragraphs for the first citation of each paragraph use the surname of the first author et al. and the year in parenthesis. For six or more authors, cite only the name of the first author, followed by et al. and the year in parenthesis. Chapter 6 in the 6th edition of the APA manual has a table which demonstrates basic citation rules on page 177.Using QuotationsQuotations are to be used for any material taken verbatim from an author's work and must be accurate. Include a quotation of less than 40 words in the text. Surround the verbatim portion in quotation marks. Include the authors name, year of publication, and page from which the quotation was taken. For example: "The emergency department can be a stressful environment for patients, families, and care providers" (Wiles, 2009, p. 1).Quotations of greater than 40 words are cited differently. The material is placed in a free-standing block and the quotation marks are omitted. Begin the quotation on a new line and start in the same position as beginning a new paragraph. All lines within the quote are to begin in the same position and be double-paced. At the end of the quote the author(s), year, and page number are cited. An example follows.The emergency department can be a stressful environment for patients, families, and care providers. It is often difficult for new graduates to adjust to emergency nursing unless they have had previous experience in the setting. To ensure a smooth transition, a preceptor experience is recommended for newly graduated nurses (Wiles, 2001, p.1).Often electronic sources do not have page numbers available. In this case, the reader should be directed to the location and paragraph number of the material that has been quoted, for example, (Wiles, Analysis of Method, 1). The paragraph symbol can be found by clicking on the symbols section under insert on the toolbar.Title PageThe ODU SON has adopted a title page based on APA format. The title page should include four components. The running head in the upper left hand corner (1 from the top of the page) and the page number in the upper right hand corner. The running head is an abbreviated version of the title. The name of the manuscript should be centered horizontally in the page with the authors name, student ID number and site centered below the title. Centered approximately eight inches from the top of the paper, describe the course for which the paper is being submitted. Please refer to the title page of this manuscript.Reference ListThe reference list must contain all sources cited in the body of the paper. Likewise, all sources cited on the reference list should be addressed within the paper. Center the typed word References at the top of a new page. Use the insert, page break function in the word processing software. Double space all entries. Alphabetize names on the reference page by the surname of the first author. APA utilizes a hanging indent format. The first line of the entry should be flush left and all subsequent lines should be indented 5 spaces. For article and book names, only capitalize the first word of the title and the first word after a punctuation mark, unless there is a proper noun. Capitalize the first letter of all words except prepositions in the name of the journal. References are documented differently, based on the type of source. For journals use the following format:Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume, page. doi: alphanumeric string The above reference is for journals which continue the page numbers from the preceding issue of the volume. If each journal issue begins with page one then the issue number is needed in parenthesis next to the volume number. The volume is italicized, but the issue number is not. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume, (issue), page. doi: alphanumeric stringFor books use the following format:Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of the book. Location: Publisher.For electronic references, provide the name and doi of the source. If there is no doi, then provide the URL for the home page of the journal or the URL that leads directly to the source. Because of the length of the doi alphanumeric string, it is best to copy and paste it into your reference page. The following example gives the reference for a journal article. The proper format for citing web pages and other types of web based references can be found in the APA manual in Chapters 6 and 7 as well as on the official APA manual web site at http://apastyle.org/index.aspx.Author, A. A. (date). Title of article. Name of Periodical , vol., pages. Doi or Retrieved from .. Please refer to the APA Manual for a more comprehensive list. Chapters 6 and 7 give a detailed explanations of all parts of the reference followed by examples. Please see the accompanying reference page for an example of the format for creating a reference page.AppendicesThe use of an appendix is sometimes necessary. Do not include an appendix unless you refer to it in your paper. If your paper has only one appendix, then it should be labeled simply as Appendix. If you have more than one, then label them as Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. in order as mentioned in the text. Be sure each appendix has its own title. If you have an appendix, it should appear after the reference page on a separate page. Simply type the title (i.e., Appendix A) centered at the top of the page. Note that the entire word is not capitalized. Then double space, type the title of the appendix centered in upper and lower case letters. No cover sheet is necessary for appendixes. Honor Code StatementThe School of Nursing requires an Honor Code statement with each assignment. This statement should be part of your paper, but typed on a separate sheet. It is best done by typing it after your reference page and appendices (if done) are completed. If you are turning in a hard copy, be sure to sign it. If you are turning in an electronic copy, then be sure your name is included. Do not turn in a blank, unsigned honor code statement. Some instructors will not accept papers without honor code statements!ConclusionIt is the writer's intention that this reference supplement the APA Manual, not take the place of it. Bear in mind that plagiarism is a violation of the Honor Code at ODU and that ignorance is not an excuse! The conclusion would include a summary of your paper.

One example of a reference to an online journal that has a URL. ReferencesGreene, E. D. (2002). Excellent research techniques. Trends in Nursing Research, 8, 573-585. Retrieved from http://abcd.confex.com/excellresear/paper_1234.htm

One example of a reference to an online journal that has a doi. Smith, J., & Jones, A. (2008). How to write a paper. Journal of Nursing, 90(2), 30-35. doi: 10. 1037/0278-6133.24.2.226

One example of a reference to a booknote that the book title is typed in lower case lettersYaris, K., & Scheurich, B. (2010). The joy of nursing research (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

For a periodical (journal) title, see Chapters 6 and 7 for tips and examples: Note that the title of the journal is in uppercase and lowercase letters, but the title of the article is not. The journals title AND volume number should be in italics, but if there is an issue number (within parentheses) the issue number is not in italics. See example below. The "93" is the volume number and is in italics; the "3" is the issue number and is not in italics, but is within ( ). Do not use pp for page numbers. No retrieval date is needed

AppendixGuidelines to Reduce BiasChapter 3 of the APA Manual 6th edition contains a list of gender biases to be avoided in professional writing. This list includes, but is not limited to the following topics: sexual orientation; race and ethnic identity; disabilities; age; and gender. Refer to pages 71-76 to learn how to avoid using bias in your writing.