apah review part ii. mannerism madonna with the long neck by parmigianino, 1535 small oval head,...
TRANSCRIPT
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APAH REVIEWPART II
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Mannerism
• •Madonna With the Long Neck
•by Parmigianino, 1535
•Small oval head, long slender neck, long fingers
•Exaggeration
•Consciously ambiguous form and content
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Late Gothic
•Arnolfini Wedding
•by Jan Van Eyck
•1434
•Almost every object portrayed sanctity
•Symbolism
•Record to sanctify marriage
•Dog: Fidelity, Shoe: Holy Ground
•Candle= Jesus
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Northern Renaissance
•Adam and Eve•by Albrecht Durer, 1504
•Printmaking, engraving
•Human proportions based on Greek sculpture
•Detailed flora, fauna
•Northern symbolism
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Baroque in Italy
•Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio
•1600
•Conversion of Levi
•Jesus’s hand like Michelangelo’s Adam
•Piercing ray of light = Divine
•Chiaroscuro
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Baroque in Spain
•Las Meninas by Velázquez
•1656
•Artist in studio
•Optical & narrative complexity
•Represented form and shadow
•Tonal graduations: dark to light
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Baroque in Flanders/Holland
•The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn
•1632 •Evenly placed subjects
•Corpse: Diagonally placed and foreshortened
•Student poses and expressions show personality
•Use of light
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Baroque in France/England
•Burial of Phocion
•by Poussin, 1648
•Athenian general burial
•Light: Even and revealing
•Landscape is nature subordinated to a rational plan
•Skies untroubled
•Noble classicism
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Rococo
•Return from Cythera
•Watteau, 1719 •Fete galante•Feathery brushstrokes•Rubiniste color•Exquisite shades of color•Young lovers, island of eternal youth
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Rococo•The Swing by Frangonard
•1766
•Characteristics:
•“Intrigue” picture
•Landscape setting is out of Watteau
•Glowing pastel colors and soft light
•Convey the scene’s sensuality
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Later China
•Stalks of Bamboo by a Rock
•Wu Zhen, 1347
•Ink on paper, handscroll
•Style= literati
•plants differentiated
•Abstract patterns in stalks, leaves
•Calligraphic beauty of the strokes combined with calligraphy writing
•Bamboo=symbol of gentleman
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Later Japan
•Katsura Imperial Villa
•Kyoto, Japan, c.1650
•Edo period
•Relies on subtleties of proportion, colors, & textures
•Achieves harmony with nature & garden
•Rooms have sliding doorsInterior
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Later Japan
•Cuckoo Flying Over New Verdure by Yosa Busan
•Late 18th Century
•Characteristics:
•Fully Mature Style
•Chinese and Japanese literati style by rounding the landscape forms
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Later Oceania
•Bisj Poles
•Early to Mid 20th Century
•Characteristics:
•Served as a pledge to avenge a relative’s death
•Head-hunting raid
•Decorated with figures of individuals who have already died
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Later North America
•Katsina Figurine by Otto Pentewa
•1959, Hopi Indians
•Supernatural spirits
•Rain bringing deity who wears a mask painted in geometric patterns symbolic of water and agriculture fertility
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Later Mesoamerica
•Illuminated page from Borgia Codex
•1400-1500
•Characteristics:
•Two vividly gesticulating gods
•Ritual subjects
•God of life = black Quetzalcoatl
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Later South America
•Machu Picchu•15th Century
•One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights•Inka people= great architects•Fits into landscape•Large cut stones, terraced hillside
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Later Africa
•Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary Guardian Figure
•19th Century or Early 20th Century
•Characteristic:
•Severely stylized body said to have repelled evil
•Heads simplified
•Geometric ridges borders
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Later Africa
•Seated Couple
•Dogon people, Mali, Africa
•C.1825, wood, 2.5 ft h.
•Shrine or altar
•Gender roles prominent
•Hunter & child bearer
•Sexual body parts prominent
•Conceptual image, abstract
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Neoclassicism
•Oath of the Horatii by David -1784
•Conflicts between heart and patriotism
•Men= crisp edges, light & shadow
•Women= softer
•Classical motifs, e.g perspective, arches
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Romanticism (Spanish)
•The Third of May 1808 by Goya
•1808
•Use of light to highlight martyred Spanish rebel
•French troops
•Dark sky & church
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Romanticism (French)
•Actual historical, tragic event•2 triangles, despair and hope•Emotionally charged•Strong lighting and diagonals•Gericault and abolitionist –anti-slavery
• Raft of the Medusa by Gericault
•1818-1819
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Realism
• The Stonebreakers
• 1849• Gustave Courbet• Social commentary• Somber colors, use of
lines• Subject= real life• Workers with dignity
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Realism/Pre Impressionism
•Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe Luncheon on the Grass
•by Manet, 1863
•Identifiable persons
•Broadly painted the landscape-painterly
•Soft focus, strong contrasts, flattened
•Allusions to previous works/artists, e.g.Giorgione
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ImpressionismMoulin de la Galette1876 by Renoir
•Subject= urban leisure
•Informal composition, not centered
•Dappled sunlight
•effects of colors
•Soft brushwork
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Post Impressionism
•Starry Night
•by Van Gough, 1889
•Used color to express himself
•Communicated the vastness of the universe
•With the turbulent brush strokes, the color suggests a quiet but persuasive depiction
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Post-Impressionism
• Mt Sainte-Victoire• By Cezanne, 1904• Made Impressionism
“durable”
• Order presentation of lines,
• planes, & colors
• Equally stressed bkgrnd & foregrnd
• Juxtaposed colors
• Clearly defined planes
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Symbolism
•The Cry (Scream) by Munch
•1893
•Emotionally powerful
•alienation
•Departs significantly from a visual reality
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Art Nouveau
•Casa Milá •by Gaudi, 1907
•Architecture as sculpture•Free-form, organic mass
•Expressionistic
•Undulating lines
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Fauvism
•Red Room by Matisse
•1908-1909
•Everyday scene= genre scene
•Color = Warmth
•Colors contrast richly and intensely
•Depicts objects in simplified and schematized fashion and flattening out form – no depth
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German Expressionism
•Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments
•Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish/tragedy
•Member of Die Blaue Reiter
•Like Analytical Cubism
• Fate of the Animals
•by Marc
•1913
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Futurism
•Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
•by Boccioni, 1913
•Formal and spatial effects on motion
•Forms integrated w surrounding space
•Nude, powerful, velocity
•Response to Cubism
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Suprematism
• Suprematist Composition:• Airplane Flying• By Malevich, 1915• Simple rectangular forms • Pure idealism of forms• Wanted to free art from
burdens of the object• Russian movement
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Constructivism
• Monument to 3rd International
• By Tatlin, 1920• Honors 1917 Russian Revo• Abstract art=new society• Iron, glass model• Axis pointed to star Polaris• 3 rotating chambers, ea w/
different purpose & rotation
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Precisionism
•My Egypt
•by Charles Demuth
•1927
•Grain elevators reduced to simple geometric forms
•American pyramids?
•Fragmented using Cubism vocabulary
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Dadaism•Fountain
•By Marcel Duchamp
•Orig= 1917
•Readymade (urinal)
•Anti-art statement
•“R. Mutt” =Pseudonym
•Changes context of art and challenges viewers
•Intellectual art
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Analytic Cubism
• Ma Jolie, 1912• By Pablo Picasso• “My Pretty One”• Shifting browns, grays• Shatters objects into
parts/facets• Rearranged elements• Included letters, words• Co-founded with
Georges Braque
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Synthetic Cubism•Still Life With Chair- Caning by Picasso
•1912
•Chair seems real
•Painted and abstract areas don’t refer to tangible objects of the real world
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INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE
• Villa Savoye• By Le Corbusier, France,
1929• “Machine for living”• Boxlike abstract forms of a
house• Lifted off ground by pilotis• 3 floors all related• Machined smooth panels
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Organic Architecture
• Robie House• By Frank Lloyd Wright• 1909, Chicago• Emphasis= horizontality• Low roof lines• Japanese aesthetic
influence• Cantilever construction• Free flowing interior spaces
Falling Water, 1939
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Surrealism•The Persistence of Memory
•by Dali, 1931
•Allegory of empty space/time
•Vast land, beach
•Attempt to make it convincingly real
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American Regionalism
•Nighthawks By Edward Hopper, 1907
•Depression era
•Motion stopped, time suspended
•Evokes loneliness of modern man
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Abstract Expressionism
•No. 1
•Lavender Mist
•By Jackson Pollock
•1950
•Splattered, dripped
•Action painting
•All-over painting
• Connects to Surrealism
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•Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko, 1961
•Spiritual portal
•Interested in the relation between one color and another
•No evidence of brushstrokes
•Stained canvas
Color Field Painting
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OP Art
•Three Flags by Jasper Johns
•1958
•Characteristics:
•One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism by returning recognizable imagery to art
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Pop Art
Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, 1962Celebrities as commoditiesGarish colors, flat application of paintRight side evokes film stripsSilkscreening
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Photorealism
•Big Self Portrait
•By Chuck Close, 1968
•Superrealism
•Based on photographs
•Real, nonflattering
•Methodical, grid approach
•Not interested in providing insight, just visual accuracy
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Neo Expressionism
•The Walk Home•By Julian Schnabel, 1985•Mixed media, reaction against conceptual art•Story of king ambushed on “walk home”•Explores gestural abstraction
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Post Modernism/Feminist Art•The Dinner Party
• by Judy Chicago, 1979
•A feminist Last Supper
•Intended to interest worship of the female
•Triangle symbolizes woman/goddess
•Invited: Georgia O’Keefe, Virginia Wolfe, Sacagawea, Susan B. Anthony
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Earth Art
• Spiral Jetty• By Smithson, 1970• Great Salt Lake• Coil of black basalt,
rocks, earth• Echoes spiral forms • of microbes in lake• Enduring power of
nature
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Postmodern Architecture
Portland Building
By Michael Graves, 1980
Block mass with decorated facades
Surface ornament & color have returned to architecture
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Deconstructive Architecture
• Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain• By Frank Gehry, 1997• Fragmentation, dislocation• Manipulating surfaces to distort forms• Unpredictable, chaotic