apah review part ii. mannerism madonna with the long neck by parmigianino, 1535 small oval head,...
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APAH REVIEWPART II
Mannerism
• •Madonna With the Long Neck
•by Parmigianino, 1535
•Small oval head, long slender neck, long fingers
•Exaggeration
•Consciously ambiguous form and content
Late Gothic
•Arnolfini Wedding
•by Jan Van Eyck
•1434
•Almost every object portrayed sanctity
•Symbolism
•Record to sanctify marriage
•Dog: Fidelity, Shoe: Holy Ground
•Candle= Jesus
Northern Renaissance
•Adam and Eve•by Albrecht Durer, 1504
•Printmaking, engraving
•Human proportions based on Greek sculpture
•Detailed flora, fauna
•Northern symbolism
Baroque in Italy
•Calling of Saint Matthew by Caravaggio
•1600
•Conversion of Levi
•Jesus’s hand like Michelangelo’s Adam
•Piercing ray of light = Divine
•Chiaroscuro
Baroque in Spain
•Las Meninas by Velázquez
•1656
•Artist in studio
•Optical & narrative complexity
•Represented form and shadow
•Tonal graduations: dark to light
Baroque in Flanders/Holland
•The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp by Rembrandt Van Rijn
•1632 •Evenly placed subjects
•Corpse: Diagonally placed and foreshortened
•Student poses and expressions show personality
•Use of light
Baroque in France/England
•Burial of Phocion
•by Poussin, 1648
•Athenian general burial
•Light: Even and revealing
•Landscape is nature subordinated to a rational plan
•Skies untroubled
•Noble classicism
Rococo
•Return from Cythera
•Watteau, 1719 •Fete galante•Feathery brushstrokes•Rubiniste color•Exquisite shades of color•Young lovers, island of eternal youth
Rococo•The Swing by Frangonard
•1766
•Characteristics:
•“Intrigue” picture
•Landscape setting is out of Watteau
•Glowing pastel colors and soft light
•Convey the scene’s sensuality
Later China
•Stalks of Bamboo by a Rock
•Wu Zhen, 1347
•Ink on paper, handscroll
•Style= literati
•plants differentiated
•Abstract patterns in stalks, leaves
•Calligraphic beauty of the strokes combined with calligraphy writing
•Bamboo=symbol of gentleman
Later Japan
•Katsura Imperial Villa
•Kyoto, Japan, c.1650
•Edo period
•Relies on subtleties of proportion, colors, & textures
•Achieves harmony with nature & garden
•Rooms have sliding doorsInterior
Later Japan
•Cuckoo Flying Over New Verdure by Yosa Busan
•Late 18th Century
•Characteristics:
•Fully Mature Style
•Chinese and Japanese literati style by rounding the landscape forms
Later Oceania
•Bisj Poles
•Early to Mid 20th Century
•Characteristics:
•Served as a pledge to avenge a relative’s death
•Head-hunting raid
•Decorated with figures of individuals who have already died
Later North America
•Katsina Figurine by Otto Pentewa
•1959, Hopi Indians
•Supernatural spirits
•Rain bringing deity who wears a mask painted in geometric patterns symbolic of water and agriculture fertility
Later Mesoamerica
•Illuminated page from Borgia Codex
•1400-1500
•Characteristics:
•Two vividly gesticulating gods
•Ritual subjects
•God of life = black Quetzalcoatl
Later South America
•Machu Picchu•15th Century
•One of the world’s most awe-inspiring sights•Inka people= great architects•Fits into landscape•Large cut stones, terraced hillside
Later Africa
•Mbulu-nbulu Reliquary Guardian Figure
•19th Century or Early 20th Century
•Characteristic:
•Severely stylized body said to have repelled evil
•Heads simplified
•Geometric ridges borders
Later Africa
•Seated Couple
•Dogon people, Mali, Africa
•C.1825, wood, 2.5 ft h.
•Shrine or altar
•Gender roles prominent
•Hunter & child bearer
•Sexual body parts prominent
•Conceptual image, abstract
Neoclassicism
•Oath of the Horatii by David -1784
•Conflicts between heart and patriotism
•Men= crisp edges, light & shadow
•Women= softer
•Classical motifs, e.g perspective, arches
Romanticism (Spanish)
•The Third of May 1808 by Goya
•1808
•Use of light to highlight martyred Spanish rebel
•French troops
•Dark sky & church
Romanticism (French)
•Actual historical, tragic event•2 triangles, despair and hope•Emotionally charged•Strong lighting and diagonals•Gericault and abolitionist –anti-slavery
• Raft of the Medusa by Gericault
•1818-1819
Realism
• The Stonebreakers
• 1849• Gustave Courbet• Social commentary• Somber colors, use of
lines• Subject= real life• Workers with dignity
Realism/Pre Impressionism
•Le Dejeuner Sur L’Herbe Luncheon on the Grass
•by Manet, 1863
•Identifiable persons
•Broadly painted the landscape-painterly
•Soft focus, strong contrasts, flattened
•Allusions to previous works/artists, e.g.Giorgione
ImpressionismMoulin de la Galette1876 by Renoir
•Subject= urban leisure
•Informal composition, not centered
•Dappled sunlight
•effects of colors
•Soft brushwork
Post Impressionism
•Starry Night
•by Van Gough, 1889
•Used color to express himself
•Communicated the vastness of the universe
•With the turbulent brush strokes, the color suggests a quiet but persuasive depiction
Post-Impressionism
• Mt Sainte-Victoire• By Cezanne, 1904• Made Impressionism
“durable”
• Order presentation of lines,
• planes, & colors
• Equally stressed bkgrnd & foregrnd
• Juxtaposed colors
• Clearly defined planes
Symbolism
•The Cry (Scream) by Munch
•1893
•Emotionally powerful
•alienation
•Departs significantly from a visual reality
Art Nouveau
•Casa Milá •by Gaudi, 1907
•Architecture as sculpture•Free-form, organic mass
•Expressionistic
•Undulating lines
Fauvism
•Red Room by Matisse
•1908-1909
•Everyday scene= genre scene
•Color = Warmth
•Colors contrast richly and intensely
•Depicts objects in simplified and schematized fashion and flattening out form – no depth
German Expressionism
•Entire scene is distorted- Shattered into fragments
•Colors of severity and brutality of war’s anguish/tragedy
•Member of Die Blaue Reiter
•Like Analytical Cubism
• Fate of the Animals
•by Marc
•1913
Futurism
•Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
•by Boccioni, 1913
•Formal and spatial effects on motion
•Forms integrated w surrounding space
•Nude, powerful, velocity
•Response to Cubism
Suprematism
• Suprematist Composition:• Airplane Flying• By Malevich, 1915• Simple rectangular forms • Pure idealism of forms• Wanted to free art from
burdens of the object• Russian movement
Constructivism
• Monument to 3rd International
• By Tatlin, 1920• Honors 1917 Russian Revo• Abstract art=new society• Iron, glass model• Axis pointed to star Polaris• 3 rotating chambers, ea w/
different purpose & rotation
Precisionism
•My Egypt
•by Charles Demuth
•1927
•Grain elevators reduced to simple geometric forms
•American pyramids?
•Fragmented using Cubism vocabulary
Dadaism•Fountain
•By Marcel Duchamp
•Orig= 1917
•Readymade (urinal)
•Anti-art statement
•“R. Mutt” =Pseudonym
•Changes context of art and challenges viewers
•Intellectual art
Analytic Cubism
• Ma Jolie, 1912• By Pablo Picasso• “My Pretty One”• Shifting browns, grays• Shatters objects into
parts/facets• Rearranged elements• Included letters, words• Co-founded with
Georges Braque
Synthetic Cubism•Still Life With Chair- Caning by Picasso
•1912
•Chair seems real
•Painted and abstract areas don’t refer to tangible objects of the real world
INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE
• Villa Savoye• By Le Corbusier, France,
1929• “Machine for living”• Boxlike abstract forms of a
house• Lifted off ground by pilotis• 3 floors all related• Machined smooth panels
Organic Architecture
• Robie House• By Frank Lloyd Wright• 1909, Chicago• Emphasis= horizontality• Low roof lines• Japanese aesthetic
influence• Cantilever construction• Free flowing interior spaces
Falling Water, 1939
Surrealism•The Persistence of Memory
•by Dali, 1931
•Allegory of empty space/time
•Vast land, beach
•Attempt to make it convincingly real
American Regionalism
•Nighthawks By Edward Hopper, 1907
•Depression era
•Motion stopped, time suspended
•Evokes loneliness of modern man
Abstract Expressionism
•No. 1
•Lavender Mist
•By Jackson Pollock
•1950
•Splattered, dripped
•Action painting
•All-over painting
• Connects to Surrealism
•Blue, Orange, and Red by Rothko, 1961
•Spiritual portal
•Interested in the relation between one color and another
•No evidence of brushstrokes
•Stained canvas
Color Field Painting
OP Art
•Three Flags by Jasper Johns
•1958
•Characteristics:
•One of the first to rebel against abstract Expressionism by returning recognizable imagery to art
Pop Art
Marilyn Diptych by Andy Warhol, 1962Celebrities as commoditiesGarish colors, flat application of paintRight side evokes film stripsSilkscreening
Photorealism
•Big Self Portrait
•By Chuck Close, 1968
•Superrealism
•Based on photographs
•Real, nonflattering
•Methodical, grid approach
•Not interested in providing insight, just visual accuracy
Neo Expressionism
•The Walk Home•By Julian Schnabel, 1985•Mixed media, reaction against conceptual art•Story of king ambushed on “walk home”•Explores gestural abstraction
Post Modernism/Feminist Art•The Dinner Party
• by Judy Chicago, 1979
•A feminist Last Supper
•Intended to interest worship of the female
•Triangle symbolizes woman/goddess
•Invited: Georgia O’Keefe, Virginia Wolfe, Sacagawea, Susan B. Anthony
Earth Art
• Spiral Jetty• By Smithson, 1970• Great Salt Lake• Coil of black basalt,
rocks, earth• Echoes spiral forms • of microbes in lake• Enduring power of
nature
Postmodern Architecture
Portland Building
By Michael Graves, 1980
Block mass with decorated facades
Surface ornament & color have returned to architecture
Deconstructive Architecture
• Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain• By Frank Gehry, 1997• Fragmentation, dislocation• Manipulating surfaces to distort forms• Unpredictable, chaotic