apec in charts 2015 - university of mississippi apec in the global economy, 2014 share of global gdp...

APEC in Charts 2015Policy Support Unit

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989. The 21 Member Economies are Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; Russia; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; United States; and Viet Nam.

The APEC Policy Support Unit (PSU) was established in 2008 as the policy research and analysis arm for APEC. It supports APEC members and fora in improving the quality of their deliberations and decisions and promoting policies that support the achievement of APEC’s goals by providing objective and high quality research, analytical capacity and policy support capability.

APEC in Charts was launched by the APEC Policy Support Unit in 2013 to provide a graphical overview of the APEC region’s economic, trade, investment and policy-related performance. If you have any feedback, please write to us at email: [email protected].

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Table of ContentsAPEC in the Global Economy, 2014 3

APEC Macroeconomic Indicators 1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014 4

1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014 5

1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth 6 (year-on-year percent change), 2000 - 2014

1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 7 2013-2014

1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014 8

1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014 9

1.7 Stock Market Performance in APEC 10 (index points, 1 January 2014 = 100), 1 January 2014 - 30 September 2015

APEC Trade Indicators 2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000 - 2014 11

2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC 12 (annual percent change), 2000 - 2014

2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014 13

2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value 14 (percent share), 2014

2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value 15 (percent share), 2014

2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value 16 (percent share), 2014

APEC Trade Liberalization 3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006 - 2013 17

3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free 18 (percent share), 2006 - 2013

3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), 19 pre-1994-2014

3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners 20 (percent), 2014

3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008 - 2013 21 APEC Investment Indicators 4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, 22

share in percent), 2000 - 2014

4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014 23

4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014 - 2015 24 APEC Structural Indicators 5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010 - 2014 25

5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014 26

5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s 27 (scale 0 - 100), 2008 - 2014

5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005 - 2014 28

5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015 29 Data Notes 30

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APEC in the Global Economy, 2014

Share ofGlobal GDP

Share ofTotal World

Trade

Nominal GDP of the APEC region stood at USD 44 trillion in 2014, accounting for 57% of global GDP.

In 2014, the value of APEC members’ total exports and imports reached USD 18.5 trillion, equivalent to 49% of total world trade.

Share ofGlobal

Population

Rest of World 61%

Rest of World 42%

Rest of World 51%

PRC 19%

PRC 14%

PRC 11%

USA 4%

USA 23%

USA 11%

JPN 2% JPN 4%JPN 6%

INA 3% ROK 3%RUS 2% HKC 3%

Rest of APEC

9%

Rest of APEC 15%

Rest of APEC 17%

An estimated 2.8 billion people lived in the APEC region in 2014, accounting for 39% of the world’s population.

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APEC Macroeconomic Indicators1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014

There is a wide variation in the nominal GDP per capita in the region, which ranged from USD 2,000 to USD 62,000 in 2014, indicating the diversity of APEC economies in terms of economic development.

below USD 4,999USD 5,000 - USD 9,999USD 10,000 - USD 29,999USD 30,000 - USD 49,999above USD 50,000

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1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014

APEC Macroeconomic Indicators

The APEC region posted a real GDP growth of 3.2% in 2014, higher than the world GDP growth of 2.5% during the year. Uncertainties surrounding the path of oil prices, moderation of growth in China, and the timing of monetary normalization in the United States combined with domestic factors such as lower household spending resulted in diverging growth paths among members.

World APEC

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APEC Macroeconomic Indicators1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2000 - 2014

In 2014, the real GDP (in 2005 USD) per person in the APEC region grew by 4.3%, compared with 3.4% growth in the rest of the world. The APEC region has consistently outpaced the rest of the world in terms of real GDP per capita growth in 2000-2014.

APEC Rest of World

20000

4

2

6

9

1

5

8

3

7

10%

20082004 20122002 20102006 20142001 20092005 20132003 20112007

7

1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 2013 - 2014


Inflation rates across the APEC region increased from an average of 2.8% in 2013 to 3.1% in 2014. Accommodative financial conditions from relatively low policy interest rates and quantitative easing combined with strong credit growth contributed to higher inflation levels in 2014.

2013 2014 2013 APEC average 2014 APEC average

4

2

6

9

1

0

-1

5

8

3

7

%

8

APEC Macroeconomic Indicators1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014

The total labor force participation rate in the APEC region in 2014 averaged 66%, lower than the 69% recorded a year ago. The decline may be attributed to the structural shifts in the labor market, particularly an aging workforce as well as slack demand as global economic activity proceeds at a slower pace. The female labor force participation rate averaged 56%, at par with the world rate of 55%, while the male participation rate at 75% is lower than the world rate of 81%.

Male Female Total

40

20

60

90

10

0

50

80

30

70

%

9

1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014


GDP per person employed, an indicator of labor productivity, averaged $39,578 across the APEC region in 2014, which represented a 3.3% increase from 2013. Based on this indicator, productivity increased in all APEC economies in 2014.

GDP per person employed (in 2014 EKS dollars)

APEC average

0 0%

20,000 20%

80,00080%

40,00040%

100,000

100%

60,00060%

120,000

120%140,000

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APEC Macroeconomic Indicators1.7 Stock Market Performance in APEC (index points, 1 January 2014 = 100), 1 January 2014 - 30 September 2015

Stock markets in APEC economies experienced more volatility in 2015 compared with 2014. In 2015, the average coefficient of variation—which measures an index’s standard deviation relative to the mean—for APEC stock markets reached 6.1% from 5.1% in 2014. Moreover, stock market performance has diverged since 2014. As of 30 September 2015, three stock markets posted indices that were at least 10% higher than their 1 January 2014 levels, while six stock markets registered indices that were at least 10% lower during the same comparable period.

0

50

100

200

150

250

300 AUS

JPN

CHL

MAS

HKC

NZ

RUS

USA

CDA

ROK

PRC

MEX

PH

INA

PE

SIN

VN

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2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000 - 2014

APEC Trade Indicators

Total APEC exports Total APEC importsIntra-regional exports Intra-regional imports

0

4

2

6

8

1

5

3

7

9

10

0

4

2

6

8

1

5

3

7

9

10

The value of APEC members’ aggregate trade increased three-folds to USD 18.5 trillion in 2014 from USD 6.4 trillion in 2000, growing at an average annual rate of 10.4% during the period. Intra-regional trade also kept pace, expanding by around 2.7 times during the same period from USD 4.5 trillion to USD 12.1 trillion.Total exports of goods in the APEC region climbed to USD 9.1 trillion in 2014, of which 65.3% were intra-regional exports. APEC imports were higher at USD 9.4 trillion, of which 65.4% were sourced from other APEC economies.

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APEC Trade Indicators2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC (annual percent change), 2000 - 2014

Total exports

-30% -30%

-10% -10%

20% 20%

-20% -20%

10% 10%

0% 0%

40%

2000 20002002 20022003 20032004 20042005 20052006 20062007 20072008 20082010 20102011 20112012 20122013 20132014 2014

2001 20012009 2009

40%

30% 30%

Total importsIntra-regional exports Intra-regional importsAPEC exports to rest of the world

APEC imports from rest of the world

Trade growth in the region has been slowing down in recent years, reflecting the uneven economic recovery in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. The value of APEC’s total exports grew by 1.9% in 2014 while total imports grew 0.3%, with intra-regional trade outperforming trade with the rest of the world during the year.

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2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014


Exports

Rest of APEC16%

Rest of APEC7%

PRC34%

PRC29%

HKC8%

HKC9%

USA24%

USA35%

JPN12%

JPN10%

ROK8%

ROK8%

Imports

In 2014, at least 84% of intra-APEC trade-in-goods was accounted for by the top 5 APEC exporters and importers. China was the largest exporter of goods while the US was the largest importer.

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(HS8517) Electric app for line telephony, incl curr line system 4.4%

APEC Trade Indicators2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value (percent share), 2014

Top 10 products32.7%

All other products:

67.3%

The top 10 product exports accounted for 33% of the total value of APEC’s exports to the world in 2014 (using the Harmonized System 4-digit headings). Electronics and petroleum oils were the top export products at 5.1% and 5.0% of total value, respectively.

(HS2709) Crude petroleum oils 3.7%

(HS8471) Automatic data processing machines; optical reader, etc 3.1%

(HS8703) Cars (incl station wagon) 3.2%

(HS8708) Parts & access of motor vehicles 2.0%

(HS9999) Commodities not elsewhere specified 3.6%

(HS8473) Parts & acces of computers & office machines 1.2%

(HS8542) Electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies 5.1%

(HS7108) Gold unwrought or in semi-manuf forms 1.4%

(HS2710) Petroleum oils, not crude 5.0%

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(HS8517) Electric app for line telephony, incl curr line system 3.5%

2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value (percent share), 2014


Top 10 products:

36.8%

All other products:

63.2%

The top 10 products imported by APEC economies accounted for 36.8% of the total value of imports in 2014 (using the Harmonized System 4-digit headings). Petroleum products, electronics and cars were the leading imports, with crude petroleum oils being the largest at 9.5% of total import value.

(HS2709) Crude petroleum oils 9.5%

(HS8471) Automatic data processing machines; optical reader, etc 2.2%

(HS2711) Petroleum gases 2.3%

(HS8708) Parts & access of motor vehicles 1.9%

(HS3004) Medicament mixtures (not 3002, 3005, 3006), put in dosage 1.3%

(HS8703) Cars (incl. station wagon) 3.5%

(HS9999) Commodities not elsewhere specified 2.3%

(HS8542) Electronic integrated circuits and microassemblies 6.1%

(HS2710) Petroleum oils, not crude 4.3%

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APEC Trade Indicators2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value (percent share), 2014

All other products 67.0%

(HS7108)Gold unwrought or in

semi-manuf forms 1.5%

(HS8517)Electric app for line telephony,

incl curr line system4.6%

(HS8542) Electronic integrated

circuits and microassemblies

7.0%

(HS8473)Parts & acces of

computers & office machines

1.5%

(HS8708)Parts & access of

motor vehicles 2.3%

(HS8703)Cars (incl. station

wagon) 3.2%

(HS2710) Petroleum oils,

not crude4.1%

(HS9999)Commodities not

elsewhere specified 2.3%

(HS8471)Automatic data

processing machines; optical reader, etc

3.2%

(HS2709)Crude petroleum oils

3.3%

The top 10 most traded product groupings within the APEC region accounted for 33% of total exports from APEC members to other APEC members in 2014 (using the Harmonized System 4-digit subheadings). Electronic and petroleum products are among the most traded within the region, with electronic integrated circuits and micro-assemblies getting the biggest share at 7.0% of total intra-APEC export value.

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3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006 - 2013

APEC Trade Liberalization

The average MFN applied tariff rate for all products in the APEC region declined from 7.1% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2013. A similar downward trend is seen in the MFN applied rates of agricultural products (from 13.4% in 2006 to 12.2% in 2013) and non-agricultural products (from 6.1% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2013).

All products Agricultural products Non-agricultural products

2006 20102008 20122007 20112009 2013

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

16

7.1 7.0 6.66.2 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8

13.413.8

13.112.0 11.8 12.3 11.7 12.2

6.1 6.0 5.75.3 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7

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APEC Trade Liberalization3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free (percent share), 2006 - 2013

Among APEC member economies, the share of products (based on 6-digit subheadings) that are duty-free steadily increased from 39% in 2006 to 46% in 2013. Meanwhile, the percentage of products (based on 8-digit tariff lines) subject to MFN applied rates above 10% declined from 20% in 2006 to around 14% in 2013.

MFN applied tariff rates, share of duty-free products

MFN applied tariff rates, share of products subject to MFN rates above 10%

2006 20102008 20122007 20112009 2013

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

50%45.5%

14.4%

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The number of free trade agreements (FTAs) signed by APEC members expanded 12-fold over the past 20 years. As of 2014, APEC members have signed a total of 157 FTAs, 58 of which are with at least one other APEC member. Of the FTAs signed, 149 are still in force, 54 of which are with at least another APEC member.

3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), pre-1994 - 2014


FTAs in force by APEC members

FTAs signed by APEC members

Doha Round launched

Intra- APEC FTAs in force

Intra- APEC FTAs signed

120

90

60

Cum

ulat

ive

num

ber

30

0

150

20

In 2014, around 44% of APEC’s total exports were covered by FTA partners, while 39% of the region’s imports were under FTAs. These levels were significantly higher than in 1996, when only around 22% of exports and 9% of imports were covered by FTAs.

APEC Trade Liberalization3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners (percent), 2014

Exports

Imports

100%

100%

60%

60%

20%

20%

80%

80%

40%

40%

0%

0%

1996

1996

APEC 1996

APEC 1996

APEC 2014

APEC 2014

2014

2014

United St

ates

United St

ates

New Zealan

d

New Zealan

d

21

3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008 - 2013


22

22

Affecting an APEC member(s)

Anti-dumping (left axis)

Countervailing (right axis)

Safeguard (right axis)

Imposed by an APEC member(s)

1,200 120

1,000 100

800 80

600 60

400 40

200 20

0 0

1033

618

87

62

97

38

In general, APEC members were more affected by anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures. Year-end 2013 numbers show increases in both the number of APEC members that imposed and are affected by these measures.

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APECAPEC APEC as share of the worldAPEC as share of the world

APEC Investment Indicators4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, share in percent), 2000 - 2014

900

1,000

1,20060%

60%

70%71%

53.1%

651.8

80%

500

20%

20%

700

40%

40%

300

0% 0%

100

800

800

50%

50%

400

400

10%10%

600

60030%

30%

200200

0 0

2000

2000

2005

2005

2004

2004

2002

2002

2007

2007

2001

2001

2006

2006

2003

2003

2008

2008

2009

2009

2010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013

2013

2014

2014

In 2014, the APEC region experienced more outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) at USD 960 billion compared to inflows of USD 652 billion. As a share of world FDI, APEC’s inflows were also lower at 53% compared to 57% in 2013 while outflows increased minimally. The movement of FDI flows in 2014 was influenced by uncertainties on the timing and magnitude of the US monetary policy rate normalization as well as the uneven global economic recovery.

Inflows Outflows

959.5

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4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014

APEC Investment Indicators

Inflows Outflows

Rest of APEC32%

Rest of APEC21%

China20%

China12%

Japan12%

Hong Kong, China16%

Hong Kong, China15%

United States14%

United States35%

Singapore10%

Canada8%

Canada 5%

In 2014, about 68% of the inflows to the APEC region went to five member economies, equivalent to USD 446 billion, while 79% of the FDI outflows worth USD 761 billion came from five APEC members.

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APEC Investment Indicators4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014 - 2015

End-2014 as of August 2015

18%

10%

14%

6%

2%

16%

8%

12%

4%

0%

Monetary policy rates impact on investments by influencing the level and direction of interest rates. Low levels of interest rates via accommodative monetary policy settings, therefore, encourage investment spending.

Economies that use benchmark overnight interest rates as their main monetary policy levers have either maintained or reduced their policy rates as of August 2015 compared to end-2014 levels. Among the APEC members, nine economies opted to reduce their respective monetary policy rates while the rest kept their key interest rates steady. Interest rates were kept relatively low to support economies’ growth requirements amid the uneven pace of global economic activity.

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5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010 - 2014

APEC Structural Indicators

On average, it takes 6 procedures to start a business in APEC economies in 2014. In industrialized APEC economies this average is 4 procedures, while it takes 7 procedures in developing economies.

The average number of days to start a business in APEC went down from 28 days to 21 days between 2010 and 2014. It takes three times longer to start a business in developing economies than in industrialized economies: in 2014, it took 26 days to start a business in developing economies, compared with 7 days in industrialized economies.

Number of Procedures to Start a Business Number of Days to Start a Business

4010

308

20

6

10

4

020102010 20112011 20122012 20132013 20142014

Industrialized Developing APEC

0

2


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APEC Structural Indicators5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014

Singapore

China

Canada

Chile

Korea

Indonesia

United States

Thailand

Hong Kong, China

Viet Nam

New Zealand

The Philippines

Russia

Japan

APEC

Australia

Mexico

Malaysia

Peru

Papua New Guinea0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

On average, APEC economies scored 3.4 (out of a best score of 5) on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in 2014. The LPI tracks economies’ performance on customs, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics quality and competence, tracking and tracing, and timeliness.

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5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s (scale 0 - 100), 2008 - 2014


99.2

99

98.6

98

97.6

98.8

98.2

98.4

97.8

97.42008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Women’s educational attainment measures (on a scale of 0-100, with 100 as the highest) how close women are to achieving parity with men in terms of literacy; net primary school enrollment; net secondary school enrollment; and gross tertiary enrollment. The educational attainment of women in the APEC region has improved from 98.1 in 2008 to 99.0 in 2014, which is almost at par with the educational attainment of males in the region.

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APEC Structural Indicators5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005 - 2014

In less than a decade, the number of undernourished people in APEC decreased by more than 100 million, from 308.2 million in 2005 to 202.9 million in 2014.

350

308.2

202.9

2005 20092007 2011 20132006 20102008 2012 2014

250

150

50

300

200

100

0

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5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015


6.0

4.0

2.0

5.0

3.0

1.0

0.0Hazard and exposure


Vulnerability Lack of coping capacity Overall risk

While there is just a small gap between industrialized and developing economies in terms of hazard and exposure to disaster risk, there are larger gaps in terms of the population’s vulnerabilities and capacity to cope with disasters. Although exposure to natural disasters is an accident of geography, policies can reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities and increase the capacity to cope with disasters.

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Data Notes1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 2013-2014 Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2015)

Database; and Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).

1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014 Sources: International Labor Organization, Economically Active Population

Estimates and Projections (EAPAP), 1990-2020 Database (accessed 17 September 2015); and Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).

1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014 Note: GDP per person employed, computed as GDP divided by total

employment, is shown in 2014 EKS dollars, in which GDP has been converted to the 2014 price level using updated 2011 Elteto-Köves-Szulc (EKS) purchasing power parities (PPP).

Source: The Conference Board Total Economy Database™, May 2015 (accessed 21 September 2015).

1.7 Stock Market Performance in APEC (index points, 1 January 2014 = 100), 1 January 2014-30 September 2015

Sources: S&P/ASX200 (Australia); S&P/TSX Composite (Canada); Santiago Stock Exchange IPSA (Chile); Shanghai Composite (China); Hang Seng (Hong Kong, China); IDX Composite (Indonesia); Nikkei 225 (Japan); KOSPI (Korea); FTSE KLCI (Malaysia); Mexican Bolsa IPC (Mexico); NZX 50 (New Zealand); ISBVL (Peru); PSEi (The Philippines); RTS (Russia); Straits Times (Singapore); TAIEX (Chinese Taipei); Dow Jones (United States); and Ho Chi Minh VSE (Viet Nam). Data were gathered from Thomson Reuters (accessed 1 October 2015).

APEC in the Global Economy, 2014Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei); and World Trade Organization, Time Series on International Trade (accessed 22 September 2015).

APEC Macroeconomic Indicators1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014 Note: GDP per capita is calculated as GDP divided by the estimated midyear

population. Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; and Directorate

General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).

1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014 Note: The real GDP growth of the APEC region reflects weighted growth. Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; and Directorate

General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).

1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2000-2014 Note: Real GDP based on 2005 USD. Average real GDP per capita growth

rates for APEC and Rest of World are weighted by population. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (accessed 10 September

2015).

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Data Notes

APEC Trade Indicators2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000-2014 Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed

10 September 2015).

2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC (annual percent change), 2000-2014 Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed

10 September 2015).

2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014 Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed

10 September 2015).

2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value (percent share), 2014 Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September

2015).

2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value (percent share), 2014 Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September

2015).

2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value (percent share), 2014 Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September

2015).

APEC Trade Liberalization3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006-2013 Source: World Trade Organization, World Tariff Profiles (accessed 17

September 2015).

3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free (percent share), 2006-2013

Source: World Trade Organization, World Tariff Profiles (accessed 17 September 2015).

3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), pre-1994-2014 Source: Compiled from publicly available information by the APEC Policy

Support Unit.

3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners (percent), 2014 Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed 3

July 2015).

3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008-2013 Source: World Trade Organization, Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP)

(accessed 21 September 2015).

32

APEC Investment Indicators4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, share in percent),

2000-2014 Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)


4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014 Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)


4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014-2015 Sources: Reserve Bank of Australia (Australia); Bank of Canada (Canada);

Central Bank of Chile (Chile); People’s Bank of China (China); Bank Indonesia (Indonesia); Bank of Korea (Korea); Bank Negara Malaysia (Malaysia); Banco de Mexico (Mexico); Reserve Bank of New Zealand (New Zealand); Bank of Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Central Reserve Bank of Peru (Peru); Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (The Philippines); Bank of Russia (Russia); Central Bank of the Republic of China (Chinese Taipei); Bank of Thailand (Thailand); US Federal Reserve Bank (United States); and State Bank of Viet Nam (Viet Nam) (accessed 7 September 2015).

APEC Structural Indicators5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010-2014 Source: World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Doing Business


5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014 Note: The index score ranges from 1 to 5, with a higher score representing

better performance (1=low; 5=high). Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (accessed 17 September

2015).

5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s (scale 0-100), 2008-2014 Source: World Economic Forum (accessed 17 September 2015).

5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005-2014 Note: Data only cover China; Indonesia; Mexico; Peru; the Philippines;

Thailand; and Viet Nam. Sources: FAO Statistics; and APEC Policy Support Unit calculations.

5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015 Note: The risk index is taken from the Index For Risk Management (INFORM)

developed by the IASC Task Team for Preparedness and Resilience and the European Commission. The disaster risk index incorporates data for 21 indicators covering (1) hazard and exposure to natural and man-made risks, (2) socioeconomic vulnerability and vulnerable groups, and (3) lack of coping capacity. Scores range from 0 (no risk) to 10 (high risk). No INFORM scores for Hong Kong, China and Chinese Taipei.

Sources: Index for Risk Management (INFORM), http://www.inform-index.org; and APEC Policy Support Unit calculations.

Abbreviations for APEC Member EconomiesAustralia (AUS); Brunei Darussalam (BD); Canada (CDA); Chile (CHL); China (PRC); Hong Kong, China (HKC); Indonesia (INA); Japan (JPN); Korea (ROK); Malaysia (MAS); Mexico (MEX); New Zealand (NZ); Papua New Guinea (PNG); Peru (PE); The Philippines (PHL); Russia (RUS); Singapore (SIN); Chinese Taipei (CT); Thailand (THA); United States (USA); and Viet Nam (VN).

Data Notes

33

StatsAPECStatsAPEC is APEC’s statistics portal with data dating back to APEC’s inception in 1989. It consists of the Key Indicators Database and the Bilateral Linkages Database. The Key Indicators Database includes over 120 GDP, trade, financial and socio-economic indicators, allowing for an analysis of trends across a number of topics. The Bilateral Linkages Database facilitates detailed analysis of trade and investment flows between APEC economies and within APEC. APEC aggregates are available for most indicators in StatsAPEC, making it easy to examine the region as a whole.

StatsAPEC is available at statistics.apec.org and is optimized for use on mobile devices.

Policy Support Unit • APEC Secretariat35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119616

Telephone Number: (65) 6891-9600 • Facsimile Number: (65) 6891 9419Website: www.apec.org/About-Us/Policy-Support-Unit

Email: [email protected]

Copyright © 2015 APEC Secretariat APEC#215-SE-01.22 ISBN978-981-09-7291-2

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