aplikasi motivasi organisasi chapter 7 mata kuliah: j0754 - pengelolaan organisasi entrepreneurial...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi
Chapter 7
Mata kuliah : J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi EntrepreneurialDosen Pembuat : D3122 - Rudy AryantoTahun : 2009
![Page 3: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Learning Objectives– Explain differences between social learning theory and
reinforcement theory
– Discuss how self-managing can be useful in developing a motivation program
– Describe how expectancy, equity, and goal-setting theories are used to motivate employees
– Define intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and how these rewards influence employee motivation
![Page 4: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Sage of Stock Options
• Stock options– Have replaced salary
and bonuses as the most significant part of executive pay
– Place a lien against the company– When exercised, reduce the value
of other stock shares– May reward one person and distress others
![Page 5: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Learning• One of the fundamental processes underlying
behavior and motivation– A relatively enduring change in behavior occurs as a
result of practice
• Changes in behavior that characterize learning may be…– Adaptive and promote effectiveness – Non-adaptive and ineffective
![Page 6: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Social Learning
• Behavior is acquired through observation and imitation of others in a social context – Continuous interaction of cognitive, behavioral, and
environmental determinants– Can be positive or negative
![Page 7: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Social Learning• Social learning theory introduces…
– Vicarious learning (modeling)– Symbolism– Self-control
• Self-efficacy, a central part of social learning theory, has three dimensions– Magnitude– Strength– Generality
![Page 8: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pygmalion Effect
Pygmalion Effect
The enhanced learning or performance that results from others having positive expectations of us.
![Page 9: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Operant Conditioning• Learning that occurs as a consequence of
behavior– Operants are behaviors that can be controlled by
altering reinforcers and the punishments that follow them
• Behavior modification– An approach to motivation that uses principles of
operant conditioning– Learning by reinforcement
![Page 10: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Example of Operant Conditioning
S1
Memo instructingsubordinate to prepare budget
Conditionedstimulus
S1
Memo instructingsubordinate to prepare budget
Conditionedstimulus
R1
Preparingweeklybudgets
Conditionedoperantresponse
R1
Preparingweeklybudgets
Conditionedoperantresponse
R2
A sense ofsatisfaction
Unconditioned response
R2
A sense ofsatisfaction
Unconditioned response
S2
Receiving valued praise fromsuperior
Reinforcingstimulus
S2
Receiving valued praise fromsuperior
Reinforcingstimulus
AntecedentAntecedent BehaviorBehavior ConsequenceConsequence
![Page 11: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Principles of Operant Conditioning
• Positive reinforcement– Action that increases the likelihood of a behavior
• Negative reinforcement– Strengthens a behavior because the behavior
removes some painful or unpleasant stimulus
• Punishment– Undesirable consequence that results in the
suppression of the behavior that brought it about
• Extinction– Decline in response rate due to non-
reinforcement
![Page 12: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Behavior Modification• Identify and define the specific behavior
– Can it be seen?– Can it be measured?
• Measure or count occurrences of the pinpointed behavior– Provides a baseline from which to determine if the
behavior is changing
![Page 13: Aplikasi Motivasi Organisasi Chapter 7 Mata kuliah: J0754 - Pengelolaan Organisasi Entrepreneurial Dosen Pembuat: D3122 - Rudy Aryanto Tahun : 2009](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649ebd5503460f94bc6220/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Applied Behavior Modification• Conduct ABC analysis of the behavior
– A = analyzing the antecedents– B = pinpointing critical behaviors– C = associated consequence
• Then– Develop an action plan and strategies– Evaluate the behavior