appareil urinaire endocrinologie et croissance fŒtales · figure 6. ureteric bud branching in...
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APPAREIL URINAIRE
EMBRYOLOGIE BIOLOGIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT
Université Paris Diderot Faculté de Médecine
L2 UE7
Fabien GUIMIOT [email protected]
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Plan du cours
9 Origine des reins 9 Structures rénales primitives
� Le Pronéphros � Le mésonéphros
9 Le métanéphros (rein définitif) � Architecture � Divisions du système excréteur � Pyélon (bassinet) � Calices � Aspects moléculaires de la croissance du bourgeon urétéral � Développement des néphrons � Développement des glomérules � Répartition des tubes rénaux � Structure anatomique d’un néphron
9 Datation de l'âge gestationnel (compte des glomérules) 9 Migration rénale 9 Cloisonnement des voies urogénitales
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Origine des reins
Le mésoblaste intra-embryonnaire intermédiaire
MI
MI MI
MP
LL
MI : Mésoblaste Intermédiaire MP: Mésoblaste Para-axial LL : Lames latérales
Foie
CI
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Structures rénales primitives
3e – 4e semaines
4e – 8e semaines
5e semaine
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Canal de Wolff
Métamérisation du Pronéphros et du Mésonéphros
Pronéphros Mésonéphros Métanéphros
Aorte
Allantoïde
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Le Pronéphros
Structure transitoire : persiste pendant 24h - 48h
Canal de Wolff Tubes rénaux
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MESONEPHROS
Canal de Muller
Canal de Wolff
Tubes rénaux
Aorte
Capsule de Bowman
Veine cardinale postérieure
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J30
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J35
Mésonéphros
Métanéphros Métanéphros
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J35
Tubes rénaux
Canal de Wolff
Glomérule
Surrénale Crête génitale
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Architecture du métanéphros
Corps en S Corps en virgule
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Figure 6. Ureteric bud branching in organ culture and in vivoA–F, UB branching during culture of a Hoxb7/eGFP transgenic kidney92. A, E11.5 kidneyat beginning of culture. GFP labels the ND and UB, which has branched once at this stage(“T-stage”), while the surrounding MM is invisible. B, at 10 hours of culture, the two UBtips have trifurcated to generate six tips (yellow stars). C–F, branching patterns at theindicated times. Orange stars in D and E indicate a lateral branch. G, Optical section of aUB tip at E11.5 (similar plane of section to the green dotted line in A). The kidney carriesHoxb7/myrVenus, a transgene encoding a membrane-bound fluorescent protein that revealsthe pseudostratified epithelium 94. H, Optical section of a branching UB tip at E14.5 (a
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15 générations de divisions
dichotomiques
(Costantini 2012)
Système excréteur
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Aspects moléculaires de la croissance du bourgeon urétéral
(Little et al., 2010)
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J40 METANEPHROS
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Développement des néphrons
Capsule de Bowman
Coiffe : blastème métanéphrogène
Vésicule rénale
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Développement centrifuge des
néphrons Médullaire rénale
Cortex rénal
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(Schell et al., 2014)
Développement des glomérules
Stade corps en S : 1. Sécrétion de VEGF-A par les
progéniteurs des podocytes 2. Attraction des cellules
endothéliales 3. Expression de PDGF-B par les
cellules endothéliales 4. Attraction des progéniteurs des
cellules mésengiales 5. Accolement des cellules
mésengiales aux cellules endothéliales induisant la formation de boucles des capillaires
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Figure 1. Gross organization of the kidney, and development of the nephronA, Schematic diagram of the gross organization of the newborn mouse kidney, showing asingle nephron and associated collecting duct (black dotted box – see B for an enlargedview). The collecting ducts are the mature derivatives of the ureteric bud (UB), whoseimmature tips are located in the outer nephrogenic zone and continue to branch at this stage(blue dotted box). B, Enlarged diagram of components of the nephron. GL, glomerulus; BC,Bowman’s capsule; PT, proximal tubule; LH, loop of Henle; DT, distal tubule; CT,connecting tubule; CD, collecting duct. C–E, Stages of nephrogenesis and their relationshipto the ureteric bud tips. C, Metanephric mesenchyme cells first condense around the UB tipsto form the cap mesenchyme(CM). These CM cells are the stem cells that self renew andalso give rise to nephron epithelia. D, the CM cells first form aggregates (PA, pretubularaggregates) which convert into epithelial renal vesicles (RV). E, the RV fuses with the UBtip, and folds to form the comma-shaped body (CB); it continues to develop into an S-shaped body (SB), different regions of which begin to differentiate into segments of themature nephron (BC, PT, DT, and CT). EC, endothelial cells entering the glomerular cleft toform the glomerular tuft of capillaries.
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Répartition des tubes rénaux
Agrégats Pré-tubulaires
Vésicule Rénale
Coiffe Mésenchymateuse Corps en
Virgule Corps en S
Ebauche Urétérale
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Structure anatomique d’un néphron
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10 SA
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16 SA
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24 SA Tubes contournés
proximaux
Tubes contournés distaux
Glomérule
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Datation de l’âge gestationnel fœtal
Compte des glomérules matures par rangée : - 1 à 2 glomérules : 17-18 SA - 2 à 3 glomérules : 20-21 SA - 3 à 4 glomérules : 24-25 SA - 4 à 5 glomérules : 28-29 SA - 6 à 7 glomérules : 32-33 SA - 7 à 8 glomérules : 36-37 SA
A terme entre 9 et 10 glomérules matures
Au total, entre 900000 et 1,6 million de glomérules
dans un rein de nouveau-né = rein adulte
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Migration Surrénales
Mésoblaste intermédiaire
Rein
Gonade
Vessie
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5ème semaine
CLOISONNEMENT DU CLOAQUE
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7ème semaine
SINUS URO-GENITAL
Plis de Ratke
Pli de Tourneux = Septum urorectal
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URETERES
VESSIE Canal de Wolff
Uretères
Uretères
Canal de Wolff
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URETRE