appendicular skeleton and joints lab # 7 skeletal system ii

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Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

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Page 1: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Appendicular Skeleton and Joints

Lab # 7Skeletal System II

Page 2: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

The Appendicular Skeleton

Pectoral girdle

Pelvic girdle

Upper limbs

Lower limbs

Page 3: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Right Clavicle

Superior view

Inferior view

Pectoral Girdle

Anterior view

Clavicles

Scapulas

Acromial end

Sternal end

Sternal end

Acromial end

Page 4: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Right Scapula

Posterior view Lateral viewAnterior view

Acromion process

Coracoid processCoracoid process

Acromion process

Spine

Acromion process

Coracoid process

Glenoid cavity

Page 5: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Posterior viewAnterior view

Right Humerus

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Head

Deltoid tuberosity

Capitulum Trochlea

Coronoid fossaOlecranon

fossa

Intertubercular sulcus

Page 6: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

HeadGreater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

ANTERIOR VIEW

HUMERUS

Intertubercular sulcus

Page 7: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

CapitulumTrochlea

Coronoid fossa

Olecranon fossa

ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW

HUMERUS

Page 8: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Right Radius and Ulna

Anterior view

Styloid process

Trochlear notch

Radial head

RADIUS ULNA

Styloid process

Coronoid process

Olecranon process

Proximal radioulnar joint

Distal radioulnar joint

(It is a pivot joint)

Page 9: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Carpal bones (8)

Phalanges (14)

Metacarpal bones (5)

Right Hand

Posterior view

Proximal phalanx

Intermediate phalanx

Distal phalanx

Distal phalanx

Proximal phalanx

Metacarpal 11

2 345

Page 10: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

LATERAL VIEW

COXAL BONE

Ilium

IschiumPubis

Page 11: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Ilium

Ischium Pubis

Lateral view

Right Coxal Bone

Acetabulum

Iliac crest

Greater sciatic notch

Ischial spine

Ischial tuberosity

Obturator foramen

Anterior superior iliac spine

Posterior superior iliac spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Inferior pubic ramus

Superior pubic ramus

Page 12: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Pubic symphysis

Anterior view Posterior view

Page 13: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Right Patella

Anterior view

Posterior view

Right Femur

Anterior view

Posterior view

Head

Lesser trochanter

Greater trochanter

Greater trochanter

Medialcondyle

Lateral condyleLateral

condyle

Neck

Page 14: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Head

Lesser trochanter

Greater trochanter

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

FEMUR

Neck

Page 15: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Right Tibia and Fibula

Anterior view

FIBULATIBIA

Head of fibula

Fibular or lateral malleolus

Tibial or medial malleolus

Page 16: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Phalanges (14)

Tarsal bones

(7)

Metatarsal bones (5)

Superior view Lateral view

41 2 3

5

Metatarsal bones (5)

Phalanges (14)

Right Foot

Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx Intermediate phalanx

First metatarsal bone

Proximal phalanx

Distal phalanx

Calcaneus

TalusCalcaneus

Talus

Page 17: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

It is any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interfaceJoint (articulation):

JOINTS

Structural Classification (according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are bound to each other, with differences in how freely the bones can move)

1- Fibrous joints: Points at which adjacent bones are bound by fibrous connective tissue (mainly collagen fibers). No space between the two bones

2- Cartilaginous joints: When two bones are linked by cartilage. No space between the two bones

3- Bony joints: Immovable joints formed when the gap between two bones ossify, and they become in effect, a single bone. No space between the two bones

4- Synovial joints: They are joints in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint or synovial cavity

Functional Classification (according to their functional characteristics or their ability to move)

1- Synarthroses: Immovable joints

2- Amphiarthroses: They are joints that allow slightly movements

3- Diarthroses: They are freely movable joints

Page 18: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Structural Classification (according to the manner in which the adjacent bones are bound to each other, with differences in how freely the bones can move)

1- Fibrous joints: Points at which adjacent bones are bound by fibrous connective tissue (mainly collagen fibers). No space between the two bones

Syndesmosis

An interosseus membrane unites the fibula to the tibia (also the radio to the ulna)

Gomphosis

Collagen fibers attach tooth to jawbone allows the tooth

Sutures

Immovable or slightly mo-vable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other

Page 19: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

2- Cartilaginous joints: When two bones are linked by cartilage. No space between the two bones

3- Bony joints: Immovable joints formed when the gap between two bones ossify, and they become in effect, a single bone. No space between the two bones

Pubic symphysis in which right and left pubic bones joined by interpubic disc

Bodies of vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Joints between the sacral vertebrae and bones of coccyx

Page 20: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

4- Synovial joints: They are joints in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint or synovial cavity

Joint cavity or synovial cavity

It secrets a viscous and slippery synovial fluid that lubricates the joint

Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane

Joint capsule or articular capsule:

Articular cartilages

Ligaments

Page 21: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Functional Classification (according to their functional characteristics or their ability to move)

1- Synarthroses: Immovable joints

2- Amphiarthroses: They are joints that allow slightly movements

Gomphosis

Sutures

3- Diarthroses: They are freely movable joints Synovial joints are diarthroses

Page 22: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

The Six Types of Synovial Joints

Ball-and-socket joint(humeroscapular)

Pivot joint(radioulnar)

Saddle joint(trapeziometacarpal)

Hinge joint(humeroulnar)

Plane (gliding) joint(intercarpal)

Condylar joint(metacarpophalangeal)

Page 23: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Quadriceps femoris muscle

Tendon of quadriceps

Patellar ligament

collateral ligament

collateral ligament

TibialFibular

The Knee Joint

Page 24: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Tendon of quadriceps

Patellar ligament

Tibial collateral ligamentFibular

collateral ligament

condyle condyleLateral Medial

cruciate ligament

cruciate ligament

Anterior

Posterior

meniscus

meniscus

Lateral

Medial

Page 25: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Quadriceps tendon

Patellar ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus

FIBULA

FEMUR

FIBULA

The Knee Joint

Tibiofemoral Joint: It is where the condyles of the femur joint the condyles of the tibia

PATELA Hinge joint

Synovial joint

Diarthroses

Patellofemoral Joint: It is where the patella articulates with the femur

Plane (gliding) joint

Synovial joint

Diarthroses

Page 26: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

FemurFemur

Tibia

Tibia

Fibula

Patella

Quadriceps tendon

Patellar ligament

Lateral meniscus

Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral

ligament

Medial meniscus

Lateral view

Medial view

Page 27: Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Lab # 7 Skeletal System II

Posterior view

Femur

TibiaFibula

Fibular collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Lateral meniscusMedial meniscus