appendix 4-1 conceptual hydrogeological assessment · 2018-09-27 · the conceptual hydrogeology of...

APPENDIX 4-1

Conceptual Hydrogeological Assessment

EPA Referral – January, 2017

https://hastingstechmetals.com/

Reference: \\1246g\\HastingsProjectConceptualHydrogeologicalAppraisal2016.pdf

Global

Groundwater

Australian Bore Consultants Pty. Ltd. Hydrogeological Division ACN 077 734 153 ABN 66 077 734 153

PO Box 174 Bassendean Western Australia 6054

Yangibana Rare Earth Project

Conceptual Hydrogeological Appraisal

for

Hastings Technology Metals Limited

November, 2016

Hydrogeologist Global Groundwater

P.O. Box 174 Bassendean WA 6054 Tel: + 61 8 9386 4725 Fax: + 61 8 9386 1080

Yangibana Project Conceptual Hydrogeology for Hastings Technology Metals Limited


Australian Bore Consultants Pty Ltd Trading As: Global Groundwater

ACN 077 734 153 ABN 66 077 734 153

PO Box 174 Bassendean, Western Australia 6054

Telephone: 61 8 9386 4725 Facsimile: 61 8 9386 1080 E-mail: [email protected]

© 2016 Global Groundwater (Australian Bore Consultants Pty. Ltd. Hydrogeological Division)

No warranty or guarantee, whether expressed or implied, is made with respect to the data

findings, observations and conclusions contained in this report

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Document Status

Version Author Reviewer Approved for Issue

No. Name Signature Date

Draft D. Skidmore R. Nixon

7/10/2016

1 D. Skidmore E. Ryan-Reid, L. Jefferson (Hastings) L. Hopgood

R. Nixon

15/11/2016



CONTENTS

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Location ................................................................................................................. 1

2 Program Description ................................................................................................... 1

3 Previous Work and Available Data ............................................................................. 2

3.1 Geological Appraisals ............................................................................................ 2 3.2 Hydrogeological Appraisals .................................................................................... 3 3.3 Groundwater Data .................................................................................................. 4

4 Water Licensing .......................................................................................................... 4

5 Setting ........................................................................................................................ 5

5.1 Climate .................................................................................................................. 5 5.2 Geomorphology ..................................................................................................... 6 5.3 Vegetation.............................................................................................................. 6 5.4 Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems .................................................................... 7

Surface GDE ....................................................................................................... 7 Stygofauna .......................................................................................................... 8 Troglofauna ......................................................................................................... 8

6 Geology ...................................................................................................................... 9

6.1 Basement Rocks .................................................................................................... 9 Basement Rock Structure .................................................................................. 10

6.2 Superficial Strata.................................................................................................. 10 Calcrete ............................................................................................................. 10 Colluvium and Other Transported and Residual Units ....................................... 10 Recent Alluvium ................................................................................................. 11 Eluvium .............................................................................................................. 11 Lake Deposits .................................................................................................... 12

7 Conceptual Hydrogeology ........................................................................................ 12

7.1 Aquifers ............................................................................................................... 12 7.2 Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................. 13 7.3 Recharge, Flow and Discharge ............................................................................ 14 7.4 Storage ................................................................................................................ 15 7.5 Groundwater Salinity ............................................................................................ 16 7.6 Bore Capacities ................................................................................................... 17

8 Implications For The Yangibana Rare Earths Project ............................................... 18

9 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 20

10 Recommendations.................................................................................................... 22

11 References ............................................................................................................... 23



FIGURES

Figure 1 ...................................................................................................................... Location

Figure 2 .................................................................................................... Bore/Well Locations

Figure 3 .......................................................................................................... Simple Geology

Figure 4 ......................................................................................................... Surface Geology

Figure 5 .................................................................................................... Groundwater Levels

Figure 6 ........................................................................................................... Calcrete Extent

Figure 7 ......................................................... Conceptual Hydrogeology – Schematic Section

Figure 8 .................................................................................................. Groundwater Salinity


Reference: \\1246g\\HastingsProjectConceptualHydrogeologicalAppraisal2016.pdf Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION

Hastings Technology Metals Limited (Hastings) is conducting a detailed feasibility study

(DFS) for development of the Yangibana Rare Earths Project (Yangibana Project) located in

the Fraser Creek area of the upper Gascoyne region of Western Australia (Figure 1).

Stygofauna and troglofauna species have been discovered within the mining footprint. The

area has been delineated by the Department of Parks and Wildlife as containing the Gifford

Creek Priority Ecological Community (PEC) in a network of shallow calcrete aquifers. The

project intersects the northern portion of the Gifford Creek PEC area. However, no calcrete

aquifers occur where subterranean fauna species were found (Ecoscape, 2016a).

The conceptual hydrogeology of the broader mining area has not been documented

previously but is required to understand any habitat relationships between the Project areas

further and the PEC calcretes, inform the regional stygofauna and troglofauna sampling,

project planning, approvals and subsequent development. Hastings engaged Global

Groundwater to provide a desktop hydrogeological appraisal setting out the conceptual

hydrogeology of the area. This report sets out the data acquired and its interpretation to

present the conceptual hydrogeology (aquifer characterisation, waterlevels, groundwater flow

and salinity).

1.1 LOCATION

The Yangibana Project will consist of several pits with associated mining and processing

facilities located within mining leases and general and miscellaneous tenements within a

larger area of mining tenements operated by Hastings, which cover about 645 km2 overlying

the Wanna and Edmund station pastoral leases (Figure 1). It occurs in the centre south of

the Edmund 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale map-sheet areas and incorporates the

Yangibana, Bald Hill, and Fraser’s deposits.

2 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

Searches were conducted of government agencies to obtain available data and reports. A

study area covering approximately 6000 km2 (600,000 ha) was established to extend some

distance from the Yangibana tenement area.



Published geological maps at 1:250 000 and 1:100 000 scale were obtained from the

Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA) within the Department of Mines and

Petroleum (DMP). The GSWA’s various databases were also searched for published and

unpublished geological and hydrogeological reports, and for reporting associated with

minerals exploration licenses (WAMEX) that may have detailed exploration drilling in the

area, sometimes with results of water bore drilling.

The Department of Water (DoW) Water Information System (WIN) was interrogated for bore

data and the DoW library system was interrogated for hydrogeological reports and

consultants ‘Accession’ reports setting out details of groundwater drilling in the study area.

The DoW licensing database was also interrogated for licensing associated with the area.

Groundwater, environmental and drilling data were requested from the Hastings project

team.

The acquired data and reports were reviewed and consolidated to provide the background

hydrogeology and a platform for ongoing groundwater work to support development of the

project.

3 PREVIOUS WORK AND AVAILABLE DATA

3.1 GEOLOGICAL APPRAISALS

The 1:250 000 scale mapping of the Edmund sheet area (Daniels, 1967) and the

accompanying explanatory notes (Daniels, 1969) was the first systematic geological mapping

in the area. Daniels (1969) also provided a brief history of earlier geological investigations,

which included mostly minerals investigations or regional geological data gathering exercises

from 1890 onward.

Little published work appears to have been undertaken in the area after Daniels (1967, 1969)

work until 1985, for revision of the Bangemall Basin Supergroup stratigraphy, for work on the

Gascoyne Complex in 1986 and detailed work on the alkaline dykes in the southern and

central part of the Edmund 1:250 000 sheet in 1996. These previous works were

summarised by Martin et al. (2005) when the Edmund 1:250 000 sheet area was geologically

mapped at 1:100 000 scale. Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013) furthered the work on the

alkaline intrusives of the area.



In excess of 150 WAMEX reports were recovered and briefly appraised. Most WAMEX

reports covered smaller programs not inclusive of drilling and where drilling was undertaken

and reported it is often difficult to identify drill-hole locations from the earlier reports. The

published geological appraisals often draw on the WAMEX data.

Hastings has undertaken extensive mineral exploration activities focussed in the Fraser,

Gifford and Yangibana areas. These have been summarised in the context of the broader

geological setting and detail has been provided on each prospect (Whittock, 2016).

3.2 HYDROGEOLOGICAL APPRAISALS

Detailed hydrogeological appraisals of the area have not been undertaken and

correspondingly there is a paucity of groundwater data for the area. Daniels (1969) noted

from geological mapping of the 1:250 000 Edmund sheet area that most of the water for

pastoral stations in the area was obtained from shallow bores and wells sunk in alluvium,

colluvium and calcrete. He also identified that water quality was best in higher catchment

areas and deteriorated down catchment.

Smaller scale hydrogeological appraisals for stock supplies were undertaken by the

hydrogeology section of the GSWA for pastoralists on the Wanna pastoral lease area

(Davidson, 1973; Thorpe, 1990). Davidson (1973) selected sites for drilling around

Suspense Bore located about 33 km east of Yangibana tenement area. The appraisal

indicated limited potential in shallow superficial strata but greater potential in underlying

basement rocks where structure was favourable for formation of fractures.

Thorpe (1990) undertook a desk top study and reconnaissance site visit to appraise sites for

groundwater drilling following failure of a number of stock bores and wells on the same lease.

The program provided limited background details on a number of the existing bores and

wells and focussed on calcrete as the primary target. It is not known if new groundwater

bores were drilled and constructed at the selected sites. It was identified that calcrete may

extend over large areas beneath alluvial deposits, and that large calcrete deposits up to 30 m

in thickness occur within the Edmund and Lyons River valleys. Thorpe (1990) concluded

that calcrete deposits in the area could be up to 50 m thick.

Whittock (2016) noted hydrogeological studies have been undertaken that indicated aquifer

transmissivity of 43 m2/day and 173 m2/day for Yangibana North and Bald Hill South

prospects respectively, but no formal reporting to provide perspective to these values was



provided for this report. It was also reported that water quality samples obtained showed

groundwater to be within acceptable National Environmental Protection Measures (NEPM)

for inorganic analytes, and for most organic analytes.

3.3 GROUNDWATER DATA

Available groundwater data are limited and mostly from bores and wells established for stock

supplies, as obtainable from the WIN system of the DoW (Figure 2). Stock bores and wells

do not require licensing and as such there was little imperative for data to be recorded at the

time of drilling or for data to be forwarded to government. Apart from occasional data

captured by early government workers or perhaps provided by pastoral lease holders, most

of the data contained on the WIN system for the area were probably captured when the

bores and wells were visited during regional mapping of the Edmund sheet by the GSWA

(Daniels, 1967). Many of the available records show dates of 1965 but go back to as early

as 1927. Some are from the 1970’s and 1990’s and many have no known date of capture.

Limited data are available from Hastings sources either as set out in a report on stygofauna

and troglofauna (Ecoscape, 2016a) or as informal spread sheets made available for this

report. Whittock (2016) provides some description on porosity and data on groundwater

levels associated with structure and weathering at the various Yangibana prospects.

Limited test pumping data were provided in spread sheets for a PVC cased bore named

YGBWB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September 2016). A drill hole YGBWB1 is not listed in

the Hastings drill hole database provided and it may be that the bore is YGWB001, which is

listed in the database as a water bore. The test was conducted at a flow rate of 22 m3/day

for about 15 minutes during which drawdown of 0.7 m was recorded. Hydraulic conductivity

of 7.6 m/day and transmissivity of 38 m2/day were included in the spread sheet results.

4 WATER LICENSING

The DoW Water Register shows the Yangibana tenement area located within the Gascoyne

Groundwater area, Bangemall/Capricorn Groundwater subarea for the purposes of

groundwater licensing, which will be required for dewatering and groundwater supplies for

the Project. The register shows the Yangibana tenement area overlying groundwater

resources of the Fractured Rock West aquifer (Alluvium, Calcrete, Palaeochannel and



Fractured Rock aquifers), with water currently available from each. Existing licenced

drawpoints are shown on Figure 1.

The DoW register lists Hastings current groundwater licence 183285 associated with mining

lease M09/157 with an annual allocation of 500 kL from the Fractured Rock West - Fractured

Rock aquifer. The next closest licenced drawpoint is about 20 km southeast of Fraser’s

deposit. It is included on groundwater licence 46673 with a postal address of Cobra Station

for an annual allocation of 10,000 kL. The register shows the underlying resource as the

Combined - Fractured Rock West - Alluvium aquifer but lists the licence as drawing from the

Carnarvon - Superficial aquifer. No other groundwater licences were identified close to the

Yangibana tenement area.

Surface water licence 174568 to the Shire of Upper Gascoyne for 6000 kL/annum from the

Gascoyne River and Tributaries resource is linked to an area that extends over much of

Yangibana tenement area and further west. Although the annual allocation is small, the

potential for the broad licence area to impact the Yangibana planned development should be

investigated.

5 SETTING

5.1 CLIMATE

The climate of the area is set out by Ecoscape (2016a). In summary, the area is arid to

semi-arid with cool daytime temperatures in the winter months and warm to hot daytime

temperatures in the summer months. A number of climatic influences impact the area

causing bi-modal average rainfall with an average annual total of about 220 mm.

During the warmer season, generally from December to April, rainfall results from occasional

thunderstorm activity associated with development of west coast troughs, movement of

tropical cloud banks southeast from the Indian Ocean over the area and from the passage of

tropical cyclones. This warmer season rainfall is mostly intense; generally isolated in

thunderstorms and more widespread from tropical cloud banks and cyclones. Cooler season

rainfall, generally from May to August results from the passage of winter cold fronts from the

southwest. These may bring less intense, more widespread rain for extended periods of up

to a week. The months from September to November are normally the driest months.



5.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY

The geomorphology of the study area is described in broad terms by Daniels (1969) in his

description of the Edmund 1:250,000 scale sheet area. The bulk of the tenement area is

underlain by granitic rocks (Figure 3) characterised by subdued topography with some broad

open flats and occasional rounded granitic hills with elevations to about 350 m AHD

(Australian Height Datum). Older metamorphic rocks that have been intruded by the granitic

rocks can have slightly higher elevations of up to 400 m AHD.

The far northeast of the Yangibana tenement area comprises rocks of the Bangemall Group

which cross the area from the northwest to southeast. This area is relatively high at up to

about 500 m AHD and relatively strongly dissected with some long, northwesterly trending

strike ridges, steep sided valleys and gorges.

The drainages in the area of the granitic rocks form a dendritic pattern and are located within

generally broader more gently sloping areas of alluvial deposition (Figure 4). The drainages

in the area of the Bangemall Group rocks are transitional between a dendritic and trellis

pattern and generally occupy narrower drainage lines with steeper sides, particularly where

they cross cut strike ridges. The largest drainages are the Lyons and Edmund Rivers

crossing the southern and western margins of the study area, respectively (Figure 1).

Yangibana and Fraser’s Creeks, tributaries of the Lyons River rise in the area of granitic

rocks and drain the tenement area. Pimbyana Creek, also a tributary of the Lyons River

drains the eastern parts of Yangibana tenement area and then rises in the area of Bangemall

Group rocks in the northeast. Rockhole Creek and Dingo Creek drain the northwest part of

the Yangibana tenement area and extend across the north of the area to rise in the area of

Bangemall Group rocks in the northeast.

5.3 VEGETATION

Vegetation of the broader area is set out by Martin et al. (2005) drawing on the published

regional vegetation mapping from 1975, 1981 and 1990. The area occurs south of a major

biogeographical boundary, the Acacia-Triodia line and as such is characterised by woody-

Acacia dominated vegetation occurring as scrub on the hills and low woodland on the plains.

Tall trees, comprising mainly species of Eucalyptus and Melaleuca, are confined to rivers

and major creeks. More detailed delineation of land systems and associated vegetation

within the Yangibana tenements, drawn from Department of Agriculture and Food, WA

(DAFWA) is provided by Ecoscape (2016b).



5.4 GROUNDWATER DEPENDANT ECOSYSTEMS

Baseline detailed biological surveys comprehensively defining groundwater dependant

ecosystems (GDE) are defined in a flora and vegetation survey report (Ecoscape, 2016b)

across a biological assessment study area within the Yangibana tenement area. Regionally,

surface GDE associated with phreatophytic vegetation can establish at sites of shallow

groundwater and at points of groundwater discharge (springs, soaks, groundwater supported

river pools etc.). Subsurface GDE occur below the watertable where water quality and

porosity is sufficient to support stygofauna. Troglofauna occur as GDE in geological layers

that provide air filled pockets and cavities where the presence of permanent groundwater

ensures that humidity levels are high enough to ensure their survival (Ecoscape, 2016a).

Surface GDE

Springs and soaks are not known to occur within the study area on the basis of available

data but the Geoscience Australia topographic data set shows a number of perennial pools

along the Lyons River, southwest of the proposed development, Rockhole Creek, northwest

of the proposed development and Pimbyana Creek, southeast of the proposed development

(Figure 1). Pools along Pimbyana Creek occur approximately 4 km southeast of the Fraser’s

deposit. Pools along Dingo Creek and Rock Hole Creek occur within about 3 and 7 km,

respectively of Yangibana North deposit and pools along the Lyons River are a minimum of

about 5 km from the Tongue prospect.

Data are not adequate to allow depth to groundwater to be accurately contoured in order to

delineate areas with shallow groundwater and therefore broader areas in which

phreatophytic vegetation would more likely occur. However, available waterlevel data

(Figure 5) suggests that groundwater levels are shallowest adjacent to/along drainage lines

and it would be these areas in which significant surface GDE are most likely to occur.

A vegetation type dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis was identified as a GDE by

Ecoscape (2016b). It largely corresponds with the Lyons and Edmund Rivers and major

tributaries of these, which are typically areas that contain large permanent pools. This

vegetation type occupies 447.6 ha (0.84%) of the biological assessment study area, but was

not mapped within the proposed development footprint.

Additional vegetation types characterised by Eucalyptus victrix that may represent GDE were

also identified by Ecoscape (2016b). In the biological assessment study area, these

correspond with drainage lines and outwash from these lines and with a large clay swamp



near the southern boundary. These vegetation types occupy 4283.3 ha (8%) of the

biological assessment study area of which 60.9 ha was mapped within the proposed

development footprint.

Stygofauna

Stygofauna sampling undertaken on behalf of Hastings was conducted by Ecoscape

(2016a). The sampling was undertaken over two phases at a total of 23 sites in exploratory

drill holes and at Andy’s Bore. All sites were located within the Yangibana tenement area

(Figure 2). Ten (10) species were recorded from eight of the sample sites and of these,

three taxa were considered likely to be of conservation concern (Ecoscape, 2016a).

Ecoscape concluded that the diversity of stygofauna is unlikely to be impacted by the

Yangibana Project due to the extent of the mining pits and associated drawdown but data on

predicted drawdown were not provided. Nonetheless, Hastings are currently conducting

further sampling at greater distance from the proposed development to establish with more

certainty the occurrence and nature of the stygofauna over a broader area.

It is assumed that stygofauna will be most abundant where porosity is highest below the

watertable. Within the study area this will likely be where secondary porosity has developed

through fracturing of basement rocks and through the development of solution channels and

cavities within both ironstone veins and calcrete. The mapped extent of the ironstone and

calcrete units is given in Figures 4 and 6, respectively.

Troglofauna

Troglofauna sampling for Hastings was carried out by Ecoscape (2016a). The sampling was

undertaken in two phases at a total of 34 drill holes by trapping and at 32 drill holes by

troglofauna scraping. All sites were located within the Yangibana tenement area. Eleven

(11) troglofauna specimens representing at least five species were recorded from five of the

sample sites. Of these, four species were considered likely to be of conservation concern

with the fifth having an unknown status due to the poor condition of the specimen (Ecoscape,

2016a).

Ecoscape (2016a) concluded that impacts of the Yangibana Project on troglofauna would be

mostly direct as their habitat is typically only removed through mine pit excavation. Indirect

impacts including vibration from blasting and stockpiles could also occur and although likely

to reduce population density, they are not likely to impact troglofauna species as a whole.

It is assumed that troglofauna will be most abundant where porosity is just above the

watertable. Within the study area this will likely be where secondary porosity has developed



through the development of solution channels and cavities within both ironstone veins and

calcrete. However, Ecoscape (2016a) found that troglofauna were found in several different

rock types, not restricted to ironstone and did not find any associated with calcrete. Further

sampling currently being undertaken at greater distance from the proposed development will

help to establish with more certainty the occurrence and nature of the troglofauna over a

broader area.

6 GEOLOGY

The area is located within the Gascoyne Province of the Capricorn Orogen, between the

Archaean Yilgarn Craton to the south, the Archaean Pilbara Craton to the north and

Phanerozoic Carnarvon Basin sediments to the west. The following is taken mostly from the

work of Martin et al. (2005), Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013) and the reporting of

Whittock (2016). The geology of the area is shown in Figures 3 and 4.

6.1 BASEMENT ROCKS

The study area is underlain mostly by Proterozoic metasedimentary basement rocks of the

Pooranoo Metamorphics, which consist of metamorphosed feldspathic sandstone and

psammitic schist and calc-silicate rocks. These have been intruded by Proterozoic granitic

rocks (specifically the Pimbyana and Yangibana Granites), which underlie the bulk of

Yangibana tenement area. The granitic rocks are fresh to weathered.

A sequence of rocks belonging to the Edmund Group of the Bangemall Supergroup overlie

the Pooranoo Metamorphics and the granites in large parts of the northeast and to a lesser

extent the region southwest to southeast of the Yangibana tenement area. These rocks

consist of variable lithologies including dolostone, dolomitic siltstone, massive and laminated

chert, mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate. Later dolerite and gabbro sills were

subsequently emplaced in the Edmund Group succession to the northeast of Yangibana

tenement area.

The earlier basement rocks have been intruded by later dolerite sills and dykes as well as

veins of ferrocarbonatite, ironstone and quartz of the Gifford Creek Ferrocarbonatite

Complex (GFC) as described by Pirajno and González-Álvarez (2013). The ironstone veins

have shallow (c. 10°) to steep (c. 65°) dips, consist of magnetite, hematite, and supergene

goethite and are locally weakly radioactive. Lenses and pods up to 10 m wide of massive to



vuggy iron oxide are contained within the veins. These are considered to have resulted from

later alteration of intruded ferrocarbonatites by hydrothermal iron oxides followed by

supergene alteration closer to the surface to produce massive goethite and gossanous

outcrop (Pirajno and González-Álvarez, 2013). They host the rare earth element (REE)

mineralisation of the proposed Project, and occur as sinuous pods and veins that are

traceable for up to 25 km (Whittock, 2016).

Basement Rock Structure

The basement rocks were subject to several phases of deformation causing shearing,

faulting and folding. Regional structural deformation of the area is extensive and is set out

by Johnson (2013). The Lyons Fault is the main structural feature throughout the area and

intrusion of the GFC veins is thought to be associated with this zone. Many other interpreted

faults are noted from the 1:100,000 scale geological mapping by GSWA (Figure 3) and at a

local scale within the Yangibana tenement area by Whittock (2016).

6.2 SUPERFICIAL STRATA

Cenozoic superficial strata covers much of the basement rocks in the study area. Martin et

al. (2005) subdivided the superficial strata into an extensive set of superficial units linked to

the physiographic division in which they occurred and their provenance. For the purposes of

this report, the set within the study area has been simplified into: calcrete, colluvium and

other transported and older residual units (excluding calcrete and saprolite), eluvium

(saprolite), more recent alluvium and lake deposits.

Calcrete

Dissected calcrete units occur scattered along the major drainage lines. The calcrete units

are characterised by a hard surface layer of brecciated and partly silicified calcrete underlain

by softer more friable material. These units consist mostly of vuggy calcrete with irregular,

lenticular, bedding parallel cavities. Veins and cavities can be filled by quartz cement,

especially in upper parts of the calcrete profile. The calcrete can be 30 m thick and possibly

up to 50 m thick (Thorpe, 1990), and is commonly partly eroded and degraded.

Colluvium and Other Transported and Residual Units

Colluvial units consist of locally derived quartz and rock fragments in a clay, silt and sand

matrix and form restricted aprons around rock outcrops. Colluvial material derived from

dolerite is often ferruginous and rich in swelling clay minerals and rock fragments. Colluvium

from Pooranoo Metamorphics can also be clayey. Siliciclastic material with calcrete cutans



and carbonate cement is derived from calcrete, and quartz-rich material associated with

quartz veins also occurs.

Partially and fully cemented and ferruginsed older alluvial units occur along flood plains

adjacent to the more recent alluvium in the upper reaches of drainages where they can form

partially dissected terraces above active channels. They can also occur as ferruginous,

cemented sheet-like deposits of older alluvium that blanket older rocks. They are

incorporated with the colluvial units in Figure 4.

Sheetwash deposits are best developed on gentle distal slopes adjacent to major drainages.

Quartzofeldspathic sand and silt wash is derived from granitic rocks. The upper surface of

some sheetwash units may be marked by a deflation lag of vein quartz and rock fragments.

Sheetwash deposits are less developed in areas of steeper slopes associated with the main

strike ridges.

Ferruginous duricrust ranges from thin cappings of bedded or vuggy ironstone with

disseminated quartz veins, to pisolitic laterite deposits up to 10 m thick. It is best developed

over Edmund Group rocks and dolerite sills in the northeast with small, scattered

occurrences developed over the metasedimentary rocks of the Pooranoo Metamorphics,

granitic rocks and over siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the Edmund Group where they

occur as outliers over the granitic rocks.

Dolomitic units within the Edmund Group are characterised by extensive development of

silcrete and brecciated siliceous caprock and silicified sandstone and conglomerate.

Scattered occurrences of ferruginous silcrete also occur.

Recent Alluvium

Extensive alluvial units composed of silt, sand, and gravel are present along the main

drainage lines. They can be clay-rich where derived from dolerite outcrops. The thickness is

as yet not documented in the area.

Eluvium

Outcrops of the granitic rocks can be covered in places with a veneer of locally derived,

weathered quartzofeldspathic rock in a sand and sandy clay matrix. At Fraser’s deposit

Whittock (2016) noted deeper intensely weathered saprolitic granite and clays in flatter,

outcrop-deficient areas but only shallow weathering profiles in areas of outcropping granite

and ironstone. At the Bald Hill deposit, significant depths of intense weathering were



observed in the hanging wall mineralisation. Intense weathering of granite to dominantly clay

and remnant quartz was observed to depths up to 50 m.

Lake Deposits

Fine-grained, unconsolidated lacustrine deposits occur in isolated claypans, perennial lakes,

and swamps; and low-lying areas with internal drainage. They are most abundant in the

southwest part of the province and along the line of the Edmund River and are usually thickly

vegetated. They commonly overlie older alluvium or sheetwash.

7 CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGY

Due to a paucity of groundwater data the hydrogeology of the study area is poorly defined,

although general characterisation is possible using the limited data and information available

from government records of stock bores and wells, geology, minerals exploration and the

very limited groundwater specific data and information.

The study area is not characterised by regional aquifers, rather aquifers are likely to be

present in superficial strata, where sufficiently thick and saturated and in basement rocks,

where fractured or weathered but in general, these will be isolated and effectively

disconnected from each other over much of the study area. Some degree of hydraulic

connection will occur locally depending on geological structure, weathering, landscape

position and aquifer geometry. Figure 7 schematically sets out the general conceptual

hydrogeology.

7.1 AQUIFERS

Most superficial units within the study area will be low permeability and/or unsaturated. In

general, only alluvium and/or calcrete in proximity to recharge along the main drainages are

aquifers with potential to supply useable, sustainable quantities of groundwater. Both units

would essentially act as one aquifer of variable extent, occasionally layered, and with highly

variable permeability; highest where solution channels and cavities are present in calcrete

and lowest where the strata is clayey.

Basement rocks in the study area will, in the main be very low permeability and could be

regarded as effectively impermeable throughout much of the area, although some zones of

very high permeability will occur. Permeability in basement rocks will be very high in the



vicinity of bedding plane partings and fractures from faulting, folding, intrusives and where

solution cavities and channels (vugs) have developed in ironstone veins. Large cavities were

identified as a significant feature of the mineralised zone at depth at the Fraser’s deposit

(Whittock, 2016). Permeability may also be relatively high where quartzose saprolite has

developed at the base of the weathered sections of granitic rocks above fresh granitic

basement. However, these zones of high permeability will likely account for only a

comparatively small part of the area.

Groundwater in superficial aquifers is likely to be generally unconfined but confined

groundwater will be present locally where the aquifer is overlain by low permeability units

such as clayey sections of calcrete or alluvium.

Groundwater in fractured rock aquifers is often unconfined but a degree of confinement can

occur where clayey weathered basement rock overlies either more sandy weathered strata

above the fresh basement rocks or fractures within the basement rocks. This can often be

the case in granitic basement rocks. Weathering in granites is noted as occurring in the

Yangibana tenement area but does not appear ubiquitous. Correspondingly, it is concluded

that that across the study area the aquifers will be mostly unconfined with confined

conditions occurring locally. A broader set of information across the Yangibana tenements

will assist this characterisation.

7.2 GROUNDWATER LEVELS

Available waterlevels from the study area are given in Figure 5. These are non-synoptic

having been obtained over an extended period of years and it is very difficult to make a

reliable assessment. However, while variations do occur there is a trend of shallowest

waterlevels (generally 10 m depth or less) closest to the drainage lines with waterlevel

depths increasing with distance from the drainage lines and up catchment where levels are

often 15 to 23 m depth.

In the terrain of granitic rocks intruded by veins and dykes within the Yangibana tenement

area, a watertable should be evident in all drill holes that penetrate to sufficient depths,

irrespective of drill hole location, although the time for recovery of the watertable in holes

drilled into low permeability strata will be extensive.

Ecoscape (2016a) recorded waterlevels in open and often angled drill holes of between

about 6 and 35 m depth during stygofauna sampling within the Yangibana mining leases.



Little seasonal variation in waterlevels was also observed during the sampling programs,

although with the nature of rainfall and recharge events, it is possible there may well be

significant natural variation in groundwater levels from season to season depending on those

factors.

Whittock (2016) observed waterlevels between 10 and 30 m depth at Yangibana West and a

correlation between zones of more intense weathering and a relatively shallow watertable.

This was also observed at Bald Hill South, with the suggestion this was related to the

increased porosity and permeability associated with weathering. This may be a function of

higher rates of recharge locally through these more permeable zones.

Whittock (2016) observed the watertable at Bald Hill to be strongly structurally controlled and

associated with a highly porous ironstone unit. The watertable was deeper in topographically

higher areas and also down dip of mineralisation in the southern portion of Bald Hill South,

where the ironstone unit dips more steeply. The watertable at Fraser’s deposit was found to

be between 30 to 40 m depth and also subject to structural control.

7.3 RECHARGE, FLOW AND DISCHARGE

The nature of rainfall in the region produces periods of high runoff to creeks and rivers. This

in turn produces sporadic recharge to permeable units; for example permeable alluvium and

calcrete along the drainages or where fractured basement rocks contact surface drainage

lines, in areas where the runoff is concentrated (Thorpe, 1990). Groundwater recharge by

direct infiltration of rainfall over the superficial units or fractured outcropping rocks will likely

be minor.

Estimates of groundwater recharge are not available for the study area but Skidmore (1996)

provided estimates of recharge to broad aquifer types throughout the Pilbara region including

for rocks on the Edmund 1:250,000 map sheet within the Ashburton River catchment, north

of the Yangibana tenement area. Correspondingly, aspects of that assessment are likely

relevant to this work as first pass estimates.

The significant geological units within the Yangibana tenement area could be broadly

regarded as granitic basement rocks (inclusive of Pooranoo Metamorphics), and

alluvium/calcrete around the margins of those basement rocks. Recharge from infiltration of

rainfall to granitic basement rocks in the Ashburton River catchment was estimated at 2% of

annual rainfall over outcrop (Skidmore, 1996). Assuming annual rainfall of 220 mm, then



recharge of about 1 GL/annum (equivalent to approximately 2800 m3/day) is estimated for

approximately 230 km2 of outcropping granitic rocks in the Yangibana tenement area.

As alluvium/calcrete aquifers along the surface drainages are recharged principally by

infiltration of accumulated runoff, recharge estimates were made on the basis of volumes per

kilometre of drainage line in contact with the unit (Skidmore, 1996). A recharge value of

90,000 m3/km/year was applied to a similar aquifer unit in the Ashburton catchment. Using

that value over the approximately 70 km of surface drainage associated with significant

sections of calcrete/alluvium within the Yangibana tenement area, recharge to the unit would

total about 6 GL/annum. This indicates recharge to the alluvium/calcrete by accumulated

runoff is the dominant mechanism across the study area.

Groundwater will flow from recharge areas, down hydraulic gradients, most likely in the

direction of surface water flow. Regional flow systems are not likely to be generated, rather

local flow systems will have established in response to aquifer distribution and geometry,

which is highly variable. Correspondingly, while the available data are as yet inadequate to

enable delineation of the watertable over a large area from which to map groundwater flow, it

is likely that the irregular geological structure and distribution of permeability would cause

both preferential groundwater flow paths and barriers to flow such that the watertable

configuration would be difficult to accurately construct and would appear irregular.

Groundwater discharge will occur via:

• groundwater flow down hydraulic gradient and out of the area,

• evaporation,

• transpiration from phreatophytes,

• groundwater pumping for water supplies, and

• discharge at springs, soaks and river pools depending on local geological structure,

topography, aquifer geometry and waterlevels.

7.4 STORAGE

Estimates of aquifer storage are not available for the area. However, storage coefficients

assumed for rocks on the Edmund 1:250,000 map sheet area within the Ashburton River

catchment (Skidmore, 1996) have been applied to the current Project for derivation of first

pass estimates.



In terms of volume, the significant geological units in the vicinity of the Yangibana prospects

are granitic basement rocks (inclusive of Pooranoo Metamorphics) and alluvium/calcrete

around the margins of those basement rocks. Granitic rocks were assigned a storage

coefficient of 0.05 and groundwater storage of 0.38 GL/km2 was estimated for the rocks in

the Ashburton catchment (Skidmore, 1996). Applying these values to the Yangibana

tenement area of approximately 645 km2 suggests storage in the basement rocks of about

245 GL. This would likely be the upper value and it is thought unlikely that this storage would

be accessible in a practicable way due to generally very low bore yields, apart from discrete

zones of higher permeability and limited connectivity between these zones.

The alluvium/calcrete aquifers along the surface drainages in the Ashburton River catchment

were assigned a storage coefficient of 0.1 and average groundwater storage of 3 GL/km2

(Skidmore, 1996). Applying these values to the area of calcrete (85 km2 outcrop and

subcrop) within the Yangibana tenement area suggests storage in calcrete of about 255 GL.

This may also be the upper value as some of the calcrete occurs in the upper catchment

areas, which may impact saturated thickness. Nonetheless, the estimates indicate the likely

proportional dominance (in terms of surface area) of storage in the superficial strata as

compared to that in the basement rocks.

7.5 GROUNDWATER SALINITY

Lowest salinity groundwater will occur closest to areas of higher volumes of recharge. This

is likely to occur mostly through infiltration of accumulated runoff along drainage lines.

Groundwater salinity will increase with time after recharge events and with distance from

recharge areas.

Available WIN data are non-synoptic having been obtained over an extended period of many

years and quite likely of limited reliability. Many of the earlier readings would likely have

been obtained using early model electrical conductivity bridges known to have limited

accuracy. Nonetheless, the available data indicate wide variability in groundwater salinity

across the broader area ranging from 130 mg/L TDS in Alma Well along the Alma River,

west of the Yangibana tenement area to 12,590 mg/L TDS in Newell Well south of the Lyons

River about 35 km southwest of the tenement area (Figure 8). The median salinity value

from available data is 1390 mg/L. Groundwater salinity within the Yangibana tenement area

ranges from 1350 to 4000 mg/L, which is relatively high and if representative, reflects limited

aquifer recharge.



7.6 BORE CAPACITIES

Bore capacities from the study area are effectively unknown but it is likely that high bore

yields in basement rocks will be encountered in discrete, narrow zones of very high

permeability. These are associated with fractures around bedding plane partings, faulting,

folding, intrusives, where solution cavities and channels have developed in ironstone veins

and where quartzose saprolite is developed over fresh granitic rocks. It is likely that initial

high discharge rates encountered by drilling will diminish relatively quickly with longer term

pumping as permeability (and correspondingly storage) outside the discrete high permeability

zones will be very low.

High bore yields will also likely be encountered in thick sections of alluvium/calcrete where

solution channels and cavities are encountered in the vicinity of drainage lines. Initially high

yields in these aquifers are likely to be sustainable for longer periods (depending on actual

aquifer extent and geometry) due to the much larger storage associated with these

superficial aquifers compared to the basement rock aquifers. However, the unit is also closer

to GDE associated with the surface drainage lines and shallower groundwater and potentially

to stygofauna and troglofauna with implications for management of abstraction should

successful water bores be located within it.

Discharge rates within the WIN data are listed for eleven (11) bores and wells over the study

area. These range from 2 to 109 m3/day and average 37 m3/day. However, these values

were not likely derived from analysis of controlled test pumping and most likely reflect pump

capacity rather than bore capacity. This probably skews the values lower as many of the

bores would be equipped with windmills or small capacity solar pumps.

Within the Yangibana Project area, several dedicated water bores are listed in the drill hole

database (BHWB001A, FRWB001, YGWB001 and YGWB002). There is effectively no

capacity data that can confidently be attributed to these bores but limited database

annotations and anecdotal advice from Hastings is that the bores are of either low or

unknown capacity. Other database notes suggest that at least two mineral exploration drill

holes associated with large water intersections in ironstone veins have potential for higher

capacity (BRC082 and FRCC009). The ironstone veins at Bald Hill deposit were observed to

be commonly vuggy and friable and the mineralised zone at depth at Fraser’s deposit was

described as extremely vuggy, with drilling identifying large cavities associated with large

volumes of water (Whittock, 2016). High bore yields could be expected where such vuggy

zones are intersected below the watertable.



Data are available for a brief period of test pumping at low yields carried out on a PVC cased

bore named YGBWB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September 2016). Drill hole YGBWB1 is

not listed in the drill hole database provided and it may be that the bore is YGWB001, which

is listed in the database as a water bore. The test was conducted at a flow rate of 22 m3/day

for about 15 minutes during which 0.7 m drawdown occurred. The analyses was not set out

in a formal report but working sheets provided predicted that 24-hour drawdown at a

discharge rate of about 1000 m3/day might be 22 m. The prediction is based on a two order

of magnitude increase of the test discharge rate and from only 15 minutes of pumping so

cannot be regarded with anything other than caution but nonetheless, the predicted 24-hour

drawdown is significant.

Additional information on ATC Williams Figure YB1 (L. Jefferson, pers. comm., September

2016) shows the location of mineral exploration holes at Yangibana deposit where ‘water

strikes’ were recorded. The figure shows about 7 of 135 drill holes have ‘water strikes’ but

the nature or details of the ‘water strike’ are not provided and the implications of that in terms

of bore capacities are not clear. Of note is hole YWRC003, listed on Figure YB1 as

encountering a ‘water strike’, there is no such information in the drill hole database provided

indicating that another source of information on ‘water-strikes’ exists within the Hastings data

sets. This may be drillers day sheets, geologists notes etc. This type of information has

potential to focus groundwater exploration efforts around and within the proposed pits saving

significant funds. This information should be systematically evaluated to assist targeting of

exploratory groundwater drilling for test production bores prior to expending resources on

groundwater exploration drilling for dewatering or water supply.

8 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE YANGIBANA RARE EARTHS PROJECT

The Yangibana Project incorporates mining below the watertable in several open cut pits

requiring dewatering and provision of water supplies for processing, dust suppression,

potable supplies and other site activities. Groundwater abstraction will cause drawdown that

will impact areas surrounding pumping bores (for example stygofauna and troglofauna) but

the extent and nature of the drawdown impact is not yet clear as very little groundwater work

has been undertaken to date. Confidence on the conceptual hydrogeology is also limited by

the lack of available data. Nonetheless, the conceptualisation has been made and the

following are points that emerge for consideration;



• The ironstone veins hosting the ore body(s) are aquifers of local significance with high

permeability where solution channels and cavities are developed within the ironstone.

However, outside of these discrete zones, the ironstone is more massive and

permeability will be generally very low.

• Large areas of calcrete occur along the surface drainage lines and with alluvium form

a significant local aquifer. The calcrete may be as much as 30 to 50 m thick.

Solution channels and cavities occur in the calcrete.

• Stygofauna and troglofauna have been recovered from Yangibana Project area

exploratory drill holes that have intersected granite and ironstone and from Andy’s

Bore located in an area of calcrete between Kane’s Gossan prospect and Bald Hill

deposit. The chances are high that both stygofauna and troglofauna will occur in

other sections of vuggy calcrete and ironstone and possibly in fractured basement

rocks throughout the study area.

• The granite at the margins of the ironstone veins will be of very low relative

permeability apart from discrete zones of secondary porosity developed due to

fracturing from faults or intrusives or from weathering to form permeable saprolite,

which may be relatively thick in places.

• Dewatering will likely be achievable through relatively simple design with interception

bores at the ends of the pits intersecting inflows along ironstone veins. Depending on

lead times, mine scheduling, actual aquifer parameters and structures/weathering in

the ironstone veins and the adjoining granitic rocks, in-pit bores and/or sumps and

other bordering bores could be utilised. Further work is required to assess this.

• Elliptical cones of depression are expected to develop during dewatering, and to

extend rapidly over significant distance along the veins and relatively short distance in

the bordering lower permeability granitic rocks. As such, while pumping from one

section of ironstone may cause significant drawdown along strike, drawdown impacts

across strike may not extend far, which has implications for the occurrence and

continuance of stygofauna and troglofauna in unmined areas across strike. Further

work is required to assess this.



• Yields of water bores drilled into ironstone will likely be low based on the available

data with occasional high to very high initial bore yields where solution channels and

cavities are intersected. However, the lack of groundwater drilling data and

groundwater observations from mineral exploration drilling hampers the

understanding and it is possible that the ironstone could be more prospective for

higher initial bore yields over larger areas.

• The generally low storage in the ironstone veins and bordering granitic rocks will

cause high bore yields to decline relatively quickly with extended pumping as storage

depletes. Higher bore yields would be prolonged where the cone of depression

intersects sufficient interconnected secondary porosity but the chances of this

occurring often are considered low on the basis of the currently available information.

• At this stage, in generating Project water budgets it’s important not to overestimate

the volumes of water available from dewatering due to the generally low aquifer

storage in the ironstone veins and bordering granitic rocks.

9 CONCLUSIONS

The Hastings proposed Yangibana Project incorporates mining below the watertable of

several ore bodies hosted in narrow, dipping ironstone veins that have been intruded through

granitic country rock and can be traced over tens of kilometres. The ironstone veins and

adjacent granitic rocks form basement rock aquifers. The ironstone veins are massive to

vuggy with correspondingly variable permeability. The granitic country rock is also of

variable permeability; mostly low through the bulk of the rock with discrete zones of high

permeability where fractures occur or where weathering has produced zones of quartzose

sand above the fresh granite. Groundwater storage will be low in these units due to limited

porosity.

Alluvium and calcrete associated with main drainage lines will form shallow aquifers with

overall comparatively higher permeability to that in the ironstone veins or granitic rocks. The

highest permeability will be associated with solution channels and cavities in the calcrete.

Groundwater storage will be higher in these units due to greater overall porosity.

Groundwater recharge to the aquifers from direct infiltration of rainfall will be low due to the

low average rainfall and its sporadic nature. The rainfall is mostly high intensity and



infiltration of accumulated runoff is correspondingly the greatest source of recharge. This will

be enhanced where aquifer units contact drainage lines and higher volumes of recharge to

the alluvial/calcrete aquifer units can be expected compared to the basement rock aquifers.

Recharge to the basement rock aquifers will occur preferentially where permeable zones

contact surface drainages or overlying shallow alluvial/calcrete aquifers.

Groundwater will move down hydraulic gradient from areas of recharge, nominally in the

direction of surface water flow. A regional groundwater flow system is unlikely to be

established with more local, structurally controlled systems probable. Correspondingly, while

the available data are as yet inadequate to enable delineation of the watertable over a large

area, it is likely that the watertable configuration would appear irregular due to irregular

geological structure and highly variable permeability causing both preferential flow paths and

barriers to flow.

Groundwater salinity is variable and values derived within Yangibana tenement area range

from about 1350 to 4000 mg/L. This is relatively high and if representative, reflects limited

aquifer recharge.

Bore yields are likely to be highly variable. They can be expected to be initially high to very

high where higher permeability zones are intersected and very low elsewhere. As the bulk of

the geology has low permeability, non-systematically targeted groundwater drilling will likely

have low rates of success. Success rates for groundwater drilling will be highest where the

focus is on systematic exploration for zones of higher permeability.

Initial discharge rates of bores in basement rock can be expected to decline relatively quickly

with long-term pumping due to the low groundwater storage in these aquifers. Potentially

higher sustainable average bore yields with less drawdown occur in the alluvial/calcrete

aquifers associated with the surface drainages bordering the granitic rocks.

Dewatering of pits to mine ore bodies will likely be achievable through relatively simple

design with interception bores at the ends of the pits intersecting inflows along ironstone

veins possibly with in-pit bores and/or sumps and other bordering bores.

Elliptical cones of depression are expected to develop during dewatering, and to extend

rapidly over significant distance along the veins and relatively short distance in the bordering

lower permeability granitic rocks. As such, while pumping from one section of ironstone may

cause significant drawdown along strike, drawdown impacts across strike may not extend far.



However, detailed hydrogeological investigation is required to establish actual dewatering

requirements and predicted impacts. Continued geological work on structural features

associated with the ore bodies, ground-based VLF electromagnetic geophysical surveying

and comprehensive review of data accompanying minerals exploration drilling undertaken to

date will be a major benefit in focussing the field groundwater exploration effort.

Stygofauna and troglofauna species have been recovered from mineral exploration holes

intersecting the ore bodies. Further sampling is being undertaken over a wider area to better

understand the stygofauna and troglofauna communities locally and regionally. Stygofauna

and troglofauna habitat is known to occur within alluvial/calcrete aquifers and ironstone veins

because of the presence of solution channels and cavities. Targets for sampling may

therefore include existing stock bores and wells often in the vicinity of the alluvial/calcrete

aquifers and mineral exploration holes that may have been drilled into ironstone veins across

strike from those currently planned for mining.

10 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Investigate potential for DoW surface water licence 174568 to impact the Project.

2. Detail the Project water requirements (processing, dust suppression, potable supply

etc.) against which potential dewatering and water supply aspects can be assessed

and a project water budget generated.

3. Undertake a systematic groundwater exploration program to establish site

groundwater conditions and evaluate dewatering and water supply requirements.

a. Complete a detailed evaluation of the full records of the exploratory minerals

drilling undertaken on the prospects to date to enable delineation of zones of

potentially high permeability both in and around each proposed pit.

b. Evaluate the geological structure (faults, quartz veins, dykes etc.) in and

around each pit as interpreted by Hastings geologists.

c. Undertake rapid terrain coverage, ground-based VLF electromagnetic

geophysical surveying across the delineated features to assess dip direction

of targets for exploratory groundwater and drilling rig placement.



d. Generate a set of nominal exploratory groundwater drilling sites throughout

the project area and obtain DoW 26D licence(s) to allow exploratory

groundwater drilling and testing to be undertaken.

e. Complete test production bores at sites indicating sufficient potential for

relatively high yields of groundwater.

f. Complete monitoring bores at sites that do not indicate sufficient potential for

high yields and around sites of successful test production bores.

g. Undertake test pumping of successful bores, monitoring both the production

bores as well as dedicated monitoring bores to enable delineation of pumping

cones of depression for assessment of impacts.

h. Use data acquired to generate numerical groundwater models to enable

pumping scenarios with predictions of drawdown impacts and for subsequent

applications to the DoW for 5C licence(s) for groundwater allocations.

11 REFERENCES

Daniels, J. L., 1967, Edmund, W.A. (1st edition) Sheet SF 50-14: Western Australia

Geological Survey, 1:250 000 Geological Series.

Daniels, J. L., 1969, Edmund, W.A.: Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:250 000

Geological Series Explanatory Notes, 20p.

Davidson, W. A., 1973, Report on groundwater prospects, Wanna Station – via Carnarvon:

Western Australia Geological Survey, Hydrogeology Report 1142 (unpublished).

Ecoscape, 2016a, Yangibana Project biological assessment: Subterranean fauna: for

Hastings Rare Metals, Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd, Draft Report 10108-3397-15R

(unpublished).



Ecoscape, 2016b, Yangibana Project biological assessment: Flora and vegetation: for

Hastings Rare Metals Ltd, Ecoscape (Australia) Pty Ltd, Draft Report 10079-3397-

15R (unpublished).

Johnson, S. P., 2013, The birth of supercontinents and the Proterozoic assembly of Western

Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 78p.

Martin, D. McB., Sheppard, S., and Thorne, A. M., 2005, Geology of the Maroonah,

Ullawarra, Capricorn, Mangaroon, Edmund, and Elliott Creek 1:100 000 sheets:

Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:100 000 Geological Series Explanatory

Notes.

Pirajno, F. and González-Álvarez, I., 2013, The ironstone veins of the Gifford Creek

ferrocarbonatite complex, Gascoyne Province: Geological Survey of Western

Australia, Record 2013/12, 19p.

Skidmore, D. J. P., 1996, Groundwater resources of major catchments in the Pilbara Region,

Western Australia: Water and Rivers Commission, WA, Hydrogeology Report 35

(unpublished).

Thorpe, P. M., 1990, Groundwater prospects - Wanna: Western Australia Geological Survey,

Hydrogeology Report 1990/R3 (unpublished).

Whittock, K., 2016, Combined group report C265/2008 for the period 1st December 2014 to

the 30th November 2015, Yangibana Project, Upper Gascoyne Region, Western

Australia: Hastings Technology Metals LTD, Report, C265/2008 (unpublished).

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FrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasersFrasers



Western Australia

Project Area

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Yangibana Mining Lease

YangibanaTenements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Surface Drainage

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Road

Yangibana Prospect/Deposit

DoW - Water Register Drawpoint Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig1.WOR

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! River Pool - Perennial

Figure 1. Location

Study AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy AreaStudy Area

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NEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLTWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)

M19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BORE

BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19

Buffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer Bore

Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)

DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17

(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL

No 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 WellNo 35 Well

Ronan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan Bore

COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32

E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2

MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)

CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12

Cardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar Well

COMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANYCOMPANY

DRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BORE

W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)

GRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELL

BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10

E9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELL

NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8NO 1 BORE E8

E13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELL

RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18


E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1

NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33M31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELL

FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1

HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11

SEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELL

(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE

M35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELL

(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE

STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)

OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34

M18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELL

STONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELLSTONE TANK WELL

WEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELL

SKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELL

TWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELL

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E




EDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVER

PELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELL

FRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELLFRY WELL

OSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELL

BILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELL

WELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELL

M20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BORE

WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)

E22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELL

M 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELL

(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE

E24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BORE

HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE

ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)

A23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELL

(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE

JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)

RANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELL

HART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BORE

FIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELL

STAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELL

DISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELL

BROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELL


BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)

EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)

SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29

FERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BORE


BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25

BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)

BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)

DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19

GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)

STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)

PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10

(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE

ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)

E15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELL

E16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BORE

E14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BORE

YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2

SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26

BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1

JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2

BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4


O'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CONO'CON

ION WELLION WELLION WELLION WEION WEION WEION WEION WEION WE

DEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BORE


CLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELL

COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3

W28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELL

DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2

PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4

W15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELL

W22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SUW24 SU

MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25

W26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELL

BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1

TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5

SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6

HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8

W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)

W30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELL


JUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELL

Tabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop Well

Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)

Dockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers Bore

Foxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys Bore

Needle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill Bore

Ginnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka Well


Nelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson Bore

Burridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges Well

Elliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot Well

Bond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond Bore

Dog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool Bore

Weedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra Bore

Fletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher Bore

Robs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs Bore

Duck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck Bore

Harry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry Bore

Edmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund Well

- ! Water/ Bore/Well (DoW)

Stygofauna Sample Site(Ecoscape, 2016)




555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515

Figure 2. Bore/Well Locations



Yangibana Tenements !

Surface Drainage

Homestead

Road

Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig2.WOR


400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E

420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E420000m

E

440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E



Granitic Rocks

Pooranoo Metamorphics

Morrissey Metamorphics

Bagemall Supergroup Rocks - and other basinal Proterozoic rocks

Larger Dolerite Sills and DykesIronstone Vein

Quartz vein

Dolerite Dyke

Fault (mapped or inferrred)


YangibanaTenements

444444444 000000000 444444444 888888888 121212121212121212 161616161616161616




MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50MGA, GDA94 Zone 50Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig3.WOR

Figure 3. Simple Geology

Yangibana Prospect /Deposit



440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

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mE

400000

mE

Calcrete

Calcrete subcrop

Eluvium and other relict superficial deposits

Colluvium, older consolidated dissectedalluvium, scree and wash.

AlluviumIronstone Vein

Quartz vein

Dolerite Dyke

Fault (mapped or inferrred)


YangibanaTenements

444444444 000000000 444444444 888888888 121212121212121212 161616161616161616






Figure 4. Surface Geology

Yangibana Prospect/Deposit

Granitic Rocks


Morrissey Metamorphics

Bagemall Supergroup Rocks - and other Proterozoic basinal rocks

Larger Dolerite Sills and Dykes

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400000m

E400000m

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E400000m

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E

440000m

E440000m

E440000m

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E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E



9.39.39.39.39.39.39.39.39.3

22.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2522.2517.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.0717.07

5.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.49

12.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.19 9.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.14

6.16.16.16.16.16.16.16.16.1

16.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.7616.769.759.759.759.759.759.759.759.759.755.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.495.49

4.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.27

20.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.1220.12




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350350350350350350350350350400400400400400400400400400 350350350350

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450450450450450450450450450500

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300300300300300300300300300

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400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400

500500500500500500500500500

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300300300300300300300300

400400400400400400400400400300

300300300300300300300300

400400400400400400400400400 450

450450450450450450450450

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400400400400400400400400400

300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

350350350350350350350350350

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300300300300300300300300300

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400400400400400400400400400

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50

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400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

500500500500500500500500500

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400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

350

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400400400400400

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040

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400

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50

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00

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350350350350350350350350350 400

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300300300300300300300300300

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300300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300

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300300300300300300300300300

300

300

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300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300

300300300300300300300300 300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300 300300300300

300300300300300300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300 300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

350350350350350350350350350

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

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300

300

300

300

300

300300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

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300

300

300

300

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300

300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300

300300300300300300300300 300

300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300 300300300300300300300300300

350350350350350350350350350

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300 300300300300

300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

30

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

0

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

30030

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

0

300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

300

300

300

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300

300

300

300

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300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300300300

300300300300300300

30

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

030

0300

300

300300

300300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

300300300300300300300300300

300300300300300300300300300 350350350350350350350350350

000000000 000000000000000000000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

40

040

040

040

040

040

040

040

040

0

400400400400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400

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400

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400400400400400400400400400

400

400

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400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400 4

00

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

40

040

040

040

040

040

040

040

040

0

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

350350350350350350350350350

400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

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400

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400

400

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4004

00

400

400

400

400

400

400

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040

040

040

040

040

040

040

040

0400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400

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400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

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400400

400400400400400400400400

400

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400400400400400400400400400

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400400

400400

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400

400

400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400400

400400

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400

400400400400

400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400 400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400 400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

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400

400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400

400

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400400400400400400400400400

350350350350350350350350350

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400400400400400400400400400 400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400400400400

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400400400400400400400400400 400

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00

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40

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0

400400400400400400400400400

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400

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0400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400400 400

400400400400400400400400

400

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400 400400400400400400400400400400400400

400400400400400400

350350350350350350350350350

7.37.37.37.37.37.37.37.37.3101010101010101010

8.48.48.48.48.48.48.48.48.4

10.610.610.610.610.610.610.610.610.6

10.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.2

30.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.48

30.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.4830.48

11.8911.8911.8911.8911.8911.8911.8911.8911.8914.3314.3314.3314.3314.3314.3314.3314.3314.33

4.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.274.27 5.185.185.185.185.185.185.185.185.18

6.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.71

4.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.57

9.459.459.459.459.459.459.459.459.45

0.910.910.910.910.910.910.910.910.91

777777777

8.858.858.858.858.858.858.858.858.8518.7518.7518.7518.7518.7518.7518.7518.7518.759.99.99.99.99.99.99.99.99.9

6.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.85777777777

5.95.95.95.95.95.95.95.95.9

20.520.520.520.520.520.520.520.520.5

7.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.92

9.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.14

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.29

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.29

13.7213.7213.7213.7213.7213.7213.7213.7213.72

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.29

10.3610.3610.3610.3610.3610.3610.3610.3610.36

12.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.19

8.238.238.238.238.238.238.238.238.23

3.963.963.963.963.963.963.963.963.96

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.29

12.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.1912.19

15.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.24

9.59.59.59.59.59.59.59.59.5

101010101010101010

10.410.410.410.410.410.410.410.410.4

101010101010101010

4.84.84.84.84.84.84.84.84.8

3.253.253.253.253.253.253.253.253.25

4.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.57

9.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.149.14

22.5622.5622.5622.5622.5622.5622.5622.5622.56

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.29

45.7245.7245.7245.7245.7245.7245.7245.7245.72

3.053.053.053.053.053.053.053.053.05

27.4327.4327.4327.4327.4327.4327.4327.4327.43

18.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2918.2915.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.2415.24

4.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.574.57



! Homestead




555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515- Water/Bore/Well - Waterlevel (m bgl)


YangibanaTenements Surface Elevation Contour (m AHD)

Figure 5. Groundwater Levels



Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

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NEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLNEWELL WELLTWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)TWELVE MILE WELL (Number One Camp)

W24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BOREW24 SUSPENSE BORE

ION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELLION WELL

O'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELLO'CONNOR WELL

STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)STAR OF MANGAROON BORE (A6)

(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE(A18) TWO PEAKS BORE

M19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BOREM19 JINNABUCKA BORE

BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19BOBAMINDAGEE BORE E19

Buffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer BoreBuffer Bore

Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)Well (abd)

DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17DEEP BORE M17

(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL(M30) ALMA OUTCAMP WELL


Ronan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan BoreRonan Bore

COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32COORABIA WELL M32

E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2E23 OLD EDMUND HSTD NO 2 WELL NO 2

MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21MINGA WELL E21Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)

CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12CARDIBAR BORE W12

Cardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar WellCardibar Well


DRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BOREDRY CORNER BORE

W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)W20 WANNA BORE (OLD)

GRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLGRIFFITH WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELLDEEP WELL

BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10BLUFF BORE E10

E9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELLE9 CARNABYS WELL


E13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELLE13 SHEARING SHED WELL

RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18RAM PADDOCK BORE E18


E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1E7 OLD EDMUND HSTD WELL NO 1

NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33NORTH WELL M33M31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELLM31 ALMA HOUSE WELL

FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1FRASER WELL F1

HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11HENDERSON BORE W11

SEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELLSEVENTEEN MULE WELL

(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE(M29) JAMES BORE

M35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELLM35 TWO PEAKS WELL

OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37OLD ALMA WELL M37

POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34POORINOO WELL M34

M18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELLM18 OLD DEEP WELL


WEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELLWEST MINNIE WELL

SKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLSKUTHORPES WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELLEAST MINNIE WELL

TWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELLTWENTY SIX MILE WELL

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

400000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE

440000

mE




EDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVEREDMUND RIVER

PELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELLPELT WELL


OSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELLOSBOURNE WELL

BILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELLBILLABONG WELL

WELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELLWELL

M20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BOREM20 MIATHUNY BORE

WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)WHITE BORE (M36)

E22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELLE22 WANDOO WELL

M 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELLM 38 MIDDLE WELL

(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE(A24) MURCHISOIN BORE

E24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BOREE24 SUNDAY BORE

HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3HAWKES NEST BORE F3(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE(A 21) RIVER BORE

ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)ALMA WELL (A22)

A23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELLA23 ALMA WELL

(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE(A5) LEAD MINE BORE

JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)JAMES WELL (M29)

RANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELLRANGE WELL

HART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BOREHART BORE

FIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLFIVE MILE WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLJOHNSON WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELLSIX MILE WELL

STAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELLSTAR WELL

DISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELLDISASTER WELL

BROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELLBROCKMAN WELL


BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)BULLOCKS BORE (U2)

EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)EDMUND BORE (W27)

SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29SUGARLOAF BORE W29

FERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BOREFERRIERS BORE


BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25BOORIE BORE E25

BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)BENBAGEON WELL (W16)

BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)BOOGARDI BORE (W17)

DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)DINGO WELL (W18)COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19COOBAROO BORE W19

GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)GAP BORE (E17)

STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)STONE TANK WELL (W9)

PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10PIMBIANA BORE W10

(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE(W13) WALLABY BORE

ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)ROADSIDE BORE (W14)

E15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELLE15 CONTESSE WELL

E16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BOREE16 RED HILL BORE

E14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BOREE14 HOMESTEAD BORE

YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2YANGIBANA BORE F2

SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26SOUTH BORE U26

BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1BILLYS BORE E1

JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2JULA BORE E2

BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4BOUNDARY BORE E4


DEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BOREDEEP BORE


CLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELLCLARKE WELL

COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3COODARDO WELL W3

W28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELLW28 BANDEE WELL

DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2DELIA WELL W2

PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4PINGANDI BORE W4

W15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELLW15 CUTHARRA WELL

W22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BOREW22 NOONAROO BORE

MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25MOONDINE WELL W25

W26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELLW26 TRINITY WELL

BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1BLUE BUSH WELL W1

TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5TERMINUS BORE W5

SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6SWAMP BORE W6

HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7HOUSE WELL W7SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8SHEARING SHED BORE W8

W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)W21 WANNA BORE (NEW)

W30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELLW30 WEENA WELL


JUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELLJUDY'S WELL

Tabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop WellTabletop Well

Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)Bore/Well (unknown name)

Dockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers BoreDockers Bore

Foxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys BoreFoxys Bore

Needle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill BoreNeedle Hill Bore

Ginnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka WellGinnabooka Well


Nelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson BoreNelson Bore

Burridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges WellBurridges Well

Elliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot WellElliot Well

Bond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond BoreBond Bore

Dog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool BoreDog Pool Bore

Weedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra BoreWeedarra Bore

Fletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher BoreFletcher Bore

Robs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs BoreRobs Bore

Duck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck BoreDuck Bore

Harry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry BoreHarry Bore

Edmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund WellEdmund Well

-

!

Water/Bore/Well (DoW)

Stygofauna Sample Site(Ecoscape, 2016)




555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515

Figure 6. Calcrete Extent



YangibanaTenements

!

Surface Drainage

Homestead

Road

Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WORGlobal Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\YangibanaReportFig6.WOR

Calcrete

Calcrete Subcrop



Pimbyana and Yangibana Granites

Bangemall Supergroup Rocks

Dolerite - Gabbro Sills

Dolerite Dykes

Ironstone Veins

Quartz Veins

Calcrete

Alluvium Weathered - Low permeability eluvium

Weathered - Higher permeability saprolite

Fractures - Solution Channels and Cavities

Faults

Watertable

Mapable

Difficult to immediately establish

Secondary Porosity Freatures

Main Aquifers

Recharge

Hydraulic Characteristics

A series of generally discontinuous aquifers, often disconnected and of mostly limited extent. Psuedo discontinuous watertable.

- Alluvium holds groundwater in primary porosity but has generally limited extent and is thin with little saturated thickness.

- Calcrete holds groundwater in secondary porosity of solution channels and cavities but can be clayey.

Occurs mostly where accumulated runoff coincides with alluvium-calcrete and structure with less direct infiltration of rainfall over outcrop.

Permeability will be extremely high where solution channels and cavities or open fractures are developed and may be high in saprolite but will be very low elsewhere.

- Ironstone veins hold groundwater in secondary porosity of soultion channels and cavities but are of limited extent.

Alluvium and calcrete along the larger drainages, ironstone veins where secondary porosity developed, saprolite where developedabove fresh granites and ocassional fractures in basement rocks.

- Saprolite developed over fresh granitic basement rocks will hold water in secondary porosity but its extent is unknown.

Storage very low overall. Greatest storage will occur in saturated alluvium and calcrete as well as saprolite and lowerpermeability eluvium over saprolite.

Yangibana Project Implications

Mostly low bore yields. May be very high in ironstone veins and calcrete where solution channels and cavities intersected and in fractures.

Mostly low storage causing initially high yields to decline relatively quickly with extended pumping.

Steep cones of depression extending rapidly over significant distance along structure/ironstone veins, extending relatively short distance in lower permeability units.

Relatively simple dewatering design likely.

Main Hydrogeological Characteristics

Conceptual Hydrogeology Yangibana Area - Schematic Section

Broad Units

- Fractures in basement rocks will hold water in secondary posrosity but will be almost impermeable where fresh and unfractured.

Opportunities for occurence of stygofauna highest in secondary porosity of ironstone veins and calcrete.

Figure 7. Conceptual Hydrogeology - Schematic Section

Global Groundwater Ref:\\1246g\\Schematic\YangibanaReportFig7.WOR

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400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E400000m

E

440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E440000m

E






1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500

130130130130130130130130130

426426426426426426426426426

3,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,1003,100

1,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,1601,160

1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400

12,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,59012,590



2,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,3102,310

1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050

820820820820820820820820820

4,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,0404,040

2,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,6302,630

2,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,5402,540

1,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,3801,380

1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050

1,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,6051,605

5,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,1805,180

650650650650650650650650650

7,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,550

3,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,5003,500

1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400800800800800800800800800800 1,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,000

1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500

1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000

300300300300300300300300300

1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300

9,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,4009,400

4,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,2004,200

820820820820820820820820820

2,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,400 5,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2005,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,2007,200

2,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,6002,600

1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300

1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300

2,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,5002,500

2,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,900

1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200

1,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,060

1,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,2501,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,8951,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,000

4744744744744744744744744746,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,470

1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300

3,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,7003,700

950950950950950950950950950

270270270270270270270270270

950950950950950950950950950

2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000

1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200

4,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,100

1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050 2,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,2502,250

2,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,6502,650

1,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,6001,600

2,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,4002,400710710710710710710710710710

2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000

1,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,3501,350

4,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,0004,000

3,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,9303,930 486486486486486486486486486

900900900900900900900900900

850850850850850850850850850

1,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,9001,900

1,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,1901,190

800800800800800800800800800

9509509509509509509509509501,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,1001,100

790790790790790790790790790

450450450450450450450450450

1,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,5601,560

1,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,7101,710

720720720720720720720720720

250250250250250250250250250

1,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,1201,120

4,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,9004,900

1,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,3001,300

2,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,9002,900

850850850850850850850850850

1,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,040

1,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,0401,040

1,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,4001,400

1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050975975975975975975975975975

2,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,0002,000

8508508508508508508508508502,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,8002,800

2,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,450

2,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,1002,100

2,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,4502,450 1,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,0501,050

1,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,5001,500

! Homestead




555555555 000000000 555555555 101010101010101010 151515151515151515- Water/Bore/Well - Salinity (mg/L)


Yangibana Tenements

Figure 8. Groundwater Salinity



Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Lyons River

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Alm

a R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Edmund R

iver

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Frase

r Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Roc

k Hole

Cre

ek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Yangibana Creek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Pim

byan

a Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Dingo Cre

ek

Road

appendix 4-1 conceptual hydrogeological assessment · 2018-09-27 · the conceptual hydrogeology of...

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