APPENDIX A

Read the article below and do the tasks for your assignment.

1

2

3

4

5

6

It's Time to Ban Smoking in America

Although smoking is a proven killer, Americans (0)waste Billions of dollars each year on tobacco products. Other drugs that are harmful, such as crack or marijuana, are illegal in the United States. However, the use of cigarettes, which kills millions worldwide annually, is perfectly legal. If certain harmful substances are illegal, then cigarettes should not be permitted either.

Smoking has several harmful (1)effects on the body. Cigarettes (2)cause eighty-five percent of lung cancer and are responsible for thirty percent of all deaths resulting from cancer. (Bartecchi, 49) People who have smoked for a significant period of time will have noticeable problems breathing and will most likely be in poor health. One out of four (3)deaths of people thirty-five to sixty- four years old result from smoking. On the average, every cigarette takes five and a half minutes of life away (4)from a smoker. (Bartecchi, 46) Although restrictions have been placed on the use of cigarettes in public areas such as restaurants and airplanes, the US has yet to place a ban on smoking. The government (5)frequently inspects items sold to the American public. Commercial products that may be dangerous such as food, cars, and toys have been recalled in order for alterations. In the August 1995 issue (6)of consumer reports, twenty- four products were recalled because of possible dangers to the consumer. These products included a car that may lose a wheel while in motion, a hair dryer that poses a fire hazard, and cookies that can cause an allergic reaction. (Consumer Reports, 500) Yet, the (7)sale of cigarettes, known to be unsafe, has never been prohibited by the government. Why are cigarettes any different from other products sold in the US?

Cigarettes are not only (8)harmful to users, (9)but are also damaging to all people in the vicinity of a smoker. Second hand smoke from cigarettes is just as damaging as smoke inhaled by users. Each year, 53,000 people die from the effects of second hand smoke. A person living (10)with a spouse who smokes has a thirty percent higher chance of getting lung cancer. (Bartecchi, 49) Parents who smoke force (11)their children to breathe the fumes every day. Seventeen percent of lung cancer is attributed to people who grew up with parents who were smokers.

Children of smokers have a lower birth rate and are often less intelligent. (Bartecchi, 49) People who have chosen to smoke have accepted the unhealthy risk of the drug. (12)However, nonsmokers have not opted for the (13)hazards involved with smoking and therefore should not be introduced to these hazards. The government has chosen not to place a ban on a drug that puts even the nonusers at risk to (14)health problems. People who do not smoke must always be wary of toxic cigarette fumes that may be in their (15)presence.

Most people are aware of the health risks involved with smoking. For this reason (16)cigarette manufacturers have invested much of their advertising campaign to the most uninformed segment of the population, minors. The average age to start smoking in the US is fourteen and a half years old. Ads such as the cartoon character Joe Camel, A camel who rides a motorcycle in the presence of attractive women, are obvious gimmicks to attract children and teenagers. Before the appearance of "Joe Camel", Camel cigarettes made six million dollars from sales to minors. However, just two years (17)after the first appearance of the cartoon character, sales of Camel cigarettes to minors rose to $476 million. In a recent study, just as many six-year old children recognized "Mickey Mouse" as Joe Camel. (Bartecchi, 47-48) Thousands of minors become (18)addicted to cigarettes every year, posing health problems later in life. The US should not allow the sale of a product aimed at harming our children.

Cigarettes cause health problems in smokers as well as nonsmokers. They (19)harm adults as they do youth. (20)Although smoking has only negative effects on the body, the use of cigarettes is legal while other drugs are banned. Most products proven dangerous are banned or recalled. Cigarettes should be no different.5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

Adapted: http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=13465>.

TASK 1: GRAMMAR (20%)NO.WORDSWORD CLASS

0waste (line 1)Verb

1effects (line 8)Noun

2cause (line 9)Noun

3deaths (line 13)Noun

4from (line 15)Preposition

5frequently (line 19)Adverb

6of (line 22)Preposition concerning or showing sb/sth

7sale (line 27)Noun-available to be bought,especially from the owner

8harmful (line 30)Adjectives- causing damage or injury

9but also (line 30)Conjunction

10with (line 34)Preposition

11their (line 36)Pronoun

12However (line 41)Adjective

13hazards (line 42)Noun

14health (line 45)Noun

15presence (line 47)Noun

16cigarette (line 49)Noun

17after (line 57)Preposition

18addicted (line 62)Adjective

19harm (line 66)Verb

20Although (line 67)Conjunction

TASK 2: READING (30%)Read the text in Appendix A and answer the questions that follow.1. Why do you think that the writer says the use of cigarettes, which kills millions worldwide annually, is perfectly legal? (line 4 & 5)(3 marks)

2. Give five effects of smoking mentioned by the writer. (5 marks)3. Is second hand smoke from cigarettes dangerous to people? Give your reasons. (3 marks)4. Does an advertisement play a role in promoting smoking? Give a reason for your answer. (3 marks)5. What is the topic sentence for paragraph 3? (1 mark)TASK 3: WRITING (50%)

Read the article and write an essay by giving your opinion on the topic Smoking. Provide a title for your essay.