appendix f.3- 2008 base case - wyoming public service...

Appendix F.3- 2008 Base Case The base case is an evaluation of the Western Interconnect transmission system in 2008. This study includes existing resources and transmission, including any resources or transmission currently in progress or likely to be completed by 2008. The purpose of the 2008 base case is to:

1. Identify congested interface paths 2. Value the cost of that congestion 3. Value the change to west-wide costs under load, gas and added wind sensitivities.

Changes in system production costs (fuel & other VOM), locational marginal prices (LMPs), interface utilization and shadow prices (opportunity costs), can help evaluate the 2008 system and identify transmission projects that are cost effective.

Base Case Results

The base case consists of six different scenarios using the 2008 resource and transmission network:

1. $4.00 gas prices 2. $5.00 gas prices 3. $4.00 gas price and additional Rocky Mountain 1,742 MW of nameplate wind 4. $5.00 gas price and additional Rocky Mountain 1,742 MW of nameplate wind 5. $4.00 gas prices and 2013 load levels 6. $5.00 gas prices and 2013 load levels

The resulting Western Interconnect production costs for each case are shown in Table F.3.1. The table shows that adding 1,742 MW of nameplate wind to the Rocky Mountains could reduce west-wide production costs by $244 million in a $4.00 gas scenario. New transmission may be necessary to integrate the wind. Alternatively, wind dispatch could be curtailed to reduce coal plant cycling. Either solution would change the production costs shown in Table F.3.1. The table also shows how the western system is sensitive to gas prices; a one dollar increase could increase annual west-wide production costs by more than $2 billion.

Appendix F- 2008 Base Case 25

Table F.3. 1: Western Interconnect production costs for bases cases (2004 dollars)

$4.00 Gas $13,935

$5.00 Gas $15,946

$4.00 Gas and 1,742MW of additional nameplate wind $13,691

$5.00 Gas and 1,742MW of additional nameplate wind $15,361

$4.00 Gas and 2013 load levels $17,904

$5.00 Gas and 2013 load levels $20,298

Scenarios

Table F.3.2 below shows the top six congested paths for the Rocky Mountain area. The top congested paths were based on the $4.00 gas price scenario‘s interface opportunity costs. The ”opportunity cost of the next MW” represent that: if the interface capacity increased by one MW, then the Western Interconnect would save “X” amount of dollars. Percent of time at limit is the percentage of hours for the year in which power flow on the interface was a maximum rated capacity.

Table F.3. 2: Top six congested interfaces (paths) for each 2008 base case scenario

Opportunity cost of next

MW% of time at

limit


MW% of time at

limit


MW% of time at

limit


MW% of time at

limit


MW% of time at

limit


MW% of time at

limit

$4.00 Gas $28,324 5% $11,706 15% $10,749 19% $10,141 72% $5,649 8% $2,590 3%

$5.00 Gas $22,058 4% $14,461 18% $11,220 18% $11,247 71% $6,450 8% $2,049 3%

$4.00 Gas and 1,742MW of nameplate wind $19,047 3% $20,341 26% $43,690 36% $13,067 72% $8,259 10% $695 1%

$5.00 Gas and 1,742MW of nameplate wind $12,243 2% $22,070 25% $47,817 34% $12,894 67% $11,039 10% $685 2%

$4.00 Gas and 2013 load levels $14,220 2% $13,106 15% $476 1% $6,148 40% $9,043 10% $26,325 12%

$5.00 Gas and 2013 load levels $12,724 1% $8,211 10% $505 1% $6,646 36% $10,960 10% $32,013 11%

IPP DC TOT 3SW Wyoming to

BonanzaE. ID to W. MT S. UT to SE. NV SW. WY to ID/NW C. UT to S. CA SE. WY to NE. CO SW. WY to E. UT

Idaho to Montana TOT 2C Bridger West


Locational Marginal Prices (LMP)

Contour maps graphically indicate the average monthly Locational Marginal Price (LMP) for the Western Interconnect. The color indicates the LMP - red indicates higher LMPs and blue indicates lower LMPs. Differences in color is an indication of congestion; if no congestion exists, the colors are the same across the region. In Figure F.3.1, the prices are relatively flat across the system- all yellow. This is because during the month of January, regional load levels are low enough for power to reach all areas without congestion. In Figure F.3.2, a summer month, load demands increase which create transmission congestion, thus raises LMPs in the southern half of the Western Interconnect. The south has higher LMPs because low cost generation in the north cannot reach the south, thus requiring the south to use higher cost gas resources to meet loads. Areas with transmission congestion can be seen when a change in color occurs such as on the border of Montana and Idaho in Figure F.3.2.

Figure F.3. 1: January 2008 average LMP - $4.00 gas case

NE LWAY

BR ID GER

C OLS TRI P

G OS HEN

BOR AH

K INP OR T

M I DPO IN T

SU MM ERLAK E

MAL IN

CAP TJACK

ME RI DI AN

A LVE Y

A LLSTO N

KE ELE R

PE ARL

R OU NDM T

OLI ND A

JOH N DAY

MAR IO N

LAN E

G RI ZZLY

BUC KL EY

T HEDALL ES

O STR AND ER SL ATT

McNA RY(1169 MW)

BO AR DMAN

P AUL /CE NTR ALI A

R AVE R

M ON RO E

CUS TER

ECH OLAK E

CHI EFJOE G RA ND CO ULE E

SC HUL TZ

H ANF ORD

AS HE

VA NTA GE

LOWMO N

LI TGO OS E

LOWGR ANI TE

T AFT

GA RR ISO N

D WORS HA K

TO WN SEN D B RO ADV IEW

BE LL

DI XON VI LLE

BENL OM ON D

NAU GH TON

AN ACO ND A

AT LAN TICCI TY

R OC KSPR IN GS

MON UMEN T

MU STA NG

SP ENC E

BI LLI NG S

YELL OWTA IL

CUS TER

GR EA TFA LLS

OVA ND O

HO TS PRI NG S

CA BG OR GE

NO XO N

L OLO

H ELLSC ANY ON

RO UN DUP

OXB OW

BR OWN LEE

BO IS E

E NTE RPR IS E

WALLAWALLA

LA GRA ND E

HAT WA I

M OSC OW

BEN EWAH

R IVE RTO N

BUF FALO

ORE GO NBA SI N

THE RMOPO LI S

WY OD AK

C ASP ER

S HER ID AN

PL ATTE

D AVE JO HN STO N

MILE S C IT YD C TIE

G RA NTSPAS S

CO PCO

LON EPI NE

R OSS

O NTA RI O

C ALD WELLBU RN S

WAN ETA

B OUN DA RY

VA CA -D IXO N

TRA CY

T ESLA

TA BLEM T

LO SBA NOS

MOSSL AND IN G

T ERMI NAL

MO NA

FOU R COR NE RS

90SO UTHCA MP

WIL LIA MS

BO NAN ZA

HUN TIN GT ON

SI GU RD

I PPGO NDE R

H AR RYALLE N

MA CH ACE KF TCH UR CHI LL

AUS TI N

PAV ANT

HU NTER

SYL MA R

A DELA NTO

G LENCA NYO N

V ALM Y(562 M W)

HU MBOL DT

T RAC Y

VAL LEYRO AD

CRO SS -OVE R

AMPS

JEFF ERS ON

DI LLO NP ETER SO NFLAT S

D RUM

WEEDJCT

C ASC AD E

RES TON

OL YM PI A

IN GLE DO W

ROC KYREA CH

M ID WAY

L IBB Y

HU NG RY HO RS E

CRA IG

S AN JUA N

HA YD EN

LAR AM IER IVE R

A RC HER

AU LT

RI FLE

MO NT ROS E

PI NTO

CU REC ANT I PO NC HA

SI DN EY

STO RY

L E G E N D :

500KV

+-50 0KVDC

345 KV230 KV115 -161KV

LA NG E

WESTHI LL

S TEG AL

CO MA NC HEMI DWAY

D ANI ELS P ARKM AL TA

SMOK Y HI LL

PAWNE E(530 MW)

VAL MO NT

D ILL ON

BE AVE R

WAR NERHI LL T OP

B OR DER TO WN

R EDBU TTE

FLA MI NGGO RG E

TRE ASU RET ON

K -FA LLSC O GE N

BO YLE

NLEWISTO N

D IA BLO

G AT ES

MID WAY

RI NA LDI

VI NC ENT

VI CTO RV ILL E

LU GO

M IR ALO MASER RAN O

VAL LEY

DE VER S

MI GU EL IMPE RI ALVAL LEY

MOJ AVE

E L D OR ADO

M CCU LLO UG HME AD

MARK ETP LAC E

N AVA JO

M O ENK OPI

Y AVA PAI

TAB LE MESA

PA LO VER DE

WE STWIN G

FL AG STAF F

P IN NAC LE PEA K

CHO LLA

NO RTH G IL A LI BER TY

KY REN E SI LVERKI NG

CO RO NAD O

SO UTH

B IC KNE LL V AIL

G RE ENLE E

S PRI NG ERV IL LE

SA GU ARO

T ORT OLI TA

PAR KE R

P RES CO TT

R OU NDVA LLEY

SELI GMA NDAV IS

CA MI NO

EAG LEMT.

BLY THE

K NOB

G ILATI JUA NA

METR OPO LIJUAR EZ

LOMAS

CI PR ES

L ARO SI TA

S AN LU IS

MEX ICA LI

IN TER GE NS EMPRA

MER ID IA N

CHE EKY E

M AL ASPI NA

D UNS MU IR

SA HTLA M

G OLD R IVE R

AR NOT T

CLA YBU RNROS EDA LE

WHA LEAC H

B RI DG ER IVE R

NI CO LA

KE LLYLAK E

100 MI LEH OU SE

SO DAC REE K

B AR LOW

WI LLI STO N

GLE NAN NA N

TE LKWA

SKE ENA

PR INC E RU PER T

K IT MA T

KE MA NO

SA VON A

MIC A

RE VELS TO KE

A SHT ONCR EEK

S ELKI RK CR ANB RO OK

IN VER M EREN ATA L

PE IG AN N. LE THB RI DG E

L ANG DO N

JANE TSAR CE E

RE DD EER

BEN ALTO

BR AZE AU

B IC KER DI KE KEE PHI LLSEL LERS LIE

W. BRO OK S

WA REJ TN. JE NN ER

EM PR ESS

SH EER NES S

EA ST ED MO NTO N

C LOV ERB ARLAMO URE UX

D EER LAN D

WH ITE FIS HLA KE

MAR GU ERI TELA KE

R UTH LA KE

MI TSU E

N. CA LDE R

N. B AR RHE AD

LI TT LESM O KY

LOU IS ECR EEK

SAG I TAWAH

WA BAMU N

SU NDA NC E

M CK IN LEY

P. E.G . S.AMBRO SI A WES T

MES A

B-A

NO RTO N

OJO

TA OS

BL ACK WATE R

A RTE SI AA MR AD

CAL IEN TEN EWM AN

ARR OY O

DI AB LO

L UNA

H IDA LG O

LE UPP

EL CE NTR O

K ENN EDY

PEA CE CA NY ON

PEA CE RI VER

BATT LE RI VER

MET IS KO W

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

M ETIS644

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

M ETIS644

Figure F.3. 2: June 2008 average LMP - $4.00 gas Case

NE LWAY

BR ID GER

C OLS TRI P

G OS HEN

BOR AH

K INP OR T

MI DPO IN T

SU MM ERLAK E

M AL IN

CAP TJACK

ME RI DI AN

A LVE Y

A LLSTO N

KE ELE R

PE ARL

R OU NDM T

OLI ND A

JOH N DAY

M AR IO N

LAN E

G RI ZZLY

BUC KL EY

T HEDALL ES

O STR AND ER SL ATT

M cNA RY(1169 MW)

BO AR DM AN

P AUL /CE NTR ALI A

R AVE R

MON RO E

CUS TER

ECH OLAK E

CHI EFJOE G RA ND CO ULE E

SC HUL TZ

H ANF ORD

AS HE

VA NTA GE

LOWMO N

LI TGO OS E

LOWGR ANI TE

T AFT

GA RR ISO N

D WORS HA K

TO WN SEN D B RO ADV IEW

BE LL

DI XON VI LLE

BENL OMON D

NAU GH TON

AN ACO ND A

AT LAN TICCI TY

R OC KSPR IN GS

MON UMEN T

MU STA NG

SP ENC E

BI LLI NG S

YELL OWTA IL

CUS TER

GR EA TFA LLS

OVA ND O

HO TS PRI NG S

CA BG OR GE

NO XO N

L OLO

H ELLSC ANY ON

RO UN DUP

OXB OW

BR OWN LEE

BO IS E

E NTE RPR IS E

WALLAWALLA

LA GRA ND E

HAT WA I

MOSC OW

BEN EWAH

R IVE RTO N

BUF FALO

ORE GO NBA SI N

THE RM OPO LI S

WY OD AK

C ASP ER

S HER ID AN

PL ATTE

D AVE JO HN STO N

MILE S C IT YD C TIE

G RA NTSPAS S

CO PCO

LON EPI NE

R OSS

O NTA RI O

C ALD WELLBU RN S

WAN ETA

B OUN DA RY

VA CA -D IXO N

TRA CY

T ESLA

TA BLEM T

LO SBA NOS

MOSSL AND IN G

T ERM I NAL

MO NA

FOU R COR NE RS

90SO UTHCA MP

WIL LIA MS

BO NAN ZA

HUN TIN GT ON

SI GU RD

I PPGO NDE R

H AR RYALLE N

MA CH ACE KF TCH UR CHI LL

AUS TI N

PAV ANT

HU NTER

SYL MA R

A DELA NTO

G LENCA NYO N

V ALM Y(562 M W)

HU MBOL DT

T RAC Y

VAL LEYRO AD

CRO SS -OVE R

AM PS

JEFF ERS ON

DI LLO NP ETER SO NFLAT S

D RUM

WEEDJCT

C ASC AD E

RES TON

OL YM PI A

IN GLE DO W

ROC KYREA CH

M ID WAY

L IBB Y

HU NG RY HO RS E

CRA IG

S AN JUA N

HA YD EN

LAR AMIER IVE R

A RC HER

AU LT

RI FLE

MO NT ROS E

PI NTO

CU REC ANT I PO NC HA

SI DN EY

STO RY

L E G E N D :

500KV

+-50 0KVDC

345 KV230 KV115 -161KV

LA NG E

WESTHI LL

S TEG AL

CO MA NC HEMI DWAY

D ANI ELS P ARKMAL TA

SMOK Y HI LL

PAWNE E( 530 M W)

VAL MO NT

D ILL ON

BE AVE R

WAR NERHI LL T OP

B OR DER TO WN

R EDBU TTE

FLA MI NGGO RG E

TRE ASU RET ON

K -FA LLSC O GE N

BO YLE

NLEWISTO N

D IA BLO

G AT ES

M ID WAY

RI NA LDI

VI NC ENT

VI CTO RV ILL E

LU GO

MIR ALO MASER RAN O

VAL LEY

DE VER S

MI GU EL IMPE RI ALVAL LEY

MOJ AVE

E L D OR ADO

MCCU LLO UG HME AD

M ARK ETP LAC E

N AVA JO

M O ENK OPI

Y AVA PAI

TAB LE MESA

PA LO VER DE

WE STWIN G

FL AG STAF F

P IN NAC LE PEA K

CHO LLA

NO RTH G IL A LI BER TY

KY REN E SI LVERKI NG

CO RO NAD O

SO UTH

B IC KNE LL V AIL

G RE ENLE E

S PRI NG ERV IL LE

SA GU ARO

T ORT OLI TA

PAR KE R

P RES CO TT

R OU NDVA LLEY

SELI GMA NDAV IS

CA MI NO

EAG LEMT.

BLY THE

K NOB

G ILATI JUA NA

M ETR OPO LIJUAR EZ

LOMAS

CI PR ES

L ARO SI TA

S AN LU IS

MEX ICA LI

IN TER GE NS EM PRA

MER ID IA N

CHE EKY E

MAL ASPI NA

D UNS MU IR

SA HTLA M

G OLD R IVE R

AR NOT T

CLA YBU RNROS EDA LE

WHA LEAC H

B RI DG ER IVE R

NI CO LA

KE LLYLAK E

100 MI LEH OU SE

SO DAC REE K

B AR LOW

WI LLI STO N

GLE NAN NA N

TE LKWA

SKE ENA

PR INC E RU PER T

K IT MA T

KE MA NO

SA VON A

M IC A

RE VELS TO KE

A SHT ONCR EEK

S ELKI RK CR ANB RO OK

IN VER M EREN ATA L

PE IG AN N. LE THB RI DG E

L ANG DO N

JANE TSAR CE E

RE DD EER

BEN ALTO

BR AZE AU

B IC KER DI KE KEE PHI LLSEL LERS LIE

W. BRO OK S

WA REJ TN. JE NN ER

EM PR ESS

SH EER NES S

EA ST ED MO NTO N

C LOV ERB ARLAMO URE UX

D EER LAN D

WH ITE FIS HLA KE

M AR GU ERI TELA KE

R UTH LA KE

MI TSU E

N. CA LDE R

N. B AR RHE AD

LI TT LESMO KY

LOU IS ECR EEK

SAG I TAWAH

WA BAMU N

SU NDA NC E

MCK IN LEY

P. E.G . S.AMBRO SI A WES T

MES A

B-A

NO RTO N

OJO

TA OS

BL ACK WATE R

A RTE SI AA MR AD

CAL IEN TEN EWM AN

ARR OY O

DI AB LO

L UNA

H IDA LG O

LE UPP

EL CE NTR O

K ENN EDY

PEA CE CA NY ON

PEA CE RI VER

BATT LE RI VER

MET IS KO W

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

M ETIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

M ETIS644


Figure F.3. 3: Hourly system LMP profile for June 12, 2008

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

MARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE

CHIEFJOE GRAND COULEE

SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPPGONDER

HARRYALLEN

MACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUMBOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AMPS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SMOKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWISTON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS

MIGUEL IMPERIALVALLEY

MOJAVE

EL DORADO

MCCULLOUGHMEAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEMPRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURNROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL

PEIGAN N. LETHBRIDGE

LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU

BICKERDIKE KEEPHILLSELLERSLIE

W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS

EAST EDMONTONCLOVERBAR

LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

MITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUNSUNDANCE

MCKINLEY

P.E.G.S.AMBROSIA WEST

MESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWMAN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

MARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE


SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPPGONDER

HARRYALLEN

MACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUMBOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AMPS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SMOKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWISTON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS


MOJAVE

EL DORADO

MCCULLOUGHMEAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEMPRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURNROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL


LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU


W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS


LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

MITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUNSUNDANCE

MCKINLEY


MESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWMAN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

M ARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE


SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPPGONDER

HARRYALLEN

M ACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUM BOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AM PS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SM OKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWIS TON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS


MOJAVE

EL DORADO

M CCULLOUGHM EAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEM PRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURN

ROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL


LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU


W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS


LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

M ITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUN

SUNDANCE

MCKINLEY


M ESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWM AN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

MARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE


SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPP

GONDER

HARRYALLEN

MACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUMBOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AMPS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SMOKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWISTON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS


MOJAVE

EL DORADO

MCCULLOUGH

MEAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEMPRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURN

ROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL


LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU


W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS

EAST EDMONTON

CLOVERBAR

LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

MITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUN

SUNDANCE

MCKINLEY

P.E.G.S.

AMBROSIA WESTMESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWMAN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

MARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE


SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPP

GONDER

HARRYALLEN

MACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUMBOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AMPS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SMOKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWISTON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS


MOJAVE

EL DORADO

MCCULLOUGH

MEAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEMPRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURN

ROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL


LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU


W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS

EAST EDMONTON

CLOVERBAR

LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

MITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUN

SUNDANCE

MCKINLEY

P.E.G.S.

AMBROSIA WESTMESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWMAN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

NELWAY

BRIDGER

COLSTRIP

GOSHEN

BORAH

KINPORT

MIDPOINT

SUMMERLAKE

MALIN

CAPTJACK

MERIDIAN

ALVEY

ALLSTON

KEELER

PEARL

ROUNDMT

OLINDA

JOHN DAY

MARION

LANE

GRIZZLY

BUCKLEY

THEDALLES

OSTRANDER SLATT

McNARY(1169 MW)

BOARDMAN

PAUL /CENTRALIA

RAVER

MONROE

CUSTER

ECHOLAKE


SCHULTZ

HANFORD

ASHE

VANTAGE

LOWMON

LITGOOSE

LOWGRANITE

TAFT

GARRISON

DWORSHAK

TOWNSENDBROADVIEW

BELL

DIXONVILLE

BENLOMOND

NAUGHTON

ANACONDA

ATLANTICCITY

ROCKSPRINGS

MONUMENT

MUSTANG

SPENCE

BILLINGS

YELLOWTAIL

CUSTER

GREATFALLS

OVANDO

HOTSPRINGS

CABGORGE

NOXON

LOLO

HELLSCANYON

ROUNDUP

OXBOW

BROWNLEE

BOISE

ENTERPRISE

WALLAWALLA

LAGRANDE

HATWAI

MOSCOW

BENEWAH

RIVERTON

BUFFALO

OREGONBASIN

THERMOPOLIS

WYODAK

CASPER

SHERIDAN

PLATTE

DAVE JOHNSTON

MILES CITYDC TIE

GRANTSPASS

COPCO

LONEPINE

ROSS

ONTARIO

CALDWELLBURNS

WANETA

BOUNDARY

VACA-DIXON

TRACY

TESLA

TABLEMT

LOSBANOS

MOSSLANDING

TERMINAL

MONA

FOUR CORNERS

90SOUTH

CAMPWILLIAMS

BONANZA

HUNTINGTON

SIGURD

IPP

GONDER

HARRYALLEN

MACHACEKFTCHURCHILL

AUSTIN

PAVANT

HUNTER

SYLMAR

ADELANTO

GLENCANYON

VALMY(562 MW)

HUMBOLDT

TRACY

VALLEYROAD

CROSS-OVER

AMPS

JEFFERSON

DILLONPETERSONFLATS

DRUM

WEEDJCT

CASCADE

RESTON

OLYMPIA

INGLEDOW

ROCKYREACH

MIDWAY

LIBBY

HUNGRY HORSE

CRAIG

SAN JUAN

HAYDEN

LARAMIERIVER

ARCHER

AULT

RIFLE

MONTROSE

PINTO

CURECANTI PONCHA

SIDNEY

STORY

L E G E N D:

500KV

+-500KVDC

345KV230KV115-161KV

LANGE

WESTHILL

STEGAL

COMANCHEMIDWAY

DANIELS PARKMALTA

SMOKY HILL

PAWNEE(530 MW)

VALMONT

DILLON

BEAVER

WARNERHILL TOP

BORDERTOWN

REDBUTTE

FLAMINGGORGE

TREASURETON

K-FALLSCO GEN

BOYLE

NLEWISTON

DIABLO

GATES

MIDWAY

RINALDI

VINCENT

VICTORVILLE

LUGO

MIRALOMASERRANO

VALLEY

DEVERS


MOJAVE

EL DORADO

MCCULLOUGH

MEAD

MARKETPLACE

NAVAJO

MOENKOPI

YAVAPAI

TABLE MESA

PALO VERDE

WESTWING

FLAGSTAFF

PINNACLE PEAK

CHOLLA

NORTH GILA LIBERTY

KYRENE SILVERKING

CORONADO

SOUTH

BICKNELL VAIL

GREENLEE

SPRINGERVILLE

SAGUARO

TORTOLITA

PARKER

PRESCOTT

ROUNDVALLEY

SELIGMANDAVIS

CAMINO

EAGLEMT.

BLYTHE

KNOB

GILATIJUANA

METROPOLIJUAREZ

LOMAS

CIPRES

LAROSITA

SAN LUIS

MEXICALI

INTERGENSEMPRA

MERIDIAN

CHEEKYE

MALASPINA

DUNSMUIR

SAHTLAM

GOLD RIVER

ARNOTT

CLAYBURN

ROSEDALE

WHALEACH

BRIDGERIVER

NICOLA

KELLYLAKE

100 MILEHOUSE

SODACREEK

BARLOW

WILLISTON

GLENANNAN

TELKWA

SKEENA

PRINCE RUPERT

KITMAT

KEMANO

SAVONA

MICA

REVELSTOKE

ASHTONCREEK

SELKIRK CRANBROOK

INVERMERE

NATAL


LANGDON

JANETSARCEE

REDDEER

BENALTO

BRAZEAU


W. BROOKS

WAREJTN. JENNER

EMPRESS

SHEERNESS

EAST EDMONTON

CLOVERBAR

LAMOUREUX

DEERLAND

WHITEFISHLAKE

MARGUERITELAKE

RUTH LAKE

MITSUE

N. CALDER

N. BARRHEAD

LITTLESMOKY

LOUISECREEK

SAGITAWAH

WABAMUN

SUNDANCE

MCKINLEY

P.E.G.S.

AMBROSIA WESTMESA

B-A

NORTON

OJO

TAOS

BLACKWATER

ARTESIAAMRAD

CALIENTENEWMAN

ARROYO

DIABLO

LUNA

HIDALGO

LEUPP

EL CENTRO

KENNEDY

PEACE CANYON

PEACE RIVER

BATTLE RIVER

METISKOW

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

LEUPP

ELCENTRO

KDY 5CX3

PCN500

GMS500

BAT RV79

METIS644

June 12, 2008 hr 06$4 Gas

June 12, 2008 hr 12$4 Gas

June 12, 2008 hr 18$4 Gas

June 12, 2008 hr 21$4 Gas

June 12, 2008 hr 24$4 Gas

June 12, 2008 hr 15$4 Gas


Duration Curves

The following duration curves display interface/path utilization. For example, in Figure F.3.3 the Idaho to Montana interface is reaching its forward limit 25% of the time and its reverse limit 3% of the time in the $5 gas- high load case. Figure F.3.4 through B.3.9 displays the duration curves for the six top Rocky Mountain area congested paths in the 2008 base cases.

Figure F.3. 4: Idaho to Montana

Figure F.3. 5: TOT 2C


Figure F.3. 6: Bridger West

Figure F.3. 7: IPP DC


Figure F.3. 8: TOT 3

Figure F.3. 9: SW Wyoming to Bonanza


Near-term Projects

Base case analyses led to three low cost transmission upgrades that are economic. Each of these upgrades could lower system wide production costs. For modeling purposes, each item was added to the system individually using the $4.00 gas case; all other inputs were unchanged. Results from the cases are below.

Amps Line Phase Shifter

This case added a phase shifter to the Peterson Flats, MT to Amps, ID line to control power flow. With a phase shifter on this line, west-wide production costs fell by $5 million. In addition, the Idaho to Montana interface’s congestion went from 5% of the time to less than 1% of the time. The cost of a phase shifter is approximately $10 million, in which PacifiCorp, Idaho Power, and North Western Energy each have a stake. Figures B.4.10 and B.4.11 display the distribution of line utilization on the Idaho to Montana interface before and after the phase shifter is added. This project is part of the RMATS recommendations (see chapter 3).

Figure F.3. 10: Idaho to Montana interface utilization before adding phase shifter

2008 System

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-800 -650 -500 -350 -200 -50 100 250 400

MW

Freq

uen

cy (#

hrs

in a

yea

r)

S N

1,102,119 MWh

5%

Figure F.3. 11: Idaho to Montana interface utilization after adding phase shifter

Potential Line Loading(w/ phase sh ifter)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-800 -650 -500 -350 -200 -50 100 250 400

MW

Fre

que

ncy

(# h

rs in

a y

ear)

S N

1,103,792 MWh

1%


Flaming Gorge Transformers

This project replaces the two-100 MVA transformers at Flaming Gorge with two-200 MVA banks. This improvement allows for increased capacity on the congested Firehole, WY to Bonanza, UT line by 100MW. With the added capacity, west-wide production costs fall by $4.7 million. It relieves congestion on the SW Wyoming to Bonanza interface and allows an addional 7,170MW to flow across the path. The distribution of line utilization (histograms) of the SW Wyoming to Bonanza interface before and after the transformers are added can be seen in Figures B.4.12 and B.4.13. WAPA plans to complete this upgrade in 2006; this project is part of the RMATS recommendations (see chapter 3).

Figure F.3. 12: SW Wyoming to Bonanza interface utilization before adding transformer

2008 System

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-350 -250 -150 -50 50 150 250 350

MW

Freq

uen

cy (#

hrs

in a

yea

r)

3%

N S

902,434 MWh

Figure F.3. 13: SW Wyoming to Bonanza interface utilization after adding

transformer

Potential Line Loading(w/ 100 MW upgrade)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-350 -250 -150 -50 50 150 250 350

MW

Freq

uenc

y (#

hrs

in a

yea

r)

N S0%

909,604 MWh


IPP DC Upgrade

This project adds inverter stations at Intermountain, UT and Adelanto, CA to increase IPP DC inter-tie by 500MW. This upgrade lowers west-wide production costs by $4.4 million. It also decreases line congestion from 72% to 57% and allows an additional 2.86 million MW to use this path. Capital costs for this project are approximately $65 million, which would not make this project viable unless additional low cost generation were added in the Rocky Mountain States to more effectively use this path and further lower production costs. The histograms displayed in Figure F.4.14 and B.4.15 show line utilization for the IPP DC path before and after the upgrade. This project is part of Recommendation 2 transmission build (see chapter 3).

Figure F.3. 14: IPP DC utilization before additional capacity is added

2008 System

0

1500

3000

4500

6000

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400

MW

Freq

uen

cy (#

hrs

in a

yea

r)

14,952,799 MWh 72%

NE SW

Figure F.3. 15: IBB DC utilization after additional capacity is added

Potential Line Loading

(w/ 500 MW upg rade )

0

2000

4000

6000

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400

MW

Freq

uen

cy (#

hrs

in a

yea

r)

17,816,376 MWh57%

NE SW


Validation

Benchmarking the Base Case consisted of comparing model output to actual time hourly power flow and operating transfer capability data submitted by path operators and archived in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council’s EHV Data Pool database. As seen in Figures B.3.16 through B.3.22, paths compared closely. Differences are attributable to:

o 1600 MW of resources added to the RMATS 2008 base case. o PDCI line flow is less absence of contractual rights, tariff wheeling and tariff loss

charges in the ABB model.

Figure F.3. 16: The Idaho to Pacific Northwest path – combination of 500, 230 and 115 kV lines

Idaho to PNW Duration Curve

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 2002RMATS 2008SSG-W I 2008Path Capacity

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)

Actual flow 2002 325 577

RMATS 2008 319 617

SSG-WI 2008 423 494

Observation/QualificationPath compares incredibly close; 99.4% correlation factor when comparing RMATS to actualMinimal regional resources added

(2,000)

(1,000)


Figure F.3. 17: West of Hatwai path location is in eastern Washington

West of Hatwai Duration Curve

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 1998

Actual flow 2002

RMAT S 2008

SSG-WI 2008

Path Capacity (2008)

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)


Actual flow 2002 1,033 520

RMATS 2008 778 613

SSG-WI 2008 558 591

Observation/QualificationPath compares incredibly close; 99.7% correlation factor when comparing RMATS to actual Minimal regional resources added

(2,000)

(1,000)

(1,000)

(500)

Figure F.3. 18: Montana to Pacific Northwest – the lines between Montana and the NW

Montana to PNW Duration Curve

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 2002RMATS 2008SSG-WI 2008Path Capacity

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)


RMATS 2008 1,350 465

SSG-WI 2008 1,079 421

Observation/QualificationPath compares close; 99.4% correlation factor when comparing RMATS to actual Minimal regional resources added


Figure F.3. 19: The California Oregon AC Intertie

COI Duration Curve

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of time

MW

Actual flow 2002RMATS 2008SSG-WI 2008Forward Capacity

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)

Actual flow 2002 2,165 889

RMATS 2008 2,458 1,953

SSG-WI 2008 2,843 1,675

COI - Heavier in the south to north direction than in SSG-WI

Baring some of the PDCI load Hydro peak shaving algorithm

(4,000)

(3,000)

(2,000)

(1,000)

(4,000)

(3,000)

(2,000)

(1,000)

Figure F.3. 20: Path 26 - Between PG&E and Southern California Edison (Midway to Vincent)

Path 26 Duration Curve

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 2000

Actual flow 2001

Actual flow 2002

RMAT S 2008

SSG-W I 2008

P ath Capacity (current )

P ath Capacity (2008)

P ath Capacity (2008)

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)


Actual flow 2001 (162) 850


RMATS 2008 198 1,743

SSG-WI 2008 (202) 1,458

Path 26 - Between PG&E and Southern California Edison (Midway to Vincent; 3-500 kV lines)

Compares favorably with historicOne of the artifacts of not having wheeling; using the AC more than the DC



Figure F.3. 21: East of the Colorado River (EOR) – Western Arizona

East of the River Duration Curve

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 2000Actual flow 2001Actual flow 2002RMATS 2008SSG-WI 2008Path Capacity

Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)

Actual flow 2000 4,206 1,116

Actual flow 2001 4,179 964

Actual flow 2002 4,141 851

RMATS 2008 5,628 1,066

SSG-WI 2008 5,746 1,174

The SSG-WI line was considered to be reasonable by the SSG-WI planning group, given new resource additions

(1,000)

(2,000)

(1,500)

(1,000)

(500)

Figure F.3. 22: TOT 2A in Southern CO; TOT 2B – Utah to Arizona; TOT2C – Southern Utah to SE Nevada

TOT2 (A+B+C) Duration Curve

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

% of tim e

MW

Actual flow 2002

RMAT S 2008

SSG-W I 2008



Mean (MW)Standard

Devation (MW)

Actual flow 2002 (369) 317

RMATS 2008 (169) 787

SSG-WI 2008 (94) 674

TOT2 - discrepancy with historic is do to "glut" of generation in Arizona

appendix f.3- 2008 base case - wyoming public service...

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