appendix i: tables relating to california breadstuffs

Appendix I: Tables Relating to California BreadstuffsAuthor(s): Horace DavisSource: Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Sep., 1894), pp. 600-612Published by: The University of Chicago PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1829750 .

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APPENDIX I.

TABLES RELATING TO CALIFORNIA BREADSTUFFS.

EXPLANATORY NOTE.

i. The table of Rainfall represents the precipitation at San Francisco, which is a fair average of the wheat-growing part of the state. Its direct connection with the abundance of the crop will be apparent at a glance: a scanty rain is followed by a meagre harvest. This connection would have been more apparent if I had shown the spring rains in a separate table. The yield per acre depends very directly on the moisture in the ground between February I and May 15.

2. The Population is taken from the State Census for i862 and the United States Census for i870, i88o and i890. The growth of the intervening years is estimated.

3. The Acreage follows in general the State Surveyor-General's reports, down to 1878, after which these reports cease to give it. After that I have simply followed the best information I could get. I am satisfied the acreage is considerably over-stated.

4. The Estimated Crops. This table is made up as follows: To the exports were added the consumption for food, seed, feed, and distilling, together with the stock left over at the end of twelve months, and from this was deducted the sum of the stock brought over from the previous year and the imports of the year; the balance represents the crop.

The exports were obtained mainly by direct computation from contemporary newspapers. The consumption was estimated as follows: 390 pounds wheat was allowed to each individual of the population-330 pounds for

bread, and 6o pounds for feed and wasteage. In some years an extra allow- ance was made for distilling, where I knew such a margin was required. For seed I have allowed 75 pounds to every acre, as per table of acreage. This figure was assumed after careful examination. I have corresponded with a large number of experts, and found that there was a great difference in the practice of different districts, running all the way from 40 to 120 pounds of seed per acre. Heavy lands require more seed than light; the northern part of the state uses more than the south; and old land requires more than new. The average of my answers is a trifle under 75 pounds.

6oo



A PPFRJVDIX. 6o i

5. The Imports are gathered from the old commercial newspapers down to 1871; thence from the records of the Merchants' Exchange to i882; and thence to the present time from the Produce Exchange Reports.

6. The "Stocks on Hand" are obtained from various sources. For the earlier years we have the account of stock in San Francisco warehouses taken each year by the dealers; while the amount stored outside of the city was not large prior to i868 and could be ascertained with reasonable accuracy. From i868 to the present time the Produce Exchange has taken an annual census of stock in the state. These figures I have adopted, except for the four years i871, i872, i873, and i874, where I could not obtain them, and was obliged to substitute estimates from other sources.

7. Prices prior to i859 are taken from the old files of commercial newspapers; since i859, mainly from the records in my own office. In Liverpool I have aimed at giving the price of Spot Wheat and not futures; in San Francisco the current price of No. i Shipping; in freights I have adopted the rate per ton of 2240 pounds for No. I iron ships, direct to Liverpool, not to Cork for orders.

8. Exports. The exports are made up from the contemporary newspapers down to i866; thence to i878 from Friedlander's Circulars; thence to the present time, from the Commercial News. In all these statistics it has been very difficult to ensure certainty, as the original authorities often dis- agree widely.

Prior to railroad building the state was practically isolated except by sea. Since then there has been a little import and export by rail, but the volume has been small. Of late years, however, it is important enough to require notice, and has been taken into account.



602 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.

TABLE I.

RAINFALL ACREAGE ESTIMATED CROPS POPULATION (INCHES) (CENTALS)

I849-50 33 IO I850 1.,,,.... .......... I12 000

I850-5I 7 40 I85I .......... ..........I6o 000

I85I-52 i8 44 I852 .......... I63 058 224 435 i852-53 35 26 I853 .......... 375 000 240 000 I853-54 23 87 I854 69 86o I 28I i6o 275 000 I854-55 23 68 I855 I47 257 I 325 540 293 000 i855-56 2I 66 I856 I7I 869 I 462 I20 307 000 I856-57 I9 88 I857 I64 642 I 057 700 327 000 i857-58 2I 8i i858 I86 464 I 5I7 400 344 000 I858-59 22 22 I859 28I I09 2 403 820 36I 000

I859-60 22 27 i86o 298 Io8 3 570 280 379 997 i86o-6I I9 72 i86i 323 I96 3 000 780 398 022 I86I-62 49 27 I862 410 202 3 527 720 416 047 I862-63 I3 62 I863 412 248 3 542 88o 434 072 i863-64 IO o8 I864 490 996

I 885 320 452 097

i864-65 24 73 i865 413 309 4 o62 320 470 I22

I865-66 22 93 I866 600 ooo 7 239 900 488 I47 I866-67 34 92 I867 905 385 7 226 340 5o6 I72 I867-68 38 84 I868 I I26 99I 8 476 ooo 524 I97 I868-69 2I 35 I869 I 274 56o 8 700 320 542 222

I869-70 I9 3I I870 I 528 89I 7 I07 240 560 247 i870-7I I4 10 I87I I 525 993 4 984 900 590 692

I87I-72 34 7I I872 I 769 668 I5 I73 620 62I I37 1872-73 i8 02 1873 2 128 615 II 665 420 651 582

1873-74 23 98 I874 2 I56 I49 I4 593 020 682 027

I874-75 I8 40 I875 2 365 852 II 545 440 7I2 472 i875-76 26 OI I876 2 397 7I3 I6 899 220 742 9I7 I876-77 IO 00 I877 2 075 902 8 99I o6o 773 362

i877-78 3I 12 1878 2 346 472 I6 372 88o 803 807 I878-79 24 56 I879 2 300 000 I6 I6o I40 834 252

1879-80 26 38 I 880 2 240 000 32 537 360 864 697 i88o-8I 29 86 I88I 2 367 200 20 503 340 899 04I

I88I-82 I6 I4 i882 2 767 000 2I 439 o6o 933 385 I882-83 20 I2 I883 2 795 000 2I 403 68o 967 729

i883-84 32 38 I884 3 o6o 000 29 873 8oo I 002 073

1884-85 i8 IO I885 2 800 000 I5 234 780 I 036 417 i885-86 33 ?5 I886 3 IOO 000 2I 230 300 I 070 76I I886-87 I9 04 I887 3 200 000 I7 639 8oo I I05 I05 I887-88 i6 74 i888 3 IOO 000 i8 643 o8o I I39 449 I888-89 23 86 I889 3 300 000 25 959 66o I I73 793 I889-90 45 84 I890 3 000 000 i8 723 68o I 208 I30 I890-9I I7 58 I89I ......... 2I 752 700 1 262 525 I89I-92 i8 53 I892 ......... 22 I44 840 I 3I9 338 I892-93 2I 75 I893 20 938 88o I 378 708



A PPENDIX. 603

TABLE II.

IMPORTS STOCKS ON HAND

FLOUR WHEAT TOTAL WHEAT TOTAL WHEAT YER SOURCE (BBLS.) (CENTAL.S) (CENTALS) YEAR (CENTALS)

1850 .......299 346 ......I 1898 038 I~~~~~~850 ... .. . 2936 .......... ..........I 8 o8 .. ..... ........... ..... I85 I Foreign 283 036. . .t957 I08 Eastern 39 000...........

I852 . ......... I76 72I .......... 2530 I63 ............ .......... 1853 .......... 2252 039 234 5771 3790 694 ............ .......... 1853-543 .......... 449 478 67 550 I 415 984 1854 July I3 47I 000 1854-553 .......... 48 800 ........ 1 46 400 1855 Aug. I 490 000 1855-563 . ......... 49 077 ........ 1 47 231 I856 " I 240 000 i856-57 Oregon 35 584 20 696 I36 223 I857 July 3I 300 000

Eastern 2 925 . 1857-58 Oregon 22 394 5 599 ) I858 I 30 721

Eastern 21 723 . .. . i6o 268 Foreign 2 IIO I5 988,

I858-59 Oregon 170 95!) 1859 I I24 49I Eastern 56 684 ..... I8I 315 Foreign ..... 0 658

1859-60 Oregon 977 ........o I86o " I 300 000 Eastern 5 437 20..... 20 6I6 Foreign ........ I 374

I86o-6i Oregon 33 935 3 957 } 8I6 I86I I 80 000 Eastern 8 ......

I86I-62 Oregon 9 473 . . 7 40 436 I862 I I20 000 Eastern 100......

I862-63 i 40 .......... I20 I863 " I 220 000

I863-64 Oregon ........ 65I 65I I864 I 250 000 I 864--65 44 14 372 46 292 I 865 " I 64 000

Eastern 4 387 2 2IO 358 OOI Foreign 75 440 26 902

1865-66 Oregon 6 937 655. S866 I 0oo 000 Foreign 9 883 15 II 65I57

I866-67 Oregon 74 703 I2 222 236 33I I867 I I20 000

I867-68 1t I40 900 I2I 300 544 000 I868 I 93 6oo I868-69 14 IO 000 45 000 375 000 I869 I 248 408 I869-70 ; I122 I36 67 27I 433 679 I870 " I 318 759 1870-7I I80 558 43 194 584 868 I87I I 400 000 I87I-72 II8 31I 24I 7I3 596 648 I872 I 200 000 I872-73 88 I85 43 862 308 417 I873 I I 200 000 I873-74 I30 735 406 I03 798 308 I874 I 200 000 1874-75 66 o66 25 586 223 783 I875 I 371 I04 I875-76 60 562 2I8 298 399 983 I876 I I72 908 I876-77 85 6II I02 938 359 77I I877 I 529 747 I877-78 91 o6i 538 77I 8II 953 1878 I 345 117 I878-79 96 273 29I 683 580 505 I879 I 706 609 1879-80 II0 9IO 323 II7 655 947 I880 I 4I6 623 I880-8I 90 260 I66 6I4 437 397 I88I I 12 85I 054 I881-82 | 56 3II 393 289 562 225 I882 1 3 I80 875 I882-83 | 68 303 I54 550 359 459 I883 ' I I 2I0 500 I883-84 1 6

I44 940 232 204 667 025 I884 " I I OOI 850 I884-85 | 97 390 4I0 863 703 033 I885 I 5 595 300 I885-86 6 " 98 66o I 339 877 I 635 858 I886 I I 559 575 1886-87 | 65 526 I 000 406 I I96 984 I887 I 2 94I 225 '887-88 I08 737 I 183 727 I 509 938 I888 I 4 097 720 I888-89 103 265 83I I07 I I40 904 I889 June I 2 394 I25 I889-90 8I 546 573 595 8I8 233 1890 I 5 044 333 1890-9I 90 603 I 442 358 I 7I4 I66 I891 I I 990 o6o I89I-92 ii8 663 I 293 7I8 I 649 708 1

1892 I 2 46I 700 1892-93 123 676 990 844 I 36I 87I I893 I 4 735 904 I893-94 _ 168 994, I I6i I74 I 668 158 I894 I 8 787 020

'Calendar year. 2 SiX months. 3 Crop year.



604 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECOANOMI Y.

TABLE III.

EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR FROM CALIFORNIA, I854-94.

To EUROPE To CHINA, JAPAN, EAST INDIES, AND CAPE TOWN

YEAR WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT

(CENTALS) (BARRELS) (CENTALS) (CENTALS) (BARRELS) (CENTALS)

I854-55 4 752 7 4I5 26 997 I 482 2 I40 7 902 i855-56 6 479 i8 3I8 6I 433 . . ....... 622 i6 866 I856-57 ........... .......... ........... ....... . . . . 5 276 I5 828 I857-58 ... . ,,, ........... 2 48I 7 443 I858-59. ...... I 285 3 855 I859-60 ........... .......... ........ . . . 7 755 20 702 69 86i

i86o-6i I 075 I05 105 I78 I 390 639 44 040 30 330 I35 030 I86I-62 57I 248 7 I49 592 695 20 356 23 OI8 89 4IO I862-63 762 765 I4 569 8o6 472 I5I 442 52 299 308 339 I863-64 779 07I 2 280 785 9II I34 493 57 009 305 520 i864-65 ......... 31 I56 93 468 I865-66 69 o88 . . ... 69 o88 275 892 IOO 428 577 176 I866-67 2 497 969 50 I39 2 648 386 147 697 II5 047 492 838 I867-68 3 32I 000 48 938 3 467 8I4 23 I70 80 445 264 505 I868-69 3 025 539 9 IOO 3 052 839 85 689 I69 052 592 845 i869-70 4 732 787 2I I97 4 796 378 49 686 I98 822 646 I52

I870-7I 3 547 715 36 853 3 658 274 930 94 249 283 677 I87I-72 I 386 039 9 866 I 4I5 637 845 I73 225 520 520 I872-73 9 793 240 I5 858 9 840 8I4 3 I74 I42 944 432 oo6 I873-74 7 24I 798 449 37I 8 589 9II ... I07 I89 32I 567 I874-75 8 669 454 194 456 9 252 822 24 I67 177 177 555 698 I875-76 6 048 53I 209 472 6 676 947 I79 i6I 7I4 485 32I

I876-77 IO 422 401' 250 747 II I74 642 10 47I i6I 576 495 I99 I877-78 3 774 432 ii6 995 4 I25 4I7 75 703 I94 776 66o 03I I878-79 9 8I7 o8i II8 331 IO I72 074 3I 984 257 020 803 044 I879-80 IO 3II II9 ii8 282 IO 665 965 9 654 233 897 7II 345

i88o-8I I3 347 301 257 199 14 ii8 898 I 072 248 102 745 378 I88I-82 2I 980 I38 436 28I 23 288 98I I25 757 282 075 97I 982 I882-83 I4 432 304 643 858 i6 363 878 I26 694 288 792 993 070 i883-84 II 250 299 775 398 I3 576 493 rI7 298 72I 896 280 I884-85 I5 662 I03 708 340 I7 787 I23 78 4I1 042 I 233 204 I885-86 II 012 440 42I 8oi 12 277 843 68 362 47I 50I I 482 865 I886-87 II 8oo o66 284 069 I2 652 273 56 827 348 416 I I02 075 I887-88 8 559 720 20I 285 9 I63 575 ........... 408 965 I 226 895 i888-89 I2 452 885 243 735 13 I84 090 ........... 33I 662 994 986 I889-90 12 786 534 433 987 I4 o88 495 I4 43I 798 I 295 408

I890-9I I3 36I 543 390 239 I4 532 260 438 I73 I72 5I9 954 I89I-92 I2 6o6 I83 245 862 I3 343 769 I 426 963 I 280 890 I892-93 IO 28I 522 35I 047 II 334 663 6 523 5I5 I 570 55I I893-94 9 I69 697 38 295 9 284 582 2I 444 697 I 334 II2



APPENDIX. 6o0

TABLE III (CONTINUED).


To CENTRAL AMERICA AND MEXICO To ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC

YEAR _ _ __ WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT


I854-55 . ,.. 2 000 6 000 4 654 5 121 20 017 i855-56 . ....... 3 I 00 9 301-i ,.. . , 2 955' 8 866k I856-57 . ..... 667i 2 002 . . 2 617 7 85I i857-58 ... . 272 8i6 .... , ,,,,, I 357 4 07I I858-59 ........... 8io 2 430 7 856 2 575 I859-60 40 6 672 20 o56 8 142 2 940 i6 962

i86o-6I . ....... 8 009 24 027 . ....... 3 558 IO 674 I86I-62 . .......... 8 753 26 259 I 597 2 960 IO 477 I862-63 . . . , 5.. I5 476 46 428 9 2 I98 6 603 1863-64 is i6 625 49 890 7 382 6 68o 27 422 i864-65 629 20 I82 6i I75 390 3 62I II 253 i865-66 25 I3 4I2 40 26I 69 8 222 24 735 I866-67 I30 25 849 77 677 22I 8 430 25 5II i867-68 3 29 390 88 173 10 IO 278 30 844 i868-69 II7 48 40I I45 320 489 II 52I 35 052 I869-70 259 3I 699 95 356 9I7 I3 40I 4I I20

I870-71 2 40 760 I22 282 988 I2 970 39 898 i87I-72 85 57 388 I72 249 I 679 I3 540 42 299 I872-73 I67 49 698 I49 26I I 239 I3 65I 42 192 1873-74 I 009 57 836 I74 5I7 4 289 I4 645 48 224 I874-75 5 69 829 209 492 366 i6 439 49 683 1875-76 . . 28 272 84 8i6 475 I5 585 47 230 I876-77 12 50 482 I5I 458 348 I9 599 59 I45 i877-78 IO 297 83 528 260 88i 453 i8 863 57 042 I878-79 27 448 85 I38 282 862 I 248 26 339 80 265 I879-80 2I 354 9I 899 297 051 I 396 24 o87 73 657

188o-8i i6 079 90 222 286 745 3 054 30 445 94 389 I88I-82 12 2II 73 682 233 257 3 2I5 IO 798 35 609 I882-83 29 264 74 942 254 090 3 030 43 786 134 388 i883-84 25 764 8o 642 267 690 4 727 49 233 I52 426 i884-85 27 5o6 79 I95 265 09I 20 641 55 654 I87 603 1885-86 I2 299 94 9I6 297 047 7 o58 55 OII I72 09I I886-87 45 894 78 49I 28I 367 6 483 38 493 I21 962 I887-88 13 724 II9 095 37I 009 6 569 55 977 I74 5I5 I888-89 23 7I6 I25 942 40I 542 6 760 6o 688 i88 824 1889-90 28 283 I45 882 465 929 8 035 60 75I I90 288

I890-9I 9 3I9 I93 400 589 5I9 7 666 70 12I 2I8 029 I89I-92 2I 853 I98 747 6I8 094 8 930 69 307 2I6 85I I892-93 I7 683 I74 574 54I 405 9 693 59 7I7 i88 844 1893-94 I2 994 19I 848 588 538 8 093 66 939 208 9IO



6o6 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.



To BRITISH COLUMBIA, ALASKA To SOUTH AMERICA AND SIBERIA

YEAR _ WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT


I854-55 3 665 I 49I 8 I38 .... 650 I 950 I855-56 . ....... 4 330 I2 990 I 000 2I 466 65 398 I856-57 . . . 595 I 785 ....... 995 2 985 I857-58 . ....... 3 223 9 669 20 .......... 20 I858-59 ........... I5 546s 46 6392- . ... .. 337' I OI21 I859-60 2 899 22 0092- 68 927i 28 I43 905 30 858

i86o-6i I 327 8 732 27 523 30 950 3 3I5 40 895 I86I-62 2 I2I 23 I49 7I 568 8 682 I 278 I2 5i6 I862-63 4 356 39 5o8 I22 88o 28 I04 II4 28 446 i863-64 4 6I6 3I I57 98 o87 200 145 635 i864-65 I I03 I9 8io 60 533 ........... .......... ........... I865-66 5 9I8 37 254 II7 68o I5 7I8 5 900 33 4I8 I866-67 3 775 I5 573 50 494 ....... . i8 948 56 844 I867-68 I 2I9 7 027 22 300 II 904 64 5I5 205 449 I868-69 208 6 o66 i8 406 I4 974 90 453 286 333 I869-70 6o5 3 6i5 II 450 ........... I3 200 39 6oo

i870-7I I5 I 892 5 69I .......... 4 095 I2 285 I87I-72 858 9 I70 28 368 .... 964 2 892 i872-73 52I 7 5I2 23 057 . . ......... 3 753 II 259 I873-74 io8 7 265 2I 903 6 o67 2 460 I3 447 I874-75 267 5 322 i6 233 25 9I4 8 965 52 809 I875-76 . ....... 4 038 I2 II4 . . .... I2 306 36 9I8 I876-77 253 8 04I 24 376 22 663 28 22 747 I877-78 3I2 6 990 2I 282 77 460 I7 7II 130 593 I878-79 443 8 6I3 26 282 II4 824 24 o84 I87 076 I879-80 84 8 I93 24 663 I83 305 I7 59I 236 078

i88o-8i I22 I9 924 59 894 . . . i6 i6i 48 483 I88I-82 9o 10 878 32 724 I20 I3 466 40 518 I882-83 I 299 I0 342 32 325 2 i8 900 56 702 i883-84 I 477 22 79I 69 85o 3 24 946 74 84I i884-85 477 2I 523 65 046 2 23 428 70 286 I885-86 658 20 733 62 857 25 2I 589 64 792 I886-87 96 i6 587 49 857 49 893 28 565 I35 588 i887-88 249 I2 595 38 034 83 6i6 24 907 I58 337 I888-89 215 I5 033 45 314 I87 596 31 377 28I 727 I889-90 475 i6 554 50 I37 577 554 43 i56 707 022

I890-9I 382 II 22I 34 045 232 i68 63 389 422 335 I89I-92 336 I4 326 43 314 34 557 I02 386 34I 715 I892-93 98 I3 86o 4I 678 . . ......... 53 605 i6o 8i5 I893-94 55I 22 434 67 853 52 35 237 I05 763



APPENDIX. 607



To AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND To EASTERN DOMESTIC PORTS

Y E A R - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT (CENTALS) (BARRELS) (CENTALS) (CENTALS) (BARRELS) (CENTALS)

I854-55 I9 874 25 747 97 II5 39 66o 2 277 46 49I I855-56 IO 497 79 898 250 I9I ........... .......... ........... I856-57 22 OI7 27 224 I03 689 ........... .......... ........... I857-58 ......... 50 I50 1858-59 .......... .......... ........... ii6 200 7I6 I859-60 266 7II 5 345 282 746 66 696 . ...... 66 696

I86o-6I 239 943 37 622 352 809 I38 559 30 I38 649 I86I-62 233 976 30 499 325 473 7 762 32 7 858 I862-63 7I 72I I2 I03 I08 030 ........... 48 I44 I863-64 79 924 3I 252 I73 68o ........... 9 27 I864-65 22 989 I5 225 68 664 ........... 7 2I I865-66 67I 289 84 6I8 925 I43 6 827 32 6 923 I866-67 I74 I04 58 55I 349 757 8I8 609 I93 056 I 397 777 I867-68 25 309 37 08I I36 552 390 387 I48 483 835 836 I868-69 2I4 I3I 58 809 390 558 I 032 o66 66 53I I 23I 659 I869-70 47 274 69 370 255 384 33 o62 2 802 4I 468

I870-7I 6oI 2 53I 8 I94 32 873 I 4I3 37 II2 I87I-72 48 2 75I 8 30I I4 80I 25 494 9I 283 I872-73 28 972 I7 567 8I 673 8 258 I3 546 48 896 I873-74 22 400 I 22 403 I3 607 35 93I I2I 400 I874-75 33 68I 9 209 6I 308 50 026 44 2I7 I82 677 I875-76 70 500 I 570 64 440 7I 626 279 3I8 I876-77 63 683 I7 o63 II4 872 I07 833 .......... I07 833 I877-78 3 955 3 225 I3 630 .......... 270 8Io I878-79 3 094 7 905 26 809 ........... IO 30 I879-80 ........... .......... ........... ........... 40 I20

I88o-8I I39 .......... I39 ........... .......... ........... I88I-82 I44 042 3I 042 237 I68 295 049 6I 676 480 077 I882-83 2 429 I4 049 44 576 7 597 IO 970 40 507 I883-84 8I I92 657 2I8 8 705 26 333 I884-85 ........ 120 360 2I 628 5 339 37 645 I885-86 I74 923 I 640 I79 843 64 564 9 504 93 076 I886-87 40 79I 4 420 54 05I 4 960 2 872 I3 576 I887-88 3 383 I I52 I4 886 .......... I4 886 I888-89 337 48I 36 795 447 866 ........... .......... ........... I889-90 94 964 I6 2I2 I43 6oo ........... .......... ...........

I890-9I ....... 708 2 I24 ........... .......... ........... I891-92 8 376 784 IO 719 ........... .......... ........... I892-93 I 5II 358 2 585 ........... .......... ........... 1893-94 ........... .......... ........... ........... .......... ...........



6o8 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.


EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR FROM CALIFORNIA, 1854-94.

TOTAL EXPORTS

YEAR WHEAT FLOUR TOTAL WHEAT

(CENTALS) (BARRELS) (CENTALS)

I854-55 74 087 46 84I 2I4 6io I855-56 I7 976 I35 690 425 046 I856-57 22 017 37 374 I34 I39 I857-58 20 7 383 22 I69 I858-59 I23 I9 035 57 228 I859-60 380 386 58 573 556 I05

i86o-6i I 529 924 I96 774 2 I20 246 I86I-62 845 742 96 838 I I36 256 I862-63 I OI8 397 I36 3I5 I 427 342

I863-64 I 005 70I I45 I57 I 44I I72 i864-65 25 III 90 00I 295 II4 I865-66 I 044 826 249 866 I 794 424 I866-67 3 642 505 485 593 5 099 284 I867-68 3 773 002 426 I57 5 051 473 I868-69 4 373 2I3 459 933 5 753 OI2 I869-70 4 864 590 354 io6 5 926 908

I870-7I 3 583 I24 iI94 763 4 I67 4I3 I87I-72 I 404 355 292 398 2 28I 549 I872-73 9 835 57I 264 529 IO 629 I58 I873-74 7 289 278 674 698 9 3I3 372 I874-75 8 803 880 525 6I4 IO 380 722 I875-76 6 II3 695 503 5I3 7 624 234 I876-77 IO 627 664 507 536 I2 I50 272 I877-78 3 942 6I2 442 358 5 269 686 I878-79 9 996 I22 527 440 II 578 442 I879-80 IO 526 9I2 493 949 I2 oo8 759

I880-8i I3 367 767 662 093 I5 354 046 I88I-82 22 560 622 9g9 898 25 320 3I6 I882-83 I4 602 6I9 I I05 639 17 9I9 536 I883-84 II 282 670 I 260 628 I5 o64 554 I884-85 I5 732 435 I 304 64I I9 646 358 I885-86 II 340 329 I o96 695 I4 630 4I4

I886-87 I2 005 OIO 80I 9I3 I4 4I0 749 I887-88 8 678 767 823 2I2 II I48 403 I888-89 I3 oo8 653 845 232 I5 544 349 I889-gO I3 495 859 I I48 340 i6 940 879

I890-9I I3 6iI 5i6 902 250 i6 3I8 266 I89I-92 I2 680 227 I o58 375 I5 855 352 I892-93 IO 3I0 5I3 I I76 676 I3 840 54I I893-94 9 I9I 408 799 450 II 589 758



APPE-NDIX. 609

TABLE IV.

PRICE(i NO. I CALIFORNIA WHEAT IN LIVERPOOL. (SHILLINGS AND PENCE PER CWT.)

Ii866-7' I1867-681 i868-691 i869-701 i1870-711 I187I-721 I872-73

July ......... 10O 5 12 II 10 5 11 3 i6 1I

August........ 10O I0 12 5 II II II 9 12 I

September ...... 13 7 12 II II I0 2 12 6 13 I October.. .... 15 9 12 7 10 6 I0 7 13 I 13 November.. . . .i6 3 12 4 I0 II 3 12 II 12 7 December. . . .1- I5 4 12 2 9 9 I I 6 12 8 12 6 January. .. 10O 10 15 I I I I 9 9 5 II I0 12 8 12 7 February. 10 .I 6 15 I0 I'I 2 9 II II 12 5 12 2

March..... 1 I 1 5 I I I0 5 9 4 I I I I I I I I I I I0

April ..... I I I i6 9 3 9 2 12 3 12 I I 8 May...... I I 15 3 9 5 9 8 12 3 12 10 12 I June ...... 0I 9 13 II 9 II I0 7 II II 12 9 12 I

1i873-74 1i874-75 I1875-76 II1876-77 li1877-78 1i878-79 I1879-80

July ....... II II 9 10 4 9 7 12 7 I0 2 9 3 August ....122 10 9 114 95 123 10 3 9 2

September . 13 I0 3 II 9 I0 [2 10 I0 I 9 4 October.1.. 2 8 I0 II 2 10 5 12 II I0 II 2 November. 1 3 I 9 9 10 II 10 9 12 10 9 9 II December. 1 3 6 10 I 10 10 II 2 12 10 9 6 IIt January.. 13 . 9 9 8 107 II 12 4 9 3 II F'ebruary.1.. 3 93 10 3 10 9 124 93 IO 8 March.....12 3 9 3 10 3 I0 8 II 8 9 2 II 3 April .....12 7 9 3 10 12 II 4 9 I 10 10

May......12 8 9 9 10 12 7 II 3 9 I I0 7 June......12 7 9 10 2 12 3 I0 5 9 I 9 10

__________ 88o-8i 1881-82 I 882-83 I883-84TI884-85 i885-86 i886-87

July .101.. I 9 7 10 9 7 78 6 6II 66 August.... 9IO 10 6 9 Ia 9 5 7 9 6 II 6 9 September.. 9 5 11 I 9 6 9 3 7 1 6 II 6 IO October.. 9T0 II 6 92 9 2 7 1 72 6 8 November.... 10 2 II 6 9 2 9 6 6 7 I 6 10 December. 9 II I0 8 9 I 8 IO 6 9 7 7 5 January... 98 10 9 9 2 8 5 7 2'2 610O 7 7 February. 96 IO 8 9 7 8 2 6 ii 6 7 7 6 March. 97 910O 9 5 8 6 ii 6 9 7 7 April ..... 96 101I 93 77 7 4 6ii 7 7 May...... 95 10 9 3 78 71I 71I 8

June..--.,96 9 9 91I 77 6ii 6 7 7 9

__________I887-88 I888-89 i1889-90 i890-91 189I-92 I1892-931 I893-94

July...... 7 4 6 7 7 7 I 7 II 7 5 II August .... 67 7 4 6i I 7 5 8 9 6 io 5 9 September.. 6 7 If 6i I 7 3 8 9 6 4 5 9 October..... 62 8 2 74 7 4 8 8 6 8 5 8 November. . 68 8 3 71 7 5 9 6 8 5 7 December. 69 710O 72 7 5 8g9 6 4 5 5 January .... 69 7 7 73 7 7 8 4 6 4 5 3 February. .. 67 7 7 71 79 8 6 3 51I March...... 67 7 6 71 8 3 8 6 5 April ..... 67 71I 7 8 8 7 5 51II 5 May...... 68 6 9 71 8 7 7 5 6 6i 5 June...... 6 6 6 7 6i I I8 4 7 2'Y2 5 IO1 4 9

'There was no regular market until i867.



610 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.

TABLE V.

PR1CE OF FLOUR AND WHEAT IN SAN FRANCISCO (IN DOLLARS AND CENTS)

I849-50 1850-5I I85I-52

FLOUR FLOUR FLOUR

CHILI. AMERICAN. CHILI. AMERICAN. CHILI. AMERICAN. Sks. 200 lbs. Bbls. 196 lbs. SkS. 200 lbs. Mbs. 196 lbs. SkS. 200 lbs. Bbs. 196 lbs.

July ....15 00 14 00 I0 00 II 00 Aug.... .12 00 14 50 12 00 9 50 12 00

Sept 1... 3 00 12 00 12 50 13 00 Oct .1.... 7 00 II 00 27 00 19 00 12 75 12 00 Nov .... 13 00 12 00 17 00 i6 oo 12 00 12 00 Dec....... 31 00 30 00 17 00 i6 oo II100 1o000 Jan ..1.. 2 00 II 50 17 00 17 00 II 00 II 25 Feb..... 14 00 12 00 1200 1400 Io000 Io000 March 1.. 2 00 10 00 11 00 1100 9 00 8 5o April .... 750 7 50 10 00 10 00 8 5o 925 May .... 13 00 11 50 9 00 9 00 7 75 8oo0 June...., 9 50 9 00 1Qo00 Io000 i8oo 20 00

i852-53 I853-54 i854-55

FLOUR WHEAT FLOUR WHEAT FLOUR WHEAT

CHILI. AmERICAN. 'CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. Sks. 200 lbs. Bbls.:i96 lbs . Per Cental. Per 196 lbs. Per Cental. Per iq6 lbs. Per Cental.

July ... 19 00 20 00 ..... I8 00 4 25-4 50 3 2- 50 Aug.. 2500 250100 4 50-3 00 900 250I7

Sept... 32 00 32 00 5 -6 10 50 3 00-3 75 7 50 1 75-I150 Oct.. .. 28 00 30 00 5 50-6 12 00 3 00-4 00 8 00 2 00O-I 50 Nov ... 41 00 42 00 6 -12 9 00 3 25-4 50 9 00 I 50-2 00 Dec ... 30 00 31 00 9 -12 10 50 3 50-5 00 10 00 I 50-3 25 Jan.... 30 00 22 00 II -8 II 00 4 75-3 25 7 50 2 00-3 25 Feb ... 10 00 10 00 8 -4 501 7 50 3 50-2 50 10 00 2 00-2 87 March. 12 00 II 50 4 -3 10 00 2 50-2 75 10 00 2 00-2 50 April. . 150 100 3-2 25 100 27-50 6 00 I 50-2 50 May.. . 9 50 10 25 2 25 8 50 3 50-3 00 ... I 25-2 00 June.. . 12 00 13 00 2 50-3 9 00 3 00-3 251 6 00 1 25-I 75

1855-56 I856-57 I857-58 FLOUR WvHEAT FLOUR WHEAT FI.OUR WHEAT

CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. Per 196 lbs. Per Cental. Per 196 lbs. Per Cental. Per 296 lbs. Per Cental.

July..... 7 00 I150-2 00 7 75 3 00-2 25 8o 10 2 50-3 00 Aug..... 8o 10I50-2 00 7 25 2 00-2 25 8 25 2 50-3 00 Sept ..... 9 00 I 50-2 75 7 00 2 25-2 50 9 50 3 I2-3 25 Oct .... . 950 2 50-3 00 6 75 2 50-2 12 10 50 3 I2-3 25 Nov..... 900 2 00-3 00 6 75 2 00-2 50 12 00 3 50-4 25 Dec.. . 8 5o 2 75-3 25 675 2 37-2 62 1350 4 00-412 Jan .... . 925 3 25-2 50 7 25 2 50-2 62 17 00 5 00-5 25 Feb ..... 8oo 2 50-3 00 11 00 3 50-3 62 19 00 4 75-5 00 March.. .. 9 25 3 00-3 25 12 00 4 I2-4 25 15 00 5 00 April..... II 00 3 25-4 00 13 00 4 I2-4 25 13 00 4 50-5 00 May . 1... 3 00 3 75-4 50 II 00 4 50-4 75 14 00 3 75-4 00 June.... 900 4 37-5 00 7 25 325-3 37 1400 3 00-4 00



APPENDIX. 6 i i

TABLE VI.

PRICE OF CALIFORNIA WHEAT AT SAN FRANCISCO. (DOLLARS PER CENTAL.)

-____ I858-59 I859-60 i86o-6i I86I-62 I862-63 I863-64 I864-65 I865-66 I866-67 July ... 3 25 2 I2'2 I 35 I 52'2 I 58 I 62Y2 3 I0 2 07 I 55 August. 2 62 I 77 I 25 I 35 I 62Y 1 45 3 40 I 68 I 52'%

Sept... 3 00 1 672 I 232 I 35 I 57 2 I 372 3 472 I 85 I 4I October 2 75 I 55 I 25 I 70 I 52f I 30 3 83 I 92s2

I 6o Nov. .. 2 75 I 40 I 35 I 8o I 55 I 3IY4[ 3 87's I 97 2 2 00

Dec ... 2 62 I 55 I 52'Y I 91 I 75 I 40 3 6o 2 05 I 92'Y

January 2 622 I 62s I 45 2 25 I 78 I 46'4 4 00 2 20 I 77 Y Feb. .. 2 65 I 80 I 6o 2 27'2 I 77'/ I 533Y 4 50 2 20 I 80 March.. 2 86 I88' 8 7's 2 30 I 72 I 77 Y 5 o8 2 05 2 00

April.. . 2 75 I 80 I 50 2 55 I 60 2 I123 5 00 I 82 Y 2 I5 May. . . 2 55 I 65 I 75 2 52'2 I 62's 2 65 4 25 I 75 2 I0 June... 2 I5 I 55 I 82 2 I72 I 67/, 2 6o 3 I62/3 I 65 I 79

I 867-68 I868-69iI869--70 I870-7I I87I-72 1872-73 I873-74 I874-751I875-76

July . . .I 80 I 87 I 7834 I 92? 2 35 I 6o I 72? I 70 2 I2

August. I 82 I 83 I 72 I 75 2 25 I 52 I 95 I 6o 2 30 Sept. . . 2 02'2 I 84 I 56 I 72? 2 65 I 62? 2 30 I 55 2 I0

October 2 48 I 82? I 50 I 97? 2 70 I 62 1 2 25 I 52? 2 05 Nov... 2 65 I 82Y I 5I 2 072 2 60 I 65 1 2 30 I 55 I 97'Y Dec.... 2 55 I 85 I 5834 2 i6 2 50 2 00 1 2 32'2 I 55 2 00

January 2 72'2 I 78'Y I 65 2 5I 2 27 2 2 05 2 27,5? I 62? I 95 Feb ... 2 722 1 782 I 65 2 40 2 25 1 90 2 05 I 572 I 922 March.. 2 62'2 I 67? I 62'2 2 40 2 10 I 82Y2 I 97 Y I 65 I go April.. . 250 I6o I57o 2270 I97 I85 195 175 I 85 May. .. 2 20 I 57'2 I 87's 2 88 2 I0 I 90 I 85 I 72'Y I 70 June... 2 38 I 6 I ' I go 2 40 I 90 I 77 2 I 80 I 75 I 62 '

I876-77 I877-78 I878-79 I879-80 I880-8I 188I-82 I882-83 I883-841 I884-85

July ... I 57? 2 25 I 65 I 70 I 50 I 42'2 I 72? I 57 Y I 40 August. 1 522 2 20 1 70 I 65 I 45 I 6o I 672 I 70 1 32'2 Sept. . . I 55 2 35 I 70 I 72? I 35 I 67 s I 65 I 72? 1 I I8 October I 67s 2 35 I 67' 1 I 97 I 47' 2 I 72 I 70 I 70 I 25 Nov. I 85 2 30 I 72 s1 2 02 '2 I 52' 1 I 742 1 70 I 8o I 2634/ Dec... 2 11 2 35 1 72' 2 2 05 1 50 1I 65 1 75 I 82' 2 I 27 2

January 2 I5 2 20 1 70 2 02'2 I 40 I 70 I 82'2 I 78 2 I 30 Feb . . . 2 05 2 022 I 6 7 1I 95 1 35 I 672 1 90 I 65 I 26 '4 March.. 2 10 I 90 I 65 I 95 I 3I I 62'2 I 9523 I 6o 1 30 April.. . 2 63 2 00 I 65 1 75 1 40 1 I58 I So I 55 1 40 May. . . 2 75 I 95 I 62' | I 55 I 40 I 70 I 75 1 52 Y2 I 42'2

June... 2 30 1 722 I 62 Y/1 47 2 I 40 I 67 '2 I 65 I 147 21 I 422

I885-86 1886-87 1887-881I888-891I889-901I890-91 I89I-9218I92-931i893-94

July * . I 42'2 I 25 I 85 I 36'Y4 I 30 I 35 I 533Y4 I 37'2 I 17'2 August. I 40 I 31 I 6o I 46 s| I 32 ?2 I 38 Y2 I 6 I '4I I 35 I o6 Y Sept ... 1I 42'2 1 35 1I 25 1I 50 I 27'2 1 35 1I 65 1 30 1I 05 October I 50 I 35 I 27 Y

I 63'2 I 31'Y I 32'2 I 6831 I 32'2 I 03 4 Nov. .. I 42'2 I 37 Y I 30 I 56'1 I 30 I 3I3'/ I 8 3 I 30 I 02'Y Dec. . . 1I 37'2 I 49 1I 37 Y I 45 1I 27'2 I 32'2 I 77 s I 25 I 05 January I 32 1 I 55 I 35 I 40 I 27 1 I 34 I 77 1 I 3I I 0234

Feb ... I 27'2 1 50 I 32'21 I42'Y2 I 25 1 37 Y2 I 66'Y4 I 27 1 95 March.. I 30 1I 55 I 28?1 I 43 I 26'1 I 48 Y4 I 62'2 I 25 92 2 April.. . I 35 I 72'2 I 32% I 37 Y2 I 27

I 6i I 52'2 I 25 ....... May... I 30 1I 75 1I 37 Y I 3I' I 30 I 72'2 I 47'I I 2834 --.---

June... | I 2I I 9I I 32?2, I 26'. I 2721 I 66'4 I 40 | I 2334, ......



61I2 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.

TABLE Vii.

RATES OF FREIGHT -SAN FRANCISCO TO LIVERPOOL. (SHILLINGS AND PENCE PER TON OF 2240 LBS.)

i86o-6i i86i-62 i862-63 1863-64 i864-65 i865-66 i866-67 i867-68i1868-69

s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d s d July.. 85 ..........49......... 6o 57 6 65 August. .50 49 57 ......... 6o 67 61 66 6 Sept. .. 6o ....51 57......... 60 62 6 64 October 66 45 54 6o ......... 62 6o 6o Nov. .. 67 45 5 I 56..........6o 66 57 6 Dec...... . 39 ....5 6......... 65 4 76 52 6 January 5 4 5...55. ..... 676 5 0 52 6 Feb ... 56 ....49 56 ......... 72 6 47 6 52 6 March.. 50 ....49 ....'.........65 47 6 45 April.. . 56 ....49............. . 5~26 50 45 May.. 40 ....50. . . . 5 57 6 47 6

June~~~~~~~3 .... . ..43. . . 65 50 ....5

____i869-70 I870-7I I187 1-72 1872-73 I873-74 1874-75 I87 5-76 I876-77 I877-78

s d s d s d s d s d s d a d s d a d July.. 526 6o 50 75 95 77 6 42 6 6o 42 6 August. 626 576 40 77 6 77 6 67 6 45 57 6 4 5 Sept. .. 716 50 3 76 So 6 26 6o 5 0 5 76 37 6 October 646 476 40 8 5 65 5 5 5 0 6o 37 6 Nov.. 626 45 40 85 62 6 55 52 6 47 6 35 Dec.. 50 45 45 8o 75 6o 50 42 6 32 6 January 45 40 55 8o 8o 55 45 40 37 6 Feb . .. 45 40 50 82 6 8t 47 6 42 6 42 6 50 March.. 426 426 52 6 8o 75 42 6 45 40 49 April.. . 426 426 53 6 77 6 70 40 50 42 6 47 May... . 45 ....65 78 6 72 6 42 6 55 6 45 48 June.. 576 .....776 90 77 6 47 6 66 42 6 50

I878-79 I879-80 i88o-8i 188I1-82 I882-83 I883-84 I884-85!i885-86

a d a d a d a d ad ad ad s d July.......48 42 6 57 6 77 6 55 52 6 32 6 32 August......49 47 6 58 8o 52 6 55 35 30 September.... 40 46 6 66 82 6 46 3 45 37 6 27 6 October. 376 62 6 72 7 76 42 6 40 35 29 6 November....3 5 6t 6 7 26 70 42 6 32 6 3 13 28 3 December ....326 59 6 70 69 3 76 2 5 2 76 26 9

January . ----- 326 57 6 71 67 6 35 22 6 37 6 26 3 February.....39 47 6 65 65 40 27 6 35 28 March......456 40 75 57 6 40 30 33 9 30 3 April.......476 39 6 77 6 6o 41 27 6 32 6 30 3 May.......45 52 6 75 55 42 6 32 6 32 6 29 6 June 45 55 72 6 50 50 32 6 32 31 3

i886-871i887-88 i888-89 i889-901i890-9i 189I-92 1892-93i1893-94

ad a d a d a d a d ad ad ad July ...... 319 25 23 9 31 3 37 6 42 6 22 6 22 9

August .....289 263 32 6 33 41 9 45 22 6 27 6 September... 28 28 369 62 41 3 46 6 20 October . 266 26 36 9 33 37 6 35 2131 30 6 November.. 26 25 6 35 6 33 9 140 30 21 3 25 December . 276 24 6 36 3 32 6 40 25 1 8 9 22 9 January .....27 6 22 6 38 9 32 6 38 6 17 6 19 6 I 22 6 February.....263' 219 36 3 326 35 17 6 20 23 3 March......21 3 20 6 30 6 33 9 37 6 i6 6 t6 3 25 April ......20 22 6 25 6 32 6 38 9 7 6 15 24 6 May...... 213 21 3 27 6 35 37 6 20 17K6 23 9 June ......I213 23I 30 366 386 17 6 25

' March, 1364-May, i866, there were no exports, on account of higit prices in San Francisco.



appendix i: tables relating to california breadstuffs

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