application of energy statistics energy efficiency indicators & greenhouse gas inventories

© OECD/IEA 2010

APPLICATION OF ENERGY STATISTICS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS&

GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES

UN Energy Statistics WorkshopBeijing, China

Sept., 201

Pierre BoileauHead, non-OECD Country Energy Statistics

Energy Statistics Division

© OECD/IEA 2010

Why such a high interest in efficiency

Saving energy in all sectors:ResidentialTransportsIndustryServicesElectricity generation

Increasing exports - reducing imports Increasing domestic (and global) energy security Strengthening RD&D Creating jobs Reducing green house gas (mainly CO2) emissions

© OECD/IEA 2010

EFFICIENCY’S ROLE IN CO2 EMISSIONS ABATEMENT

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

2007 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Gt

450 Scenario

Reference Scenario

OECD+

Other Major Economies Other

Countries

3.8 Gt

13.8 Gt

CCSNuclear

Renewables

& biofuels

Efficiency

World abatement by technology

20203.8 Gt

65%

19%

13%3%

203013.8 Gt

57%

23%

10%10%

More than 50% of the reduction of CO2 emissions should come from energy efficiency

More than 50% of the reduction of CO2 emissions should come from energy efficiency

© OECD/IEA 2010

China Reduce CO2 intensity of the economy by 40-45% between 2005 and 2020

India Reduce CO2 intensity of the economy by 20% between 2005 and 2020

The European Union: the 20-20-20 programme by 2020 Contribution of energy efficiency to reduce the energy consumption by 20%

Russia: Reduce the energy intensity of GDP of the Russian economy by 40% compared to the 2007 levels.

How to verify if countries meet their targets?

Identify priorities for energy efficiency policies

Assess progresses and failures of policies

How to verify if countries meet their targets?

Identify priorities for energy efficiency policies

Assess progresses and failures of policies

Countries are adopting ambitious targetsCountries are adopting ambitious targets

© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Basic energy statisticsBasic energy statistics

Example of Canada’s Residential Sector

Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Why Go Beyond Aggregate Energy Consumption Data?Data?

© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC



© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita



© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household



© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household

Total/Sq. m



© OECD/IEA 2010

70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household

Total/Sq. m

Space heat/Sq. m



© OECD/IEA 2010

What should be collected: Collecting any What should be collected: Collecting any statistics has a cost. As a consequence, one statistics has a cost. As a consequence, one should limit the collecting to what is necessary. should limit the collecting to what is necessary.

Modelling

Commercial/public

Industry

Socio-economic

Process

ResidentialEnergy data

Transport

End uses

ISIC: 2, 3, or 4 digits

Surveys

Census

Appliances

Data quality / timeliness

Monetary data

Fleet of vehicles

Frequency

Priorities depend on many elements: climate (heating vs. cooling), structure of the economy (industry vs. services) size of the country (transport, domestic aviation), energy

mix (biomass), electrification rate, GDP/capita, …

Priorities depend on many elements: climate (heating vs. cooling), structure of the economy (industry vs. services) size of the country (transport, domestic aviation), energy

mix (biomass), electrification rate, GDP/capita, …

But what is necessary?

© OECD/IEA 2010

People's Republic of China / République populaire de Chine : 2005

Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent / Milliers de tonnes d'équivalent pétrole

SUPPLY AND Coal Crude Petroleum Gas Nuclear Hydro Geotherm. Combust. Electricity Heat TotalCONSUMPTION Oil Products Solar Renew.

etc. & Waste

APPROVISIONNEMENT Charbon Pétrole Produits Gaz Nucléaire Hydro Géotherm. Comb. Electricité Chaleur TotalET DEMANDE brut pétroliers solaire ren. &

déchetsetc.

Production 1145355 181427 - 42621 13835 34143 - 223561 - - 1640944Imports 14893 126817 41493 - - - - - 431 - 183634Exports -55279 -8067 -16722 -2484 - - - - -963 - -83514Intl. Marine Bunkers - - -7642 - - - - - - - -7642Stock Changes -17345 788 288 - - - - - - - -16269

TPES 1087624 300965 17417 40137 13835 34143 - 223561 -532 - 1717153

Transfers - -74 88 - - - - - - - 13Statistical Differences 7118 -1328 917 -1137 - - - - - - 5570Electricity Plants -527596 -213 -15059 -2637 -13835 -34143 - -861 214780 - -379565CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Heat Plants -71089 -3 -2672 -1938 - - - -503 - 54660 -21545Gas Works -6640 - -144 4841 - - - - - - -1943Petroleum Refineries - -290405 283439 - - - - - - - -6966Coal Transformation -69485 - - - - - - - - - -69485Liquefaction Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Other Transformation - - - - - - - - - - -Own Use -46624 -5037 -17434 -6549 - - - - -28398 -10647 -114690Distribution Losses - - -20 -864 - - - - -14494 -630 -16009

TFC 373308 3905 266532 31852 - - - 222197 171355 43383 1112532

INDUSTRY SECTOR 279763 2509 35753 12366 - - - - 116217 29153 475761Iron and Steel 102809 - 3011 894 - - - - 21882 3667 132263Chemical and Petrochemical 28095 - 5380 5589 - - - - 21588 12899 73550Non-Ferrous Metals 8147 - 1559 791 - - - - 12639 1811 24947Non-Metallic Minerals 85282 - 8904 2540 - - - - 12179 149 109054Transport Equipment 3226 - 1067 459 - - - - 2580 625 7956Machinery 9117 - 3834 1360 - - - - 13801 978 29091Mining and Quarrying 3628 - 1225 151 - - - - 4337 303 9644Food and Tobacco 11818 - 1577 218 - - - - 4123 1977 19714Paper Pulp and Printing 8551 - 761 65 - - - - 4019 2373 15768Wood and Wood Products 1870 - 268 14 - - - - 1114 127 3392Construction 3200 - 4161 125 - - - - 2012 111 9608Textile and Leather 9378 - 1572 64 - - - - 8288 3685 22987Non-specified 4642 2509 2434 98 - - - - 7656 448 17788

TRANSPORT SECTOR 4080 - 108334 79 - - - - 1737 - 114230International Aviation - - 2095 - - - - - - - 2095Domestic Aviation - - 7566 - - - - - - - 7566Road - - 75670 70 - - - - - - 75740Rail 4079 - 9129 - - - - - 1737 - 14944Pipeline Transport - - 4627 9 - - - - - - 4636Domestic Navigation 1 - 9247 - - - - - - - 9248Non-specified 1 - - - - - - - - - 1

OTHER SECTORS 67380 238 61076 12071 - - - 222197 53401 14230 430593Residential 46162 - 17598 8895 - - - 222197 24293 12356 331502Comm. and Publ. Services 5190 - 22302 3177 - - - - 10040 867 41576Agriculture/Forestry 12155 - 21175 - - - - - 7536 18 40885Fishing - - - - - - - - - - -Non-specified 3872 238 - - - - - - 11532 988 16630

NON-ENERGY USE 22085 1158 61369 7336 - - - - - - 91948in Industry/Transf./Energy 22085 1158 61369 7336 - - - - - - 91948 of which: Feedstocks - 1158 33590 7336 - - - - - - 42084in Transport - - - - - - - - - - -in Other Sectors - - - - - - - - - - -

Electr. Generated - GWh 1972267 - 60634 11931 53088 397017 - 2504 - - 2497441 Electricity Plants 1972267 - 60634 11931 53088 397017 - 2504 - - 2497441 CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - -Heat Generated - TJ 2091954 - 94145 90203 - - - 12645 - - 2288947 CHP Plants - - - - - - - - - - - Heat Plants 2091954 - 94145 90203 - - - 12645 - - 2288947

Energy Balance

OTHER SECTORS 67380 238 61076 12071 - - - 222197 53401 14230 188090

Residential 46162 - 17598 8895 - - - 222197 24293 12356 156840

Comm. & Pub. Services 5190 - 22302 3177 - - - - 10040 867 11931

Agriculture/Forestry 12155 - 21175 - - - - - 7536 18 14286

Fishing - - - - - - - - - - -

Non-specified 3872 238 - - - - - - 11532 988 5033

No breakdown by end use: - heating - DHW - lighting - cooking - air conditioning - appliances

No breakdown by end use: - heating - DHW - lighting - cooking - air conditioning - appliances

What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels

What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels

No breakdown by end use and by function of buildings (hospitals, schools, hotels, offices, restaurants, etc.)

No breakdown by end use and by function of buildings (hospitals, schools, hotels, offices, restaurants, etc.)

© OECD/IEA 2010

What indicators can be built What indicators can be built from the energy balancesfrom the energy balances

Oil (53%)

Gas (18.8%)

Coal (22.4%)

Other** (2.4%)

Hydro (2.1%)

Nuclear (1.3%)

Figure 1. TPES* in 1973

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Coal Oil Gas Hydro Nuclear Other**

Figure 5. Electricity Generationby Fuel

0

50

100

150

200

1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 20040

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Electricity/GDP TPES/GDP Production/TPES

Figure 6. Electricity Consumption/GDP, TPES/GDP and Energy Production/TPES

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1973 2004 1973 2004 1973 2004

Coal Oil Gas Electricity Other*****

Industry Transport Other Sectors****

Figure 4. Breakdown of Sectorial Final Consumption by Source in 1973 and 2004

© OECD/IEA 2010

AggregatedIndicators

TPES/GDP

TPES/Production

Electricity Cons./Population

CO2/GDP PPP

Efficiency Elec. Prod.

Cons./ton cement

Heating Cons./sqm/DD

Litre/100km (stock)

The focus will be mainly limited to the data needed to build the

disaggregated indicators

The focus will be mainly limited to the data needed to build the

disaggregated indicators

Dry process

Condensing boiler

Litre/100km (vintage)

What data for what indicatorsWhat data for what indicators

ProcessEfficiency

DisaggregatedIndicators

DisaggregatedIndicators

© OECD/IEA 2010

No answer to the following questions No answer to the following questions from the annual questionnairesfrom the annual questionnaires

How much energy is consumed to produce a ton of cement, steel, etc?

How much energy is used for heating/cooling a square metre of floor in residential?

What is the average consumption of gasoline per passenger-km in a car?

What is the consumption of electricity in street lighting?

The lack of detailed data on energy consumption was one of the starting points for the indicators programmeThe lack of detailed data on energy consumption was one of the starting points for the indicators programme

© OECD/IEA 2010

PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIESPRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES

COMMODITIESCOMMODITIES

© OECD/IEA 2010

Thermal Energy Requirement per tonne of Clinker by Country including Alternate Fuels

© OECD/IEA 2010

Data can be used to estimate potential Data can be used to estimate potential savingssavings

© OECD/IEA 2010

Diffusion, stocks and average Diffusion, stocks and average consumptionconsumptionof selected appliancesof selected appliances

RESIDENTIAL

%

106

kW

h/u

nit

© OECD/IEA 2010

Household energy use by end use

© OECD/IEA 2010

Decomposition of changes in space heatingper capita, 1990-2006

© OECD/IEA 2010

International Context for Greenhouse Gases

Stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.

1992: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at Rio de Janeiro conference

1995 (1996): IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesDevelopment of methodologies for gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

1997: Kyoto Protocol (entry into force 2005)Reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions for the period 2008-2012 of about 5% compared to 1990.

2000: Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

2006: 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

2008-2012: End of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol

© OECD/IEA 2010

Energy 83%

Industrial processes

7%

Agriculture 7%

Waste 3%

94%

5%1%

CH4

N2O

CO2

Share of energy in GHG emissions (Annex I countries)

Key point: Accounting for the largest share of global GHG emissions, energy emissions are predominantly CO2.

Source: UNFCCC

© OECD/IEA 2010

Total emissions: 29.0 Gt CO2

World CO2 emissions by sector in 2009

Key point: Between 1971 and 2009, the combined share of electricity and heat generation and transport shifted from 1/2 to 2/3 of global emissions.

© OECD/IEA 2010

Non emitting

TWh

World electricity generation by fuel

Key point: Although non- and low-emitting sources are growing, electricity generation is becoming more CO2-intensive as a result of coal use.

© OECD/IEA 2010

Gt CO2

Trend in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion

Key point: Since 1870, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion have risen exponentially.

Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US

© OECD/IEA 2010

Accuracy

Accuracy

IPCC methodologies

IEA CO2 estimates are calculated using the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines although the IPCC published new Guidelines in 2006.

Kyoto Protocol is based on the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

Tier 1 Simplest method Activity data available to all countries

Tier 2 Country or technology-specific emission

factor Tier 3

More detailed or country-specific methods

© OECD/IEA 2010

Can be done from two independent sets of data:

Supply of fuels to the countryReference Approach

Consumption by end-use sectors Sectoral Approach

IPCC methodology: Tier 1

Basic computation for CO2 emissions:

CO2 emissions by product: Fuel Quantity x Emission Factor(with corrections for stored and unoxidised carbon)

Sum over all different products

© OECD/IEA 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009

Kyoto target

International Bunkers

Non-Annex I Parties

Non-Participating Annex I Parties

Kyoto Parties with targets

Gt CO2

IPCC Guidelines: International aviation and international marine bunkers are not included in national totals.

Note on international bunkers

© OECD/IEA 2010

2009 World CO2 emissions

Bunker fuels are included in transport for the world total (but excluded for all countries and regions)

Residential only includes emissions from fuels actually combusted in households (hence its relatively small share), not electricity or heat consumption

We show both the reference approach and sectoral approach emissions (the difference coming from statistical differences, and losses and transformation) We show emissions for main activity

and autoproducer plants separately (we don’t have the required data to allocate autoproducers to their consuming sectors)

Other only includes industrial waste and non-renewable municipal waste (not biofuels)

© OECD/IEA 2010

Step 1: Estimating sectoral fuel consumptionMODULE ENERGY

SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTION (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)

WORKSHEET STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS

SHEET MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES AND CONSTRUCTION

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

A B C D E F

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Consumption Conversion Factor

(TJ/unit)

Consumption (TJ)

Carbon Emission Factor (t C/TJ)

Carbon Content

(t C)

Carbon Content (Gg C)

C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

Units: Could be in natural units (e.g. 1000 tonnes) or in energy units (e.g. TJ)

Separate sheet filled out for each sector:

Main activity producer electricity and heat

Unallocated autoproducersOther energy industries

Manufacturing industries and construction

Transportof which: roadOther sectors

of which: residential

Revised 1996 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

Revised 1996 Guidelines

MODULE ENERGY





A B C D E F

ManufacturingIndustries and Construction


(TJ/unit)

Consumption (TJ)


Carbon Content

(t C)


C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

SELECTED NET CALORIFIC VALUES FROM THE 1996

GLS

Factors (TJ/103 tonnes)

Refined petroleum productsGasoline 44.80Jet kerosene 44.59Other kerosene 44.75Shale oil 36.00Gas/diesel oil 43.33Residual fuel oil 40.19LPG 47.31Ethane 47.49Naphtha 45.01Bitumen 40.19Lubricants 40.19Petroleum coke 31.00Refinery feedstocks 44.80Refinery gas 48.15Other oil products 40.19Other productsCoal oils and tars derived from coking coals

28.00

Oil shale 9.40Orimulsion 27.50

Country-specific NCVs for natural gas and coal are given explicitly in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

Step 2: Converting to a common energy unit

© OECD/IEA 2010

MODULE ENERGY





A B C D E F



(TJ/unit)

Consumption (TJ)


Carbon Content

(t C)


C=(AxB) E=(CxD) F=(E x 10-3)

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

CARBON EMISSION FACTORS (CEF)

Fuel Carbon emissionfactor (t C/TJ)

LIQUID FOSSILPrimary fuelsCrude oil 20.0Orimulsion 22.0Natural gas liquids 17.2Secondary fuels/productsGasoline 18.9Jet kerosene 19.5Other kerosene 19.6Shale oil 20.0Gas/diesel oil 20.2Residual fuel oil 21.1LPG 17.2Ethane 16.8Naphtha (20.0)

Bitumen 22.0Lubricants (20.0) Petroleum coke 27.5Refinery feedstocks (20.0)

Refinery gas 18.2 Other oil (20.0)

Step 3: Multiplying by carbon emission factors Revised 1996 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

MODULE ENERGY


WORKSHEET 2 STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS



G H I J K L


Fraction of Carbon Stored

Carbon Stored (Gg C)

Net Carbon Emissions

(Gg C)

Fraction of Carbon

Oxidised

Actual Carbon

Emissions(Gg C)

Actual CO2 Emissions(Gg CO2)

H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

Default values: fraction of carbon stored

Naphtha* 0.8Lubricants 0.5Bitumen 1.0Coal Oils and Tars 0.75Natural Gas* 0.33 Gas/Diesel Oil*0.5LPG*0.8Ethane* 0.8

*When used as feedstocks

Step 4: Calculating carbon stored Revised 1996 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

MODULE ENERGY





G H I J K L





(Gg C)

Fraction of Carbon

Oxidised

Actual Carbon

Emissions(Gg C)


H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

Default values: fraction of carbon oxidised

Coal 0.98Oil and oil products 0.99Gas 0.995Peat for elec. Generation 0.99

Step 5: Correcting for carbon unoxidised Revised 1996 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

MODULE ENERGY





G H I J K L





(Gg C)

Fraction of Carbon

Oxidised

Actual Carbon

Emissions(Gg C)


H=(FxG) I=(F-H) K=(IxJ) L=(K x [44/12])

Crude Oil

Natural Gas Liquids

Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Gas/Diesel Oil

Residual Fuel Oil

LPG

Multiply by 44/12(the molecular weight ratio of CO2 to C)

Step 6: Converting to CO2 emissions Revised 1996 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

Differences between 1996 and 2006 Guidelines

Simplified estimation methodology

Emission factors: Rather than separate carbon and CO2 – estimate CO2 directly Oxidation factors: Rather than differentiate oxidation based on fuels since almost

no information is available on this, assume 100% oxidation – simplifies and is more conservative. Also, the oxidation factors are now included directly in the EFs.

Non-energy use: Rather than include all energy and then make assumptions on stored carbon, the activity data explicitly exclude the non-energy use of fuels.

Account for emissions where and when they occur: New methodologies for CO2 captured and stored, new methodologies for CO2 in agricultural soils, forests

© OECD/IEA 2010

SECTOR ENERGY

CATEGORY FUEL COMBUSTION ACTIVITIES

CATEGORY CODE 1A

SHEET 1 OF 4 (CO2, CH4 AND N2O FROM FUEL COMBUSTION BY SOURCE CATEGORIES – TIER 1)

Energy consumption CO2 CH4 (etc.)

A

Consumption (Mass.Volume or Energy unit)

Liquid fuels

Crude Oil

Orimulsion

Natural Gas Liquids

Motor Gasoline

Aviation Gasoline

Jet Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Step 1: Estimating sectoral fuel consumption

Units: Could be in natural units (e.g. 1000 tonnes) or in energy units (e.g. TJ)

Separate sheet filled out for each sector:

Main activity electricity and heat production, Petroleum Refining, Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries, Iron and Steel, Non-Ferrous Metals, Chemicals, Pulp/Paper/Print, Food Processing/Beverages/Tobacco, Non-Metallic Minerals, Transport Equipment, Machinery, Mining (excl. fuels)/Quarrying, Wood/Wood Products, Construction, Textile/Leather, Non-specified Industry, Commercial/Institutional, Residential, Agriculture/Forestry/Fishing/Fish Farms, Non-specified Stationary

2006 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

SECTOR ENERGY


CATEGORY CODE 1A



A B

Conversion Factor

(TJ/unit)

C

Consumption (TJ)

C=A*B

Liquid fuels

Crude Oil

Orimulsion

Natural Gas Liquids

Motor Gasoline

Aviation Gasoline

Jet Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

SELECTED NET CALORIFIC VALUESFROM THE 2006 GLS

Net calorific value (TJ/Gg) Lower Upper

Crude oil 42.3 40.1 44.8Orimulsion 27.5 27.5 28.3Natural Gas Liquids 44.2 40.9 46.9Motor Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Aviation Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Jet Gasoline 44.3 42.5 44.8Jet kerosene 44.1 42.0 45.0Other kerosene 43.8 42.4 45.2

Country-specific NCVs for natural gas and coal are given explicitly in the

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines. The 2006 Guidelines give one default value with

upper and lower limits.

Step 2: Converting to a common energy unit 2006 Guidelines

© OECD/IEA 2010

SECTOR ENERGY


CATEGORY CODE 1A



D

CO2 Emission Factor (kg CO2/TJ)

E

CO2

Emissions (Gg CO2)

E=C*D/106

Liquid fuels

Crude Oil

Orimulsion

Natural Gas Liquids

Motor Gasoline

Aviation Gasoline

Jet Gasoline

Jet Kerosene

Other Kerosene

Step 3: Multiplying by CO2 emission factors 2006 Guidelines

DEFAULT EFFECTIVE CO2 EMISSION FACTORS

FROM THE 2006 GLS

CO2

Default emission

factorLower Upper

Crude oil 73 300 71 100 75 500Orimulsion 77 000 69 300 85 400Natural Gas Liquids 64 200 58 300 70 400Motor Gasoline 69 300 67 500 73 000Aviation Gasoline 70 000 67 500 73 000Jet Gasoline 70 000 67 500 73 000Jet kerosene 71 500 69 700 74 400Other kerosene 71 900 70 800 73 700

© OECD/IEA 2010

IEA Statistics - www.iea.org/stats/index.asp

Energy Efficiency Indicators -www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiencyindicators/

Energy Efficiency Home Page - www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/

CO2 Emissions Data Overview www.iea.org/co2highlights/

Some useful websites on energy efficiencySome useful websites on energy efficiency

Thank youThank you

application of energy statistics energy efficiency indicators & greenhouse gas inventories

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