application of gis in urban traffic air quality

APPLICATION OF GIS IN URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION

AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS GIS ?

• GIS (geographical Information System) is a computer based tool to capture, store, analyze, manage, manipulate and present the data that are in spatial or geographical format. A geographic information system (GIS) is a technological tool for comprehending geography and making intelligent decisions.

• ArcGIS is a software used widely by researchers and engineers to systematically analyze and handle the air quality and emission related data which makes it easier for policy makers to understand and implement legislation.

NOX

• Nitrogen Oxides (mainly NO and NO), or NOx, is the generic term for a group of highly reactive gases, which contain nitrogen and oxygen in various amounts and chemical configurations. Most of the nitrogen oxides are colorless and odorless.• However, one very common pollutant, nitrogen dioxide

(NO2) along with other particles in the air can often be seen as a reddish-brown layer of smog over many cities or heavily populated areas.

SOURCES OF NOX

vehicles contribute between 30–75% of the total NO emissions in urban areas

NOX AND HUMAN HEALTH

NO2 is one of the most reactive oxides of nitrogen.• Reacts with oxygen and forms ground level ozone causing lung

cancer and resporatory illness• Nox reacts with water and forms nitric acid which is

responsible for acid rains.• NO and NO2 along with airborne particles cause visibility

impairment.

CURRENT SCENARIODue to rapid urbanization and population growth in recent years vehicular emission has emerged as a big threat to the environment and human lives.

APPLICATIONS OF GIS

• GIS can help reducing decision making time by conducting spatial analysis of suitable modelling and methodology.

• Traditionally, two general approaches to air pollution mapping can be identifed:spatial interpolation and dispersion modelling ( Briggs 1992) . The former uses statistical or other methods to model the pollution surface, based upon measurements atmonitoring sites. With the development of GIS and geostatistical techniques in recent years, a wide range of spatial interpolation methods have now become available

• GIS can link several databases and layers and generate high resolution display of the distribution and behavior of occurance

BUFFER ANALYSIS

• It is powerful tool to identify extract certain features in selected georeferenced area within or outside the study area.

100M AND 300M BUFFER AROUND MONITORING SITE

APPROACH IN GIS• identification, collection and categorization of emission

sources.• Dividing the study area in suitable small grid to collect input

data for ArcGIS• Executing the data and developing a digital map of the

study area• Generating specially resolved map of the given study area

with embedded information of contribution of different sources towards a specific pollutant i.e. NOx

Map digitization

Data collection

Emission inventory development

Air quality simulation for selected area

Generation of spatially resolved

emission maps

REFERENCE• Estimation of Automobile Emissions and Control Strategies in India ,UCI-ITS-WP-09-1, K.S. Nesamani, Institute of Transportation

Studies, Universit y of California, Irvine; Irvine, CA 92697-3600, U.S.A. , 2009

• URBAN AIR POLLUTION TREND IN INDIA - PRESENT SCENARIO Sateesh. N. Hosamane1, Dr.G.P.Desai2 Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, KLE Dr.M.S.Sheshagiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum-590008, Karnataka1. ,Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere-577304, Karnataka2

• Vehicular Emission Monitoring Using Internet GIS, GPS and Sensors

P. Partheeban 1+, R. Rani Hemamalini 2 and H. Prasad Raju 3 1 St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India 2 Department of ECE, St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India, 3 Department of Civil Engineering, St. Peter’s University, Avadi, Chennai, India

• USE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ANALYZING VEHICLE EMISSIONS: ISTANBUL AS A CASE STUDY

M.Umit Gumusay a,*, Alper Unal b, Rukiye Aydın c a YTU, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering, 34349, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected] b EMBARQ, WRI Center for Sustainable Transport, WASHINGTON, DC, USA c Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Geographical Information System, 34173, Gungoren, Istanbul, Turkey, [email protected]

• Development of GIS-aided Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants for an Urban Environment

Sailesh N. Behera1, Mukesh Sharma1, Onkar Dikshit1 and S.P. Shukla2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 2Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow India

• GIS-Based Emission Inventory, Dispersion Modeling, and Assessment for Source Contributions of Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment

Sailesh N. Behera & Mukesh Sharma & Onkar Dikshit & S. P. Shukla

• Development and Evaluation of Control Strategies for Reduction of Ambient PM10 Levels in Urban Environment: Application of GIS and Dispersion Modeling Sailesh N. Behera1, Jayprakash Rout2, Mukesh Sharma3 And Prashant Gargava4 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUS- 117411, Singapore 2Wipro Technologies, Bangalore- 560035, India 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur- 208016, India 4Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi -110032, India

• Sailesh N. Behera , Mukesh Sharma , Pranati Nayak , Sheo Prasad Shukla & Prashant Gargava (2014) An approach for evaluation of proposed air pollution control strategy to reduce levels of nitrogen oxides in an urban environment, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57:4, 467-494, DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2012.750600

• Combustion bulletin 2013, By: Michael Biarnes In collaboration with: Bill Freed and Jason Esteves E Instruments International LLC - www.E-Inst.com

• DAVID J. BRIGGS , SUSAN COLLINS , PAUL ELLIOTT , PAUL FISCHER , SIMON KINGHAM , ERIK LEBRET , KAREL PRYL , HANS VAN REEUWIJK , KIRSTY SMALLBONE & ANDRE VAN DER VEEN (1997) Mapping urban air pollution using GIS: a regression-based approach, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 11:7, 699-718, DOI: 10.1080/136588197242158

• http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-069X-10-12

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