application of hydrocarbon refrigerant for air...
TRANSCRIPT
APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON REFRIGERANT FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN
INDONESIA
A.D. PASEK, A. SUWONO(
Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung
2
Class 1 Hi ODP CFC’s
Class 2 Lo ODP HCFC’s
Higher GWP� Lower GWP �
-Toxicity Concerns �-Efficiency Concerns �-Cost Concerns �
Fluorocarbons �
Non-Ozone Depleting �(Kyoto Protocol)
“Natural” Refrigerants
-ODP Concerns -GWP Concerns - Flammable �
GWP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
ODP
GWP
GWP
GWP
GWP
GWP GWP
GWP
GWP
Ozone Depleting �(Montreal Protocol)
ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS�
PROPANE PROPERTIES
Substance ODP [1] GWP [1] GWP [2]
R-290 0 3.3 3.3
HCFC-22 0.055 1700 1810
Substance NBP, oC Density at 0oC, kg/m3
Latent Heat, at -15oC kJ/kg
R-290 -42.1 523 252.4
HCFC-22 -40.8 1285 108.4
PROPANE PROPERTIES
RETROFIT PROCEDURE
• Retrofit procedure comply with Indonesia safety standard for flammable refrigerant, and Indonesia MOE regulation
• The tests were carried out in the existing systems at uncontrolled but relatively similar surrounding conditions
• The field test measured: – the electric currents or power to the compressor, – the evaporator and/or condenser pressure, and – outlet cool air temperature
• The measurement were done for HCFC-22 and R-290 refrigerant
• In a big capacity system compressor oil was change to higher grade (more viscous)
TEST RESULTS – Split AC 2004
Parameter hp 1 2 4
BTU/hr 9000 18000 25500
HCFC-22
Current, A 4.3 7.9 12.2
Peva., psig 70 70 70
Air temperature, oC 13.8 15.9 8.2
R-290
Current, A 3.3 6.5 10.8
Peva., psig 68 65 61
Air temperature, oC 13.0 14.9 7.9
TEST RESULTS – Commercial AC Nov – Dec 2005
Parameter hp 6 10 18 BTU/hr 49000 90000 160200
HCFC-22
Current, A R 7.3 18.8 25.8 S 14.9 26.7 T 15.4 26.6
Pcond., psig 250 250 Peva,, psig 70 60 68 Air temperature, oC 12.8 12.9 17.7 R-290
Current, A R 5.3 16.0 19.1 S 12.3 21.2 T 12.4 23.3
Pcond., psig 195 200 Peva., psig 60 60 62 Air temperature, oC 12.7 10.6 15.2
TEST RESULTS – Chiller 2004
Parameter HCFC-22 R-290
Current, A R 150.9 129.2
S 153.0 131.0
T 152.1 133.7
Outside air temperature, (oC) 36.0 36.1
Suction Pressure, psig 55.0 51.0
Discharge Pressure, psig 290 240
Oil pressure, psig 59 - 63 58 - 61
chilled water (oC) inlet 15.6 15.6
outlet 10.1 9.0
GRAND MELIA HOTEL JAKARTA, 2003
1 2 3
4 5 6
Energy Saving in
Grand Melia Jakarta
Chiller R-22 HCR-22
Date of Observation 25/12/2002 to
27/1/2003
Days 34 days
kWH meter 859.0 781.8 hour meter
Comp. 1 707.0 773.0
Comp. 2 694.8 772.5
Comp. 3 645.4 753.8
Comp. 4 702.9 769.8
Comp. 5 690.2 768.8
Comp. 6 651.9 751.4
Comp. 7 518.7 724.5
Σ running hour 4610.9 5313.8 Average operating hour 19.37 22.32 Operating time of lead comp, h/day 20.79 22.73
Electric Consumption, kW 194.40 161.82 Electric rate difference, kW 32.58
Power saving, kWh 25182.33
Δ kWh x Rp./kWh 11052489.3 Saving in Energy on Januari, Rp 11052489.3
Energy Saving in Grand Melia Jakarta
Data Month, 2003
Jan Feb March April May
KWh Ch. R-22 801,6 1073,2 1518,0 2251,8 2879,1
Ch. HCR-22
875,6 1296,1 2213,6 2800,7 3530,6
Avg. Run Time/day
Ch. R-22 20,8 21,4 10,4 20,4 19,7
Ch. HCR-22
22,7 18,8 17,4 12,4 18,5
Saving, kW 32,58 46,25 38,07 52,94 41,18
Saving, Rupiah 11.051.359 14.572.367 7.888.448 16.253.032 10.415.894
ENERGY SAVING IN GRAND MELIA JAKARTA Month
Sep. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov, 2002 Dec. 2002
Average room occupancy 200 159 126 92
Percentage of room occupancy, (%) 49.14 39.04 30.93 21.77
Function room occupancy, (%) 20.97 22.90 14.19 12.58
Sep. 2003 Oct. 2003 Nov. 2003 Dec. 2003
Average room occupancy 230 254 162 203
Percentage of room occupancy, (%) 62.70 70.23 44.25 53.67
Function room occupancy, (%) 71.94 69.68 41.94 59.68
Raise in Room occupancy 2003, (%) 14.59 59.70 28.75 121.57
Raise in function room occupancy 2003, (%) 50.97 46.77 27.74 47.10
Time Month
Sep. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Electric Energy consumption, kWh 1229960 1296060 1171260 1182420
Sep. 2003 Oct. 2003 Nov. 2003 Dec. 2003 Electric Energy consumption, kWh 1174500 1235880 1119960 1243560
Discrepancy 2003, (%) -4.51 -4.64 -4.38 5.17
CHARACTERSTIC OF R-290/R-134a MIXTURE
• FLAMMABILITY TEST (ASTM E-681-85)
• PERFORMANCE TEST
– 560 Watt vapor compression machine
• TESTED REFRIGERANT
– R-22
– R-290
– Mixture R-290/R-134a
P-x and P- T CURVES OF R-290/R-134a MIXTURE
FLAMMABILITY TEST APPARATUS
FLAMMABILITY TEST RESULT Results of flammability test
Mole Fraction Flammability Limit
R-290 R-134a LFL UFL
1 0 2.09% 9.52%
0.7 0.3 3.31% 11.61%
0.6 0.4 4.00% 12.40%
0.5 0.5 4.42% 13.50%
0.39 0.61 6.31% 15.18%
0.2733 0.7267 8.65% 16.60%
0.2019 0.7981 11.70% 16.80%
0.17 0.83 13.90% 15.67%
LFL = lower flammability limit UFL = upper flammability limit
PERFORMANCE TEST
OPTIMUM REFRIGERAN CHARGE
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE
INFLUENCE PARAMETERS IN PERFORMANCE
INFLUENCE PARAMETERS IN PERFORMANCE
CHALLENGE • HC Infrastructure:
– HC air conditioning manufacturer; – Safety standards should be update:
• SNI-06-6500-2000, Refrigeran: Penggunaan pada Instalasi Tetap • SNI-06-6501.1-2000, Refrigeran Kelompok A3: Keamanan pengisian,
penyimpanan dan transportasi • SNI –06-6501.2 - 2000, Refrigeran Kelompok A3 Pemakaian pada Mesin Tata
Udara Kendaraan Bermotor
– Regulation on shipment of flammable refrigerant – Regulation on application of hydrocarbon in building (insurance
problem) – Technician training, Hydrocarbon Service Center – Market education