application of nos in automobiles 03 format (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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Frank.P.Thomas
1MJ07ME019
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Nitrous oxide,commonlyknownas
laughing gas andnozz,
isa chemical compound
with the formulaN2O.
At room temperature, it
isa colorlessnon-
flammable gas, witha
pleasant, slightlysweet
odourand taste.
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PRINCIPLE
The objective ofnitrous oxide is
to make more horsepower.Nitrous oxide comprises one-
part oxygen and two-part
nitrogen. This has a much
higher percentage of oxygen
than that found in the
atmosphere and, because of this
the additional oxygen being
forced into the combustion
chamber provides morepotential power. The additional
power cannot be obtained
safely without enriching the
amount of fuel in the
combustion chamber.
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MAITAINING THE OPTIMUMAIR-FUELRATIO
The internal-combustionengine isbasicallyalargeairpumpand itsability topumpair isoneof the factors,whichdeterminehowmuchpower it canproduce.Air
containsoxygenandby drawing more oxygen into thecombustion chamber, more power will be produced.
Inorder toachieveefficient combustion, theairneeds tobemixedwith fuel in the correct ratio.Thestochiometric(chemically correct) ratio is forbasic gasoline is14.7
parts air to 1 part of fuel.
Greaterquantitiesofoxygen canbedrawn into thecombustion chamberbysimply introducing nitrousoxide.Byweight, Nitrous contains 36% oxygen while air has
only 23%. A chargeofnitrousoxide is capableofburning muchmore fuel than theequivalent amount of
air.
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Because nitrous is more oxygen-rich than air, the
recommended air fuel ratio becomes 9.5 parts ofnitrous to 1 part of fuel (9.5:1). That means when
oxygen-rich nitrous is introduced additional fuel must
also be supplied in order to maintain the optimum
ratio Without the additional fuel the mixture would
become dangerously lean - circumstances that willalmost always lead to severe and expensive damage of
engine parts.
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NITROUSSTORAGE For racing purposes, nitrous oxide is usually contained in
an aluminium cylinder; available in a variety of sizesranging from 2.5 lbs to 20 lbs. While retained in thecylinder the nitrous is in a liquid form and held underhigh pressure. When it is released from the cylinder intothe intake tract its physical state changes from a liquidto a gas. This transformation occurs as the nitrous is
released from an area of extreme pressure (thealuminium cylinders are pressurized to approximately1000 P.S.I.) into the vacuum of the intake manifold. Thischange in state is usually referred to as the nitrousboiling.
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TYPES OF NITROUSSYSTEM
Thereare twomain typesofnitroussystem
DRYSYSTEM
WET SYSTEM
Single DryFogger
Wet PlateSystem
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DrySystem
TheN2O is injected into dry air(without fuel)
upstream in themanifoldand it is thenmixed with fuel
at the injectors.Theextra fuelrequired tomaintain the
burnbalance from Lean to Rich isdeliveredby the
injectors. Theprimarypart of the intake iskept dryoffuel.
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Wet System
The fueland Nitrous are mixed and introduced
together to the primary part of the intake.This
systemproducesslightlymore power than dry but
cannot beapplied toanenginewithadry intaketypicallymost fuel injectedengines.
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SAFETYASPECTS
One of the most important aspects ofkeeping an engine
healthy when using nitrous oxide is to ensure it operates
at the proper air/fuel ratio. Running too lean can cause
detonation, resulting in damaged engine parts. Running
too rich can also harm performance and destroy engine
parts, too. Once calibrated, they'll inject the properamount of fuel with the nitrous system to maintain the
correct air/fuel ratio.
NOS should only be activated when the position of the
throttle is wide open failing which can lead to
catastrophic effect which may lead to the whole
automobile exploding causing even fatal injuries. This
however is taken care by the solenoid provided.
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Advantages
Nitrousoxideoffersmorepower-per-dollar thanallknownalternatives.
It hasappreciablymorepower thana turbocharger
NOSprovide instant powerwhen itsneeded.
Tuning withnitrousalsoprovides thepotential to
increasepower Bypurchasing anadjustablekit, morepower canbeadded.
Installing anitroussystem isreasonablystraight forward,when compared tootherhorsepower improvingmodifications.
Thesystem canalwaysbe transferred from vehicle tovehicle.
Nitrousoxidesystem canbeeasilyreplaced.
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Disadvantages
Ifa nitrous bottle is overheated or heated too quickly, acatastrophic explosion can occur.
Liquidnitrouswill causesevereandpermanent frostbitedamage toskin.
Inhalationofnitrousoxide can causesuffocationandimmediatedeath.
The nitrous system is designed to operate at 1100 psiand exceeding that pressure can cause the engine tobecome too lean and cause extensive engine damage.
Ifa stock fuel system cannot supply enough fuel to theengine, the mixture will become too lean and severeengine damage will occur.
Activating thenitrousoxidesystemmay causeanexplosiononenginestart-up.
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OTHERAPPLICATIONS
Rocket motors
Nitrous oxide can be used as an oxidizer in a r ocketmotor. This has the advantages over other oxidizers thatit is non-toxic and, due to its stability at roomtemperature, easy to store and relatively safe to carry on
a flight.In medicine
Nitrous oxide can also be used to dull the sensation ofpain, even if the inhaler were still semi-conscious, and soit came into use as an anesthetic, particularly by
dentists, who do not typically have access to theservices of an anesthesiologist and who may benefitfrom a patient who can respond to verbal commands.
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THANK YOU
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